The Ice Hockey World Championships is an annual event held by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It was preceded by the European Championship which was held from 1910 to 1932. The first World Championship tournament was decided at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Subsequently, ice hockey was featured at the Winter Olympic Games, where the World Championship was decided when the two events occurred concurrently, until the 1968 Winter Olympics. The first three championships were contested at the Olympics, while the first World Championships that were an individual event were held in 1930.
The modern format for the World Championship features 16 teams in the championship group, 12 teams in Division I and 12 teams in Division II. If there are more than 40 teams, the rest compete in Division III. The teams in the championship play a preliminary and qualifying round, then the top eight teams play in the playoff medal round and the winning team is crowned World Champion. From the 1920 Olympics until the 1976 World Championships, only athletes designated as "amateur" were allowed to compete in the tournament. Because of this, players from the National Hockey League and its senior minor-league teams were not allowed to compete, while the Soviet Union was allowed to use permanent full-time players who were positioned as regular workers of an aircraft industry or tractor industry employer that sponsored what would be presented as an after-hours amateur social sports society team for their workers. In 1970, after an agreement to allow just a small number of its professionals to participate was rescinded by the IIHF, Canada withdrew from the tournament. Starting in 1977, professional athletes were allowed to compete in the tournament and Canada re-entered, using some NHL players from those teams that were not good enough to reach the Stanley Cup playoffs.[1]
As of 2024, 87 tournaments have been staged. From 1920 to 1930, the Winter Olympic Games Ice Hockey Tournaments held counted as the World Championships and no tournaments in between were held. No championships were held from 1940 to 1946 due to World War II, nor during the Olympic years 1980, 1984 and 1988, nor in 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic.[2] Ten national teams have won a gold medal at the World Championships, five more national teams have won medals. Canada has won 53 medals overall and 28 gold, the most of any nation. The Soviet Union, which began competing in the year of 1954 and last competed in 1991, captured a medal in each of 34 tournaments they entered.[3] In winning the 2006 World Championships, Sweden became the first nation in ice hockey history to win an Olympic gold as well as a separate World Championship in the same season.[4] In 2022, Finland repeated this achievement by winning the World Championships at home.
| The Summer Olympic Games Ice Hockey Tournament held that year counted as the World Championships (1 edition). | ||
| * | The Winter Olympic Games Ice Hockey Tournament held that year counted as the World Championships (10 editions). | |
| Number of times when national team has reached corresponding place at the time (or number of tournaments hosted by city / country at the time). | ||
| Second number indicates cumulative number of times when successor country and its predecessor per IIHF (Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia or unified Germany) has reached corresponding place at the time (or cumulative number of tournaments hosted by successor country and its predecessor at the time). |
| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze | 4th place | Host city / cities | Host country / countries | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| scope=row style="background-color: #FFEEAA" | Antwerp (1) | (1) | |||||
| scope=row style="background-color: #CFECEC" | 1924 * | Chamonix (1) |  France (1) | ||||
| scope=row style="background-color: #CFECEC" | 1928 * | St. Moritz (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1930 | Chamonix (2) Berlin (1) Vienna (1) | France (2) Germany (1)(1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1931 | Krynica (1) |  Poland (1) | ||||
| scope=row style="background-color: #CFECEC" | 1932 * | Lake Placid (1) |  United States (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1933 | Prague (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1934 | Milan (1) |  Italy (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1935 | Davos (1) | (2) | ||||
| scope=row style="background-color: #CFECEC" | 1936 * | Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1) | Germany (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1937 | London (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1938 | Prague (2) | (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1939 | Zürich (1) and Basel (1) | (3) | ||||
| 1940– 1946 | Competitions not held because of World War II | ||||||
| scope=row | 1947 | Prague (3) | (3) | ||||
| scope=row style="background-color: #CFECEC" | 1948 * | St. Moritz (2) | (4) | ||||
| scope=row | 1949 | Stockholm (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1950 | London (2) | (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1951 | Paris (1) | France (3) | ||||
| scope=row style="background-color: #CFECEC" | 1952 * | Oslo (1) and Drammen (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1953 | Zürich (2) and Basel (2) | (5) | ||||
| scope=row | 1954 | Stockholm (2) | (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1955 | Krefeld (1), Dortmund (1) and Cologne (1) | (1/3) | ||||
| scope=row style="background-color: #CFECEC" | 1956 * | Cortina d'Ampezzo (1) | (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1957 | Moscow (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1958 | Oslo (2) | (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1959 | Prague (4), Bratislava (1) and Ostrava (1) | (4) | ||||
| scope=row style="background-color: #CFECEC" | 1960 * | Squaw Valley (1) | United States (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1961 | Geneva (1) and Lausanne (1) | (6) | ||||
| scope=row | 1962 | Colorado Springs (1) and Denver (1) | (3) | ||||
| scope=row | 1963 | Stockholm (3) | (3) | ||||
| scope=row style="background-color: #CFECEC" | 1964 * | Innsbruck (1) | (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1965 | Tampere (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1966 | Ljubljana (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 1967 | Vienna (2) | (3) | ||||
| scope=row style="background-color: #CFECEC" | 1968 * | Grenoble (1) | (4) | ||||
| scope=row | 1969 | Stockholm (4) | (4) | ||||
| scope=row | 1970 | Stockholm (5) | (5) | ||||
| scope=row | 1971 | Bern (1) and Geneva (2) | (7) | ||||
| scope=row | 1972 | Prague (5) | (5) | ||||
| scope=row | 1973 | Moscow (2) | (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1974 | Helsinki (1) | (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1975 | Munich (1) and Düsseldorf (1) | (2/4) | ||||
| scope=row | 1976 | Katowice (1) | Poland (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 1977 | Vienna (3) | (4) | ||||
| scope=row | 1978 | Prague (6) | (6) | ||||
| scope=row | 1979 | Moscow (3) | (3) | ||||
| 1980 | Competition not held during 1980 Olympics | ||||||
| scope=row | 1981 | Gothenburg (1) and Stockholm (6) | (6) | ||||
| scope=row | 1982 | Helsinki (2) and Tampere (2) | (3) | ||||
| scope=row | 1983 | Düsseldorf (2), Dortmund (2) and Munich (2) | (3/5) | ||||
| 1984 | Competition not held during 1984 Olympics | ||||||
| scope=row | 1985 | Prague (7) | (7) | ||||
| scope=row | 1986 | Moscow (4) | (4) | ||||
| scope=row | 1987 | Vienna (4) | (5) | ||||
| 1988 | Competition not held during 1988 Olympics | ||||||
| scope=row | 1989 | Stockholm (7) and Södertälje (1) | (7) | ||||
| scope=row | 1990 | Bern (2) and Fribourg (1) | (8) | ||||
| scope=row | 1991 | Turku (1), Helsinki (3) and Tampere (3) | (4) | ||||
| scope=row | 1992 | Prague (8) and Bratislava (2) | (8) | ||||
| scope=row | 1993 | Dortmund (3) and Munich (3) | (3/6) | ||||
| scope=row | 1994 | Bolzano (1), Canazei (1) and Milan (2) | (3) | ||||
| scope=row | 1995 | Stockholm (8) and Gävle (1) | (8) | ||||
| scope=row | 1996 | Vienna (5) | (6) | ||||
| scope=row | 1997 | Helsinki (4), Turku (2) and Tampere (4) | (5) | ||||
| scope=row | 1998 | Zürich (3) and Basel (3) | (9) | ||||
| scope=row | 1999 | Oslo (3), Lillehammer (1) and Hamar (1) | (3) | ||||
| scope=row | 2000 | Saint Petersburg (1) | (1/5) | ||||
| scope=row | 2001 | Cologne (2), Hanover (1) and Nuremberg (1) | (4/7) | ||||
| scope=row | 2002 | Gothenburg (2), Karlstad (1) and Jönköping (1) | (9) | ||||
| scope=row | 2003 | Helsinki (5), Tampere (5) and Turku (3) | (6) | ||||
| scope=row | 2004 | Prague (9) and Ostrava (2) | (1/9) | ||||
| scope=row | 2005 | Innsbruck (2) and Vienna (6) | (7) | ||||
| scope=row | 2006 | Riga (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 2007 | Moscow (5) and Mytishchi (1) | (2/6) | ||||
| scope=row | 2008 | Halifax (1) and Quebec City (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 2009 | Kloten (1) and Bern (3) | (10) | ||||
| scope=row | 2010 | Cologne (3), Mannheim (1) and Gelsenkirchen (1) | (5/8) | ||||
| scope=row | 2011 | Bratislava (3) and Košice (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 2012 | Helsinki (6) Stockholm (9) | (7) (10) | ||||
| scope=row | 2013 | Stockholm (10) Helsinki (7) | (11) (8) | ||||
| scope=row | 2014 | Minsk (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 2015 | Prague (10) and Ostrava (3) | (2/10) | ||||
| scope=row | 2016 | Moscow (6) and Saint Petersburg (2) | (3/7) | ||||
| scope=row | 2017 | Cologne (4) Paris (2) | (6/9) (5) | ||||
| scope=row | 2018 | Copenhagen (1) and Herning (1) | (1) | ||||
| scope=row | 2019 | Bratislava (4) and Košice (2) | (2) | ||||
| 2020 | Competition cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic[5] | ||||||
| scope=row | 2021 | Riga (2) | (2) | ||||
| scope=row | 2022 | Tampere (6) and Helsinki (8) | (9) | ||||
| scope=row | 2023 | Tampere (7) Riga (3) | (10) (3) | ||||
| scope=row | 2024 | Prague (11) and Ostrava (4) | (3/11) | ||||
| 2025 | Stockholm (11) Herning (2) | (12) (2) | |||||
| 2026 | Zürich (4) and Fribourg (2) | (11) | |||||
| 2027 | Düsseldorf (3) and Mannheim (2) | (7/10) | |||||
| 2028 | Paris (3) and Lyon (1) | (6) |
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 | 16 | 9 | 53 | ||
| 2 | / | 27 | 10 | 10 | 47 | |
| 3 | / | 13 | 13 | 22 | 48 | |
| 4 | 11 | 19 | 18 | 48 | ||
| 5 | 4 | 9 | 3 | 16 | ||
| 6 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 20 | ||
| 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | ||
| 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | ||
| 9 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 12 | ||
| 10 | / | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Totals (15 nations) | 87 | 87 | 87 | 261 | ||
Since the introduction of play-off rounds in 1992, the following national teams have made the finals.
| Country | Gold | Silver | Total finals | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | 7 | 16 | ||
| 7 | 1 | 8 | ||
| 6 | 6 | 12 | ||
| 5 | 3 | 8 | ||
| 4 | 9 | 13 | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 0 | 3 | 3 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Total | 32 | 32 | 64 |
Boldface denotes active ice hockey players and highest medal count among all players (including these who not included in these tables) per type. "Position" denotes player position on the hockey rink (D – defenceman; F – forward; G – goaltender).[7] [8] [9] [10]
| Rank | Player | Country | Position | From | To | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | G | 1970 | 1983 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 13 | ||
| 2 | D | 1961 | 1973 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 12 | ||
| 3 | F | 1969 | 1983 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 12 | ||
| 4 | F | 1969 | 1981 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 11 | ||
| 5 | F | 1961 | 1971 | 9 | – | 1 | 10 | ||
| 6 | D | 1963 | 1971 | 9 | – | – | 9 | ||
| 7 | F | 1969 | 1979 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 11 | ||
| D | 1969 | 1979 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 11 | |||
| F | 1969 | 1979 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 11 | |||
| D | 1970 | 1982 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 11 |
The table shows players who have won at least 11 medals in total at the World Championships.
| Rank | Player | Country | Position | From | To | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | G | 1970 | 1983 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 13 | ||
| 2 | F | 1964 | 1977 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 13 | ||
| 3 | D | 1961 | 1973 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 12 | ||
| 4 | F | 1969 | 1983 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 12 | ||
| 5 | F | 1969 | 1981 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 11 | ||
| 6 | F | 1969 | 1979 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 11 | ||
| D | 1969 | 1979 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 11 | |||
| F | 1969 | 1979 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 11 | |||
| D | 1970 | 1982 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 11 | |||
| 10 | F | 1978 | 1991 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 11 | ||
| 11 | D | 1977 | 1991 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 11 | ||
| 12 | F | 1957 | 1968 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 11 | ||
| 13 | F | 1970 | 1981 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 11 | ||
| D | 1968 | 1978 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 11 | |||
| F | 1970 | 1981 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 11 |
Here are listed most successful players in the history of each of 15 medal-winning national teams – according to the gold-first ranking system and by total number of World Championships medals (one player if he holds national records in both categories or few players if these national records belongs to different persons). If the total number of medals is identical, the gold, silver and bronze medals are used as tie-breakers (in that order). If all numbers are the same, the players get the same placement and are sorted by the alphabetic order.
| Country | Player | Position | From | To | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | 1970 | 1983 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 13 | |||
| F | 1996 | 2006 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 8 | |||
| F | 1964 | 1977 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 13 | |||
| Jonas Bergqvist (by the gold-first ranking system) | F | 1986 | 1998 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | ||
| Sven "Tumba" Johansson (by total number of medals) | F | 1952 | 1965 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | ||
| Alexander Ovechkin | F | 2005 | 2019 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | ||
| Eric Brewer (by the gold-first ranking system) | D | 2003 | 2007 | 3 | – | – | 3 | ||
| Shane Doan &<br>Dany Heatley (by total number of medals) | F | 2003 | 2009 | 2 | 3 | – | 5 | ||
| Atte Ohtamaa (by the gold-first ranking system) | D | 2014 | 2022 | 2 | 3 | – | 5 | ||
| Ville Peltonen (by total number of medals) | F | 1994 | 2008 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 | ||
| F/D | 1935 | 1938 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |||
| F | 2000 | 2012 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |||
| John Garrison &<br>John Mayasich (by the gold-first ranking system) | D/F F/D | 1932 1956 | 1936 1962 | 1 1 | 1 1 | 1 1 | 3 3 | ||
| Allen Van (by total number of medals) | D | 1939 | 1952 | – | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||
| Reto Berra, Roman Josi &<br>Nino Niederreiter (by the gold-first ranking system) | G D F | 2013 | 2024 | – | 3 | – | 3 | ||
| Richard "Bibi" Torriani (by total number of medals) | F | 1928 | 1948 | – | 1 | 5 | 6 | ||
| F/D | 1930 | 1934 | – | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
| G | |||||||||
| D/F | |||||||||
| 16 players | D, F, G | 1953 | 1953 | – | 1 | – | 1 | ||
| F | 1931 | 1947 | – | – | 2 | 2 | |||
| 27 players | D, F, G | 2023 | 2023 | – | – | 1 | 1 |