List of Indianapolis 500 winners explained

The Indianapolis 500 (also called the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race)^[1] is an annual American open-wheel car race held on American Memorial Day weekend at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS), in Speedway, Indiana.^[2] It was first held in 1911 after the track's owners had experimented with several other long-distances auto races over the previous two years. The race was not held in 1917 or 1918 and again from 1942 to 1945 because of war. It was administered by the American Automobile Association between 1911 and 1955, then by the United States Auto Club from 1956 to 1997, and finally by the Indy Racing League/IndyCar beginning in 1998.^[3] The event usually covers 200 laps over a total distance of 500miles. Each winning racer and team is presented with a small replica of the Art Deco sterling silver Borg-Warner Trophy,^[4] a replica of the pace car,^[5] a large sum of money,^[6] and a championship ring as prizes for winning the race.^[7] In the 107 editions of the Indianapolis 500 that have occurred as of the 2023 event, 75 different drivers have won.

A. J. Foyt, Al Unser, Rick Mears, and Hélio Castroneves share the record for the most victories with four each.^[8] Troy Ruttman and Unser are the youngest and oldest Indianapolis 500 winners, winning at the ages of 22 years and 80 days in 1952 and 47 years and 360 days in 1987, respectively.^[9] Juan Pablo Montoya holds the record for the longest period of time between two victories – 15 years between the 2000 and 2015 races.^[10] Castroneves holds the record for the longest span of wins. He won his first Indianapolis 500 in 2001 and his last (as of 2024) in 2021, a span of 20 years.^[11] It has been won by drivers from 11 different countries. A total of 55 American drivers have won 77 editions of the race, more than any other nationality. The winner of the first race was American racer Ray Harroun in 1911, and the most recent winner is American racer Josef Newgarden in 2024.Two editions of the Indianapolis 500, in 1924 and 1941, were won by two drivers sharing a car;^[12] relief drivers were used in the winning entries in 1911, 1912, 1923, and 1925, but they are not recognized as race winners. Team Penske has won the most races as a car entrant with 20 since their first in 1972.^[1]

By year

(R)

Indicates winning driver was an Indianapolis 500 rookie
	Indicates race was ended early by rain
	Indicates driver was national open-wheel champion that year

Key

Icon	Maker
	BFGoodrich
	Firestone
	Goodyear
	Michelin
	Palmer Cord

Year!scope=col rowspan="2"

Date	scope=col colspan="2" rowspan="2"	Driver	scope=col rowspan="2"		scope=col rowspan="2"	Team	scope=col rowspan="2"		scope=col rowspan="2"	Tire	scope=colgroup colspan="4"	Distance	scope=colgroup colspan="2"	Speed	scope=col rowspan="2" class="unsortable"
1911		(R)		32	Nordyke & Marmon Company	Marmon Wasp		200	500	800	6:42:08.000	74.602	120.060	^[13]
1912				8	National Motor Vehicle Company	National		200	500	800	6:21:06.000	78.719	126.686	^[14]
1913		(R)		16	Peugeot	Peugeot L76		200	500	800	6:35:05.000	75.933	122.202	^[15]
1914		(R)		16	Louis Delâge Company	Delage		200	500	800	6:03:45.990	82.474	132.729	^[16]
1915				2	E. C. Patterson	Mercedes		200	500	800	5:33:55.510	89.840	144.583	^[17]
1916				17	Peugeot Auto Racing	Peugeot		120	300	480	3:34:17.000	84.001	135.187	^[18]
1917–1918
1919				3	Indianapolis Speedway Team	Peugeot		200	500	800	5:40:32.870	88.050	141.703	^[19]
1920				4	William Small Company	Frontenac		200	500	800	5:38:32.000	88.618	142.617	^[20]
1921				2	Louis Chevrolet	Frontenac		200	500	800	5:34:44.650	89.621	144.231	^[21]
1922				35	Jimmy Murphy	Duesenberg-Miller		200	500	800	5:17:30.790	94.484	152.057	^[22]
1923				1	H. C. S. Motor Company	Miller		200	500	800	5:29:50.170	90.954	146.376	^[23]
1924				15	Duesenberg	Duesenberg		200	500	800	5:05:23.210	98.234	158.092	^[24]
1925				12	Duesenberg	Duesenberg		200	500	800	4:56:39.470	101.127	162.748	^[25]
1926		(R)		15	Pete Kreis	Miller		160	400	640	4:10:14.950	95.904	154.343	^[26]
1927		(R)		32	William S. White	Duesenberg		200	500	800	5:07:33.080	97.545	156.983	^[27]
1928				14	Alden Sampson II	Miller		200	500	800	5:01:33.750	99.482	160.101	^[28]
1929				2	M. A. Yagle	Miller		200	500	800	5:07:25.420	97.585	157.048	^[29]
1930				4	Harry Hartz	Summers-Miller		200	500	800	4:58:39.720	100.448	161.655	^[30]
1931				23	B. L. Schneider	Stevens-Miller		200	500	800	5:10:27.930	96.629	155.509	^[31]
1932				34	Harry Hartz	Wetteroth-Miller		200	500	800	4:48:03.790	104.144	167.604	^[32]
1933				36	Louis Meyer	Miller		200	500	800	4:48:00.750	104.162	167.632	^[33]
1934				7	H. C. Henning	Miller		200	500	800	4:46:05.200	104.863	168.761	^[34]
1935				5	Kelly Petillo	Wetteroth-Offenhauser		200	500	800	4:42:22.710	106.240	170.977	^[35]
1936				8	Louis Meyer	Stevens-Miller		200	500	800	4:35:03.390	109.069	175.530	^[36]
1937				6	Wilbur Shaw	Shaw-Offenhauser		200	500	800	4:24:07.800	113.580	182.789	^[37]
1938				23	Lou Moore	Wetteroth-Miller		200	500	800	4:14:58.400	117.200	188.615	^[38]
1939				2	Boyle Racing Headquarters	Maserati 8CTF		200	500	800	4:20:47.490	115.035	185.131	^[39]
1940				1	Boyle Racing Headquarters	Maserati 8CTF		200	500	800	4:22:31.170	114.277	183.911	^[40]
1941				16	Lou Moore	Wetteroth-Offenhauser		200	500	800	4:20:36.240	115.117	185.263	^[41]
1942–1945														^[42]
1946				16	Thorne Engineering	Adams-Sparks		200	500	800	4:21:16.700	114.820	184.785	^[43]
1947				27	Lou Moore	Diedt-Offenhauser		200	500	800	4:17:52.170	116.338	187.228	^[44]
1948				3	Lou Moore	Diedt-Offenhauser		200	500	800	4:10:23.330	119.814	192.822	^[45]
1949				7	Lou Moore	Diedt-Offenhauser		200	500	800	4:07:15.970	121.327	195.257	^[46]
1950				1	Kurtis Kraft	Kurtis-Offenhauser		138	345	555	2:46:55.970	124.002	199.561	^[47]
1951				99	Murrell Belanger	Kurtis-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:57:38.050	126.244	203.170	^[48]
1952				98	J. C. Agajanian	Kuzma-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:52:41.880	128.922	207.479	^[49]
1953				14	Howard B. Keck	Kurtis KK500A-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:53:01.690	128.740	207.186	^[50]
1954				14	Howard B. Keck	Kurtis KK500A-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:49:17.270	130.840	210.566	^[51]
1955				6	John Zink	Kurtis KK500D-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:53:59.530	128.209	206.332	^[52]
1956				8	John Zink	Watson-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:53:28.840	128.490	206.784	^[53]
1957				9	George Salih	Salih-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:41:14.250	135.601	218.228	^[54]
1958				1	George Salih	Salih-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:44:13.800	133.791	215.315	^[55]
1959				5	Leader Cards	Watson-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:40:49.200	135.857	218.640	^[56]
1960				4	Ken-Paul	Watson-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:36:11.360	138.767	223.323	^[57]
1961				1	Bignotti-Bowes Racing	Trevis-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:35:37.490	139.130	223.908	^[58]
1962				3	Leader Cards	Watson-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:33:50.330	140.293	225.780	^[59]
1963				98	J. C. Agajanian	Watson-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:29:35.400	143.137	230.357	^[60]
1964				1	Ansted-Thompson Racing	Watson-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:23:35.830	147.350	237.137	^[61]
1965				82	Team Lotus	Lotus 38-Ford		200	500	800	3:19:05.340	150.686	242.506	^[62]
1966		(R)		24	Mecom Racing Team	Lola T90-Ford		200	500	800	3:27:52.530	144.317	232.256	^[63]
1967	–31			14	Ansted-Thompson Racing	Coyote-Ford		200	500	800	3:18:24.220	151.207	243.000	^[64]
1968				3	Leader Cards	Eagle 68-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:16:13.760	152.882	246.040	^[65]
1969				2	STP Corporation	Brawner Hawk Mk III-Ford		200	500	800	3:11:14.710	156.867	252.453	^[66]
1970				2	Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing	Colt 70-Ford		200	500	800	3:12:37.040	155.749	250.654	^[67]
1971				1	Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing	Colt 71-Ford		200	500	800	3:10:11.560	157.735	253.850	^[68]
1972				66	Roger Penske Enterprises	McLaren M16B-Offenhauser		200	500	800	3:04:05.540	162.962	262.262	^[69]
1973	–30			20	Patrick Racing Team	Eagle 73-Offenhauser		133	333	536	2:05:26.590	159.036	255.944	^[70]
1974				3	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing			200	500	800	3:09:10.060	158.589	255.224	^[71]
1975				48	All American Racers	Eagle 75-Offenhauser		174	435	700	2:54:55.080	149.213	240.135	^[72]
1976				2	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M16E-Offenhauser		102	255	410	1:42:52.480	148.725	239.350	^[73]
1977				14	A. J. Foyt Enterprises	Coyote-Foyt		200	500	800	3:05:57.160	161.331	259.637	^[74]
1978				2	Chaparral Racing	Lola T500-Cosworth		200	500	800	3:05:54.990	161.363	259.689	^[75]
1979				9	Penske Racing	Penske PC6-Cosworth		200	500	800	3:08:47.970	158.899	255.723	^[76]
1980				4	Chaparral Racing	Chaparral 2K-Cosworth		200	500	800	3:29:59.560	142.862	229.914	^[77]
1981				3	Penske Racing	Penske PC9B-Cosworth		200	500	800	3:35:41.780	139.084	223.834	^[78]
1982				20	Patrick Racing Team	Wildcat Mk8B-Cosworth		200	500	800	3:05:09.140	162.029	260.760	^[79]
1983				5	Bignotti-Cotter	March 83C-Cosworth		200	500	800	3:05:03.066	162.117	260.902	^[80]
1984				6	Penske Cars	March 84C-Cosworth		200	500	800	3:03:21.660	163.612	263.308	^[81]
1985				5	Penske Cars	March 85C-Cosworth		200	500	800	3:16:06.069	152.982	246.201	^[82]
1986				3	Truesports	March 86C-Cosworth		200	500	800	2:55:43.480	170.722	274.750	^[83]
1987				25	Penske Racing	March 86C-Cosworth		200	500	800	3:04:59.147	162.175	260.995	^[84]
1988				5	Penske Racing	Penske PC-17-Chevrolet		200	500	800	3:27:10.204	144.809	233.047	^[85]
1989				20	Patrick Racing	Penske PC-18-Chevrolet		200	500	800	2:59:01.040	167.581	269.695	^[86]
1990				30	Doug Shierson Racing	Lola T90/00-Chevrolet		200	500	800	2:41:18.404	185.981	299.307	^[87]
1991				3	Penske Racing	Penske PC-20-Chevrolet		200	500	800	2:50:00.791	176.457	283.980	^[88]
1992				3	Galles-Kraco Racing	Galmer G92-Chevrolet		200	500	800	3:43:05.148	134.477	216.420	^[89]
1993				4	Penske Racing	Penske PC-22-Chevrolet		200	500	800	3:10:49.860	157.207	253.000	^[90]
1994				31	Penske Racing	Penske PC-23-Mercedes-Benz		200	500	800	3:06:29.006	160.872	258.898	^[91]
1995				27	Team Green	Reynard 95I-Ford		200	500	800	3:15:17.561	153.616	247.221	^[92]
1996				91	Hemelgarn Racing	Reynard 95I-Ford		200	500	800	3:22:45.753	147.956	238.112	^[93]
1997	–27			5	Treadway Racing	G-Force GF01-Oldsmobile Aurora		200	500	800	3:25:43.388	145.827	234.685	^[94]
1998				51	Team Cheever	Dallara IR7-Oldsmobile Aurora		200	500	800	3:26:40.524	145.155	233.604	^[95]
1999				14	A. J. Foyt Enterprises	Dallara IR7-Oldsmobile Aurora		200	500	800	3:15:51.182	153.176	246.513	^[96]
2000		(R)		9	Chip Ganassi Racing	G-Force GF05-Oldsmobile Aurora		200	500	800	2:58:59.431	167.607	269.737	^[97]
2001		(R)		68	Team Penske	Dallara IR-01-Oldsmobile Aurora		200	500	800	3:31:54.180	141.574	227.841	^[98]
2002				3	Team Penske	Dallara IR-02-Chevrolet		200	500	800	3:00:10.8714	166.499	267.954	^[99]
2003				6	Team Penske	Panoz G-Force GF09-Toyota		200	500	800	3:11:56.9891	156.291	251.526	^[100]
2004				15	Rahal Letterman Racing	Panoz G-Force GF09-Honda		180	450	720	3:14:55.2395	138.518	222.923	^[101]
2005				26	Andretti Green Racing	Dallara IR-03-Honda		200	500	800	3:10:21.0769	157.603	253.637	^[102]
2006				6	Team Penske	Dallara IR-03-Honda		200	500	800	3:10:58.7590	157.085	252.804	^[103]
2007				27	Andretti Green Racing	Dallara IR-05-Honda		166	415	668	2:44:03.5608	151.774	244.257	^[104]
2008				9	Chip Ganassi Racing	Dallara IR-05-Honda		200	500	800	3:28:57.6792	143.567	231.049	^[105]
2009				3	Team Penske	Dallara IR-05-Honda		200	500	800	3:19:34.6427	150.318	241.913	^[106]
2010				10	Chip Ganassi Racing	Dallara IR-05-Honda		200	500	800	3:05:37.0131	161.623	260.107	^[107]
2011				98	Bryan Herta Autosport	Dallara IR-05-Honda		200	500	800	2:56:11.7267	170.265	274.015	^[108]
2012				50	Chip Ganassi Racing	Dallara DW12-Honda		200	500	800	2:58:51.2532	167.734	269.942	^[109]
2013				11	KV Racing Technology	Dallara DW12-Chevrolet		200	500	800	2:40:03.4181	187.433	301.644	^[110]
2014				28	Andretti Autosport	Dallara DW12-Honda		200	500	800	2:40:48.2305	186.563	300.244	^[111]
2015				2	Team Penske	Dallara DW12-Chevrolet		200	500	800	3:05:56.5286	161.341	259.653	^[112]
2016		(R)		98	Andretti Herta Autosport w/ Curb-Agajanian	Dallara DW12-Honda		200	500	800	3:00:02.0872	166.634	268.171	^[113]
2017				26	Andretti Autosport	Dallara DW12-Honda		200	500	800	3:13:03.3584	155.395	250.084	^[114]
2018				12	Team Penske	Dallara DW12-Chevrolet		200	500	800	2:59:42.6365	166.935	268.656	^[115]
2019				22	Team Penske	Dallara DW12-Chevrolet		200	500	800	2:50:39.2797	175.794	282.913	^[116]
2020				30	Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing	Dallara DW12-Honda		200	500	800	3:10:05.0880	157.824	253.993	^[117]
2021				06	Meyer Shank Racing	Dallara DW12-Honda		200	500	800	2:37:19.3846	190.690	306.886	^[118]
2022				8	Chip Ganassi Racing	Dallara DW12-Honda		200	500	800	2:51:00.6432	175.428	282.324	^[119]
2023				2	Team Penske	Dallara DW12-Chevrolet		200	500	800	2:58:21.9611	168.193	270.680	^[120]
2024				2	Team Penske	Dallara DW12-Chevrolet		200	500	800	2:58:49.4079	167.763	269.988	^[121]

By driver

Multiple victories by driver

Driver	Wins	Years
	4	1961, 1964, 1967, 1977
		1970, 1971, 1978, 1987
		1979, 1984, 1988, 1991
		2001, 2002, 2009, 2021
	3	1928, 1933, 1936
		1937, 1939, 1940
		1941, 1947, 1948
		1974, 1976, 1980
		1968, 1975, 1981
		2007, 2010, 2012
	2	1921, 1923
		1953, 1954
		1959, 1962
		1973, 1982
		1989, 1993
		1992, 1994
		1990, 1997
		2005, 2011
		2000, 2015
		2017, 2020
		2023, 2024

By driver nationality

List of races won, by nationality of driver

scope=col	Rank	scope=col	Licence	scope=col		scope=col
1	United States	78	55
2	United Kingdom	8	5
3	Brazil	8	4
4	France	3	3
5	Sweden	2	2
align=center rowspan="3"	6	Colombia	2	1
Japan	2	1
Netherlands	2	1
align=center rowspan=3	9	Australia	1	1
Canada	1	1
New Zealand	1	1

By team

Teams by number of Indianapolis 500s won

Teams		Year(s)
Team Penske	20	1972, 1979, 1981, 1984–1985, 1987–1988, 1991, 1993–1994, 2001–2003, 2006, 2009, 2015, 2018–2019, 2023-2024
Andretti Autosport	6	1995, 2005, 2007, 2014, 2016–2017
Lou Moore	5	1938, 1941, 1947–1949
Chip Ganassi Racing	2000, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2022
Leader Cards Racing	3	1959, 1962, 1968
Patrick Racing	1973, 1982, 1989
A. J. Foyt Enterprises	1967, 1977, 1999
Peugeot Auto Racing Company	2	1913, 1916
Duesenberg Automobile & Motors Company	1924, 1925
Harry Hartz	1930, 1932
Louis Meyer	1933, 1936
Boyle Racing Headquarters	1939, 1940
Howard B. Keck	1953, 1954
John Zink	1955, 1956
George Salih
J. C. Agajanian	1952, 1963
Ansted-Thompson Racing	1964, 1967
Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing	1970, 1971
McLaren	1974, 1976
Chaparral Cars	1978, 1980
Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing	2004, 2020
Nordyke & Marmon Company	1	1911
National Motor Vehicle Company	1912
Louis Delâge Company	1914
E.C. Patterson	1915
Indianapolis Speedway Team	1919
William Small Company
Louis Chevrolet	1921
Jimmy Murphy	1922
H.C.S. Motor Company	1923
Pete Kreis	1926
William S. White	1927
Alden Sampson II	1928
M. A. Yagle	1929
B. L. Schneider	1931
H. C. Henning	1934
Kelly Petillo	1935
Wilbur Shaw	1937
Thorne Engineering	1946
Kurtis Kraft	1950
Murrell Belanger	1951
Ken-Paul	1960
Bignotti-Bowes Racing	1961
Team Lotus	1965
Mecom Racing Team	1966
STP Corporation	1969
All American Racers	1975
Bignotti-Cotter	1983
Truesports	1986
Doug Shierson Racing	1990
Galles-Kraco Racing	1992
Hemelgarn Racing	1996
Treadway Racing	1997
Team Cheever	1998
Bryan Herta Autosport	2011
KV Racing Technology	2013
Meyer Shank Racing	2021

By chassis make

Chassis makes by Indianapolis 500 victories

Make		Year(s)
Dallara	24	1998–2002, 2005–2024
Penske	7	1979, 1981, 1988–1989, 1991, 1993–1994
Miller	6	1923, 1926, 1928–1929, 1933–1934
A. J. Watson		1956, 1959–1960, 1962–1964
Kurtis Kraft	5	1950–1951, 1953–1955
March		1983–1987
Duesenberg	4	1922, 1924, 1925, 1927
Wetteroth		1932, 1935, 1938, 1941
Panoz		1997, 2000, 2003–2004
Peugeot	3	1913, 1916, 1919
Diedt		1947–1949
Eagle		1968, 1973, 1975
McLaren		1972, 1974, 1976
Lola		1966, 1978, 1990
Frontenac	2	1920–1921
Stevens		1931, 1936
Maserati		1939–1940
Salih		1957–1958
Colt		1970–1971
Coyote		1967, 1977
Reynard		1995–1996
Marmon Motor Car Company	1	1911
National		1912
Delage		1914
Mercedes		1915
Summers		1930
Shaw		1937
Adams		1946
Kuzma		1952
Trevis		1961
Lotus		1965
Brawner Hawk		1969
Chaparral		1980
Wildcat		1982
Galmer		1992

By engine make

Engine manufacturers by number of Indianapolis 500s won^[122]

Manufacturer		Year(s)
Offenhauser	27	1935, 1937, 1941, 1947–1964, 1968, 1972–1976
Honda	15	2004–2012, 2014, 2016–2017, 2020–2022
Chevrolet	13	1988–1993, 2002, 2013, 2015, 2018–2019, 2023-2024
Miller	12	1922–1923, 1926, 1928–1934, 1936, 1938
Cosworth	10	1978–1987
Ford	8	1965–1967, 1969–1971, 1995–1996
Oldsmobile	5	1997–2001
Peugeot	3	1913, 1916, 1919
Duesenberg		1924–1925, 1927
Frontenac	2	1920–1921
Maserati		1939–1940
Mercedes-Benz		1915, 1994
Marmon	1	1911
National		1912
Delage		1914
Sparks		1946
Foyt		1977
Toyota		2003

By tire make

Indianapolis 500 victories by tire manufacturer

Rank	Manufacturer		Wins	Year(s)
1		Firestone	75	1911, 1913, 1920–1966, 1969–1971, 1996–1997, 2000–2024
2		Goodyear	29	1919, 1967–1968, 1972–1995, 1998–1999
3		BFGoodrich	2	1915–1916
4		Michelin	1	1912
		Palmer Cord Tyres	1	1914

Notes and References

1. Web site: Davidson . Donald . Donald Davidson (historian). June 2021 . 1994 . Indianapolis 500-Mile Race . https://web.archive.org/web/20220526022736/https://indyencyclopedia.org/indianapolis-500-mile-race/ . May 26, 2022 . December 16, 2022 . Encyclopedia of Indianapolis.
2. Encyclopedia: Augustyn. Adam. C. Shepherd. Melinda. Chauhan. Yamini. Levy. Michael. Lotha. Gloria. Tikkanen. Amy. Indianapolis 500. live. August 11, 2021. Encyclopædia Britannica. April 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190417164958/https://www.britannica.com/sports/Indianapolis-500.
3. Web site: Cavin. Curt. January 27, 2020. Track Talk: The Greatest Spectacle in Racing. live. August 11, 2021. IndyCar Series. August 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210811132721/https://www.indycar.com/news/2020/01/01-27-track-talk-indy-500.
4. Web site: Malsher-Lopez. David. May 25, 2021. How did the Indy 500's Borg-Warner Trophy become an icon?. live. August 11, 2021. Motorsport.com. August 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210811081038/https://www.motorsport.com/indycar/news/indy-500-trophy-borg-warner/6515718/?nrt=86.
5. Web site: June 18, 2020 . 1953 Ford Sunliner Pace Car . https://web.archive.org/web/20210419124244/https://www.thehenryford.org/explore/blog/1953-ford-sunliner-pace-car/ . April 19, 2021 . January 10, 2023 . The Henry Ford.
6. Web site: Indianapolis 500 Winning Drivers: Total Purse & Winner's Share . https://archive.today/20221226064919/https://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/events/indy500/history/historical-stats/driver-stats/race-winners/purse-winners-share . December 26, 2022 . December 26, 2022 . Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
7. News: Scott . Jonathan . May 25, 2012 . Dan Wheldon's Widow Receives His Winner's Ring . . December 13, 2012 . https://archive.today/20221213171642/https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/arts-and-culture/sports/dan-wheldons-widow-receives-his-winners-ring . December 13, 2022. News: Ayello . Jim . May 3, 2017 . Alexander Rossi accepts Indianapolis 500 winner's ring . . live . December 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190301160444/https://www.indystar.com/story/sports/motor/2017/05/03/alexander-rossi-accepts-indianapolis-500-winners-ring/101249024/ . March 1, 2019.
8. Web site: Most Indianapolis 500 Wins. live. August 11, 2021. Guinness World Records. August 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210814053902/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-indianapolis-500-wins.
9. Web site: Hiaslop. Todd. Indy 500 winners: A complete list of all-time race champions, records, most wins. Sporting News. May 31, 2021. August 11, 2021. August 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210811132721/https://www.sportingnews.com/us/athletics/news/indy-500-winners-list-records-most-wins/qbfg113aik2v1nt487z36h3un. live.
10. News: Fryer . Jenna . May 25, 2015 . Montoya wins Indy 500 . . . live . August 11, 2021 . https://archive.today/20210811123457/https://www.heraldtribune.com/article/LK/20150525/News/605198267/SH . August 11, 2021.
11. Web site: Driver Records & Milestones – Victories. Indianapolis Motor Speedway. May 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20221005031328/https://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/events/indy500/history/driver-records-milestones/race-milestones. October 5, 2022.
12. News: November 28, 2017. Borg-Warner Trophy heading for Japan. Autoweek. August 12, 2021. August 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210812191747/https://www.autoweek.com/racing/indycar/a1835986/borg-warner-trophy-heading-japan/. live.
13. Web site: 1911 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085746/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1911-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1911 International 500. live. August 7, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428014009/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1911-05/UO/.
14. Web site: 1912 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085829/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1912-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1912 International 500. live. August 7, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428143709/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1912_International_500/UO/.
15. Web site: 1913 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085820/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1913-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1913 International 500. live. August 7, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428144925/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1913_International_500/UO/.
16. Web site: 1914 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085810/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1914-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1914 International 500. live. August 7, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428151514/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1914_International_500/UO/.
17. Web site: 1915 Indianapolis 500 – Round 9. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085821/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1915-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1915 International 500. live. August 7, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150147/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1915_International_500/UO/.
18. Web site: 1916 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085722/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1916-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1916 International 300. live. August 7, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150147/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1916_International_300/UO/.
19. Web site: 1919 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085829/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1919-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1919 Liberty 500. live. August 7, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142218/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1919_Liberty_500/UO/.
20. Web site: 1920 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085747/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1920-indianapolis-500/.
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21. Web site: 1921 Indianapolis 500 – Round 12. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085747/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1921-indianapolis-500/.
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22. Web site: 1922 Indianapolis 500 – Round 11. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085849/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1922-indianapolis-500/.
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23. Web site: 1923 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085649/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1923-indianapolis-500/.
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24. Web site: 1924 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085837/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1924-indianapolis-500/.
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25. Web site: 1925 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 7, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085715/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1925-indianapolis-500/.
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26. Web site: 1926 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085851/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1926-indianapolis-500/.
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27. Web site: 1927 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085935/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1927-indianapolis-500/.
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28. Web site: 1928 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085945/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1928-indianapolis-500/.
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29. Web site: 1929 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085649/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1929-indianapolis-500/.
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30. Web site: 1930 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085813/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1930-indianapolis-500/.
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31. Web site: 1931 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085831/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1931-indianapolis-500/.
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32. Web site: 1932 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085746/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1932-indianapolis-500/.
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33. Web site: 1933 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085756/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1933-indianapolis-500/.
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34. Web site: 1934 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085832/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1934-indianapolis-500/.
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35. Web site: 1935 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085736/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1935-indianapolis-500/.
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36. Web site: 1936 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085744/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1936-indianapolis-500/.
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37. Web site: 1937 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085947/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1937-indianapolis-500/.
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38. Web site: 1938 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085928/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1938-indianapolis-500/.
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39. Web site: 1939 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085838/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1939-indianapolis-500/.
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40. Web site: 1940 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085728/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1940-indianapolis-500/.
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41. Web site: 1941 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085650/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1941-indianapolis-500/.
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42. News: Mitchell. Dawn. Indy 500 delayed: 6 times the Indianapolis 500 was canceled. The Indianapolis Star. March 26, 2020. August 8, 2021. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085650/https://www.indystar.com/story/news/history/retroindy/2020/03/26/indy-500-delayed-6-times-race-didnt-run/2916786001/. live.
43. Web site: 1946 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085842/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1946-indianapolis-500/.
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44. Web site: 1947 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085809/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1947-indianapolis-500/.
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45. Web site: 1948 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085816/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1948-indianapolis-500/.
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46. Web site: 1949 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085854/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1949-indianapolis-500/.
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47. Web site: 1950 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090030/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1950-indianapolis-500/.
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48. Web site: 1951 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085921/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1951-indianapolis-500/.
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49. Web site: 1952 Indianapolis 500 – Round 1. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085808/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1952-indianapolis-500/.
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50. Web site: 1953 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085946/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1953-indianapolis-500/.
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51. Web site: 1954 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085806/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1954-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1954 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210429235116/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1954_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
52. Web site: 1955 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085900/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1955-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1955 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428141954/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1955_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
53. Web site: 1956 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085824/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1956-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1956 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428141713/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1956_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
54. Web site: 1957 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085707/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1957-indianapolis-500/.
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55. Web site: 1958 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085651/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1958-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1958 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142814/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1958_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
56. Web site: 1959 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085706/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1959-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1959 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150441/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1959_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
57. Web site: 1960 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085728/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1960-indianapolis-500/.
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58. Web site: 1961 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085652/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1961-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1961 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. May 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210530140413/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1961_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
59. Web site: 1962 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085739/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1962-indianapolis-500/.
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60. Web site: 1963 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085702/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1963-indianapolis-500/.
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61. Web site: 1964 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085656/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1964-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1964 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. May 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210531015614/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1964_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
62. Web site: 1965 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085740/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1965-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1965 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150624/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1965_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
63. Web site: 1966 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085846/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1966-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1966 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150559/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1966_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
64. Web site: 1967 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085652/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1967-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1967 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428144954/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1967_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
65. Web site: 1968 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085654/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1968-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1968 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428144519/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1968_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
66. Web site: 1969 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085935/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1969-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: Brawner-Ford Hawk No. 2, 1969. December 14, 2018 . National Museum of American History. January 1, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20220523040346/https://americanhistory.si.edu/race-cars/brawner-ford-hawk-no-2-1969. May 23, 2022.
    Web site: 1969 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142445/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1969_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
67. Web site: 1970 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085710/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1970-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1970 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142531/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1970_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
68. Web site: 1971 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085701/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1971-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1971 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142449/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1971_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
69. Web site: 1972 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085734/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1972-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1972 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428144736/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1972_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
70. Web site: 1973 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085736/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1973-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1973 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428143019/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1973_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
71. Web site: 1974 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6. live. August 8, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085731/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1974-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1974 Indianapolis 500. live. August 8, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428143018/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1974_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
72. Web site: 1975 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085845/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1975-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1975 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428143023/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1975_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
73. Web site: 1976 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085738/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1976-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1976 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. May 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210531005409/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1976_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
74. Web site: 1977 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085659/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1977-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1977 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. May 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210529175819/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1977_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
75. Web site: 1978 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085704/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1978-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1978 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428144542/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1978_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
76. Web site: 1979 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085708/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1979-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1979 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428144222/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1979_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
77. Web site: 1980 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085702/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1980-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1980 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428143948/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1980_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
78. Web site: 1981 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090041/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1981-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1981 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428133059/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1981_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
79. Web site: 1982 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090015/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1982-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1982 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428143947/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1982_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
80. Web site: 1983 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090032/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1983-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1983 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150013/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1983_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
81. Web site: 1984 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085659/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1984-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1984 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150018/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1984_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
82. Web site: 1985 Indianapolis 500 – Round 2. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085701/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1985-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1985 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032822/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1985_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
83. Web site: 1986 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210814053901/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1986-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1986 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032836/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1986_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
84. Web site: 1987 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210814053902/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1987-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1987 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032832/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1987_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
85. Web site: 1988 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090334/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1988-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1988 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032831/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1988_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
86. Web site: 1989 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210814053902/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1989-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1989 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032819/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1989_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
87. Web site: 1990 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090355/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1990-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1990 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032835/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1990_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
88. Web site: 1991 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210814053902/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1991-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1991 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032834/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1991_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
89. Web site: 1992 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210814053902/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1992-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1992 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032828/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1992_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
90. Web site: 1993 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090358/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1993-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1993 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032826/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1993_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
91. Web site: 1994 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090236/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1994-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1994 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032803/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1994_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
92. Web site: 1995 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090234/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1995-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1995 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428032824/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1995_Indianapolis_500/UO/.
93. Web site: 1996 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090339/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1996-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1996 Indy Car Series 80th Indianapolis 500-Mile Race. live. August 9, 2021. Motorsport Stats. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090230/https://results.motorsportstats.com/results/1996-80th-indianapolis-500-mile-race/classification.
    Web site: 1996 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428145943/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1996_Indianapolis_500/O/.
94. Web site: 1997 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090237/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1997-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1997 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142359/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1997_Indianapolis_500/O/.
95. Web site: 1998 Indianapolis 500 – Round 3. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090228/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1998-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1998 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142326/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1998_Indianapolis_500/O/.
96. Web site: 1999 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090238/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1999-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 1999 Indy Car Series 83rd Indianapolis 500-Mile Race. live. August 9, 2021. Motorsport Stats. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090237/https://results.motorsportstats.com/results/1999-83rd-indianapolis-500-mile-race/classification.
    Web site: 1999 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142331/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/1999_Indianapolis_500/O/.
97. Web site: 2000 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090331/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2000-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: 2000 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150228/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2000_Indianapolis_500/O/.
98. Web site: 2001 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090333/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2001-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: Race result: Indy Racing League 2001: Race 4 in Indianapolis (oval) on 27 May 2001. live. August 9, 2021. Speedsport Magazine. 21 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200921165803/https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level1/indycar/2001/indianapolis-oval-_race4_results.html.
    Web site: 2001 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150228/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2001_Indianapolis_500/O/.
99. Web site: 2002 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090227/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2002-indianapolis-500/.
    Web site: Race result: Indy Racing League 2002: Race 5 in Indianapolis (oval) on 26 May 2002. live. August 9, 2021. Speedsport Magazine. 20 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200920150924/https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level1/indycar/2002/indianapolis-oval-_race5_results.html.
    Web site: 2002 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150932/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2002_Indianapolis_500/O/.
100. Web site: 2003 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090240/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2003-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: Race result: IRL IndyCar Series 2003: Race 4 in Indianapolis (oval) on 25 May 2003. live. August 9, 2021. Speedsport Magazine. 24 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201024041447/https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level1/indycar/2003/indianapolis-oval-_race4_results.html.
     Web site: 2003 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150644/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2003_Indianapolis_500/O/.
101. Web site: 2004 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090342/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2004-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: 2004 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150642/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2004_Indianapolis_500/O/.
102. Web site: 2005 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090401/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2005-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: 2005 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150644/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2005_Indianapolis_500/O/.
103. Web site: 2006 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090234/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2006-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: 2006 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142639/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2006_Indianapolis_500/O/.
104. Web site: 2007 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090335/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2007-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: Race result: IRL IndyCar Series 2007: Race 5 in Indianapolis (oval) on 27 May 2007. live. August 9, 2021. Speedsport Magazine. 21 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200921072522/https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level1/indycar/2007/indianapolis-oval-_race5_results.html.
     Web site: 2007 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142639/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2007_Indianapolis_500/O/.
105. Web site: 2008 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090245/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2008-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: Race result: IRL IndyCar Series 2008: Race 6 in Indianapolis (oval) on 25 May 2008. live. August 9, 2021. Speedsport Magazine. 25 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200925143602/https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level1/indycar/2008/indianapolis-oval-_race6_results.html.
     Web site: 2008 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142635/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2008_Indianapolis_500/O/.
106. Web site: 2009 Indianapolis 500 – Round 4. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090238/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2009-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: Race result: IRL IndyCar Series 2009: Race 4 in Indianapolis (oval) on 24 May 2009. live. August 9, 2021. Speedsport Magazine. 21 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200921003840/https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level1/indycar/2009/indianapolis-oval-_race4_results.html.
     Web site: 2009 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428143807/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2009_Indianapolis_500/O/.
107. Web site: 2010 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090229/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2010-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: Race result: IRL IndyCar Series 2010: Race 6 in Indianapolis (oval) on 30 May 2010. live. August 9, 2021. Speedsport Magazine. 12 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200812214027/https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level1/indycar/2010/indianapolis-oval-_race6_results.html.
     Web site: 2010 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428143805/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2010_Indianapolis_500/O/.
108. Web site: 2011 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090239/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2011-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: Race result: IndyCar Series 2011: Race 5 in Indianapolis (oval) on 29 May 2011. live. August 9, 2021. Speedsport Magazine. 10 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090231/https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level1/indycar/2011/indianapolis-oval-_race5_results.html.
     Web site: 2011 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142628/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2011_Indianapolis_500/O/.
109. Web site: 2012 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090240/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2012-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: 2012 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142627/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2012_Indianapolis_500/O/.
110. Web site: 2013 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090227/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2013-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: 2013 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142625/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2013_Indianapolis_500/O/.
111. Web site: 2014 Indianapolis 500 – Round 5. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090227/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2014-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: 2014 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142746/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2014_Indianapolis_500/O/.
112. Web site: 2015 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090234/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2015-indianapolis-500/.
     Web site: 2015 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428142750/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2015_Indianapolis_500/O/.
113. Web site: 2016 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. March 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210304215421/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2016-indianapolis-500-2/.
     Web site: 2016 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. April 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428150101/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2016_Indianapolis_500/O/.
114. Web site: 2017 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090236/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2017-indianapolis-500-2/.
     Web site: 2017 Indianapolis 500. live. August 9, 2021. Racing-Reference. May 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210514233219/https://www.racing-reference.info/race-results/2017_Indianapolis_500/O/.
115. Web site: 2018 Indianapolis 500 – Round 6. live. August 9, 2021. Motor Sport. August 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810090233/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2018-indianapolis-500/.
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