List of Haitians explained
This is a list of notable Haitian people. It includes people who were born in Haiti or possess Haitian citizenship, who are notable in Haiti and abroad. Due to Haitian nationality laws, dual citizenship is now permitted by the Constitution of Haiti, therefore people of Haitian ancestry born outside of the country are not included in this list, unless they have renounced their foreign citizenship or have resided extensively in Haiti and made significant contributions to Haitian government or society. The list includes both native-born and naturalized Haitians, as well as permanent foreign residents who have been recognized internationally for artistic, cultural, economic, historical, criminal, or political reasons, among others. If not indicated here, their birth in Haiti and notability are mentioned in their main article. This list does not include fictional characters or Haitian associations and organizations.
Academics
Artists
See main article: List of Haitian artists.
Business
Organized crime and piracy
Economists and finance
Entertainment
Fashion designers
Historical personalities
- Madame Max Adolphe – right-hand woman of François Duvalier during his presidency in Haiti
- Magloire Ambroise – hero of the Haitian Independence
- Anacaona – Taíno cacica (chief) at the time of arrival of Christopher Columbus
- Sanité Bélair – freedom fighter and revolutionary; sergeant in the army of Toussaint Louverture
- Georges Biassou – rebel slave
- Tony Bloncourt – communist who joined the French Resistance against Nazi occupation in World War II
- Rosalvo Bobo – nationalist leader who opposed the U.S. Invasion
- Dutty Boukman – slave who was one of the most visible early leaders of the Haitian Revolution
- Pauline Brice-Thézan – liberal advocator
- Luckner Cambronne – head of the Tonton Macoutes; known as the "Vampire of the Caribbean" for his profiting from the sale of Haitian blood and cadavers to the West for medical uses
- Raymond Cassagnol (fr) – World War II fighter pilot, one of five Haitian members of the Tuskegee Airmen
- Jean-Baptiste Chavannes – Haitian soldier and abolitionist
- Cécile Fatiman – Vodou priestess and a figure of the Haitian Revolution
- Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité – Empress of Haiti (1804–1806) as the spouse of Jean-Jacques Dessalines
- Catherine Flon – sewed the first Haitian flag
- Guy François – colonel of the armed forces of Haiti, accused of conspiring to overthrow the government in 1989 and 2001
- Jean François – rebel slave
- Michel François – Haitian army colonel who plotted a coup d'etat
- Alice Garoute – Haitian suffragist and women's rights advocate, a founder of Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (Feminine League for Social Action)
- Victoire Jean-Baptiste – Haitian politician de facto, mistress to President Florvil Hyppolite
- Jeannot – rebel slave
- Marie-Madeleine Lachenais – first First Lady of Haiti, married to Alexandre Pétion
- Joseph Philippe Lemercier Laroche – engineer and passenger on the ill-fated RMS Titanic
- Adélina Lévêque – Empress Consort of Haiti, 1849–1859, as wife of Faustin I
- Abner Louima – victim of assault and sexual abuse in 1997 by officers of the New York City Police Department[31]
- Macaya – traitor
- François Mackandal – houngan (Vodou priest) and rebel slave leader
- Étienne Mentor – Martinique-born politician who represented Saint-Domingue in the Council of Five Hundred
- Clairvius Narcisse – man said to have been turned into a living zombie by a combination of drugs
- Alix Pasquet – World War II fighter pilot, one of five Haitian members of the Tuskegee Airmen
- Charlemagne Péralte – nationalist leader who opposed the U.S. Invasion
- Gérard Pierre-Charles – politician and former leader of the Unified Party of Haitian Communists
- Jean Baptiste Point du Sable – founder of Chicago, born in Saint-Domingue, the modern-day Haiti
- Marie St. Fleur – first Haitian-American state representative in Massachusetts
- Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau – sociologist and educator, a founder of the Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (Women's Social Action League)[32] [33]
- Modeste Testas – formerly enslaved Ethiopian women, whose life is marked with a statue in Bordeaux
- Charles Terres Weymann – racing pilot and businessman
- Dominique You – privateer, soldier, and politician
Lawyers
Literature
.
- Pradel Henriquez – author: Essai: Declin de la culture haitienne, politique culturelle et pratiques artistiques en Haiti? 1986-2016. Poet: Ces seins nus qu'on arrache au soleil.
- Jacques Stephen Alexis – doctor, poet, novelist, politician and founder of the Haitian Communist Party and PEP: Parti D'entente Populaire.
- Marlène Rigaud Apollon – poet, youth non-fiction writer[35]
- Beaubrun Ardouin – historian and politician
- Céligny Ardouin – historian and politician
- Coriolan Ardouin – romantic poet
- Elsie Augustave – author
- Mimi Barthélémy – writer and storyteller[36]
- Jacqueline Beaugé-Rosier – poet, novelist, educator[37]
- Dantès Bellegarde – historian and diplomat
- Bayyinah Bello – historian
- Michèle Bennett – former First Lady, wife of President for Life Jean-Claude Duvalier, later exiled with him[38]
- Boisrond-Tonnerre – the author of the Independence Act of Haiti
- Emeric Bergeaud – novelist
- Guy Joseph Bonnet – historian, army general, signer of the Haitian Act of Independence
- Jean-Fernand Brierre – poet
- Carl Brouard – poet
- Edner Brutus – historian, diplomat and politician
- Timoléon C. Brutus – historian and politician
- Georges Castera – poet
- Suzy Castor – historian and social activist
- Christophe Charles – poet
- Raymond Chassagne – poet and essayist[39] [40]
- Jean-Baptiste Cinéas – novelist and Supreme Court judge
- Massillon Coicou – poet, novelist, playwright, and politician
- Louis-Philippe Dalembert – novelist, poet and essayist, winner of the Cuban Literary Prize Casa de las Américas
- Edwidge Danticat – American author
- Felix Darfour – journalist
- Maggy de Coster – journalist and poet.[41]
- Michel DeGraff – Creolist who has served on the board of the Journal of Haitian Studies[42]
- Demesvar Delorme – theoretician, writer, and politician
- Lilas Desquiron – novelist, ethnologist, cabinet minister[43]
- Roger Dorsinville – poet, dramatist, historian, and diplomat
- Joel Dreyfuss – Haitian-American journalist, editor, and writer now based in Paris, France
- Oswald Durand – poet and politician, said to be "to Haiti what Shakespeare is to England and Dante to Italy."[44]
- Antoine Dupré – poet and playwright
- Frantz Duval – editor-in-chief of Le Nouvelliste newspaper
- Alibée Féry – playwright, poet, and storyteller
- Jessica Fièvre – novelist, editor[45]
- Jean-Claude Fignolé – author
- Anténor Firmin – anthropologist, journalist, and politician
- Odette Roy Fombrun – author, opened Haiti's first kindergarten
- Frankétienne (born Franck Étienne) – author, poet, playwright, musician and painter. Candidate for Nobel Prize for Literature in 2009
- Fred Edson Lafortune (fr) – poet, writer and editor
- Danielle Legros Georges – award-winning poet, writer, educator, and editor
- Mona Guérin – educator and writer[46]
- Fabrice Guerrier – science fiction and fantasy writer
- Nathalie Handal – award-winning poet, writer, and playwright
- Choiseul Henriquez – journalist
- Fernand Hibbert – novelist, one of the most-widely read Haitian authors
- Ady Jean-Gardy – journalist and activist; founder of the Haitian Press Federation
- Jean-Jacob Jeudy – journalist, activist, politician
- Aubelin Jolicoeur – columnist
- Johny Joseph – journalist and academic
- Raymond Joseph – journalist, diplomat, political activist
- Laurore St. Juste – historian and author
- Dany Laferrière – Haitian-Canadian novelist and journalist, member of the Académie française
- Edmond Laforest – poet, novelist
- Juliette Bussière Laforest-Courtois – teacher and journalist
- Josaphat-Robert Large – poet, novelist and art critic; won the Prix littéraire des Caraïbes (Caribbean literary Prize) in 2003
- Dimitry Elias Léger – novelist
- François-Romain Lhérisson – poet and educator
- Thomas Madiou – his work Histoire d'Haïti (English: History of Haiti) is considered one of the most valuable documents of Haitian literature
- Marie-Sœurette Mathieu – sociologist, teacher and writer now residing in Quebec.[47]
- Jules Solime Milscent – fabulist, poet, and politician
- Michèle Montas – journalist
- Charles Moravia – poet, dramatist, teacher, and diplomat
- Félix Morisseau-Leroy – author, writer, educator, activist, poet, and playwright
- Émile Nau – historian and politician
- Marilene Phipps – Haitian-American poet, painter, and short-story writer
- Pradel Pompilus – writer and scholar, best known for his three-volume study of Haitian literature.[48]
- Paulette Poujol-Oriol – educator, writer and feminist[49]
- Emmelie Prophète – writer and diplomat[50]
- Jacques Roumain – poet, novelist, editor
- Émile Roumer – poet
- Edris Saint-Amand – novelist
- Rodney Saint-Éloi – poet
- Prince Saunders – author; emigrated to Haiti from the United States
- Elsie Suréna – poet, photographer
- Marie-Alice Théard – writer
- Pierre Richard Osias - Poet,author, writer
- Évelyne Trouillot – author[51]
- Jocelyne Trouillot – writer
- Alain Turnier – historian
- Gary Victor – writer and playwright[52] [53]
- Etzer Vilaire – poet
- René Depestre – author, writer, activist, poet
Medicine
Monarchs
Music
- Frisner Augustin – major performer and composer of Haitian Vodou drumming
- Othello Bayard – musician, violinist, poet, and composer; wrote the music for the patriotic song "Haïti Chérie"[62] [63]
- Barikad Crew – hip hop group
- BélO – interpreter, composer and guitarist
- Bigga Haitian – first Haitian singer to break into the Jamaican reggae scene
- Toto Bissainthe – folk music artist
- Carmen Brouard – composer and pianist[64]
- Alexandrine-Caroline Branchu – French opera soprano (born in Cap-Français, Saint-Domingue; the modern-day Cap-Haïtien, Haiti)
- Michael Brun – DJ, record producer
- John Steve Brunache – musician
- Frantz Casseus – guitarist and composer
- Dener Ceide – Haitian musician, composer, arranger and producer
- Manno Charlemagne – political folk singer-songwriter and acoustic guitarist, lifelong political activist and former politician
- Coupé Cloué – singer and bandleader
- Félix Cumbé – Haitian-Dominican singer-songwriter of merengue and bachata music
- Euphémie Daguilh – composer and choreographer, royal mistress of emperor Jean-Jacques Dessalines
- Jerry Duplessis – Grammy Award-winning musical composer and record producer[65]
- Justin Elie – composer and pianist,[66] one of the best-known composers outside of Haiti[67]
- Yanick Etienne – singer
- Eddy François (singer) – founding member of Boukman Eksperyans and Boukan Ginen
- Gardy Girault – electronic musician, DJ, record producer[68]
- Nicolas Geffrard – musician; composed Haitian national anthem
- Jazz Guignard – distinguished by his completion of one of the first noncommercial recordings of Haitian music
- Lee Holdridge – multi-award-winning Haitian-born composer
- Fred Hype – beatmaker and producer[69]
- Imposs – Canadian rapper
- Werner Jaegerhuber – known for composing "Messe sur les Airs Vodouesques".
- Misty Jean – singer
- Wyclef Jean – Grammy Award-winning singer and former member of The Fugees, hip hop recording artist, musician, actor, and politician[70]
- Nemours Jean-Baptiste – composer and band leader; credited with being the inventor of compas direct
- Val Jeanty – vodou electronica turntablist, percussionist and artist
- Jimmy O – rapper[71]
- Romel Joseph – violinist and music educator.[72]
- Kaytranada – DJ, record producer
- Ludovic Lamothe – composer and virtuoso pianist
- Andrée Lescot – folk singer; daughter of former president Élie Lescot.[73]
- Ti Manno – singer, guitar player, keyboard player, and percussionist
- Master Dji – rapper
- MC Tee – rapper
- Luck Mervil – singer-songwriter
- Emeline Michel – singer
- Mikaben – singer-songwriter, composer and producer[74]
- Michel Mauléart Monton – composer; notable for composing the classic song choucoune (known as yellow bird in the English version)[75] [76]
- Emerante Morse – singer
- Richard Auguste Morse – founder of a mizik rasin band, RAM, named after his initials, and famous in Haiti for their political songs
- Beethova Obas – guitarist[77]
- Carlos Alfredo Peyrellade (1840–1908) – Haitian classical pianist and music educator
- J. Perry – singer-songwriter; song Dekole inspired the theme of the 2012 Carnival and was awarded a Gold Disk Plaque
- Qwote – singer
- Fabrice Rouzier – pianist, producer, and entrepreneur
- Sha Money XL – rapper[78]
- Sweet Micky – singer, politician
- Webert Sicot – saxophone player, composer and band leader, and one of the creators of compas direct. He renamed the music cadence rampa after he left Nemours' band in 1962.
- Ti Ro Ro – drummer; known as 'King of the drum' in Haiti
- André Toussaint – singer and guitarist
- Won-G Bruny – rapper and entrepreneur
- Édouard Woolley – tenor, actor, composer, and music educator
- Sweet Micky – singer, politician
- Arly Lariviere – Haitian musician, composer and keyboardist
- Jean-Hérard Richard dit "Richie" batteur, arrangeur, compositeur, chanteur, superstar maker, rappeur, considéré actuellement comme étant le G.O.A.T du compas direct durant les 20-25 dernières années de la musique haïtienne. (Mise à jour par Gabriel Lopes, le 19 Avril 2024)
Naturalists and agronomists
Political figures
- André Apaid – politician and activist leader of Group 184, which helped oust President Jean-Bertrand Aristide
- Jean-Bertrand Aristide – President of Haiti
- Prosper Avril – President of Haiti (1988–1990)
- Jean-Claude Bajeux – political activist and professor of Caribbean literature
- Marc Bazin – United Nations diplomat and World Bank official
- Jean-Pierre Boyer – soldier and President of Haiti
- François Capois – hero of the war of independence
- Ulrick Chérubin – Canadian politician
- Bonivert Claude – former governor of the Banque de la République d'Haïti
- Jean Rénald Clérismé – politician, diplomat, and ambassador
- Marie-Louise Coidavid – Queen of Haiti (1811–1820) as the spouse of Henri I
- Philippe Derose – first Haitian elected to public office in the U.S.
- Emmanuel Dubourg – Canadian politician
- Thomas-Alexandre Dumas – general in Revolutionary France, the highest-ranking person of color in a continental European army
- François Duvalier – former President for Life
- Jean-Claude Duvalier – President of Haiti
- Simone Duvalier – First Lady of the 'Baby Doc' regime
- Mathieu Eugene – U.S. New York City councilman
- Jonathas Granville – soldier, diplomat, civil servant, musician and poet. He promoted the emigration of free Blacks from the U.S. to Haiti.
- Joseph Balthazar Inginac – General of the Pétion-Boyer administration.[82]
- Michaëlle Jean – former Governor General of Canada
- Raymond Joseph – diplomat, political activist, journalist, Haitian ambassador to the United States (2005–2010)
- Gérard Latortue – Prime Minister and official in the United Nations
- Jacques Nicolas Léger – politician, diplomat
- Toussaint Louverture – father of Haiti, leader of Haitian slave rebellion, military general in the Haitian Revolution
- Léonie Coicou Madiou (1891–1974), political activist
- Michel Martelly – musician (a.k.a. Sweet Micky) and President of Haiti
- Alice Téligny Mathon – feminine activist
- Jovenel Moïse – President (2017–2021)
- Vincent Ogé – revolutionary
- Gerald Oriol Jr. – Secretary of State for the Integration of Persons with Disabilities
- Ertha Pascal-Trouillot – provisional President of Haiti 1990–1991, the first woman to hold that office
- Jean Jacques Dessalines – First Haitian Emperor, leader of the Haitian Revolution and first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution.[83]
- Charlemagne Péralte – nationalist leader and revolutionary
- Alexandre Pétion – nationalist, revolutionary and first President of Haiti
- Solange Pierre – human rights advocate in the Dominican Republic who worked to end antihaitianismo
- Michèle Pierre-Louis – second female Prime Minister of Haiti (2008–2009)
- René Préval – President (2006–2011)
- Julien Raimond – agriculturalist and revolutionary
- André Rigaud – military leader during the Haitian Revolution
- François C. Antoine Simon – President (1908–1911)
- Sténio Vincent – President of Haiti (1930–1941)
- Claudette Werleigh – first Haitian woman to become Prime Minister
Religion
Science
Sports
American football players
Basketball
Boxing
Football
Other sports
- Ronald Agénor – professional tennis player
- Ludovic Augustin – Olympic sport shooter, part of the team that won Haiti's first Olympic medal, at the 1924 Summer Olympics
- Ange Jean Baptiste – judoka who has participated internationally. She won a silver medal at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games.
- Maxime Boisclair – professional Canadian hockey player
- Joel Brutus – judoka, won a silver medal at the 2003 Pan American Games
- Dayana Cadeau – Haitian-born Canadian-American professional bodybuilder
- Josué Cajuste – Paralympic athlete
- Asnage Castelly – Olympic wrestler; founder of the Haitian Wrestling Federation
- Silvio Cator – former world record holder in long jump and Olympic silver medal winner at 1928 Summer Olympics
- L. H. Clermont – Olympic sport shooter who was part of the team that won Haiti's first ever Olympic medal, a bronze in team free rifle at the 1924 Summer Olympics
- Gerald Clervil – Olympic track and field athlete
- André Corvington – Olympic fencer; competed in the individual foil event at the 1900 Summer Olympics
- Dadi Denis – Olympic sprinter
- Linouse Desravine – judoka
- Destin Destine – Olympic sport shooter; part of the team that won the first Olympic medal for Haiti
- C. Dupre – Olympic sport shooter
- Victoria Duval – professional tennis player
- Ginou Etienne – Olympic track and field athlete
- Neyssa Etienne – professional tennis player
- Gina Faustin – Olympic fencer; competed in the individual foil event at the 1984 Summer Olympics
- Nadine Faustin-Parker – Olympic hurdler and medal winner at the 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games
- Edrick Floréal – Olympic long and triple jumper who competed for Canada
- Naomy Grand'Pierre – Olympic swimmer
- Constantin Henriquez – Olympic Rugby player and footballer; co-founder of Haitian football
- Yves Jabouin – mixed martial arts fighter
- Nephtalie Jean-Louis – Paralympic athlete
- Jeffrey Julmis – Olympic sprinter
- Dieudonné LaMothe – long-distance runner, the first sportsperson from Haiti to take part in four Olympic Games
- Ernst Laraque – judoka from Haiti, won a bronze medal at the 2003 Pan American Games
- Parnel Legros – former Olympic judoka
- Aniya Louissaint – Olympic Taekwondo athlete
- Bertrand Madsen – former professional tennis player
- Eloi Metullus – Olympic sport shooter; part of the team that won the first Olympic medal for Haiti
- Jean-Louis Michel – fencing master (born in Saint-Domingue)
- Charles Olemus – Olympic track and field athlete
- Barbara Pierre – track and field sprint athlete in the Pan American Games
- Astrel Rolland – Olympic sport shooter
- Claude Roumain – Olympic sprinter
- Deborah Saint-Phard – Olympic shot putter at the 1988 Summer Olympics
- Tudor Sanon – taekwondo athlete
- Alain Sergile – swimmer who competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics
- Bruny Surin – 1996 Canadian Olympian, gold-medal-winning sprinter
- André Théard – Olympic sprinter; competed for Haiti at the 1924, 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics
- Léon Thiércelin – Olympic fencer; competed in the individual foil event at the 1900 Summer Olympics
- Ludovic Valborge – Olympic sport shooter, part of the team that won Haiti's first Olympic medal, at the 1924 Summer Olympics
- Sheila Viard – Olympic fencer; competed in the individual foil event at the 1984 Summer Olympics
- Claude Vilgrain – Canadian professional hockey player
See also
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: Sumayya Usmani's culinary journey: a Haitian love story. Usmani. Sumayya. 9 September 2017. The Herald Scotland. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180410171830/http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/15525967.Sumayya_Usmani__39_s_culinary_journey__a_Haitian_love_story/. 10 April 2018. 2018-04-10.
- Web site: Faculty Profiles . Trinity College . 22 June 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110428061420/http://internet2.trincoll.edu/facProfiles/Default.aspx?fid=1000566 . 28 April 2011 .
- Web site: The Equality of the Human Races. Firmin . Anténor . Introduction by Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban. 2002. University of Illinois Press. 24 January 2010.
- Fluehr-Lobban. Carolyn. 2005. Anténor Firmin and Haiti's contribution to anthropology. Gradhiva - musée du quai Branly. 2005 : Haïti et l'anthropologie. 95–108.
- Book: San Miguel, Pedro L. . The Imagined Island: History, Identity, and Utopia in Hispaniola . The University of North Carolina Press . 2005 . United States . 67–97 . 0-8078-5627-4 .
- Book: Schutt-Ainé, Patricia . Haiti: A Basic Reference Book . Librairie Au Service de la Culture . 1994 . Miami, Florida . 0-9638599-0-0 . 105.
- Web site: Michel-Rolph Trouillot. 2007-12-29. University of Chicago. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20071214034434/http://anthropology.uchicago.edu/faculty/faculty_trouillot.shtml. 2007-12-14.
- http://www.hpnhaiti.com/site/index.php/societe/6559-deces-de-leminent-intellectuel-et-universitaire--michel-rolph-trouillot Haiti Press Network, Décès de l'éminent intellectuel et universitaire: Michel-Rolph Trouillot:
- Book: Historical Dictionary of Haiti. 2012. Scarecrow Press. Lanham, Maryland, U.S.. 978-0-8108-7810-5. 31; 121. Michael R. Hall. 5 May 2014.
- News: Haiti's elite sees business opportunities emerging from reconstruction . Forero, Juan . 15 February 2010 . Washington Post . 14 July 2015.
- Web site: New Haitian Leader Pledges Reconciliation . Archibold, Randal C. . 5 April 2011 . New York Times . 14 July 2015.
- News: Leland. John. 2020-08-28. Bernard Fils-Aimé, Haitian Activist and Cellphone Mogul, Dies at 67. en-US. The New York Times. 2020-09-26. 0362-4331.
- Book: Silencing the Guns in Haiti: The Promise of Deliberative Democracy . registration . Antoine Izméry haitian. . 8 December 1997 . Stotzky, Irwin P. . 121 . 0226776263 . The University of Chicago Press . 12 November 2015.
- News: Jacqueline. Charles. Viter Juste, Haitian community pioneer and leader, dies at 87 . . 2012-11-28 . 2012-12-19.
- News: Activist Who Gave Name "Little Haiti" Its Name Passes Away . . 2012-11-20 . 2012-12-19.
- Web site: Amid Strife, Haiti Parliament Struggles With Itself . Pierre, Garry-Pierre . 31 October 1993 . New York Times . 16 January 2010.
- News: Jacqueline . Charles . Haitian leader René Préval is on his honeymoon . . 2009-12-07 . 2010-01-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110714082448/http://m.miamiherald.com/mh/db_508/contentdetail.htm%3Bjsessionid%3D8B61153B54B64696AA30E442D3C2C942?contentguid=AOG9JuNw&detailindex=0&pn=0&ps=3 . 2011-07-14 .
- News: Haiti - Politic : Michel Martelly has designated Daniel-Gérard Rouzier as Prime Minister. 20 May 2011. Haïti Libre. 7 May 2014.
- Web site: Daniel Rouzier Appointed as Honorary Consul for Jamaica to Haiti. 2 June 2010. Food for the Poor. Coconut Creek, Florida. 7 May 2014.
- Web site: Love & Hip Hop Producer Mona Scott Young & New York Knicks Legend John Starks Receive Carma Foundation's Lifetime Achievement Award . Robinson, Brandon . 23 June 2014 . The Source . 12 November 2015.
- https://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2005/10/19/would_be_candidate_fights_for_chance_to_change_haiti/ "Would-be candidate fights for chance to change Haiti"
- Partners in Help: Assisting the Poor Over the Long Term . Farmer, Paul . 29 July 2011 . Foreign Affairs . 12 November 2015.
- David Grann, The Atlantic Monthly, July 2001, Giving "The Devil" His Due.
- Web site: Chambers by department. Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Haiti. 25 March 2015. 26 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190426062723/http://www.ccih.org.ht/home/presentation-de-la-ccih/les-chambres-departementales/. dead.
- Web site: Haiti - Economy : Installation of the 1st Support Service for Businesses in Ouanaminthe. HaitiLibre. HaitiLibre. 25 March 2015.
- Web site: REGINALD FILS-AIMÉ. Embassy of the Republic of Haiti.
- Book: Notes From the Last Testament: The Struggle for Haiti . 55. Deibert, Michael. 2011. Seven Stories Press. 978-1-60980-105-2.
- Web site: Chambers. Seve. Val-Inc Brings Haiti to a Bed-Stuy Studio. The Local – Fort Greene. 25 February 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150225062106/http://fort-greene.thelocal.nytimes.com/2011/10/24/val-inc/. 25 February 2015. dead. dmy-all.
- Web site: A candid conversation with famed Haitian songstress TiCorn (Cornelia Schutt) . Ardain, Isma . 7 March 2014 . CSMS Magazine . 17 February 2016.
- Web site: Kreolische Chansons mit TiCorn . Press . 20 September 2015 . Mallorca Magazin . 17 February 2016 . de . 25 February 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160225114146/http://mallorcamagazin.com/was-wann-wo/szene/kreolische-chansons-mit-ticorn.html . dead .
- News: Herszenhorn. David M.. Family Describes a Readily Friendly Man. January 5, 2014. The New York Times. August 13, 1997.
- Web site: Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau, Haïti (1903-1970). Dorce, Ricarson. 9 December 2014. Citoyennes. 14 February 2016 . fr.
- Web site: Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau. Claude-Narcisse, Jasmine. Haiticulture.ch. 1997. 14 February 2016. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20160217045933/http://www.haiticulture.ch/Madeleine_Sylvain-Bouchereau.html. 17 February 2016. dead.
- http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705358212/Haitians-in-Utah-work-phones.html?pg=2 Deseret News, Jan. 13, 2010
- Web site: Marlène Rigaud Apollon . 11 July 2008 . ile en ile . fr.
- Web site: Mimi Barthélémy . Africultures . fr.
- Web site: Jacqueline Beaugé-Rosier . 26 June 2007 . ile en ile . fr.
- News: 4 January 1986 . Duvalier’s wife claims full partnership . Ottawa Citizen .
- Web site: Le poète haïtien Raymond Chassagne est mort . 30 May 2013 . ActuaLitté . 3 October 2013. fr.
- Book: Caribbean writers: a bio-bibliographical-critical encyclopedia . 338 . Herdeck, Donald E. . Donald E. Herdeck. Lubin, Maurice Alcibiade . Laniak-Herdeck, Margaret . 1979 . 9780914478744 . 3 October 2015.
- Web site: Margareth Lizaire / Maggy De Coster . ile en ile . fr.
- Zéphir. Flore . Flore Zéphir . Creolist Michel Degraff: A profile of Commitment, Advocacy, Excellence and Hope. Journal of Haitian Studies. Fall 2012. 18. 2. 268.
- Web site: Lilas Desquiron . ile en ile . 4 December 2013 . fr.
- P. Schutt-Ainé, Haiti: A Basic Reference Book, 95
- Web site: Jessica Fièvre . ile en ile . 2 November 2007 . fr.
- News: Mona Guérin : une vie bien remplie . Le Matin . fr.
- Web site: Recherche - l'Île.
- P. Schutt-Ainé, Haiti: A Basic Reference Book, 105
- Web site: Hommage à Paulette Poujol-Oriol. Berrouët-Oriol, Robert. Potomitan. 13 March 2011. 7 February 2016 . fr.
- Web site: Emmelie Prophète . ile en ile . 6 March 2007 . fr.
- Web site: Évelyne Trouillot . ile en ile . 16 June 2002 . fr.
- http://www.lehman.edu/ile.en.ile/paroles/victor.html CUNY Lehman - Gary Victor
- Web site: The Segal Center - Contemporary Haitian Theatre: Playwright & Novelist Gary Victor . 2015-10-12 . 2017-09-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170926223756/http://thesegalcenter.org/event/contemporary-haitian-theatre-playwright-novelist-gary-victor/ . dead .
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- Jean Jacques Dessalines
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