List of Indian residential schools in Canada explained

AbbreviationReligious denomination
(AN)Anglican Church
(BP)Baptist
(MD)Methodist
(OO)Other
(PB)Presbyterian Church
(RC)Roman Catholic Church
(UC)United Church of Canada

The following is a list of schools that operated as part of the Canadian Indian residential school system.[1] [2] The first opened in 1828, and the last closed in 1997.[3] [4] [5] These schools operated in all Canadian provinces and territories except Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick.

The Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement (IRSSA) has formally recognized 139 residential schools across Canada, but this number excludes schools that operated without federal support.[6]

The last school to close was Kivalliq Hall in Rankin Inlet, in what's now Nunavut, which closed in 1997; it became a IRSSA-recognized school in 2019 following a court ruling, which is why earlier accounts describe the last school closing in 1996.

Schools in Newfoundland and Labrador were not included in the original settlement by the Harper government and instead reached a compensation deal with the federal government after a lawsuit in 2016.[7] [8] [9]

List

NameLocationProvince/TerritoryOpenedClosedDenomination
Assumption (Hay Lake) Indian Residential School[10] Assumption(Hay Lake)AB19511970 RC
Blue Quill (Lac la Biche/Saddle Lake/Sacred Heart) Indian Residential School(Hospice of St. Joseph; Lac la Biche/St. Paul's Boarding School)[11] Lac la Biche (1862-1898)

Saddle Lake (1898-1931)

(Saddle Lake)

St. Paul (1898-1931)

AB18621970 (became the first Native-administered school in Canada) RC
Holy Angels Indian Residential School (École des Saints-Anges / Our Lady of Victoria Indian Residential School)Fort ChipewyanAB19021974 RC
Crowfoot (St. Joseph's) Indian Residential School(Blackfoot Residential School)[12] Blackfoot Crossing (1900-1909)

Cluny

(Siksika 146)

AB19001968 RC
St. Joseph's (Dunbow) Industrial School(High River Industrial School)High RiverAB18841922RC
Edmonton (Poundmaker) Residential School[13] [14] St. Albert(Poundmaker)AB1924 (formerly Red Deer Industrial School)1968MD
Ermineskin Indian Residential SchoolHobbema(Ermineskin)AB19151973 RC
St. Mary’s (Blood) Indian Residential School (Immaculate Conception Boarding School)[15] Stand-Off(Blood)AB18981988RC
Morley (Stoney) Residential School (McDougall Orphanage and Training Institution)Morley(Stoney)AB19261949 MD
Old Sun (Blackfoot) Residential School[16] (North Camp Residential School / White Eagle's Boarding School / Short Robe Boarding School)Gleichen(Blackfoot)AB18941971 AN
Sacred Heart (Peigan) Residential School[17] Brocket(Peigan)AB18921961RC
Red Deer Industrial School Red DeerAB18931919 (Poundmaker school opened 5 years later)MD
Sarcee (St. Barnabas) Residential School[18] Sarcee Junction, Calgary(Sarcee/T’suu Tina)AB18921921AN
St. Albert (Youville) Residential School[19] St. AlbertAB1873 1948RC
Whitefish Lake (St. Andrew's) Residential SchoolWhitefish Lake(Whitefish Lake)AB18951950 AN
Grouard (St. Bernard’s) Residential SchoolGrouardAB18941957RC
Joussard (St. Bruno's) Residential SchoolJoussardAB19131969 RC
St. Cyprian's (Queen Victoria’s Jubilee Home) Residential School

(Victoria Jubilee Home for Indian Children)[20]

Brocket(Peigan)AB1900 (new school built in 1926)1962 AN
Sturgeon Lake (Calais) Residential School(St. François/Francis Xavier Boarding school)[21] CalaisAB19071961 RC
Fort Vermilion (St. Henri) Residential School[22] Fort VermilionAB1903 1968 RC
Wabasca (St. John’s) Residential School[23] WabascaAB1902 (new school built in 1949)1966 AN
Desmarais (St. Martin’s) Residential SchoolDesmarais-WabascaAB19011973 RC
St. Paul's (Blood) Residential School(Church of England)Cardston(Blood)AB18931975 AN
Lesser Slave Lake (St. Peter's) Residential SchoolSlave LakeAB18951932 AN
Alberni Indian Residential SchoolPort AlberniBC1900 (burned in 1917, rebuilt in 1920; burned in 1937, rebuilt in 1939)1973UC
Ahousaht Indian Residential SchoolAhousahtBC19011950PB
Anahim Lake Dormitory (Ulkatcho) Residential SchoolAnahim Lake(Ulkatcho)BC19681977RC
Christie (Clayoquot/Kakawis) Residential School[24] Meares Island (1900-1971)

Tofino (1971-1983)

BC19001983RC
Kamloops (St. Louis) Residential School(Kamloops Industrial School)Kamloops(Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc)BC18901978RC
Kitimaat Indian Residential School (Elizabeth Long Memorial School for Girls)[25] KitimaatBC19081941 MD
Kootenay (St. Eugene's/St. Mary's Residential School)CranbrookBC1867 1984RC
Kuper Island Indian Residential SchoolPenelakut IslandBC18901975RC
Lejac (Stuart Lake) Residential SchoolFraser LakeBC1917 (new building in 1922)1976RC
Lower Post Indian Residential SchoolLower PostBC19511975RC
Coqualeetza (Chilliwack Home) Residential SchoolChilliwackBC1889 1940 (later became the Coqualeetza Hospital and is now the Coqualeetza Cultural Education Centre)MD
Metlakatla Indian Residential School (Metlakatla Indian Girls' School)MetlakatlaBC18911962 OO
Port Simpson Residential School(Crosby Home for Girls)Port SimpsonBC18921948MD
Presbyterian Coqualeetza Indian Residential SchoolChilliwackBC18611940PB
Roman Catholic Coqualeetza Indian Residential SchoolChilliwackBC18901941RC
SecheltBC19121975RC
St. Paul’s Indian Residential SchoolNorth VancouverBC18981959RC
St. George's (Lytton) Indian Residential SchoolLyttonBC1901 (new school built in 1928)1979AN
St. Mary's Mission Indian Residential SchoolMission BC18611984RC
St. Michael's (Alert Bay) Indian Residential SchoolAlert BayBC19291975AN
Williams Lake Indian Residential School (Williams Lake Industrial School)CaribooBC18901981RC
Yale Indian Residential SchoolYaleBC19001920 AN
Yuquot Indian Residential SchoolYuquotBC19011913RC
Assiniboia Indian Residential School (Assiniboia Hostel)WinnipegMB1958 (September 2)1973 (June 30) RC
Birtle Indian Residential SchoolBirtleMB1888 (December 3)1970 PB
Brandon Indian Residential School (Brandon Industrial School)BrandonMB1895 (May 23)1972 (June 30) MD
Cross Lake Indian Residential School (Norway House Roman Catholic Indian Residential School)Cross LakeMB1915(March 9)1969 (July 30) RC
Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Elkhorn Industrial School / Washakada Indian Residential School)ElkhornMB18881919 (as CP Railway purchased land on which school was built) AN
Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Washakada Indian Residential School)ElkhornMB19251949 AN
Fort Alexander Indian Residential SchoolPine FallsMB19051970 (June) RC
Guy Hill Indian Residential SchoolThe Pas and Clearwater LakeMB1952 (Students were relocated from Sturgeon Landing, Saskatchewan to a temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school in Clearwater Lake in 1958)1979 (June 30)RC
Lake St. Martin Indian Residential SchoolFisher RiverMB1874 (new school built in 1948)1963 AN
MacKay Indian Residential SchoolThe PasMB19151933 AN
MacKay Indian Residential SchoolDauphinMB19551989 AN
Norway House Methodist Indian Residential SchoolNorway HouseMB19001967 (June 30) MD
Pine Creek Indian Residential School (Camperville Indian Residential School)CampervilleMB18901969 (August 31) RC
Portage la Prairie Methodist Indian Residential SchoolPortage la PrairieMB18911975 (June 30) MD
Portage la Prairie Presbyterian Indian ResidentialPortage la PrairieMB18951950 PB
Sandy Bay Indian Residential SchoolSandy Bay ReserveMB19051970 (June 30) RC
St. Boniface Industrial SchoolSt. BonifaceMB18911909 RC
St. Paul's Industrial School (St. Rupert's Land Industrial School)SelkirkMB18861906 AN
Waterhen Indian Residential SchoolWaterhenMB18901900 RC
Lockwood School*CartwrightNL1964 OO
Makkovik Boarding School*MakkovikNL1960 OO
Nain Boarding School*NainNL1973 OO
St. Anthony's Orphanage*St. AnthonyNL1979 OO
Yale School*North West RiverNL1980 OO
Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School)Shingle PointNWT1927 (moved to Aklavik in 1934 due to overcrowding1959AN
Aklavik Catholic Indian Residential School (later Inuvik Indian Residential School)AklavikNWT1925 (relocated to Inuvik in 1959; Stringer Hall was Anglican Residence and Grollier Hall the RC residence)1996 (June 1975 (Stringer Hall); June 30 1996 (Grollier Hall))RC
Fort McPherson Indian Residential School; (Including residence, Fleming Hall); Fort McPhersonNWT18981970OO (non-denominational)
Fort Providence Indian Residential School (Providence Mission Indian Residential School)Fort ProvidenceNWT18671953RC
Fort Resolution Indian Residential SchoolFort ResolutionNWT18671957RC
Fort Simpson Indian Residential School (Fort Simpson Boarding School, including residences Bompas Hall, Lapointe Hall, St. Margaret's Hall) Fort SimpsonNWT19201970RC
Fort Smith Indian Residential School (Breynat Hall)Fort SmithNWT19571970 RC
Hay River Indian Residential School (St. Peter's Mission Indian Residential School)Hay RiverNWT1898 1949AN
Akaitcho Hall (dormitory for Sir John Franklin High School)YellowknifeNWT19581994 Federal/GNWT
Shubenacadie Indian Residential SchoolShubenacadieNS19221968RC
Chesterfield Inlet Indian Residential School (including residence: Turquetil)Chesterfield InletNU19291970RC
Frobisher Bay Indian Residential SchoolFrobisher BayNU19651992 The building now houses the Nunatta Residence of the Nunavut Arctic College.(students were transferred to a new hostel, which operated until 1996.) RC
Kivalliq Hall Rankin InletNU19851997OO
Albany Mission Indian Residential School (Fort Albany Residential School)Fort AlbanyON19121963RC
Alexandra Industrial School for GirlsTorontoON18971910[26] OO
Alnwick Industrial School (in partnership with Mount Elgin Indian Residential School)AldervilleON18381966MD
Bishop Horden Memorial School (Moose Factory Indian Residential School; Moose Fort Indian Residential School)Moose FactoryON19071963AN
Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential SchoolKenoraON19001966PB
Chapleau Indian Residential School (Saint John's Indian Residential School)ChapleauON19071950AN
Fort Frances Indian Residential School (St. Margaret's Indian Residential School)Fort FrancesON19021974RC
Kenora Indian Residential SchoolKenoraON19491963RC
McIntosh Indian Residential SchoolKenoraON19241969RC
Mohawk Institute Residential School (Mohawk Manual Labour School; Mush Hole Indian Residential School)BrantfordON18281970AN
Mount Elgin Indian Residential School (in partnership with Alnwick)Muncey TownON18481948MD
Shingwauk Indian Residential SchoolGarden RiverON18731873 (burned down six days after opening)AN
Shingwauk Indian Residential SchoolSault Ste. MarieON1873 (merged with Wawanosh to form a larger school in 1900)1971 (currently houses Algoma University)AN
Wawanosh School for GirlsSault Ste MarieON18771900 (merged with Shingwauk)AN
Sioux Lookout Indian Residential School (Pelican Lake Day School)Sioux LookoutON19111973AN
Spanish Indian Residential Schools
St. Joseph Residential School 1916–1962 (girls school) still standing; St Charles Garnier College 1913–1958 (boys school)now demolished
SpanishON18831965RC
St. Anne’s Indian Residential SchoolFort AlbanyON19361964RC
St. Joseph's Orphanage and Boarding School (for Indigenous and White Children)Fort WilliamON18701968 RC
St. Mary's Indian Residential SchoolKenoraON18941962RC
Wikwemikong Indian Residential School (Wikwemikong Day School)ManitowaningON1840 (day school); 1879 (residential school)1963RC
Armstrong Indian Residential School (Armstrong Residential School; Armstrong Home and School)ArmstrongON18801891RC
Amos Indian Residential School (St. Marc's Indian Residential School)St. Marc-de-Figuery (Amos)QC19481965RC
Federal Hostel at George RiverKangirsualujjuaqQC19601960OO (Non-Denominational)
Federal Hostel at Great Whale RiverKuujjuarapik (Poste-de-la-Baleine)QC19601970OO (Non-Denominational)
Federal Hostel at Payne BayKangirsuk (Bellin)QC19601960OO (Non-Denominational)
Federal Hostel at Port HarrisonInukjuakQC19601971OO (Non-Denominational)
Fort George HostelsFort GeorgeQC19751978OO (Non-Denominational)
St. Philip's Indian Residential SchoolFort GeorgeQC1933 (burned in 1943, rebuilt in 1944)1979AN
Fort George (St. Joseph's Mission, Residence Couture, Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Énfant-Jésus)Fort GeorgeQC19361952RC
La Tuque Indian Residential SchoolLa TuqueQC19631978AN
Pointe Bleue Indian Residential SchoolMashteuiatshQC19561965RC
Sept-Iles Indian Residential School (Seven Islands, Notre Dame, Maliotenam)Sept-ÎlesQC19521967RC
Battleford Industrial SchoolBattlefordSK18831914AN
Beauval Indian Residential SchoolBeauvalSK18951983 (became Meadow Lake Tribal Council's Beauval Indian Education Centre which closed in 1995)RC
Cowesses Indian Residential School (Marieval Indian Residential School)MarievalSK18991981 (First Nation Operated 1981-1997)RC
Crowstand Indian Residential SchoolKamsackSK18881916PB
St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Duck Lake Indian Residential School)[27] Duck LakeSK18941982, turned over to the Saskatoon District Tribal Council. Closed in 1996.RC
Emmanuel CollegePrince AlbertSK18791923AN
File Hills Indian Residential School (File Hills Colony School)Okanese ReserveSK18891949PB
Gordon Indian Residential SchoolPunnichySK1889 (new school built in 1911, burned down in 1929)1996AN
Guy Hill Indian Residential SchoolSturgeon LandingSK19261952 (burned down September 4, 1952; students were relocated to temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school opened in Clearwater Lake in 1958)RC
Île-à-la-Crosse Indian Residential SchoolÎle-à-la-CrosseSK18781976 (the boarding school section)RC
Lake La Ronge Mission Indian Residential SchoolLa RongeSK1914 (new school built in 1920)1947AN
Muscowequan Indian Residential SchoolLestockSK19321981RC
St. Albans Indian Residential SchoolPrince AlbertSK?1951 (amalgamated with All Saints to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School)AN
All Saints Indian Residential SchoolPrince AlbertSK18651951 (amalgamated with St. Albans to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School)AN
Prince Albert Indian Residential SchoolPrince AlbertSK1951 (merger of All Saints and St. Albans)1964AN
Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School (Qu'Appelle Industrial School); Lebret Indian Residential School; (Added St. Paul's High School in 1951)LebretSK1884 (burned down in 1904, 1932)1969 (Re-opened under the operations of the reserve in 1973 as White Calf Collegiate, but that closed in August 1998)RC
Regina Indian Residential SchoolReginaSK18901910, demolished in 1948PB
Round Lake Indian Residential SchoolWhitewoodSK18861950MD
St. Anthony's Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Catholic Indian Residential School) (Joseph Dion was pupil No. 7)[28] Onion LakeSK18911968RC
St. Barnabas Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Indian Residential School)Onion LakeSK1893 (burned down in 1943)1951AN
St. Phillips Indian Residential School (Keeseekoose Day School)KamsackSK18991965RC
Thunderchild Indian Residential School (Delmas Indian Residential School)DelmasSK19331948 (burned down by students)RC
Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School)Shingle PointNWT19271934 (moved to Aklavik due to overcrowding)AN
Baptist Indian Residential School (Yukon Indian Residential School)WhitehorseYT19001968BP
Carcross Indian Residential School (Forty Mile Boarding School)FortymileYT18911910 (moved to Carcross)AN
Carcross Indian Residential School (Chooutla Indian Residential School; Caribou Crossing Indian Residential School)CarcrossYT19101969AN
St. Paul's Indian Residential School (St. Paul's Hall)DawsonYT19201943AN
Yukon Hall (residences for local day school students)WhitehorseYT19561965AN
Tranquille School for Mentally Handicapped Indians (Stsmemelt Village)KamloopsBC19721978OO (Non-Denominational)

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: List of residential schools . Indian Residential Schools Settlement - Official Court Website . 2009-12-02.
  2. "Search by School." National Student Memorial Register. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.
  3. Web site: Residential Schools. https://web.archive.org/web/20100503181813/http://www.afn.ca/article.asp?id=766. 2010-05-03. Assembly of First Nations. 2009-12-02. 3 May 2010.
  4. Web site: Prince Albert Grand Council Indian Residential School Virtual Museum . 2015 . 12 June 2015 . 18 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151218162333/http://www.rsmuseum.ca/?page_id=2079 . dead .
  5. Web site: Mission and Justice Relationships (Anglican Indian and Eskimo Residential Schools) . Anglican Church of Canada . 12 June 2015.
  6. Web site: June 4, 2021. Your questions answered about Canada's residential school system. CBC News.
  7. Web site: Newfoundland and Labrador residential schools healing and commemoration. 24 November 2017.
  8. Web site: Tearful Justin Trudeau apologizes to N.L. residential school survivors CBC News.
  9. Web site: N.L. residential school survivors' lawyers reach $50M settlement with Ottawa CBC News.
  10. Web site: Memorial.
  11. Web site: Memorial.
  12. Web site: Memorial.
  13. Web site: Memorial.
  14. Larsson, Paula. 2013 October 26. "Edmonton Industrial School." Eugenics Archive. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  15. Web site: Memorial.
  16. https://memorial.nctr.ca/?p=1503 Old Sun (Blackfoot) Residential School
  17. http://memorial.nctr.ca/?p=1505 Sacred Heart (Peigan) Residential School
  18. https://memorial.nctr.ca/?p=1507 Sarcee (St. Barnabas) Residential School
  19. https://memorial.nctr.ca/?p=1509 St. Albert (Youville) Residential School
  20. https://memorial.nctr.ca/?p=1931 St. Cyprian's Residential School
  21. https://memorial.nctr.ca/?p=1521 Sturgeon Lake (Calais) Residential School
  22. https://memorial.nctr.ca/?p=1489 Fort Vermilion (St. Henri) Residential School
  23. https://memorial.nctr.ca/?p=1523 Wabasca (St. John’s) Residential School
  24. Web site: Memorial.
  25. Web site: Memorial.
  26. Web site: East End school for wayward girls flourished. 19 October 2011.
  27. Web site: St. Michael's (Duck Lake). 28 January 2021.
  28. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joseph-francis-dion;