List of Hispanic American caudillos explained

See main article: Caudillo. A caudillo (Spanish pronunciation: [kawˈdiʎo]; Old Spanish: cabdillo, from Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput "head". Caudillo means "little head" or "little chief") is part of the larger Iberian tradition of authoritarian leaders, with roots in the Iberian past, particularly in the Reconquista.[1] A number of military leaders who were part of the Spanish American struggle for independence took on political roles in during the establishment of new sovereign nation-states. The establishment of military strong men as the head of new national governments did not generally come via elections, but many did have strong popular support. Caudillos often have a personalist connection with their popular followers, combining charisma and machismo ("manliness"), access to political and economic power. They often desire to legitimize their rule.[2] Many caudillos brought order to their areas of control, but also resorted to violence with their armed supporters to achieve it. The early nineteenth century has been considered the "Age of Caudillos," but authoritarian regimes existed in the twentieth century as well, with caudillismo casting a long shadow.[3]

List of caudillos

Argentina

Bolivia

Chile

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cuba

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

El Salvador

Guatemala

Honduras

Mexico

Nicaragua

Panama

Paraguay

Peru

Puerto Rico

Uruguay

Venezuela

See also

Further reading

Definitions, Theories, and Contexts

Regions and Individuals

References

[39] [40] [41] [42] [43]

Notes and References

  1. Hugh M. Hamill, "Caudillismo, Caudillo". Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 2, p. 38.
  2. Hamill, "Caudillismo, Caudillo", p. 38.
  3. John Lynch, Caudillos in Spanish America, 1800-1850. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1992, p.437.
  4. Roger M. Haigh, "The Creation and Control of a Caudillo" in Caudillos, Hamill, ed. pp. 145–154.
  5. Joseph A. Page. Perón: A Biography. 1983.
  6. Fernando N.A. Cuevillas, "A Case for Caudillaje and Juan Perón" in Caudillos, Ed. Hugh M. Hamill, pp. 285-291.
  7. Domingo F. Sarmiento, "Facundo Quiroga: The Caudillo as Barbarian" in Caudillos, ed. Hamill, pp. 107–114.
  8. John Lynch. Argentine Dictator: Juan Manuel de Rosas, 1829-1852. 1981.
  9. Genaro Arriagada Herrera, "Pinochet's Route to Power" in Hamill, ed. Caudillos, pp. 325-334.
  10. James William Park. Rafael Núñez and the Politics of Colombian Regionalism, 1863-1886. (1985)
  11. Howard J. Wiarda and Michael J. Kryzanek, "Trujillo and the Caudillo Tradition" in Caudillos, Hamill, ed. pp. 246–256
  12. Ralph Lee Woodward, Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-1871. 1993.
  13. Kenneth J. Grieb, Guatemalan Caudillo: The Regime of Jorge Ubico, Guatemala 1931-1944.Athens OH: Ohio University Press 1979
  14. http://www.elheraldo.hn/Ediciones/2008/09/12/Noticias/Politico-e-intelectual-centroamericano Político e intelectual centroamericano
  15. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:GVCxakohOMoJ:www.mexicodiplomatico.org/art_diplomatico_especial/honduras_jose_cecilio_del_valle.pdf DIPLOMATICO DESTACADO
  16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/250895 Jose Cecilio Del Valle: Scholar and Patriot
  17. https://books.google.com/books?id=zYYgC4ltDpsC&pg=PA100&dq=el+sabio+valle Honduras & The Bay Islands
  18. Buchenau, Jurgen. Plutarco Elias Calles and the Mexican Revolution (Denver: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006).
  19. Carleton Beals. Porfirio Díaz, Dictator of Mexico, J.B. Lippincott & Company, Philadelphia, 1932.
  20. Meyer, Michael C. Huerta: A Political Portrait. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 1972.
  21. Zachary Brittsan. Popular Politics and Rebellion in Mexico: Manuel Lozada and La Reforma, 1855-1876. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press 2015.
    • Buchenau, Jürgen (2011). The Last Caudillo: Alvaro Obregón and the Mexican Revolution. Chichester, England: Wiley-Blackwell.
  23. Will Fowler, Santa Anna of Mexico. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 2007.
  24. Tyler, R. Curtis. Santiago Vidaurri and the Southern Confederacy. The Americas Vol. 26, No. 1, (July 1969), pp. 66–76.
  25. [Friedrich Katz]
  27. Alain Rouquié, "Dynasty: Nicaraguan Style" in Caudillos, Hamill, ed. pp. 257–269.
  28. Web site: La espada del general José de Fábrega: una vida al servicio de su pueblo. . 2011 . 2022-10-08 . 2011-10-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111020224633/http://www.fabrega.com/espada.html . dead .
  29. Koster, R.M.; Sánchez, Guillermo (1990). In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990. W W Norton & Co.
    • Priestley, George. Military Government and Popular Participation in Panama: The Torrijos Regime, 1968-1975. (1986)
  31. Vera Blinn Reber. "José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia" in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 2, pp. 607-108. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
  32. John Hoyt Williams, The Rise and Fall of the Paraguayan Republic, 1800-1870 (1979)
  33. James Schofield Saeger (2007). Francisco Solano López and the Ruination of Paraguay: Honor and Egocentrism. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
  34. Paul H. Lewis, Paraguay Under Stroessner. (1980)
  35. James D. Cockcroft, "Paraguay's Stroessner: The Ultimate Caudillo" in Caudillos, Ed. Hugh M. Hamill, pp. 335–348.
  36. Roger Atwood, 'Democratic Dictators: Authoritarian Politics in Peru from Leguia to Fujimori,' SAIS Review, vol. 21, no. 2 (2001), p. 167.doi:10.1353/sais.2001.0030
  37. Walker, Charles F. "Felipe Santiago Salaverry" in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 5, p. 15. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
  38. Quiroz, Alfonso W. "Manuel Ignacio Vivanco" in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 5, p. 429. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
  39. Web site: 19th Century Caudillos - Latin American Studies - Oxford Bibliographies - obo.
  40. Web site: Caudillo | military dictator. 22 March 2024 .
  41. Web site: Caudillismo | Latin American politics.
  42. Web site: Caudillos.
  43. Book: Caudillos in Spanish America 1800–1850. 9780191678189. Oxford University Press. 1992-04-02.

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