List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index explained

This article lists the Human Development Index (HDI) rating of the States and union territories of India.

HDI is a composite index that takes into consideration health, education and income.

The national average HDI for India in 2008 was 0.467. By 2010, its average HDI had risen to 0.519.^{[1] [2]} UNDP, the sponsor of the Human Development Index methodology since 1990, reported India's HDI to be 0.554 for 2012,^[3] an 18% increase over its 2008 HDI. The United Nations declared India's HDI to be 0.586 in 2014,^[4] a 5.77% increase over 2012. As for the year 2018, HDI for India stood at 0.645.^{[5] [6] [7]}

HDI (UNDP method)

The following values are estimates from 2022 calculated by Global Data Lab,^[8] using the same method of calculation as UNDP.^[9] It is important to note that other sources report different HDI rankings (typically higher).

Rank	State/Union Territory	HDI (2022)
High Human Development
1	Goa	0.760
2	Kerala	0.758
3	Chandigarh	0.751
4	Puducherry	0.741
5	Delhi	0.734
6	Jammu and Kashmir	0.720
7	Lakshadweep	0.719
8	Himachal Pradesh	0.715
9	Sikkim	0.712
10	Mizoram	0.709
11	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.706
Medium Human Development
12	Punjab	0.698
13	Haryana	0.696
14	Maharashtra	0.695
15	Tamil Nadu	0.692
16	Arunachal Pradesh	0.683
	Manipur
18	Uttarakhand	0.681
19	Nagaland	0.679
20	Daman and Diu	0.674
21	Karnataka	0.673
22	Telangana	0.660
23	Rajasthan	0.652
24	Meghalaya	0.650
25	Gujarat	0.646
–	(average)	0.644
26	Andhra Pradesh	0.642
27	West Bengal	0.635
28	Chhatisgarh	0.625
29	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.624
	Tripura
31	Assam	0.615
32	Madhya Pradesh	0.611
33	Odisha	0.610
34	Uttar Pradesh	0.609
35	Jharkhand	0.600
36	Bihar	0.577

HDI (NSC method)

The following values are estimates from 2017 to 2018 calculated by the National Statistical Commission (NSC) of India.^[10] These values were calculated based on a modified version of the UNDP method of calculation, using per-capita Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) in the national currency to measure the "decent standard of living" component of HDI, rather than per-capita Gross National Income (GNI) in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) US dollars.^{[11] [12]}

Trends by UNDP reports

Human Development Index (by UN Method) of Indian states since 1990 (2019 revision).^[13]

State	HDI
	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2019
Northern India
Chandigarh	0.635	0.635	0.630	0.658	0.643	0.737	0.759
New Delhi	0.580	0.615	0.657	0.685	0.702	0.734	0.744
Haryana	0.471	0.501	0.543	0.587	0.628	0.689	0.704
Himachal Pradesh	0.484	0.526	0.584	0.641	0.661	0.707	0.717
Jammu and Kashmir	0.498	0.508	0.523	0.583	0.636	0.677	0.712
Madhya Pradesh	0.407	0.427	0.453	0.495	0.531	0.585	0.607
Punjab	0.501	0.533	0.573	0.69	0.651	0.706	0.707
Uttar Pradesh	0.398	0.423	0.456	0.498	0.528	0.577	0.603
Uttarakhand	0.627	0.626	0.621	0.650	0.634	0.666	0.684
Western India
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.672	0.673	0.673	0.702	0.688	0.665	0.631
Daman and Diu	0.651	0.652	0.655	0.682	0.669	0.693	0.674
Goa	0.557	0.578	0.609	0.668	0.731	0.758	0.765
Gujarat	0.474	0.493	0.521	0.569	0.599	0.654	0.650
Maharashtra	0.498	0.521	0.552	0.598	0.638	0.683	0.701
Rajasthan	0.406	0.431	0.463	0.505	0.542	0.606	0.650
Eastern India
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.685	0.685	0.686	0.714	0.700	0.726	0.719
West Bengal	0.443	0.468	0.500	0.534	0.567	0.622	0.636
Bihar	0.379	0.402	0.430	0.465	0.508	0.558	0.581
Chhattisgarh	0.562	0.559	0.555	0.581	0.566	0.595	0.617
Jharkhand	0.562	0.560	0.555	0.582	0.567	0.585	0.600
Odisha	0.402	0.424	0.452	0.489	0.529	0.586	0.608
Northeastern India
Assam	0.412	0.442	0.482	0.526	0.560	0.599	0.609
Arunachal Pradesh	0.442	0.467	0.497	0.530	0.635	0.664	0.677
Manipur	0.499	0.522	0.553	0.593	0.674	0.698	0.691
Meghalaya	0.461	0.465	0.471	0.528	0.613	0.651	0.654
Mizoram	0.531	0.544	0.564	0.626	0.679	0.700	0.701
Nagaland	0.539	0.531	0.518	0.553	0.654	0.682	0.683
Sikkim	0.546	0.543	0.543	0.587	0.628	0.695	0.715
Tripura	0.449	0.483	0.525	0.557	0.602	0.646	0.640
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh	0.427	0.446	0.473	0.526	0.574	0.631	0.642
Karnataka	0.447	0.474	0.512	0.561	0.599	0.662	0.679
Kerala	0.550	0.565	0.593	0.675	0.709	0.763	0.766
Lakshadweep	0.694	0.694	0.695	0.724	0.710	0.735	0.728
Puducherry	0.711	0.720	0.720	0.750	0.736	0.734	0.739
Tamil Nadu	0.475	0.500	0.537	0.596	0.641	0.693	0.699
Telangana	0.624	0.621	0.618	0.646	0.631	0.654	0.658
India	0.434	0.458	0.491	0.534	0.575	0.629	0.645

Trends by Indian National Development Reports

Compared with the previous Indian National Human Development Reports and the latest state-level government statistical report, India has significantly improved its HDI in all of its administrative subdivisions:

This is a list of Indian states by their respective Human Development Index (HDI), as of 2008.^[14] Kerala stands first in Human Development Index among the states in India.

Consumption-based HDI

There are many ways to calculate HDI, and its calculation is sensitive to base data and assumptions. Using another approach, UNDP India and Government of India calculated the HDI nationwide average to be 0.605 in 2006.^[15] This data was published by the Indian Government.^[14] Note that the 2007-2008 HDI values in the table below is not based on income as is the UNDP standard practice for global comparisons, but on estimated consumption expenditure – an assumption which underestimates the HDI compared to the actual value.^[16] Further, data was unavailable for the following union territories: Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Daman and Diu, Puducherry, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.^{[17] [18]}

Rank! align="center"

State/Union Territory	HDI
1		0.810
2	Delhi	0.750
3		0.652
4		0.617
5		0.605
6	Northeast India	0.573
7		0.572
8		0.570
9		0.552
10		0.542
11		0.527
12		0.519
	National average	0.513
13		0.492
14		0.490
15		0.473
17		0.434
18		0.380
19		0.376
20		0.375
21		0.367
22		0.362
23		0.358

Demographics

Custom set of indicators (2022)^[19] !!Subnational HDI!Health index!Educational index!Income index!Life expectancy!Life expectancy females!Life expectancy males!Expected years schooling!Expected years schooling girls!Expected years schooling boys!Mean years schooling!Mean years schooling females!Mean years schooling males!Log Gross National Income per capita!Log Gross National Income per capita females!Log Gross National Income per capita males

Total	0.644	0.735	0.569	0.641	67.74	69.38	66.26	12.58	12.61	12.56	6.571	5.529	7.626	8.847	7.992	9.278
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.706	0.789	0.624	0.714	71.26	73.62	69.57	13.12	13.49	12.74	7.800	7.451	8.136	9.344	8.433	9.789
Andhra Pradesh	0.642	0.741	0.534	0.668	68.19	69.93	66.88	12.66	12.71	12.63	5.476	4.542	6.457	9.027	8.155	9.467
Arunachal Pradesh	0.683	0.795	0.595	0.674	71.65	74.08	69.93	13.99	14.06	13.94	6.178	5.411	6.916	9.064	8.189	9.506
Assam	0.615	0.745	0.546	0.571	68.42	70.20	66.90	12.03	12.35	11.74	6.364	5.852	6.856	8.387	7.577	8.796
Bihar	0.577	0.702	0.497	0.551	65.65	66.83	64.24	12.16	12.00	12.47	4.783	3.339	6.357	8.253	7.456	8.655
Chandigarh	0.751	0.773	0.721	0.759	70.27	72.44	68.65	13.72	13.92	13.58	10.19	9.867	10.50	9.633	8.703	10.10
Chhattisgarh	0.625	0.725	0.546	0.617	67.13	68.64	65.67	12.56	12.99	12.14	5.899	4.681	7.096	8.688	7.879	9.111
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.624	0.751	0.521	0.621	68.80	70.66	67.26	11.01	11.55	10.61	6.467	4.971	7.626	8.718	7.876	9.143
Daman and Diu	0.674	0.788	0.568	0.683	71.24	73.60	69.56	11.23	11.67	10.85	7.686	6.668	8.545	9.125	8.244	9.570
Delhi	0.734	0.760	0.702	0.742	69.40	71.39	67.83	14.10	14.61	13.61	9.308	8.589	9.955	9.518	8.598	9.981
Goa	0.760	0.808	0.714	0.761	72.51	75.11	70.73	14.28	14.44	14.14	9.525	9.223	9.915	9.643	8.712	10.11
Gujarat	0.646	0.745	0.534	0.678	68.44	70.23	66.92	11.26	10.95	11.46	6.643	5.519	7.726	9.092	8.214	9.535
Haryana	0.696	0.739	0.631	0.721	68.03	69.73	66.53	13.67	13.85	13.46	7.542	6.302	8.715	9.381	8.475	9.838
Himachal Pradesh	0.715	0.765	0.667	0.717	69.73	71.78	68.14	14.07	14.61	13.52	8.296	7.494	9.195	9.355	8.451	9.811
Jammu and Kashmir	0.720	0.796	0.664	0.705	71.75	74.20	70.03	15.09	15.23	14.93	7.356	6.109	8.475	9.270	8.374	9.721
Jharkhand	0.600	0.721	0.529	0.565	66.84	68.28	65.39	12.48	12.57	12.43	5.486	4.080	6.946	8.346	7.540	8.752
Karnataka	0.673	0.767	0.585	0.681	69.88	71.96	68.28	12.88	13.03	12.73	6.808	5.905	7.736	9.112	8.232	9.556
Kerala	0.758	0.822	0.732	0.724	73.43	76.20	71.58	15.05	15.59	14.52	9.422	9.620	9.305	9.400	8.493	9.858
Lakshadweep	0.719	0.767	0.666	0.726	69.88	72.15	68.17	13.59	14.09	13.17	8.668	8.321	9.205	9.413	8.504	9.871
Madhya Pradesh	0.611	0.715	0.525	0.608	66.46	67.83	65.03	11.98	11.86	12.07	5.765	4.477	6.966	8.629	7.796	9.050
Maharashtra	0.695	0.771	0.637	0.684	70.12	72.26	68.51	13.51	13.41	13.54	7.862	6.893	8.815	9.132	8.250	9.577
Manipur	0.683	0.769	0.674	0.614	69.96	72.06	68.36	13.94	13.92	13.96	8.616	7.870	9.445	8.671	7.834	9.094
Meghalaya	0.650	0.744	0.590	0.624	68.34	70.10	66.82	13.42	14.13	12.74	6.529	6.571	6.536	8.737	7.893	9.162
Mizoram	0.709	0.766	0.653	0.713	69.82	71.89	68.23	13.39	13.42	13.30	8.441	8.267	8.655	9.327	8.426	9.781
Nagaland	0.679	0.765	0.632	0.647	69.75	71.81	68.16	13.45	13.87	13.05	7.738	7.387	8.086	8.888	8.030	9.321
Odisha	0.610	0.731	0.520	0.595	67.54	69.14	66.06	11.73	11.71	11.79	5.837	4.896	6.816	8.544	7.719	8.960
Puducherry	0.741	0.815	0.682	0.733	73.00	75.69	71.18	13.77	14.45	13.11	8.988	8.332	9.825	9.456	8.542	9.916
Punjab	0.698	0.748	0.616	0.738	68.60	70.42	67.07	13.07	13.66	12.53	7.573	7.215	7.936	9.489	8.573	9.952
Rajasthan	0.652	0.740	0.561	0.668	68.10	69.82	66.60	13.38	13.18	13.59	5.693	3.951	7.396	9.027	8.196	9.467
Sikkim	0.712	0.786	0.664	0.692	71.10	73.42	69.42	14.72	15.17	14.24	7.655	7.387	7.916	9.183	8.297	9.631
Tamil Nadu	0.692	0.778	0.626	0.679	70.54	72.76	68.90	13.43	13.87	13.00	7.593	7.000	8.286	9.102	8.233	9.545
Telangana	0.660	0.759	0.560	0.676	69.31	71.28	67.74	13.22	13.35	13.08	5.796	4.606	7.066	9.077	8.201	9.519
Tripura	0.624	0.722	0.566	0.594	66.94	68.41	65.49	12.54	12.34	12.84	6.519	5.927	7.116	8.538	7.713	8.954
Uttar Pradesh	0.609	0.699	0.540	0.599	65.46	66.60	64.05	11.89	11.73	12.06	6.302	4.896	7.716	8.571	7.743	8.989
Uttarakhand	0.681	0.734	0.627	0.686	67.72	69.36	66.24	13.24	13.56	12.94	7.769	6.614	8.965	9.148	8.265	9.594
West Bengal	0.635	0.765	0.551	0.606	69.70	71.75	68.12	12.47	12.95	12.02	6.147	5.465	6.836	8.619	7.787	9.039

Notes and References

1. Web site: Selected Socio-Economic Statistics India, 2011. October 2011. 24 January 2015. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India. Table 11.1, page 165. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200644/http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/sel_socio_eco_stats_ind_2001_28oct11.pdf. 3 March 2016.
2. Web site: India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion) . . 2 July 2014 . 17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055724/https://www.iamrindia.gov.in/ihdr_book.pdf . 5 March 2016 .
3. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/14/hdr2013_en_complete.pdf Human Development Report 2013
4. Web site: Human Development Report 2014 – Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience. January 2014 . 24 January 2016. United Nations Development Programme.
5. News: India slips in human development index. The Hindu. 21 March 2017 . 14 September 2017 .
6. Web site: Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab. hdi.globaldatalab.org. en. 2018-10-24.
7. Web site: Human Development Reports. hdr.undp.org. January 2018 . 2019-02-16.
8. Web site: Subnational HDI (v8.0): India . 13 October 2024.
9. Web site: Construction of the SHDI and SGDI Indices . 27 January 2023.
10. Web site: Gendering Human Development . 27 January 2023.
11. Web site: Human development index . 27 January 2023.
12. Web site: Gendering Human Development . 27 January 2023.
13. Web site: Human Development Indices (5.0) . 4 February 2023.
14. Web site: India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion) . . 5 April 2014 . 257 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055724/https://www.iamrindia.gov.in/ihdr_book.pdf . 5 March 2016 .
15. http://www.in.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/gendering_human_development_indices_summary_report.pdf Gendering Human Development Indices
16. Web site: India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion) . . 2 July 2014 . 24 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055724/https://www.iamrindia.gov.in/ihdr_book.pdf . 5 March 2016 .
17. Web site: Meghalaya Human Development Report 2008. 23.
18. Web site: General Reports: Planning Commission, Government of India. planningcommission.nic.in. 24 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194621/http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/index.php?repts=nhdcont.htm. 4 March 2016. dead.
19. Web site: Custom set of indicators (2022) – Subnational HDI – Table – Global Data Lab . 2024-10-13 . globaldatalab.org.