The impulse for creation of centres of technical training came from the British rulers of India, and it arose out of the necessity for the training of overseers for construction and maintenance of public buildings, roads, canals, and ports, and for the training of artisans and craftsmen for the use of instruments, and apparatus needed for the army, the navy, and the survey department. While superintending engineers were mostly recruited from Britain, lower grade craftsmen, artisans and sub-overseers were recruited locally. The necessity to make them more efficient, led to the establishment of industrial schools attached to the Ordnance Factories Board and other engineering establishments.[1]
The first engineering college was established in present day Uttarakhand at Roorkee in the year 1847 for the training of Civil Engineers. Thomason College of Civil Engineering as it was called, made use of the large workshops and public buildings there that were erected for the Upper Ganges Canal. The college was converted to the University of Roorkee in 1948 and upgraded to the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee in 2001.
In July 1854, College of Engineering, Pune's precursor, The Poona Engineering Class and Mechanical School was opened, with an aim to provide suitable learning to the subordinate officers in the Public Works Department. In June 1865 Mr. Theodore Cooke, M.A, who held that appointment for 28 years was appointed Principal. The foundation stone of the new college was laid by the Governor, Sir Bartle Frere, on 5 August 1865. College was affiliated to University of Bombay in 1866. In 1868 the College moved to the New Buildings. The college was divided into three departments for matriculated and unmatriculated students. In 1879 two new classes, an Agricultural class and a Forest class, were added to the college, and the name of the college was changed from " The Poona Civil Engineering College " to " The College of Science". The credit for most of the civil infrastructure in India goes to the alumni of COEP, including Bharat Ratna Sir M. Visvesvarayya, in whose honor "Engineers Day" is celebrated.[2]
In pursuance of the Government policy, three Engineering Colleges were opened by about 1856 in the three Presidencies.
In Bengal, a College called the Calcutta Civil Engineering College was opened at the Writers' Buildings in November 1856. With the establishment of University of Calcutta on 24 January 1857, the college was affiliated to this university since May 1857. In 1865, the college merged with Presidency College, Kolkata and from 1865 to 1869 the college functioned as the Civil Engineering Department of Presidency College. In 1880, the college was shifted to its present campus at Shibpur, Howrah, and was christened the Government College, Howrah, in the premises of Bishop's College. On 12 February 1920 the name was changed to Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur. The word Shibpur was deleted on 24 March 1921 and it became Bengal Engineering College. The college was subsequently rechristened Bengal Engineering and Science University and upgraded to the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur in 2014. Also in March 27, 1914 University of Calcutta established their own science and technology campus, came to be known as Rajabazar Science College. This institute has some of the oldest applied science departments.
In the Madras Presidency, the industrial school attached to the Gun Carriage Factory became ultimately the College of Engineering, Guindy. It was founded in 1794 as Asia's oldest technical institution and was affiliated to the University of Madras in 1858.[1]
The Banaras Engineering College was established at Varanasi in the year 1919. The college was rechristened as the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University in 1968. The college was upgraded to the Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi in 2012.
The British also opened Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur for chemical sciences in 1921 in the United Provinces, now Uttar Pradesh. it is now called the Harcourt Butler Technical University.
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad was established by British Indian Government on the lines of the Royal School of Mines, London, and was formally opened on 9 December 1926 by Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India. The college was subsequently called the Indian School of Mines University for a while before the word University was dropped from its name. The college was upgraded to the Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad in 2016.[3]
In 1947 when India became independent, there were 36 institutions for first-degree engineering education, with an annual intake of about 2500 students.[4]
| Engineering college | Location | Established | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomason College of Civil EngineeringB | 1847[5] | Later known as University of Roorkee and now known as the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee | ||
| 1794 | Started as survey school in May 1794. Upgraded to an engineering college in 1858. | |||
| 1854 | Bharat Ratna Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (1861–1962) is Alumni of COEP. Engineers Day in India is Celebrated on his Birthday | |||
| 1856 | Later known as Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur and now known as the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur | |||
| Indian Institute of Science | Bangalore | 1911 | Established as Tata Institute. | |
| 1905[6] | Now known as Jadavpur University. | |||
| University College of Science and Technology | Rajabazar, Calcutta | 1914 | Also known as Rajabazar Science College campus. | |
| 1917[7] | Now called the University Visvesvaraya College Of Engineering | |||
| Banaras Engineering CollegeB | 1919 | |||
| 1920 | "Government Research Institute, Cawnpore" was established in 1920, which was renamed as "Government Technological Institute" in 1921. | |||
| Punjab Engineering College (PEC) | Chandigarh | 1921 | Punjab Engineering College (abbreviated PEC or PEC Chandigarh) is a public research & technical institution in Chandigarh. It was founded in 1921 in Lahore, established in Chandigarh in 1953, and focuses on the field of applied sciences, particularly engineering and technology | |
| Indian School Of Mines, JharkhandB | 1926 | Now known as Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad | ||
| 1942[8] | ||||
| 1886 | Established as a survey training school in 1886. In 2004 the government of India upgraded the college to National Institute of Technology, Patna | |||
| 1939[9] | ||||
| 1887 | Established as a diploma school in 1887. V. J. T. Institute started with only two departments, namely the Sir J. J. School of Mechanical Engineering and the Ripon Textile School for the two branches of industry | |||
| Tamil Nadu | 1929 | |||
| 1933 | ||||
| 1945 | ||||
| 1947 | ||||
| PEC University of Technology | Chandigarh | 1921 | Punjab Engineering College is one of India's pre-eminent institutions in the field of applied sciences, particularly engineering and technology. | |
| Delhi | 1941[10] | Renamed as Delhi College of Engineering in 1962 under the University of Delhi. Later, it was granted university status in the year 2009 and renamed as Delhi Technological University. | ||
| National Institute of Engineering | Mysore | 1946 | Now Autonomous under VTU Karnataka | |
| MSU, Faculty of Technology and Engineering | Vadodara | 1890 | The Faculty of Technology and Engineering is one of the 14 faculties at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. | |
| Kolkata | 1919 | The Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, often referred to as GCELT, is an institute affiliated to MAKAUT(Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology) | ||
| Kolkata | 1941 | The Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology, often referred to as GCECT, is an institute affiliated to MAKAUT(Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology) | ||
| University College of Engineering, Osmania University | Hyderabad | 1929 | The University College of Engineering, Osmania University (UCE) is an autonomous engineering college located in Hyderabad, India | |
| Andhra University | Visakhapatnam | 1926 | Andhra University was established in 1926 by the Madras University Act to serve the entire linguistic region of Andhra as a residential teaching-cum-affiliating University. The institution has Sir C.R. Reddy as its founder Vice-Chancellor and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan as the second Vice-Chancellor | |
| Walchand College of Engineering | Sangli | 1947 | Started as New engineering college, the name was changed to Walchand College of Engineering in 1955 as part of the new arrangements and pursuant to the Rehabilitation and Development Program mainly funded by Seth Walchand Hirachand Memorial Trust and the Government. | |
| Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani | Pilani | 1946 | 1946 as Birla College of Engineering 1964 as BITS Pilani. | |
| B.M.S. College of Engineering | Bangalore | 1946 | B.M.S. College of Engineering (BMSCE) was started in 1946 in Bangalore, India. |
Have been upgraded to Indian Institutes of Technology.
Raised to degree standard (college/university).