List of Iron Age states explained

The Iron Age is an archaeological age, the last of the three-age system of Old World prehistory.It follows the Bronze Age, in the Ancient Near East beginning c. 1200 BC, and in Europe beginningafter c. 800 BC.It is taken to end with the beginning of Classical Antiquity, in about the 6th century BC, although in Northern Europe, the Germanic Iron Age is taken to last until the beginning of the Viking Age, c. AD 800.

The term "Iron Age" is mostly limited to Europe, the Near East, and the Indian subcontinent, althoughWest Africa also had iron metallurgy, beginning with the Nok culture c. 550 BC and spread by the Bantu expansion.There are also cast iron artefacts in China from about 500 BC, but use of iron was minimal, and the Bronze Age in China is usually extended to the beginning of the classical period (Qin dynasty).

Africa

StateCapital/sTypeExisted
CarthageCarthageKingdom/empire814–146 BC
D'mtYehaKingdom980–650 BC
Kingdom of KushMeroë1070 BC – 350 AD
Third Intermediate Period of EgyptMemphis, Thebes1069–525 BC
New Kingdom of Egypt1550–1069 BC
Land of Punt2400–1069 BC
Nok cultureancient kingdomc. 550 BC – 300 AD

Americas

StateCapital/sTypeExisted
ChacinChavín de Huántar900–250 BC
ChiripaAdulisc. 13th–5th centuries BC
Mixtec civilization1500 BC – 1523 AD
OlmecLa VentaKingdom city states1400–400 BC
Paracas800–100 BC
PukaraPukara1400 BC – 400 AD

Europe

Greece

StateCapital/sTypeExisted
ArcadiaKingdom 1000–743 BC
ArgolisArgosKingdom 1200–379 BC
AthensAthens Kingdom city state1556–683 BC
AthensAthensRepublican city state683–87 BC
BoeotiaThebesKingdom 1100–750 BC
CorinthCorinthCity state700–338 BC
EpirusAmvrakia, Passaron, PhoeniceKingdom 1183–168 BC
LocriaAmphissa, NaupactusKingdom 1250–386 BC
MacedonAigai, PellaKingdom 860–146 BC
MesseniaMesseneKingdom 1300–724 BC
SpartaSpartaKingdom 950–146 BC

Italian Peninsula

StateCapital/sTypeExisted
Alba LongaLaviniumKingdom 1200 – 753 BC
DauniaTribal kingdom 7th century – 89 BC
EpirusAmvrakia, Passaron, PhoeniceKingdom 1183–168 BC
EtruscansVariousKingdom 900–27 BC
LiburniaTribal thalassocracy[1] 11th century – 34 BC
Magna GraeciaVariousKingdom city states740–89 BC
MessapiaHyriaTribal kingdom 8th century – 89 BC
OenotriaMetabonTribal kingdom1000–325 BC
OscansAusonesTribal kingdom1000 – 4th centuries BC
Padanian EtruriaVariousFederated city states9th century – 5th century BC
Kingdom of RomeRomeKingdom 753–509 BC
SabinumTribal kingdomc. 760 – 494 BC
SamniumBovianumTribal confederationc. 600 – 82 BC

Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia

NameCapitalState typeExisted
BactriaBactraTribal kingdom/client2140 – 550 BC
BalharaBalkhTribal kingdom12th century – 7th century BC
ColchisPhasisKingdom1300 BC – 2nd century AD
MargianaTribal kingdom9th century – 6th century BC
ScythiaNeopolisTribal kingdom690 – 250 BC
SogdiaMarakanda Tribal confederation8th century – 327 BC
Jushi Kingdom (Tarim basin)Tribal kingdom city states1st millennium BC

East Asia

NameCapitalState typeExisted
Âu LạcCổ Loa CitadelKingdom257 – 180 BC
BaYíchéngTribal confederation13th century – 311 BC
CaiShàngcài), Xīncài, Xiàcài Marquisate/client980 – 447 BC
CaoTáoqiū Dukedom/client1053 – 487 BC
ChenWǎnqiū Dukedom/client 1046 – 479 BC
ChuDanyang, JiangYing, JiYing, Shouchun, Viscountcy/kingdom/client 1030 – 223 BC
DengDengzhouMarquisate/client1200 – 678 BC
DonghuNomadic tribal confederation1400 – 150 BC
Eastern GuoDengzhouMarquisate/client1046 – 767 BC
GojoseonAsadal, Wanggeom-seongKingdom2333 – 108 BC
GuanGuanKingdom city state1046 – 1040 BC
GumieGumieKingdom 1046 – 480 BC
HanHanchengMarquisate/client1046 – 764 BC
HuangCan'hu, Yicheng, HubeiMarquisate/client 891 – 648 BC
JinTang, Quwo, Jiang, XintianDukedom/client 1042 – 376 BC
Kỷ lineNot specifiedKingdom 853 – 755 BC
LuQufuMarquisate/dukedom/client1042 – 249 BC
PiXuechengEarldom/client1046 – 418 BC
QiQiDukedom1600 – 445 BC
QiLinziDukedom/client 1046 – 221 BC
QinQin, Quanqiu, Qian, Pingyang Marquisate/dukedom/client 858 – 221 BC
QuanDukedom/client 1250 – 704 BC
QuanrongNomadic Tribal Confedracy954 – 301 BC
ShěnShěnEarldom/marquisate1050 – 500 BC
ShuKingdom1046 – 316 BC
SongShangqiuDukedom and vassal 1058 – 286 BC
SuiSuizhouMarquisate and client771 – 221 BC
SumpaTribal chiefdom/client1600 BC – 7th century AD
TanMingshui Viscountcy and vassal 1046 – 684 BC
TengTengzhouViscountcy1046 – 414 BC
Văn LangAnyangConfederation/kingdom2879 – 258 BC
Western GuoYongdi, Shangyang, Xiayang Countship/dukedom1046 – 687 BC
WeyShangqiuDukedom and vassal 1046 – 687 BC
WuGusuDukedom and vassal 1046 – 473 BC
XingXingtaiMarquisate/client1046 – 632 BC
XuGusuViscountacy/client2000 – 512 BC
YanJiKingdom/principality1046 – 222 BC
ZhengZheng, XinzhengKingdom806 – 375 BC
ZhouHaojing, LuoyiKingdom1046 – 256 BC
ZouViscountacy/dukedom1012 – 350 BC

South Asia

NameCapitalState typeExisted
AngaChampa or CampāKingdom 1100 – 530 BC
AsmakaPotanaKingdom 700 – 425/345 BC
AvantiMahissati, Ujjaini Kingdom 700 – 300 BC
ĀryāvartaMultipleConfederated tribal kingdoms1750 – 600 BC
ChediSuktimati Kingdom 1200 – 300 BC
CholaUraiyur/KaveripoompattinamKingdom 600 – 110 BC
HimalayaKingdom600 – 322 BC
KalingaDantapura/Rajapura[2] Kingdom1376 – 285 BC
KambojaRajapuraKingdom1450 – 195 BC
KuruĀsandīvat, IndraprasthaKingdom 1200 – 500 BC
MagadhaRajagriha or Rajgir Kingdom1100 – 28 BC
MallaKusavati, PavaRepublic–
MatsyaViratanagaraKingdom1400 – 350 BC
PanchalaAhichatra, KampilyaKingdom, later republic1100 – 400 BC
PandyaMaduraiKingdom 600 BC – 1600 AD
PundraPundravardhanaKingdom 1300 BC – 550 AD
SaurashtraKingdom950 – 355 BC
ShakyaKapilavatthu Monarchical Republic7th–5th century BC
Sindhu-SauvīraVrsadarbhpuraKingdom1000 – 518 BC
Suhmanot specifiedKingdomc. 8th century – 4th century BC
SurasenaMethoraKingdom700 – 300 BC
TrigartaPrasthalaKingdom1100 – 322 BC
VangaGangeKingdom700 – 300 BC
VatsaKauśāmbīKingdom1100 – 323 BC
VidarbhaKundinapuriKingdom1200 – 322 BC
Vajjika LeagueVaishaliConfederacy –

West Asia

Anatolia

NameCapitalState typeExisted
ArzawaApasa Federation15th – 12th century BC
Arme-ShupriaVanKingdom1290 – 1190 BC
CariaApasaKingdom11th–6th century BC
DiauehiZua, UltuKingdom1118 – 760 BC
DorisDorisKingdom1200 – 580 BC
Hittite EmpireHattussaEmpire1600 – 1178 BC
IoniaDelosKingdom city states1070 – 545 BC
LukkaTribal kingdom2000 – 1183 BC
LyciaXanthos, PataraKingdom1183 – 546 BC
LydiaSardisKingdom1200 – 680 BC
Lydian EmpireSardisEmpire680 – 546 BC
MysiaPergameneKingdom1320 – 301 BC[3]
PaphlagoniaGangraKingdom1480 – 183 BC[4]
PhrygiaKingdom1200 – 700 BC
Sam'alSamalPrincipality/kingdom1200 – 680 BC
Syro-Hittite statesVariousKingdoms1200–800 BC
TabalKanesh Kingdom 1180 – 609 BC
TarhuntassaTarhuntassaKingdom 1350 – 1200 BC
TroasTroyKingdom 3000 – 700 BC
TuwanuwaTuwanuwaKingdom city state1000 – 700 BC
ZabdicenePrincipality/client780 BC – 5th century AD

Arabia

NameCapitalState typeExisted
DilmunQal'atKingdom2600 – 675 BC
MaganKingdom2200 – 550 BC
QedarAdumattuTribal confederation/client870 BC – 250 AD
ThamudHegeaKingdom 8th century – 500 BC

Armenian Plateau

NameCapitalState typeExisted
NairiMultipleTribal confederation1190 – 890 BC
SapardaKingdom 720 – 670 BC
Arzashkun, TushpaKingdom 860 – 590 BC

Iranian Plateau

NameCapitalState typeExisted
Elamite EmpireSusaEmpire1210 – 535 BC
EllipiKingdom850 – 609 BC
ḪubuškiaKingdom10th/9th century–??? BC
MannaiIzirtu Kingdom1110 – 616 BC
MediaEcbatanaKingdom750 – 678 BC
Median EmpireEcbatanaEmpire678 – 549 BC
NamarNamarKingdom2350 – 750 BC
ParsuaTribal chiefdom/kingdom[5] 860 – 600 BC
PersisTribal kingdom 10th century – 550 BC
ZikirtiKingdom750 – 521 BC

Levant

NameCapitalState typeExisted
AmmonRabbath Ammon Kingdom1000 – 332 BC
Amurru kingdomSumurKingdom2000–1200 BC
Aram-DamascusDamascusKingdom1184 – 732 BC
ArameaTribal chiefdom's/kingdom2300 – 700 BC
BashanBashanConfederation1330 – 928 BC
EdomRabbath Ammon Kingdom1200 – 125 BC
Twelve Tribes of IsraelTribal confederation1440 – 1050 BC
United Monarchy of IsraelJerusalemUnited Kingdom1050 – 930 BC
IsraelSamariaKingdom930 – 720 BC
JudahJerusalem Kingdom930 – 586 BC
MoabDibonKingdom13th century – 400 BC
PhilistiaAshdod, Ekron, GazaKingdom city states1175 – 732 BC
PhoeniciaByblos, Tyre, Berytus, SidonKingdom city states1800 – 539 BC

Mesopotamia

NameCapitalState typeExisted
AssyriaAssurKingdom1975 – 934 BC
Assyrian EmpireAssur, Nineveh, HarranEmpire911 – 612 BC
Bit-IstarKingdom12th century – 710 BC
ChaldeaBit YakinKingdom1100 – 539 BC
LullubiLulubunaTribal kingdom2400 – 650 BC
Neo-Babylonian EmpireBabylonEmpire626 – 539 BC
SimurrumKingdom3rd–2nd millennium BC

Yemen

NameCapitalState typeExisted
AwsanḤajar Yaḥirr Kingdom7th century BC – 100 AD
HadhramautKingdom 700 BC – 320 AD
HaramHaramKingdom city state600 – 175 BC
SabaeaMa'ribKingdom 1100 – 275 BC

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: State definiation. 2014. Collins Dictionary. 5 June 2014.
  2. Web site: Far East Kingdoms, South Asia. 2014. The History Files. 13 March 2014.
  3. Web site: Kingdoms of Anatolia. 2014. The History Files. 31 May 2014.
  4. Web site: Middle East Kingdoms Ancient Anatolia. 2014. The History Files. 20 April 2014.
  5. Web site: Eduljee. K D. Zoroastrian Heritage The Zagros. 2012. The Heritage Site. 9 April 2014.

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