List of Israelis explained

Israelis (he|ישראלים Yiśraʾelim) are the citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel, a multiethnic state populated by people of different ethnic backgrounds. The largest ethnic groups in Israel are Jews (75%), followed by Arabs (20%) and other minorities (5%).^[1] __FORCETOC__

Academics

Archaeology

• Israel Finkelstein (born 1949)
• Amihai Mazar (born 1942)
• Benjamin Mazar (1906-1995)
• Eilat Mazar (1956-2021)
• Yigael Yadin (1917-1984)

Biology and medicine

• Aaron Valero – Professor of Medicine, founder of Faculty of Medicine at the Technion, director of government hospital
• Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko – ubiquitin system; Lasker Award (2000), Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2004)
• Moshe Feldenkrais – invented Feldenkrais Method used in movement therapy
• Hossam Haick – inventor of an electric nose for diagnosis of cancer^[2]
• Israel Hanukoglu – structures of cytoskeletal keratins, NADP binding proteins, steroidogenic enzymes, Epithelial Sodium Channels (ENaC)
• Gavriel Iddan – inventor of capsule endoscopy
• Danny Ionescu – aquatic microbial ecologist
• Benjamin Kahn – marine biologist, defender of the Red Sea reef
• Alexander Levitzki – cancer research; Wolf Prize in Medicine (2005)
• Yadin Dudai – memory research
• Gideon Mer – scientist, malaria control
• Saul Merin – ophthalmologist, author of Inherited Eye Diseases
• Raphael Mechoulam – chemist, discoverer of tetrahydrocannabinol and anandamide
• Leo Sachs – blood cell research; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1980)
• Asya Rolls – psychoneuroimmunologist
• Michael Sela and Ruth Arnon – developed Copaxone; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1998)
• Rahel Straus (1880–1963) – German-Jewish medical doctor and feminist
• Joel Sussman – 3D structure of acetylcholinesterase, Elkeles Prize for Research in Medicine (2005)
• Meir Wilchek – affinity chromatography; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1987)
• Ada Yonath – structure of ribosome, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2009)
• Amotz Zahavi – Handicap Principle
• Abraham Zangen – psycholobiology

Computing and mathematics

• Ron Aharoni – mathematician
• Noga Alon – mathematician, computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2005)
• Shimshon Amitsur – mathematician ring theory abstract algebra
• Robert Aumann – mathematician game theory; Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2005)
• Amir Ban and Shay Bushinsky – programmers of Junior (chess)
• Yehoshua Bar-Hillel – machine translation
• Joseph Bernstein – mathematician
• Eli Biham – differential cryptanalysis
• Yair Censor – mathematician
• Aryeh Dvoretzky – mathematician, eighth president of the Weizmann Institute of Science
• Uriel Feige – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2001)
• Abraham Fraenkel – ZF set theory
• Hillel Furstenberg – mathematician; Wolf Prize in Mathematics (2006/7)
• Shafi Goldwasser – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (1993 and 2001)
• David Harel – computer science; Israel Prize (2004)
• Gad M. Landau – computer scientist
• Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv – LZW compression; IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal (2007 and 1995)
• Joram Lindenstrauss – mathematician Johnson–Lindenstrauss lemma
• Elon Lindenstrauss – mathematician
• Michel Loève – probabilist
• Joel Moses – MIT provost and writer of Macsyma
• Yoram Moses – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (1997)
• Judea Pearl – artificial intelligence, philosophy of action; Turing Award (2011)
• Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro – representation theory; Wolf Prize in Mathematics (1990)
• Amir Pnueli – temporal logic; Turing Award (1996)
• Michael O. Rabin – nondeterminism, primality testing; Turing Award (1976)
• Shmuel Safra – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2001)
• Nir Shavit – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2004)
• Adi Shamir – RSA encryption, differential cryptanalysis; Turing Award (2002)
• Saharon Shelah – logic; Wolf Prize in Mathematics (2001)
• Ehud Shapiro – Concurrent Prolog, DNA computing pioneer
• Moshe Y. Vardi – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2000)
• Avi Wigderson – randomized algorithms; Nevanlinna Prize (1994)
• Doron Zeilberger – combinatorics

Engineering

• David Faiman (born 1944) – solar engineer and director of the National Solar Energy Center
• Yoram Koren – mechanical engineering
• Liviu Librescu (1930-2007) – Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech, killed in the Virginia Tech massacre
• Hagit Messer Yaron (born 1953) – professor of electrical engineering
• Moshe Zakai (1926-2015) – electrical engineering
• Jacob Ziv (1931-2023) – electrical engineering

Humanities

• Aharon Dolgopolsky – linguist: Nostratic
• Moshe Goshen-Gottstein – Biblical scholar
• Elias Khoury – law
• Hans Jakob Polotsky – linguist
• Chaim Rabin – Biblical scholar
• Alice Shalvi – English literature, educator
• Gershon Shaked – Hebrew literature
• Shemaryahu Talmon – Biblical scholar
• Emanuel Tov – Biblical scholar
• Ghil'ad Zuckermann – linguist, revivalist

Philosophy

• Martin Buber (1878-1965)
• Berl Katznelson (1887-1944)
• Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903-1994)
• Avishai Margalit (born 1939)
• Joseph Raz (1939-2022)
• Gershom Scholem (1897-1982)

Physics and chemistry

• Yakir Aharonov – Aharonov–Bohm effect; Wolf Prize in Physics (1998)
• Uri Banin – chemist
• Amiram Barkai – biochemist
• Jacob Bekenstein – black hole thermodynamics; Wolf Prize in Physics (2012)
• David Deutsch – quantum computing pioneer; Paul Dirac Prize (1998)
• Joshua Jortner and Rafi Levine – molecular energy; Wolf Prize in Chemistry (1988)
• Josef Imry – physicist
• Aaron Katzir – physical chemistry
• Ephraim Katzir – immobilized enzymes; Japan Prize (1985); fourth president of Israel List of presidents of Israel
• Michael Levitt – Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2011)
• Zvi Lipkin – physicist
• Dan T. Major – professor of chemistry
• Boris Mavashev – seismologist
• Mordehai Milgrom – Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND)
• Yuval Ne'eman – the "Eightfold way"
• Israel Pelah – nuclear physics
• Asher Peres – quantum theory
• Giulio Racah – spectroscopy
• Nathan Rosen – EPR paradox
• Nathan Seiberg – string theory
• Dan Shechtman – quasicrystals; Wolf Prize in Physics (1999), Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2013)
• Igal Talmi – nuclear physics
• Tsippy Tamiri – chemistry
• Reshef Tenne – discovered inorganic fullerenes and non-carbon nanotubes
• Arieh Warshel – Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2013)
• Chaim Weizmann – acetone production

Social sciences

• Yehuda Bauer – Holocaust historian
• Dany Bahar (economist) – economist
• Daniel Elazar – political scientist
• Esther Farbstein – historian
• Ayelet Frish – strategic consultant
• Haim Ginott – psychologist: child psychology
• Eliyahu Goldratt – business consultant: Theory of Constraints
• Louis Guttman – sociologist
• Yuval Noah Harari – historian and author who wrote best selling book
• Michael Harris – public policy scholar and university administrator
• Elhanan Helpman – economist: international trade
• Daniel Kahneman – behavioural scientist: prospect theory; Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2002)
• Smadar Lavie – anthropologist
• Benny Morris – historian
• Erich Neumann – analytical psychologist: development, consciousness
• Nurit Peled-Elhanan – educator
• Renee Rabinowitz – psychologist and lawyer
• Sheizaf Rafaeli – management, information, communication
• Anat Rafaeli – organisational behaviour
• Ariel Rubinstein – economist
• Moshe Sharon – historian
• Avi Shlaim – historian
• Abraham Solomonick – semiotician, linguist
• Amos Tversky – behavioral scientist: prospect theory with Daniel Kahneman
• Hanan Yoran – historian

Activists

• Uri Avnery – peace activist, Gush Shalom
• Yael Dayan – writer, politician, activist
• Esther Eillam – feminist activist
• Uzi Even – gay rights activist
• Yehuda Glick – activist for Jewish rights at the Temple Mount
• Shula Keshet – Mizrahi feminist, activist and artist
• Hagar Rublev (1954-2000) – peace activist
• Uri Savir – peace negotiator, Peres Center for Peace
• Israel Shahak – political activist
• Natan Sharansky – Soviet-era human rights activist
• Ronny Edry and Michal Tamir – originators of the Israel-Loves-Iran peace movement and its offshoots

Architects

• Michael Arad
• Ram Karmi
• Richard Kauffmann
• David Kroyanker
• David Resnick
• Moshe Safdie
• Arieh Sharon

Athletes

Association football (soccer)

• Avram Grant – Israeli head coach and manager (Chelsea F.C. & Israel national team)
• Eyal Ben Ami – midfielder various clubs, national team ^[3]
• Yaniv Ben-Nissan – midfielder
• Dudu Aouate – goalkeeper (RCD Mallorca, national team)^[4]
• Jonathan Assous – defensive midfielder (Hapoel Petah Tikva), of French origin^[5]
• Gai Assulin – winger/attacking midfielder (Manchester City, national team)
• Ronen Badash – midfielder
• Pini Balili – striker (Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv, Israel national team)
• Nir Bitton – midfielder, (Celtic, Maccabi Tel Aviv, SC Ashdod, Israel national team
• Yossi Benayoun – attacking midfielder, (Israel national tema captain, as well as the national most capped footballer) Hapoel Be'er Sheva, Maccabi Haifa, Racing Santander, West Ham United, Liverpool, Chelsea
• Gil Cain – defender, Hapoel Azor
• David "Dedi" Ben Dayan – left defender (Hapoel Tel Aviv, national team)^{[6] [7]}
• Tal Ben Haim – center back/right back, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Bolton Wanderers, Chelsea, West Ham United^[8]
• Daniel Brailovski – midfielder (Argentina, Uruguay, and Israel national teams)^[9]
• Roberto Colautti – Argentine born-striker
• Tomer Chencinski – goaltender (Vaasan Palloseura)
• Avi Cohen – defender, Liverpool and national team
• Tamir Cohen – midfielder (Bolton Wanderers and national team)^[10]
• Rami Gershon – centre back / left back
• Tvrtko Kale – Croatia/Israel, goalkeeper (Hapoel Haifa)^[11]
• Yaniv Katan – forward/winger (Maccabi Haifa, national team)
• Eli Ohana – won UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and Bravo Award (most outstanding young player in Europe); national team; manager
• Haim Revivo – attacking/side midfielder (Israel national team), Maccabi Haifa, Celta de Vigo, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray
• Ronnie Rosenthal – left winger/striker (Israel national team), Maccabi Haifa, Liverpool, Tottenham, Watford^[12]
• Ben Sahar – striker/winger (Hapoel Tel Aviv, national team)^[13]
• Mordechai Spiegler – striker (Israel national team), manager
• Idan Tal – midfielder (Beitar Jerusalem FC and Israel national team)
• Salim Tuama – soccer player playing for Hapoel Tel Aviv who has in the past played for Standard Liège, Maccabi Petah Tikva, Kayserispor, Larissa and the youth club Gadna Tel Aviv Yehuda.
• Rifaat Turk – Team Israel Olympic midfielder
• Yochanan Vollach – defender (Israel national team); current president of Maccabi Haifa
• Pini Zahavi – UK-based super-agent
• Itzik Zohar – attacking midfielder (Israel national team), Maccabi Jaffa, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Royal Antwerp, Beitar Jerusalem, Crystal Palace, Maccabi Haifa, Maccabi Herzliya, Maccabi Netanya, F.C. Ashdod, Hapoel Nazareth Illit
• Eyal Berkovic – attacking midfielder (English Premier League clubs & Celtic F.C. & Israel national team)
• Eran Zahavi – forward (PSV Eindhoven & Israel national team captain, as well as the national top goalscorer)
• Manor Solomon – winger/attacking midfielder (Tottenham Hotspur F.C., Leeds United AFC & Israel national team)

Basketball

• Miki Berkovich – Maccabi Tel Aviv
• David Blu – (formerly "Bluthenthal"), EuroLeague 6' 7" forward (Maccabi Tel Aviv)^[14]
• Tal Brody – Euroleague 6' 2" shooting guard, Maccabi Tel Aviv
• Tal Burstein – Maccabi Tel Aviv
• Omri Casspi – 6' 9" small forward, drafted in 1st round of 2009 NBA draft (Golden State Warriors)^[15]
• Tanhum Cohen-Mintz – 6' 8" center; 2× Euroleague All-Star
• Shay Doron – WNBA 5' 9" guard, University of Maryland (New York Liberty)^[16]
• Lior Eliyahu – 6' 9" power forward, NBA draft 2006 (Orlando Magic; traded to Houston Rockets), but completed mandatory service in the Israel Defense Forces and played in the Euroleague (Maccabi Tel Aviv)
• Tamir Goodman – U.S. and Israel, 6' 3" shooting guard^[17]
• Yotam Halperin – 6' 5" guard, drafted in 2006 NBA draft by Seattle SuperSonics (Olympiacos)
• T. J. Leaf – NBA basketball player^[18]
• Gal Mekel – NBA basketball player
• Yehoshua Rozin – basketball coach
• Derrick Sharp – American-Israeli basketball player
• Amit Tamir – 6' 10" center/forward, University of California, PAOK Thessaloniki (Hapoel Jerusalem)^{[19] [20]}

Bodybuilding

• Alana Shipp – American/Israeli IFBB professional bodybuilder
• Eli Hanania – American/Israeli bodybuilder and model

Boxing

• Salamo Arouch (The Ballet Dancer) – middleweight champion of Greece, lightweight, welterweight, middleweight. He survived the Holocaust by boxing (over 200 bouts) for the entertainment of Nazi officers in Auschwitz Concentration Camp. His story was portrayed in the 1989 film "Triumph of the Spirit"
• Sarah Avraham – kickboxer, 2014 Women's World Thai-Boxing Champion in 57–63 kilos (125–140 pounds)
• Hagar Finer – WIBF bantamweight champion^[21]
• Yuri Foreman – U.S. middleweight and World Boxing Association super welterweight champion^[22]
• Roman Greenberg – ("The Lion from Zion"), International Boxing Organization's Intercontinental heavyweight champion
• Pavlo Ishchenko – 2-time European Amateur Boxing Championships medalist, and European Games medalist
• Yulia Sachkov – world champion kickboxer

Cycling

• Mikhail Iakovlev (born 2000), Olympic cyclist

Fencing

• Boaz Ellis (born 1981) – foil, 5-time Israeli champion
• Yuval Freilich (born 1995) – épée, 2019 European Épée Champion
• Lydia Hatoel-Zuckerman (born 1963) – foil, 6-time Israeli champion^{[23] [24]}
• Delila Hatuel (born 1980) – Olympic foil fencer
• Noam Mills (born 1986) – épée, junior female world champion, 4-time Israeli champion
• Ayelet Ohayon (born 1974) – foil, European champion
• Tomer Or (born 1978) – foil, junior world champion
• Andre Spitzer (1945–1972) – one of 11 athletes and coaches taken hostage and subsequently killed by terrorists in the Munich massacre^[25]

Figure skating

• Alexei Beletski – ice dancer, Olympian^[26]
• Oleksii Bychenko – figure skater, Olympian, European silver medallist 2016
• Galit Chait – ice dancer, World Championship bronze 2002
• Natalia Gudina – figure skater, Olympian^[27]
• Tamar Katz – figure skater^[28]
• Lionel Rumi – ice dancer
• Sergei Sakhnovsky – ice dancer, World Championship Bronze medal 2002
• Daniel Samohin – figure skater, Olympian, 2016 World Junior Champion
• Michael Shmerkin – figure skater^[29]
• Alexandra Zaretski – ice dancer, Olympian^[30]
• Roman Zaretski – ice dancer, Olympian^[31]

Golf

• Laetitia Beck – golfer

Gymnastics

• Alexander Shatilov – World bronze (artistic gymnast; floor exercise)^[32]
• Artem Dolgopyat – artistic gymnast (Olympic gold: 2020)
• Linoy Ashram – rhythmic gymnast (Olympic gold: 2020)
• Neta Rivkin – rhythmic gymnast
• Nicol Zelikman – rhythmic gymnast

Judo

• Yael Arad – judoka (Olympic silver: 1992, European champion: 1993, world silver: 1993). first Israeli Olympic medalist; light-middleweight
• Yarden Gerbi – judoka (Olympic bronze: 2016)
• Andrian Kordon – European Championship bronze; heavyweight
• Daniela Krukower – Israeli/Argentine judoka, World Champion (under 63 kg)^[33]
• Timna Nelson-Levy (born 1994) – judoka (Olympic bronze: 2020), European champion
• Yoel Razvozov – 2-time European Championship silver; lightweight
• Or Sasson – judoka (Olympic bronze: 2016)
• Oren Smadja – judoka (Olympic bronze: 1992; lightweight)
• Ehud Vaks – judoka (half-lightweight)^[34]
• Gal Yekutiel – European championship bronze
• Ariel Ze'evi – judoka (European champion: 2000, 2003, 2004; Olympic bronze: 2004; 100 kg)

Motor racing

• Alon Day – Former NASCAR Euro Series Racing Driver
• Chanoch Nissany – Former Racing Driver and Formula One Test Driver
• Roy Nissany – FIA Formula 2 Racing Driver
• Ido Cohen – FIA Formula 3 Racing Driver
• Ariel Elkin – Italian Formula 4 Racing Driver
• Alon Gabbay – Porsche Carrera Cup Germany Racing Driver
• Ariel Levi – Porsche Carrera Cup GT3 Racing Driver

Sailing

• Zefania Carmel – yachtsman, world champion (420 class)^[35]
• Gal Fridman – windsurfer (Olympic gold: 2004 (Israel's first gold medalist), bronze: 1996 (Mistral class); world champion: 2002)^[36]
• Shai Kakon (born 2002) – Olympic sailor
• Sharon Kantor (born 2003) – world champion windsurfer
• Lee Korzits – windsurfer (two-time Olympian and four-time world champion).
• Lydia Lazarov – yachting world champion (420 class)
• Nimrod Mashiah – windsurfer; World Championship silver, ranked # 1 in world
• Tom Reuveny (born 2000) – Olympic champion windsurfing sailor
• Katy Spychakov – windsurfer; World Championship silver
• Shahar Tzuberi – windsurfer, Olympic bronze (RS:X discipline); 2009 & 2010 European Windsurf champion^[37]

Surfing

• Anat Lelior – female surfer who competed for Israel at the 2020 Olympic Games

Swimming

• Vadim Alexeev – swimmer, breaststroke^[38]
• Adi Bichman – 400-m and 800-m freestyle, 400-m medley^[39]
• Yoav Bruck – 50-m freestyle and 100-m freestyle
• Anastasia Gorbenko (born 2003) – backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle
• Eran Groumi – 100 and 200 m backstroke, 100-m butterfly
• Michael "Miki" Halika – 200-m butterfly, 200- and 400-m individual medley
• Judith Haspel – (born "Judith Deutsch"), of Austrian origin, held every Austrian women's middle and long-distance freestyle record in 1935; refused to represent Austria in 1936 Summer Olympics along with Ruth Langer and Lucie Goldner, protesting Hitler, stating, "We do not boycott Olympia, but Berlin".^[40]
• Marc Hinawi – record holder in the European Games
• Amit Ivry – Maccabiah and Israeli records in Women's 100 m butterfly, Israeli record in Women's 200 m Individual Medley, bronze medal in 100 m butterfly at the European Swimming Championships.
• Dan Kutler – of U.S. origin; 100-m butterfly, 4×100-m medley relay^[41]
• Keren Leibovitch – Paralympic swimmer, 4x-gold-medal-winner, 100-m backstroke, 50- and 100-m freestyle, 200-m individual medley
• Tal Stricker – 100- and 200-m breaststroke, 4×100-m medley relay^[42]
• Eithan Urbach – backstroke swimmer, European championship silver and bronze; 100-m backstroke^[43]

Table tennis

• Marina Kravchenko – table tennis player, Soviet and Israel national teams^[44]
• Angelica Rozeanu – (Adelstin), of Romanian origin, 17-time world table tennis champion, ITTFHoF

Taekwondo

• Avishag Semberg – taekwondo female athlete (Olympic bronze: 2020)

Tennis

• Noam Behr^[45]
• Ilana Berger^[46]
• Gilad Bloom^[47]
• Jonathan Erlich – 6 doubles titles, 6 doubles finals; won 2008 Australian Open Men's Doubles (w/Andy Ram), highest world doubles ranking # 5^[48]
• Shlomo Glickstein – highest world singles ranking # 22, highest world doubles ranking # 28
• Julia Glushko^[49]
• Amir Hadad
• Harel Levy – highest world singles ranking # 30
• Evgenia Linetskaya
• Amos Mansdorf – highest world singles ranking # 18
• Tzipora Obziler
• Noam Okun
• Yshai Oliel
• Shahar Pe'er – (3 WTA career titles), highest world singles ranking # 11, highest world doubles ranking # 14
• Keren Shlomo – (3 ITF career titles)
• Shahar Perkiss
• Andy Ram – 6 doubles titles, 6 doubles finals, 1 mixed double title (won 2006 Wimbledon Mixed Doubles (w/Vera Zvonareva), 2007 French Open Mixed Doubles (w/Nathalie Dechy), 2008 Australian Open Men's Doubles (w/Jonathan Erlich), highest world doubles ranking # 5
• Eyal Ran^[50]
• Dudi Sela – highest world singles ranking # 29
• Denis Shapovalov (born 1999) – Israeli-Canadian tennis player, born in Tel Aviv, highest world singles ranking # 29
• Anna Smashnova – (12 WTA career titles), highest world singles ranking # 15

Track and field

• Alex Averbukh – pole vaulter (European champion: 2002, 2006)^[51]
• Ayele Seteng – long-distance runner, he was the oldest track and field athlete competing at the 2004 Olympics and 2008 Olympics.
• Danielle Frenkel – high jump champion
• Hanna Knyazyeva-Minenko – triple jumper and long jumper; participated in 2012 Summer Olympics
• Shaul Ladany – world-record-holding racewalker, Bergen-Belsen survivor, Munich Massacre survivor, Professor of Industrial Engineering
• Lonah Chemtai Salpeter – Kenyan-Israeli Olympic marathon runner
• Esther Roth-Shachamarov – track and field, hurdler and sprinter (5 Asian Game golds)

Other

• 1972 Olympic team – see Munich Massacre
• David Mark Berger – weightlifter originally from US, Maccabiah champion (middleweight); killed in the Munich Massacre^[52]
• Max Birbraer – ice hockey player drafted by NHL team (New Jersey Devils)^[53]
• Nili Block (born 1995) – world champion kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter^[54]
• Noam Dar – Israeli-born Scottish wrestler
• Oren Eizenman – ice hockey player, Israel national team; Connecticut Whale)
• Eli Elezra – professional poker player
• Boris Gelfand, Emil Sutovsky, Ilya Smirin – chess Grandmasters (~2700 peak Elo rating)
• Bar Greenzaid – indoor skydiving athlete, singer and model
• Baruch Hagai – wheelchair athlete (multiple paralympic golds)
• Michael Kolganov – sprint canoer/kayak paddler, world champion, Olympic bronze 2000 (K-1 500-meter)
• Dean Kremer (born 1996) – Israeli-American Major League Baseball pitcher
• Imi Lichtenfeld – Hungarian-born Israeli martial artist, developer of Krav Maga
• Ido Pariente – mixed martial artist
• Eliezer Sherbatov (born 1991) – Israeli-Canadian ice hockey player
• Shachar Sagiv (born 1994) – Olympic triathlete
• Chagai Zamir – 4-time Paralympic Games champion
• Misha Zilberman (born 1989) – Olympic badminton player

See also: List of Israeli chess players.

Chefs

• Yisrael Aharoni – chef and restaurateur & reality television judge
• Michal Ansky – female chef & reality television judge
• Jamie Geller – American born-Israeli chef
• Erez Komarovsky – first artisanal bread baker in Israel & reality television judge
• Yotam Ottolenghi – Israeli-British chef
• Moshik Roth – chef with 2 Michelin stars & reality television judge
• Assaf Granit – chef with 1 Michelin star & reality television judge

Entertainment

Artists

• Yaacov Agam – kinetic artist
• Ron Arad – designer
• Mordecai Ardon – painter
• David Ascalon – sculptor and synagogue designer
• Maurice Ascalon – sculptor and industrial designer
• Isidor Ascheim – painter and printmaker
• Mordechai Avniel – painter and sculptor
• Yigal Azrouel – fashion designer
• Ralph Bakshi – animation (director)
• Eyal ben-Moshe (Eyal B) – animator and director
• Tuvia Beeri – printmaker
• Alexander Bogen – painter
• Rhea Carmi – painter
• Yitzhak Danziger – sculptor
• Alber Elbaz – fashion designer
• Ohad Elimelech – artist, director, editor, photographer, animator, lecturer, and graphic designer
• Osnat Elkabir – dancer, artist and theatre direction
• Sharon Eyal – dancer, choreographer
• Gadi Fraiman – sculptor
• Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel – École de Paris painter and sculptor
• Gideon Gechtman – sculptor
• Moshe Gershuni – painter
• Dudu Geva – artist and comic-strip illustrator
• Pinhas Golan – sculptor
• Nachum Gutman – painter
• Israel Hershberg – realist painter
• Shimshon Holzman – painter
• Leo Kahn – painter
• Shmuel Katz – illustrator
• Uri Katzenstein – visual artist
• Dani Karavan – sculptor
• Joseph Kossonogi – painter
• Elyasaf Kowner – video artist
• Sigalit Landau – video, installation, sculpture
• Alex Levac – photographer
• Batia Lishansky – sculptor
• Ranan Lurie – political cartoonist
• Lea Nikel – painter
• Zvi Malnovitzer – painter
• Tamara Musakhanova – sculptor and ceramist
• Mushail Mushailov – painter
• Ilana Raviv – painter
• Leo Roth – painter
• Reuven Rubin – painter
• Hagit Shahal – painter
• David Tartakover – graphic designer
• Anna Ticho – painter
• Igael Tumarkin – sculptor
• Yemima Ergas Vroman – painter, sculptor, installation artist
• Sergey Zagraevsky – painter
• Moshe Ziffer – sculptor

Film, TV, radio, and stage

• Avital Abergel – film and TV actress
• Gila Almagor – actress
• Aviv Alush – actor
• Lior Ashkenazi – actor
• Yvan Attal – actor and director
• Mili Avital – actress
• Aki Avni – actor
• Orna Banai – actress
• Theodore Bikel – actor
• Eddie Carmel, born Oded Ha-Carmeili – actor, singer, and circus sideshow act
• Jason Danino-Holt – television presenter
• Ronit Elkabetz – actress
• David Faitelson – Mexican television sports commentator, born in Israel
• Oded Fehr – actor
• Eytan Fox – director
• Tal Friedman – actor and comedian
• Gal Gadot – actress and model & Miss Israel 2004
• Uri Geller – TV personality, self-proclaimed psychic
• Amos Gitai – director
• Yasmeen Godder – choreographer and dancer
• Arnon Goldfinger – director
• Yael Grobglas – actress
• Shira Haas – actress
• Dana Ivgy – actress
• Michael Karpin – broadcast journalist and author
• Daphna Kastner – actress; married to actor Harvey Keitel
• Nisan Katz – producer and director
• Juliano Mer-Khamis – actor
• Hila Klein – YouTuber of h3h3productions
• Amos Kollek – director and writer
• Dover Kosashvili – director
• Hanna Laslo – actress
• Daliah Lavi – actress
• Inbar Lavi – actress
• Bar Paly – actress and model
• Jonah Lotan – actor
• Rod Lurie – director and film critic
• Arnon Milchan – producer
• Avi Arad – producer and founder of Marvel Studios
• Samuel Maoz – director
• Ohad Naharin – choreographer
• Eyal Podell – actor
• Orna Porat – actress
• Natalie Portman – actress
• Lior Raz – actor and screenwriter
• Ze'ev Revach – actor and comedian
• Agam Rudberg – actress and model
• Avner Strauss – musician
• Haim Saban – TV producer and co-founder of Saban Entertainment
• Elia Suleiman – director
• Alona Tal – actress
• Noa Tishby – actress and producer
• Chaim Topol – actor
• Raviv Ullman – actor
• Yaron London – journalist and television host
• Keren Yedaya – director
• Becky Griffin – television host and model
• Rotem Sela – television host, actress, and model
• Ayelet Zurer – actress
• Odeya Rush – actress and model
• Tomer Capone – actor
• Nuseir Yassin – YouTube vlogger, founder of Nas Daily

Musicians

See main article: List of Israeli musical artists.

Classical composers

• Rami Bar-Niv
• Ofer Ben-Amots
• Paul Ben-Haim
• Avner Dorman
• Dror Elimelech
• Andre Hajdu
• Gilad Hochman
• Mark Kopytman
• Matti Kovler
• Betty Olivero
• Shulamit Ran
• Leon Schidlowsky
• Noam Sheriff
• Gil Shohat
• Josef Tal
• Yitzhak Yedid

Classical musicians

• Moshe Atzmon – conductor
• Daniel Barenboim – conductor and pianist
• Rami Bar-Niv – pianist and composer
• Bart Berman – pianist
• Gary Bertini – conductor
• Natan Brand – pianist
• Yefim Bronfman – pianist
• Ammiel Bushakevitz – pianist
• Giora Feidman – clarinetist
• Ivry Gitlis – violinist
• Matt Haimovitz – cellist
• Alice Herz-Sommer – pianist
• Ofra Harnoy – cellist
• Eliahu Inbal – conductor
• Sharon Kam – clarinetist
• Amir Katz – pianist
• Evgeny Kissin – pianist
• Yoel Levi – conductor
• Mischa Maisky – cellist
• Shlomo Mintz – violinist
• Itzhak Perlman – violinist
• Inbal Segev – cellist
• Gil Shaham – violinist
• Hagai Shaham – violinist
• Michael Shani – conductor
• Edna Stern – pianist
• Yoav Talmi – conductor
• Arie Vardi – pianist
• Maxim Vengerov – violinist, violist, and conductor
• Ilana Vered – pianist
• Pinchas Zukerman – violinist

Popular musicians

• Chava Alberstein – singer-songwriter
• Etti Ankri – singer-songwriter
• Yardena Arazi – singer and TV host
• Shlomo Artzi – singer-songwriter
• Ehud Banai – singer-songwriter
• Abatte Barihun – jazz saxophonist and composer
• Eef Barzelay – founder of Clem Snide
• Netta Barzilai – singer
• Miri Ben-Ari – jazz and hip hop violinist
• Mosh Ben-Ari – singer-songwriter
• Borgore – electronic dance music producer and DJ
• Mike Brant – French-language singer
• David Broza – singer-songwriter
• Matti Caspi – singer, multi-instrumentalist and composer
• Avishai Cohen – jazz bassist
• David D'Or – singer-songwriter
• Arkadi Duchin – singer-songwriter, musical producer
• Arik Einstein – singer, actor, writer
• Gad Elbaz – singer
• Ethnix – pop-rock band
• Rita Yahan-Farouz – singer, actress
• Uri Frost – rock guitarist, producer and director
• Aviv Geffen – singer-songwriter
• Eyal Golan – singer
• Gidi Gov – singer
• Dedi Graucher – Orthodox Jewish singer
• Shlomo Gronich – singer and composer
• Nadav Guedj – singer
• Sarit Hadad – Mizrahi singer
• Victoria Hanna – singer-songwriter
• Ofra Haza – singer
• Dana International – pop singer
• Ishtar – vocalist for Alabina
• Rami Kleinstein – singer-songwriter, composer
• Ehud Manor – songwriter and translator
• Amal Murkus – singer
• Infected Mushroom – musical duo
• Yael Naïm – solo singer/musician
• Ahinoam Nini (Noa) – singer
• Esther Ofarim – singer
• Yehuda Poliker – singer
• Ester Rada – singer
• Idan Raichel – Ethiopian and Israeli music
• Yoni Rechter – composer and arranger
• Ishai Ribo – singer-songwriter
• Berry Sakharof – singer
• Naomi Shemer – songwriter
• Gene Simmons (real name Chaim Weitz) – lead member of KISS
• Hillel Slovak – original guitarist for Red Hot Chili Peppers
• Pe'er Tasi – singer-songwriter
• Ninet Tayeb – pop rock singer and actress
• Hagit Yaso – singer
• Rika Zaraï – singer
• Nir Zidkyahu – drummer, briefly in Genesis
• Zino and Tommy – popular duo, songs in U.S. films
• Eden Ben Zaken – singer
• Noa Kirel – singer and actress

News anchors

• Yonit Levi
• Haim Yavin
• Miki Haimovich
• Ya'akov Eilon
• Yigal Ravid
• Ya'akov Ahimeir

Poets

• Nathan Alterman
• Yehuda Amichai
• Sivan Beskin
• Erez Biton
• Leah Goldberg
• Uri Zvi Greenberg
• Vaan Nguyen
• Dahlia Ravikovich
• Naomi Shemer – songwriter and lyricist
• Avraham Shlonsky
• Avraham Stern
• Abraham Sutzkever
• Yona Wallach
• Nathan Zach
• Zelda

Writers

• Shmuel Yosef Agnon (Shmuel Yosef Halevi Czaczkes) – author, Nobel Prize in Literature (1966)
• Aharon Appelfeld – Prix Médicis étranger (2004)
• Yoni Ben-Menachem – journalist
• Ron Ben-Yishai – journalist
• Nahum Benari – author and playwright
• Max Brod – author, composer and friend of Kafka
• Orly Castel-Bloom – author
• Yehonatan Geffen – author, poet and lyricist
• David Grossman – author
• Batya Gur – author
• Emile Habibi – author
• Amira Hass – journalist and author
• Shmuel Katz – author and journalist
• Etgar Keret – author
• Adi Keissar – poet
• Ephraim Kishon – satirist
• Hanoch Levin – playwright
• Julius Margolin – writer
• Aharon Megged – author
• Sami Michael – author
• Samir Naqqash – author
• Uri Orlev – author, Hans Christian Andersen Award (1996)
• Amos Oz (Amos Klausner) – author and journalist, Goethe Prize (2005)
• Ruchoma Shain – author
• Meir Shalev – author and journalist
• Zeruya Shalev – author
• Moshe Shamir – author, poet
• Mati Shemoelof – poet, editor and journalist
• Lilac Sigan – writer, journalist, and public speaker
• Mordechai Tsanin - journalist, writer
• Chaim Walder – Haredi children's writer
• A.B. Yehoshua – author
• Benny Ziffer – author, journalist and translator

Entrepreneurs

Tech

• Beny Alagem – founder of Packard Bell
• Moshe Bar – founder of XenSource, Qumranet
• Safra Catz – president of Oracle
• Yossi Gross – recipient of almost 600 patents, founder of 27 medical technology companies in Israel and the Chief Technology Office officer of Rainbow Medical.
• Itzik Kotler – founder and CTO of SafeBreach, Information Security Specialist
• Daniel M. Lewin – founder of Akamai Technologies
• Shai Reshef – educational entrepreneur, founder and president of University of the People
• Bob Rosenschein – founder of GuruNet, Answers.com (Israeli-based)
• Gil Schwed – founder of Check Point
• Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans – founders of Zend Technologies (developers of PHP)
• Arik and Yossi Vardi, Yair Goldfinger, Sefi Vigiser and Amnon Amir – founders of Mirabilis (developers of ICQ)
• Zohar Zisapel – co-founder of the RAD Group
• Iftach Ian Amit – co-founder of BeeFence, prominent Hacker and Information Security Practitioner

Other

• • Isaac Perlmutter – chairman and former CEO of Marvel Entertainment Ted, Micky and Shari Arison – founder/owners of Carnival Corporation
• Yossi Dina – pawnbroker
• Dan Gertler – diamond tycoon
• Alec Gores – Israeli-American businessman and investor.
• Eli Hurvitz – head of Teva Pharmaceuticals
• Lev Leviev – diamond tycoon
• Mordecai Meirowitz – inventor of the Mastermind board game
• Aviad Meitar
• Dorrit Moussaieff – Israeli-British businesswoman, entrepreneur, philanthropist and the First Lady of Iceland
• Sammy Ofer – shipping magnate
• Guy Oseary – head of Maverick Records, manager of Madonna
• Itschak Shrem – investor
• Guy Spier – author and investor
• Beny Steinmetz – diamond tycoon
• Stef Wertheimer – industrialist

Fashion models

• Neta Alchimister (female)
• Moran Atias (female)
• Sendi Bar (female)
• Nina Brosh (female)
• Chava Mond (female)
• Pnina Rosenblum (female) – Knesset parliament member for Likud (2005–2006)
• Orly Levy-Abekasis (female) – Knesset parliament member for Likud (2009–) & minister (2020–2021)
• Noa Tishby (female)
• Tami Ben-Ami (female)
• Sharon Ganish (female)
• Maayan Keret (female)
• Michaela Bercu (female)
• Esti Ginzburg (female)
• Yael Shelbia (female)
• Shlomit Malka (female)
• Tahounia Rubel (female)
• Yityish Titi Aynaw (female) – Miss Israel 2013
• Shani Hazan (female) – Miss Israel 2012 at both Miss World 2012 and Miss International 2014
• Raz Meirman (male)
• Michael Lewis (male)
• Agam Rudberg (female)
• Bar Refaeli (female)
• Yael Goldman (female)
• Odeya Rush (female)
• Gal Gadot (female) – Miss Israel 2004
• Avigail Alfatov (female) – Na'art Israel (Miss Israel's runner-up) at Miss Universe 2015
• Miri Bohadana (female) – Na'art Israel (Miss Israel's runner-up)at Miss World 1995
• Anat Zamir (female) – Na'art Israel (Miss Israel's runner-up) at Miss World 1980
• Adi Himelbloy (female)
• Linor Abargil (female) – Miss Israel & Miss World 1998
• Rina Mor (female) – Miss Israel & Miss Universe 1976
• Eli Hanania (male)

Military

• Ron Arad – MIA navigator
• Gabi Ashkenazi – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Yohai Ben-Nun – sixth commander of the Israeli Navy
• Elihu Ben-Onn – Brigadier General, spokesman of the Israel Police
• Eli Cohen – spy
• Moshe Dayan – military leader
• Rafael Eitan – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Gadi Eizenkot – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• David Elazar – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Giora Epstein – combat pilot, modern-day "ace of aces"
• Hoshea Friedman – brigadier general in the IDF
• Uziel Gal – designer of the Uzi submachine gun
• Benny Gantz – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Dan Halutz – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Wolfgang Lotz – spy
• Tzvi Malkhin – Mossad agent, captured Adolf Eichmann
• Eli Marom – former commander of the Israeli Navy
• Yonatan Netanyahu – Sayeret Matkal commando, leader of Operation Entebbe
• Ilan Ramon – astronaut on Columbia flight STS-107
• Gilad Shalit – kidnapped soldier held in Gaza, released in 2011
• Avraham Stern – underground military leader
• Yoel Strick – general
• Israel Tal – general, father of Merkava tank
• Moshe Ya'alon – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Yigael Yadin – Chief of the IDF General Staff

Politicians

See main article: List of Israeli politicians.

• Golda Meir – female Prime Minister of Israel (1969–74)
• Benjamin Netanyahu – prime minister of Israel (1996–99), (2009–); right-wing Likud party chairman
• Naftali Bennett – prime minister of Israel (2021–), leader of The Jewish Home party, minister of economy and minister of religious services (2013–present)
• Ehud Barak – prime minister (1999–2001)
• Menachem Begin – prime minister (1977–83); Nobel Peace Prize (1978)
• David Ben-Gurion – first Prime Minister of Israel (1948–54, 1955–63)
• Yitzhak Ben-Zvi – first elected/second president President of Israel (1952–63)
• Ehud Olmert – prime minister (2006–09); former mayor of Jerusalem
• Yossi Beilin – leader of the Meretz-Yachad party and peace negotiator
• Geula Cohen – politician, activist and "Israel Prize" recipient
• Abba Eban – diplomat and Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel (1966–74)
• Yuli-Yoel Edelstein – speaker of the Knesset
• Uzi Eilam – ex-director of Israel's Atomic Energy Commission
• Effie Eitam – former leader of the National Religious Party, now head of the Renewed Religious National Zionist party
• Levi Eshkol – prime minister (1963–69)
• Chaim Herzog – former president of Israel, first and only Irish-born Israeli President
• Moshe Katsav – president (2000–07), and convicted rapist
• Teddy Kollek – former mayor of Jerusalem
• Pnina Tamano-Shata – Current Member of Knesset for National Unity (Israel)
• Yair Lapid – leader of the Yesh Atid party, minister of finance (2013–March 2015) & minister of foreign affairs
• Yosef Lapid – former leader of the Shinui party
• Amir Ohana – first openly gay right-wing (Likud) member of the Knesset & former minister of justice
• Shimon Peres – President of Israel (2007–2014); prime minister (1984–86, 1995–96); Nobel Peace Prize (1994)
• Yitzhak Rabin – prime minister (1974–77, 1992–95); Nobel Peace Prize (1994) (assassinated November 1995)
• Reuven Rivlin – President of Israel
• Ayelet Shaked – Knesset parliament right-wing member (2013–) & minister (2015–)
• Yitzhak Shamir – prime minister (1983–84, 1986–92)
• Yisrael Yeshayahu Sharabi – former speaker of the Knesset
• Moshe Sharett – prime minister (1954–55)
• Ariel Sharon – prime minister (2001–06)
• Chaim Weizmann – first President of Israel (1949–52)
• Ovadia Yosef – spiritual leader of the Shas party
• Rehavam Zeevi – founder of the Moledet party, Knesset parliament member & minister (assassinated by Palestinians in October 2001)
• Meirav Cohen – minister for social equality & Knesset parliament member (2019–)

Religious figures

Haredi Rabbis

• Yaakov Aryeh Alter Gerrer – Rebbe
• Shlomo Zalman Auerbach
• Yaakov Blau
• Yisroel Moshe Dushinsky – Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)
• Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky – Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)
• Yosef Sholom Eliashiv
• Mordechai Eliyahu – Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel 1983–93, (1929–2010)
• Chaim Kanievsky
• Avraham Yeshayeh Karelitz, Chazon Ish – (1878–1953)
• Nissim Karelitz – Head Justice of Rabbinical Court of Bnei Brak
• Meir Kessler – Chief Rabbi of Modi'in Illit
• Zundel Kroizer – author of Ohr Hachamah
• Dov Landau – rosh yeshiva of Slabodka yeshiva of Bnei Brak
• Yissachar Dov Rokeach – the fifth Belzer rebbe
• Yitzchok Scheiner – rosh yeshiva of Kamenitz yeshiva of Jerusalem
• Elazar Menachem Shach, Rav Shach – (1899–2001)
• Moshe Shmuel Shapira – rosh yeshiva of Be'er Ya'akov
• Dovid Shmidel – Chairman of Asra Kadisha
• Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld – Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)
• Yitzchok Tuvia Weiss – Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)
• Amram Zaks – rosh yeshiva of the Slabodka yeshiva of Bnei Brak
• Ovadia Yosef

Reform Rabbis

• Gilad Kariv

Religious-Zionist Rabbis

• Shlomo Amar – Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel
• David Hartman
• Avraham Yitzchak Kook – pre-state Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of the Land of Israel,^[55] (1865–1935)
• Israel Meir Lau – Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Israel (1993–2003), Chief Rabbi of Netanya (1978–88), (1937–)
• Aharon Lichtenstein
• Yona Metzger – Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Israel
• Shlomo Riskin – Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Efrat

Other

• Yigal Amir – assassin of left-wing prime minister Yitzhak Rabin
• Baruch Goldstein – murderer
• Ami Popper – murderer
• Eden-Nathan Zada – murderer

See also

• List of Israeli Nobel laureates
• List of Israel Prize recipients
• List of people by nationality
• Politics of Israel, List of Knesset members
• Culture of Israel, Music of Israel
• Science and technology in Israel
• List of Hebrew language authors, poets and playwrights
• List of Israeli Arab Muslims
• List of Dutch Israelis
• List of Israeli Druze
• List of notable Ethiopian Jews in Israel
• List of people from Jerusalem
• List of people from Haifa

Related links

• Presidents of Israel
• Prime Ministers of Israel

Notes and References

1. Web site: Statistical Abstract of Israel 2015.
2. News: The World Salutes Four Israeli Scientists . Ynetnews . 5 May 2007 . 2007-05-05. Shir-Raz . Yaffa .
3. Web site: National team player's details: Ben Ami Eyal . The Israel Football Association . December 23, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120921151330/http://eng.football.org.il/NationalTeam/Pages/NationalTeamPlayerDetails.aspx?PLAYER_ID=15677&NATIONAL_TEAM_ID=264 . September 21, 2012 . dead .
4. News: Moshe . Harush . Awat sparks storm with decision to play on Yom Kippur . . September 22, 2006 . July 4, 2008 .
5. News: Or . Spunder . he:הקשר ג'ונתן אסוס מועמד למכבי ת"א . http://www.one.co.il/Article/109149.html . One.co.il . January 24, 2008 . January 28, 2008 . he . קשרה היהודי/צרפתי של ראים מהליגה ה-2 בצרפת עשוי להגיע להתרשמות במכבי. .
6. http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=3230560 "Rapids take home inaugural Rocky Mountain Cup"
7. Web site: The Space Between; Abbas Suan has given Israel hope for the World Cup-and for harmony between Arabs and Jews. Luke Cyphers . 25 November 2008 . ESPN The Magazine . December 20, 2010.
8. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/west-ham/8002909/Avram-Grant-and-Tal-Ben-Haim-set-to-miss-West-Ham-game-for-Jewish-holiday.html "Avram Grant and Tal Ben-Haim set to miss West Ham game for Jewish holiday"
9. Guy Ben-Porat, Amir Ben-Porat. (Un)Bounded Soccer; Globalization and Localization of the Game in Israel . International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 39. 4. 421–36. December 2004 . 10.1177/1012690204049064. 143958510 .
10. Web site: Cohen the surprise package . Marc Iles . The Bolton News. September 30, 2009 . December 20, 2010.
11. News: Shirley . Bar Dayan . he:קאלה טברטקו מגלה: "סבתא שלי יהודיה" . http://www.sport5.co.il/articles.aspx?FolderID=64&docID=8505&lang=he . . July 18, 2006 . July 4, 2008 . he . אני אמנם נוצרי אבל סבתא שלי יהודיה, מהצד של אימא שלי . https://web.archive.org/web/20081011221504/http://www.sport5.co.il/articles.aspx?FolderID=64&docID=8505&lang=he . October 11, 2008 . dead .
12. Book: Welcome to the Terrordome: the pain, politics, and promise of sports. registration . 97 . Ronnie Rosenthal jewish. . Dave Zirin, Chuck D. Haymarket Books . 978-1-931859-41-7 . 2007. December 24, 2010.
13. Web site: Yates . David . Team news from 22 Sep 2007 . The Daily Mirror . September 22, 2007 . December 24, 2010.
14. http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/23490/edition_id/467/format/html/displaystory.html
15. News: Jews (and Mel) on the big screen, Winter sports roundup . Bloom. Nate. Jweekly . January 21, 2010 . May 13, 2010.
16. Web site: Doron Named Jewish Sports Review All-America; Doron continues to excel at the next level in the WNBA . University of Maryland Official Athletic Site . May 10, 2007 . May 25, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120509193529/http://www.umterps.com/sports/w-baskbl/spec-rel/051007aaa.html . May 9, 2012 .
17. Book: Read & Understand Celebrating Diversity Grades 3–4 . Martha Cheney . 1-55799-783-7 . Evan-Moor . 2000 . May 31, 2010 .
18. Web site: Meet the NBA's Israeli-born rookie, a 6'10" forward named T. J. Leaf. Marks. Jon. March 18, 2018. The Times of Israel. February 22, 2020.
19. News: Pennington . Bill . College Basketball–Unrest Worries an Israeli at Cal . . March 17, 2002 . May 31, 2010.
20. News: Popper . Nathaniel . Hoop Dreams: Israeli High-scorer Shoots for the NBA . The Forward. June 11, 2004 . May 31, 2010.
21. Web site: Boxing Champ from Tel Aviv . Jeremy Fine . The Great Rabbino . November 6, 2009 . June 3, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100610102513/http://www.thegreatrabbino.com/2009_11_01_archive.html . June 10, 2010 .
22. News: Gray . Geoffrey . Jewish Boxers Are Looking to Make a Comeback . . December 27, 2003 . May 25, 2010.
23. Book: Yiddishe Mamas: The Truth About the Jewish Mother. Andrews McMeel Publishing. Marnie Winston-Macauley. 978-0-7407-6376-2. 2007 . December 20, 2010.
24. Book: Football for Peace?: The Challenges of Using Sport for Co-Existence in Israel . John Sugden, James Wallis. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. 978-1-84126-181-2. 2007 . December 20, 2010.
25. Book: The Jewish athlete: a nostalgic view. Leible Hershfield. 1980 . June 3, 2010.
26. Web site: Elfman . Lois . Jewish Ice Skaters . The Jewish Ledger . December 8, 2004 . July 1, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120406184654/http://www.jewishledger.com/articles/2004/12/08/news/on_the_cover/news03.txt . April 6, 2012 .
27. News: America's Hottest Jewish Olympic Hopefuls Are To Be Found on the Ice . https://archive.today/20121209102959/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-79273055.html?refid=gnews_1108. dead. December 9, 2012. David Pollack . The Forward. February 8, 2002 . July 1, 2010.
28. http://tamarkatz.com/articles/Jewish%20advocate%20article.pdf "Israeli skates rings around Boston"
29. Book: A Year in Figure Skating . McClelland & Stewart . Beverley Smith, Dan Diamond. 1997. 0-7710-2755-9 . July 1, 2010.
30. Web site: The Tribe goes to Torino: Sketches of Jewish Olympic-Bound Athletes. Bloom. Nate. JWR . February 16, 2006 . July 1, 2010.
31. Web site: Jewish athletes in the Olympics—then and now . Lionel Gaffen and Joe Eskenazi. j. . February 9, 2006 . July 1, 2010.
32. Web site: Feferman . Bob . Maccabiah opens with fanfare in Ramat Gan – JPost – Sports . JPost . 2009-07-13 . 2011-08-02.
33. Book: Day by day in Jewish sports history – Google Books . 2011-08-02. 9781602800137 . Wechsler . Bob . 2008 .
34. http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=12695 "Olympics Ban Wanted"
35. Web site: Zephania Carmel & Lydia Lazarov . International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame . September 28, 2010.
36. Web site: Jews in Sports: Sailing . Jewish Virtual Library . May 25, 2010.
37. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/sailing/7571689.stm "Dempsey misses windsurfing medal"
38. https://archive.today/20120713074930/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/99769140.html?dids=99769140:99769140&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+02,+1993&author=JOEL+GORDIN&pub=Jerusalem+Post&desc=POOLING+THEIR+TALENT&pqatl=google "Pooling their Talent"
39. Web site: Sports in Israel . Jewish Virtual Library . Simon . Griver . June 1999 . December 23, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110726203303/http://dev.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/items/11985.html . July 26, 2011 .
40. News: Litsky . Frank . Ruth Langer Lawrence, 77, Who Boycotted '36 Olympics . 30 October 2018 . New York Times . 1999-06-06 . Frank Litsky.
41. https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/62544619.html?dids=62544619:62544619&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Oct+08%2C+1995&author=HEATHER+CHAIT&pub=Jerusalem+Post&desc=American+%27amphibious+creature%27+dives+right+in&pqatl=google "American 'amphibious creature' dives right in"
42. Web site: Orbach falters in bid for medal. The Jerusalem Post. September 19, 2000. Viva Sarah Press. December 24, 2010. July 12, 2012. https://archive.today/20120712153114/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/60647336.html?dids=60647336:60647336&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Sep+19,+2000&author=VIVA+SARAH+PRESS&pub=Jerusalem+Post&desc=Orbach+falters+in+bid+for+medal&pqatl=google. dead.
43. https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/16397422.html?dids=16397422:16397422&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+20%2C+1996&author=&pub=USA+TODAY+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Synchro+team+strength+wows+Cabinet+members&pqatl=google "Synchro team strength wows Cabinet members"
44. Web site: Jews in Sports: Table Tennis . Jewish Virtual Library. May 25, 2010.
45. Web site: Jews in Sports: Tennis. Jewish Virtual Library . May 25, 2010.
46. http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/PBPB/lib00161,0EAF82F28D65C8B0.html "Evert Fans Haven't Seen Player's Last Wave"
47. Book: Jewish Currents . Morning Freiheit Association. 1980 . June 2, 2010.
48. Web site: Blas . Howard . x . The Jewish Ledger . August 27, 2008 . May 26, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090628113644/http://www.jewishledger.com/articles/2008/08/27/news/news10.txt . June 28, 2009 .
49. Web site: Israeli Immigrants Help Change View of Homeland . Juliaglushko.com . June 2, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110528170742/http://www.juliaglushko.com/scarsdale.php . May 28, 2011 .
50. Book: Baseballs, Basketballs and Matzah Balls: What Sports Can Teach Us about the Jewish Holidays... and Vice Versa. Mitchell Smith. 978-1-4389-1744-3. 2009 . June 2, 2010.
51. Web site: Jews in Sports: Track & Field . Jewish Virtual Library . May 25, 2010.
52. Web site: Keeping the torch lit . Tom Farrey . ESPN . September 5, 2002 . September 28, 2010 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20100217042242/http://espn.go.com/gen/s/2002/0903/1426796.html . February 17, 2010 .
53. Web site: Jews in Sports: Hockey . Jewish Virtual Library. May 25, 2010.
54. Web site: Israeli fighter wins Muaythai World Championship. Viva Sarah Press. Israel21c. May 29, 2016. December 28, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171228234102/https://www.israel21c.org/israeli-fighter-wins-muaythai-world-championship/. December 28, 2017. dead.
55. Even though the State of Israel did not yet exist at the time of his death, he is commonly referred to as the first Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of the State of Israel.