List of German abbreviations explained

This list of German abbreviations includes abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms found in the German language. Because German words can be famously long, use of abbreviation is particularly common. Even the language's shortest words are often abbreviated, such as the conjunction und (and) written just as "u." This article covers standard abbreviations in colloquial and official use. It does not include abbreviations that are important historically but no longer in common usage, such as k. u. k. for Imperial and Royal and OKW for Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.

Types

As in English or Latin, German written abbreviations consist of a letter, letters or partial words shortened from a longer word or phrase, such as etc. for et cetera. Acronyms are a type of abbreviation pronounced as a single word, such as Laser. Initialisms are abbreviations in which each initial in the abbreviation is pronounced separately, such as FBI. It is unsettled question in English style guides whether the word acronym can be used to also describe initialisms. This list makes a distinction between the types because of the way German-speakers create, use and pronounce them.

• Abbreviations: German written abbreviations are often punctuated and are pronounced as the full word when read aloud, such as beispielsweise for bspw. ("for example"). Unlike English, which is moving away from periods in abbreviations in some style guides, the placement of capital letters and periods is important in German.^[1]
• Acronyms are abbreviations consisting of initials of words in the original phrase, written without periods, and pronounced as if they were a single word. Examples that have made their way into German from English include Laser or NATO. In German, acronyms retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.^[1]
• Syllable words (German: Silbenkurzwörter), or syllabic abbreviation or clipping, is a particularly German method of creating an abbreviation by combining the first two or more letters of each word to form a single word. An example is the gummy bear brand Haribo, which is derived from the name of its creator Hans Riegel and the city where it was created, Bonn. A number of German syllable words have made it into English usage, such as Adidas, from company founder Adi Dassler, and Gestapo for Geheime StaatsPolizei (Secret State Police). Although used and pronounced as words in their own right, according to Helmut Glück they are classified as acronyms.^[2]
• Initialism is a type of abbreviation consisting of the initials of each word in a phrase, almost always capitalized, and pronounced separately. In German they are never punctuated. Examples include EU for European Union and DDR for German Democratic Republic. Initialisms are typically found in commercial, government, legal, medical, scientific and technical uses. In German, initialisms retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.^[1]

Key to Sources in Tables

These sources apply to all three tables. In special cases an entry will be additionally referenced.

Key	Source	Dates	Type	Citation
L	Langenscheidt's Compact German Dictionary	1993, 2003	Reference work	^[3]
Da	Dartmouth College Department of German	2019	academic website
DW	Deutsche Welle	2015, 2020	Public broadcaster	^[4] ^[5] ^[6]
T	ThoughtCo, via Dotdash	2020	Listicle	^[7]
F	FluentU, based on abkuerzungen.de https://abkuerzungen.de	2018	Blog	^[8]

List of German abbreviations

This is a selection of standard written abbreviations and symbols in German. The primary reference is Langenscheidt with additional sources providing more current uses and an indication of their popularity. German abbreviations are pronounced just like the full word or phrase when read aloud. Measurements are normally reduced to initials, written in lowercase, and without punctuation. Measurements of capacity in cooking can be uppercase.

Abbreviation	German	English Equivalent	Notes	Sources
Ø	Durchschnitt	average		^[9]
€	Euro	Euro		T
	geboren (geb.)	born		T
†	gestorben (gest.)	died		T
Abzw.	Abzweigung	diversion		F
am.	amerikanisch	American	adjective	L, T
amtl.	amtlich	official		L, T
Anh.	Anhang	appendix		L, T
Ank.	Ankunft	arrival		L, T
Anl.	Anlage	enclosure		L, T
Anm.	Anmerkung	note		L, T
anschl.	anschließend	following		L
a.o.	außerordentlicher Professor	Associate professor		L
App.	Apartment/Wohnung	apartment	accommodations/real estate	L, T, F
App.	Apparat	extension	telephone	L
a.Rh.	am Rhein	on the Rhine	in place names	L, T
Art.	Artikel	article		L
Aufl.	Auflage	edition	books	L, T
Ausg.	Ausgabe	copy	books	L
AW	Antwort	Re:, in reply	email	T
B	Bundesstraße	Federal highway	German and Austrian national highways	L
b.	bei	at, with, near, c/o		L, T
Bd., Bde.	Band, Bände	volume(s)	books	L, T
beil.	beiliegend	enclosed		L, T
bes.	besonders	especially		L, T
bspw.	beispielsweise	for example		Da, F
Best.-Nr.	Bestellnummer	order number		L, T
Betr.	Betreff	Re:, regarding		L, T
Bev.	Bevölkerung	pop., population		L
Bez.	Bezeichnung, Bezirk	term, designationdistrict		L, T
Bhf.	Bahnhof	railroad station		L, T
brit.	britisch	British	as an adjective	L
b.w.	bitte wenden	please turn over	common way to close an email message to friends	L, T, F
bzgl.	bezüglich	with reference to	relating to, regarding	L, T
bzw.	beziehungsweise	respectively	meaning varies in context, can also be: and/or, but, rather, alternatively, more specifically	L, Da, DW, T, F
ca.	circa, ungefähr, etwa	circa, about, approximately		L, T
Chr.	Christus	Christ		T
cm	Zentimeter	Centimetre		L, Da
d.Ä.	der Ältere	senior, the elder, Sr.	also see d.J. below	L, T
dazw.	dazwischen	between		F
ders.	derselbe	the same
desgl.	desgleichen	likewise, ditto		F
dF, dtF	deutsche Fassung	German dubbed version	film/movies	T
dgl.	dergleichen/desgleichen	the like		L, T, Da
d.h.	das heißt	i.e., that is		L, T
d.i.	das ist	i.e., that is		L
Di	Dienstag	Tuesday	date/time	L, T
Dipl.	Diplom	Diplom	an academic degree in the German-speaking countries	L
Dipl.-Ing.	Diplom-Ingenieur	Engineer, M.S.		L, T
Dipl.-Kfm.	Diplom-Kaufmann	Master of Business Administration		T
Dir.	Direktion	administrative office		T
Dir.	Direktor	administrator, manager, principal		L, T
Dir.	Dirigent	conductor	of music	T
d.J.	der Jüngere	junior, the younger, Jr.	also see d.Ä. above	L, T
d.M.	dieses Monats	of this month		L, F
d.O.	die (das) Obige	the above-mentioned		L
d.o.	dito	ditto		L, F
Do	Donnerstag	Thursday	date/time	L, T
Dr.	Doktor	Doctor		L
Dr. med.	Doktor der Medizin	M.D., Medical Doctor		L, T
Dr. phil.	Doktor der Philosophie	Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy		L, T
Dr. sc. nat.	Doktor der Naturwissenschaften	Sc. D., Doctor of Science		L
dt.	deutsch	German	as an adjective	L, T
Dtzd.	Dutzend	dozen		L, T
e.h.	ehrenhalber	hon., honorary	degree, etc.	L, T
ehem.	ehemals/ehemalig	formerly/former		L, T
eigtl.	eigentlich	actually, really		L, T
einschl.	einschließlich	including, inclusive		L, T
engl.	englisch	English	as an adjective	L
EL	Esslöffel	tpsp., tablespoon	in recipes	T, Da
E-Literatur	erhobene Literatur	serious literature		T
E-Musik	erhobene Musik	Classical music		T
entspr.	entsprechend	corresponding, accordingly		L, T
erb.	erbaut	built, erected		L, T
Erw.	Erwachsene	adults		L, T
erw.	erweitert	expanded, extended		T
ev.	evangelisch	Protestant		L, T
e.V.	eingetragener Verein	registered organizationnot-for-profit organization		Da, L, T
evtl.	eventuell	perhaps, possibly	note this does not mean "eventually"	Da, L, T
e.Wz.	eingetragenes Warenzeichen	registered trademark		T
exkl.	exklusive	excluding, exclusive of		L, T
f.	für	for		DW
f./ff.	folgende Seite(n)	and following page(s)		L, F
Fa.	Firma	company, firm		L, T
Fam.	Familie	family		L, T
FdH	Friss die Hälfte	Eating half	Popular German dieting practice which recommends eating only half of what you'd usually ingest during a typical day	DW
F.f., Forts. f.	Fortsetzung folgt	to be continued		L, T
Ffm.	Frankfurt am Main	Frankfurt		T
FKK	Freikörperkultur	Free Body Culture	nudist movement with a long history in Germany	L, DW
Fr	Freitag	Friday	date/time	L, T, DW
Fr.	Frau	Mrs./Ms.		L, T, DW
fr.	frei	free		DW
Frl.	Fräulein	Miss	In modern usage any German woman age 18 or above is addressed as Frau, whether married or not.	L, T
Frfr.	Freifrau	Baroness		DW
frz.	französisch	French	as an adjective	L, T
g	Gramm	gram, grams		L, T
geb.	geboren, geborene	born, née		L, T, Da, F
Gebr.	Gebrüder	Bros., brothers		L, T
gedr.	gedruckt	printed		T
gegr.	gegründet	established, founded		L, T
gek.	gekürzt	abridged	of books	L, T
Ges.	Gesellschaft	association, company, society		L, T
gesch.	geschieden	divorced		L, T, DW
geschl.	geschlossen	closed		DW
geschr.	geschrieben	written		DW
ges.gesch.	gesetzlich geschützt	patented		L, DW
gest.	gestorben	died, deceased		L, T
gez.	gezeichnet	signed		L, T
ggf./ggfs.	gegebenenfalls	if applicable, if required		L, T, Da
GmbH	Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung	Limited liability company	GesmbH in Austria	L, T
gGmbH	gemeinnützige GmbH	Nonprofit organization		L
ha	Hektar	Hectare		L, T
Hbf.	Hauptbahnhof	Central railway station		L, T
hpts.	hauptsächlich	mainly		T
Hptst.	Hauptstadt	capital city		T
Hr./Hrn.	Herr/Herrn	Mister		L, T
Hrsg.	Herausgeber	editor, edited by		L, T
i.A.	im Auftrag	per, as per	often at the bottom of an official letter when somebody signs on behalf of somebody else	L, T
i.b.	im besonderen	in particular		L, T
i.B.	im Breisgau	in Breisgau	used in place names	T
IC	Intercityzug	InterCity train		T
ICE	Intercity-Expresszug	Intercity Express		T
i.D.	im Durchschnitt	on average		L, F
i.H.	im Hause	in-house, on the premises		T
i.J.	im Jahre	in the year		L, T
Ing.	Ingenieur	engineer	title	L, T
Inh.	Inhaber	owner, proprietor		L, T
Inh.	Inhalt	contents	books	L, T
inkl.	inklusive	including, inclusive of		L, T
i.R.	im Ruhestand	ret., retired		L, T
i.V.	in Vertretung	by proxy, on behalf of		T
i.V.	in Vorbereitung	in preparation		T
i.V.	im Vorjahr	in the previous year		L, T
inzw.	inzwischen	in the meantime		F
jew.	jeweils	each, each of, each time
Jh.	Jahrhundert	century		L, T, F
JH	Jugendherberge	youth hostel		T
jhrl.	jährlich	annual(ly), yearly	date/time	L, T
JWD	janz weit draussen	way out there	Berliner dialect for "in the middle of nowhere"	DW
k.A.	keine Angabe	not rated	film/movies	T
Kap.	Kapitel	chapter		L, T
kath.	katholisch	Catholic	adjective	L, T
Kfm.	Kaufmann	merchant, businessman, dealer, agent		L, T
kfm.	kaufmännisch	commercial		L, T
Kfz	Kraftfahrzeug	motor vehicle		L, T
kg	Kilogramm	kilogram		L, F
kgl.	königlich	royal		L, T
Kl.	Klasse	class		L, T
km	Kilometer	kilometer		L, F
kompl.	komplette	complete		F
kW	Kilowatt	kilowatt		L, F
l	Liter	liter, litre		L, T, Da
l.	links	left		L, F
led.	ledig	unmarried		L, F
LG	Liebe Grüsse	loving regards	common way to close an email message to friends	DW
LKW/Lkw	Lastkraftwagen	truck, lorry	also used for Sport Utility Vehicle	L, T
L.m.a.A	Leck mich am Arsch	kiss my ass	Known as the Swabian salute, via Goethe and Mozart^[10]	DW
m	Meter	meter		L, F
mm	Millimeter	millimeter		L, F
MA	Mittlealter	Middle Ages		L, T
m.a.W.	mit anderen Worten	in other words		L, F
max.	maximal	maximum		L
m.E.	meines Erachtens	in my opinion		L, T, Da, F
MfG	Mit freundlichen Grüßen	with friendly regards	for formal emails, the standard way of closing a German business letter	DW, T, F
Mi	Mittwoch	Wednesday	date/time	L, T
Mil.	Million(en)	million(s)		L
Mio.	Million(en)	million(s)		L, T
m.M./m.M.n.	meiner Meinung/meiner Meinung nach	in my opinion		F, DW
Mo	Montag	Monday	date/time	L, T
möbl.	möbliert	furnished	accommodation/real estate	L, T
Mrd.	Milliarde(n)	billion(s)		L, T
Msp.	Messerspitze	"knife tip", a pinch of...	recipes	T
mtl.	monatlich	monthly	date/time	L, T
mdl.	mündlich	verbal		L
m.ü.M.	Meter über dem Meerespiegel	meters above sea level		L
m.W.	meines Wissens	as far as I know		L, T, F
MwSt.,Mw.-St.	Mehrwertsteuer	VAT, Value-Added Tax	In Switzerland, MWST	L, T
N	Nord(en)	north	compass point	L, T
n.	nach	after		L
näml.	nämlich	namely, viz., i.e.		L, T
n.Chr.	nach Christus	AD, Anno Domini		L, T, Da
n.J.	nächsten Jahres	next year		L
NNO	Nordnordost	north-northeast	compass point	T
NNW	Nordnordwest	north-northwest	C	T
NO	Nordosten	northeast	C	L, T
nördl.	nördlich	northern		L
norw.	norwegisch	Norwegian	as an adjective	L
Nr.	Nummer	No., number		L, T
NS	Nachschrift	PS, postscript		T
n.u.Z.	nach unserer Zeitrechnung	modern era		T
NW	Nordwest(en)	northwest	compass point	L
O	Ost(en)	east	compass point	L, T, DW
o.	oben	above		L, T, DW
o.	oder	or		L, DW
o.	ohne	without		L, DW
ö	öffentlich	public		DW
o.A.	ohne Altersbeschränkung	approved for all ages	film/movies	T
o.a.	oben angeführt	above-mentioned		L
o.ä.	oder ähnliche	and the like		L
o.B.	ohne Befund	negative results		L
od.	oder	or		L, T, Da
o.g.	oben genannt	above mentioned		T
OmU	Originalfassung mit Untertiteln	original version with subtitles	in film/movies	T
OSO	Ostsüdost	east-southeast	compass point	T
O-Ton	Originalton	original soundtrack	film/movies	T
österr.	österreichisch	Austrian	as an adjective	L
p.Adr.	per Adresse	c/o, care of		L, T
Pf.	Pfarrei; Pfarrer	Parish; Parish priest, parson, pastor		^[11] |-|Pfd.|Pfund|lb., pound|weight|L, T|-|Pkt.|Punkt|point||L, F|-|Pkw/PKW|Personenkraftwagen|automobile, car||L, T|-|Pl.|Platz|square, plaza||L, T|-|PLZ|Postleitzahl|postal code||L, T|-|PS|Pferdestärke|horsepower||L, T|-|qkm|Quadratkilometer|square kilometer|obsolete, k^2 is preferred|L, T|-|qm|Quadratmeter|square meter|obsolete, m^2 is preferred|L, T|-|r.|rechts|right||L, T|-|RA|Rechtsanwalt|attorney, lawyer, barrister||L, T|-|Reg.-Bez.|Regierungsbezirk|admin. district||L, T|-|R-Gespräch|Retour-Gespräch|collect call, reverse-charge call||T|-|r.k., r.-k., röm.-kath.|römisch-katholisch|RC, Roman Catholic||L, T|-|röm.|römisch|Roman|adjective|L, T|-|S|Süd(en)|south|compass point|L, T, DW|-|S.|Seite|p., page||T, DW|-|s.|sich|oneself, yourself|with reflexive verbs|T|-|s.|siehe|see||L, DW|-|s.a.|siehe auch|see also||T, Da|-|Sa.|Samstag|Saturday|date/time|L, T|-|schles.|schlesisch|Silesian|as an adjective|T|-|schwäb.|schwäbisch|Swabian|as an adjective|T|-|schweiz.|schweizerisch|Swiss|as an adjective|L, T|-|sek.|Sekunde|second|date/time|F|-|SO|Südost(en)|south-east|compass point|L, DW|-|So|Sonntag|Sunday|date/time|T, DW|-|s.o.|siehe oben|see above||L, T, DW|-|sog.|so genannt|so-called||L, T, DW|-|St.|Sankt|saint||L, T|-|St.|Stück|(per) piece||L, T, F|-|Std.|Stunde|hour||L, F|-|Str.|Straße|street, road||L, F|-|StR.|Studienrat|tenured teacher||T|-|s.u.|siehe unten|see below||L, Da|-|südd.|süddeutsch|southern German|adjective|?|-|SW, s/w|schwarz/weiß|black & white|film/movies|T|-|SW|Südwest(en)|southwest|compass point|L, T|-|SZ|Schlafzimmer|bedroom|used in accommodations/real estate|F|-|t|Tonne(n)|ton(s)||L|-|tägl.|täglich|daily, per day||L, F|-|Tel.|Telefon|telephone||L, F|-|TL|Teelöffel|teaspoon|in recipes|F, Da|-|u.|und|and||T, F, Da|-|U|Umleitung|detour||L, T|-|u.a.|und andere|and others||L, T|-|u.a.|unter anderem|among others||L, T|-|u.Ä.|und Ähnliches|and the like||L, T|-|u.ä.|und ähnlich|and similarly||T|-|u.a.m.|und andere(s) mehr|and more, etc.||?|-|u.A.w.g.|um Antwort wird gebeten|RSVP||L, T|-|übl./üblw. |üblich/üblicherweise|usual||F|-|ugs.|umgangssprachlich|colloquially|||-|usw.|und so weiter|and so on, etc.|note punctuation|L, T, Da, F|-|u.v.a.(m)|und vieles andere (mehr)|and many others||T|-|u.U.|unter Umständen|in certain circumstances, possibly||L, T, Da|-|u.zw.|und zwar|and so on||L, F|-|V.|Vers|line, verse||L, T|-|v.|von|of||L|-|v.a.|vor allem|above all, especially||Da|-|v.Chr.|vor Christus|BC, before Christ||T, Da|-|Verf.|Verfasser|author||L, T|-|verh.|verheiratet|married||T, F|-|verw.|verwitwet|widowed||L, T|-|VG|Viele Grüsse|many greetings|casual signoff in email|DW|-|vgl.|vergleiche|cf., compare, reference||L, T, Da|-|v.H.|vom Hundert|percent, per 100||L, T|-|vorm.|vormals|formerly||L, T|-|vorm.|vormittags|a.m., in the morning|date/time|L, T|-|v.R.w.|von Rechts wegen|by law||L, T|-|v.T.|vom Tausend|per 1000||L, T|-|v.u.Z.|vor unserer Zeitrechnung|Before the Common Era|BC|L, T|-|W|West(en)|west|compass point|L, T|-|wstl.|westlich|western||L|-|w.o.|wie oben|as above||F|-|WSW|Westsüdwest|west-southwest|compass point|L, T|-|Wwe/Wwer|Witwe/Witwer|widow/widower||F|-|Wz|Warenzeichen|Trademark||L|-|Z.|Zahl|number||L, T, DW|-|Z.|Zeile|line||L, T, DW|-|z.|zu, zum, zur|at, to||L, T, DW|-|z.B.|zum Beispiel|e.g., for example||T, Da|-|z.Hd.|zu Händen, zu Handen|attn., attention of||L, T|-|Zi.|Zimmer|room||L, T|-|z.T.|zum Teil|partly, in part||L, Da, F|-|Ztr.|Zentner|100 kg||L|-|zur.|zurück|back||L, T|-|zus.|zusammen|together||L, T|-|zzgl.|zuzüglich|plus, in addition||T|-|z.Z./z.Zt.|zur Zeit|at present||L, T, Da|-|} List of German acronyms An acronym is a general type of abbreviation formed from the initial components of words in a longer name or phrase and pronounced as words. Included in this table are syllable words (German: Silbenkurzwörter), with the fragments used to create the clipping displayed in bold. Abbreviation German English Notes DaF Deutsch als Fremdsprach German as a foreign language DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung German Institute for Standardization KaDeWe Kaufhaus des Westens large Berlin dept. store T, DW Kripo Kriminalpolizei police crime unit, CID (Br.) Laser NATO TÜV Technische Überwachungsverein The TÜV is responsible for product safety. German motorists must submit their cars to a "tuef inspection", and failing it means having no car to drive. Silben(kurz)wort Vollform/Kompositum mit Silbentrennung laut Fachliteratur Jungsozialisten ^[12] Kindertagesstätte bzw. Kindertageseinrichtung ^[13] ^[14] Kriminalpolizei Schiedsrichter Staatsbibliothek Transformator (mit Hinweis auf den Sonderfall des Präfix trans-) Elektrolytkondensator Motorisiertes Fahrrad Vorne kurz, hinten lang List of German initialisms Acronyms pronounced as individual letters are rather than words are more specifically called initialisms. They are written without periods and retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun. Abbreviation German English Notes Ref AA Anonyme Alkoholiker L, DW AA Auswärtiges Amt Foreign Office, State Department DW ADAC Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club General German Auto Club largest auto club in Europe T AfD Alternative für Deutschland Alternative for Germany political party AG Aktiengesellschaft Joint-stock company AGB die Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen Terms and Conditions (of Use) ARD Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ARD broadcaster AOK Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse public health insurance T ASW außersinnliche Wahrnehmung Extrasensory Perception T BBk Deutsche Bundesbank German Federal Bank ^[15] BGB Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch German Civil Code T BGH Bundesgerichtshof Federal Constitutional Court BIP Bruttoinlandsprodukt Gross Domestic Product BKA Bundeskriminalamt Federal Criminal Police Office Germany's "FBI" T BLZ Bankleitzahl Bank Code Number T BMBF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMF Bundesministerium der Finanzen BMG Bundesministerium für Gesundheit Federal Ministry of Health BMI Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community BMVg Bundesministerium der Verteidigung Federal Ministry of Defence BMU Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety BMVI Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke Bavarian Motor Works BMZ Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development BPOL Bundespolizei Federal Police BR Bayrischer Rundfunk Bavarian Broadcasting BRD Bundesrepublik Deutschland Federal Republic of Germany C&A Clemens & August C&A popular clothing chain T CDU Christlich-Demokratische Union Christian Democratic Union political party CSU Christlich-Soziale Union Christian Social Union political party CVJF Christlicher Verein Junger Frauen YWCA In Switzerland, the YWCA and YMCA merged in 1973 to form Cevi Schweitz T CVJM Christlicher Verein Junger Menschen YMCA CJK Creutzfeld-Jakob-Krankheit Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst German Academic Exchange Service DAG Deutsche Angestellten-Gewerkschaft German Salaried Employees' Union Obsolete, now ver.di DB Deutsche Bahn German Rail DDR Deutsche Demokratische Republik The former state of East Germany DFB Deutscher Fußballbund German Football Association DGB Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund German Trade Union Confederation DIHK Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung German Institute for Standard DJH Deutsches Jugendherbergswerk German Youth Hostel Association DKP Deutsche Kommunistische Partei German Communist Party DM Deutsche Mark Deutsche Mark DPD Deutscher Paketdienst German Package Service the German "UPS" DRK Deutsches Rotes Kreuz German Red Cross DT Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom DuÖAV Deutscher und Österreichischer Alpenverein German and Austrian Alpine Club Ceased to exist in 1938; the German Alpine Club and Austrian Alpine Club were later re-established. DVU Deutsche Volksunion German People's Union political party EEG Elektroenzephalografie Electroencephalography medicine/science/technology EKG Elektrokardiogramm Electrocardiography medicine/science/technology ETA Elektrotechnischer Assistent Electrical technologist EU Europäische Union European Union EZB Europäische Zentralbank European Central Bank FAZ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Germany's "New York Times" T FC Fußball Club Football Club FCKW Fluor-Chlor-Kohlenwasserstoff Chlorofluorocarbon medicine/science/technology FDB Freie Demokratische Partei Free Democratic Party political party FH Fachhochschule University of Applied Sciences FKK Freikörperkultur Free body culture Naturism FRA Frankfurter Flughafen Frankfurt Airport FSK Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft Self-Regulatory Body of the Movie Industry The German motion picture content rating system FU Freie Universität Berlin Free University of Berlin GG Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany Constitution of Germany L GEW Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft Education and Science Workers' Union Not T GEZ Gebühreneinzugszentrale der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Contribution service of ARD, ZDF and Deutschlandradio Former German agency responsible for collecting mandatory fees for public TV and radio GUS Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten Commonwealth of Independent States HH Hansestadt Hamburg Hamburg on license plates HNO Hals Nase Ohren Ear, Nose and Throat medicine/science/technology H+M Hennes & Mauritz H&M popular clothing chain HTL, HTLA Höhere Technische Lehranstalt Technical school not T HTBLA Höhere Technische Bundeslehranstalt Federal Higher Technical Institute an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria not T HTBLuVA Höhere Technische Bundes-Lehr- und -Versuchsanstalt Federal Higher Technical Institute for Education and Experimentation an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria not T IFO Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Institute for Economic Research L IHK Industrie- und Handelskammer Chamber of Industry and Commerce Regional, cross-industry associations IOK Internationales Olympisches Komitee International Olympic Committee IWF Internationale Währungsfonds International Monetary Fund JH Jugendherberge Youth Hostel JVA Justizvollzugsanstalt Prisons in Germany KfzPflVV Kraftfahrzeug-Pflichtversicherungsverordnung Motor vehicle liability insurance legal DW KG Kommanditgesellschaft Limited partnership KKW Kernkraftwerk Nuclear power plant KSZE Konferenz über Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe LG Landgericht District Court DW MAD Militärischer Abschirmdienst Military Counterintelligence Service Germany's "MI5" MdB Mitglied des Bundestages Member of the Bundestag Member of Parliament MdL Mitglied des Landtages Member of the Landtag Member of a State Legislature MEZ Mitteleuropäische Zeit Central European Time MP Maschinenpistole Machine gun MP Militärpolizei Military police MTA Medizinische(r) Technische(r) Assistent(in) Medical Technician NN das Normalnull sea level NOK Nationales Olympisches Komitee National Olympic Committee NPD Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands National Democratic Party of Germany political party NRW Nordrhein-Westfalen North Rhine-Westphalia German state OB Oberbürgermeister Lord mayor ÖBB Österreichische Bundesbahnen Austrian Federal Railways OF Originalfassung original version film/movies T OHG offene Handelsgesellschaft General partnership ÖPNV öffentlicher Personennahverkehr Public transport ORF Österreichischer Rundfunk Austrian Broadcasting Corporation broadcaster ÖVP Österreichische Volkspartei Austrian People's Party political party PDS Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus Party of Democratic Socialism political party PH Pädagogische Hochschule School of Education PIN Persönliche Identifikationsnummer Personal identification number medicine/science/technology RBB Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting RNS Ribonukleinsäure RNA medicine/science/technology RTL Radio Télévision Luxembourg Radio Television Luxembourg broadcaster SB Selbstbedienung Self-service SB-Laden, a self-service store SB-Tankstelle, gas/petrol stations SBB Schweizerische Bundesbahnen Swiss Federal Railways T SPÖ Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs Social Democratic Party of Austria political party SR Saarländischer Rundfunk Radio Saarland broadcaster T SSV Sommerschlussverkauf end-of-summer sale StGB Strafgesetzbuch German Penal Code legal T StVO Straßenverkehrsordnung German Highway Code legal T SWR Südwestrundfunk Southwest Broadcasting broadcaster T TH Technische Hochschule Technical College TU Technische Universität Technical University UB Universitätsbibliothek University Library UFO unidentifiziertes Flugobjekt Unidentified flying object UKW Ultrakurzwellen FM, Very High Frequency medicine/science/technology UNO Vereinte Nationen United Nations VAE Vereinigte Arabische Emirate United Arab Emirates VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik Association of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology medicine/science/technology VELKD Vereinigte Evangelisch-Lutheranische Kirche Deutschlands United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany VHS Volkshochschule Folk high school WAA Wiederaufbereitungsanlage Nuclear reprocessing plant medicine/science/technology L WDR Westdeutscher Rundfunk West German Radio broadcaster WEZ Westeuropäische Zeit Western European Time WG Wohngemeimschaft Co-living unrelated people sharing a flat, apartment, or house L WM Weltmeisterschaft World championship L WS Wintersemester Winter semester WSV Winterschlussverkauf Winter sale ZDF Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen Second German Television Network broadcaster KV Kassenärztliche Vereinigung ZPO Zivilprozessordnung Civil procedure (divorce, etc.) legal References

Notes and References

1. Web site: Foltinek . Selina . McGillen . Petra . Abbreviations (Abkürzungen) . Dartmouth College Department of German Studies . 2020-12-15.
2. Book: Glück, Helmut . Schmöe . Friederike . Metzler-Lexikon Sprache . Metzler . Stuttgart . 2010 . 4 . 978-3-476-02335-3 . 670204941 . de.
3. Book: Türck, Gisela . Willmann . Helmut . Messinger . Heinz . Langenscheidt's compact German dictionary : German-English, English-German . Langenscheidt . Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Zurich . New York . 2003 . 1993 . 978-1-58573-351-4 . 53921097 . de . 703–712.
4. Web site: Best German abbreviations from AA to z.Z. - 26.10.2015 . DW.COM . 2020-12-15.
5. Web site: A selection of 10 creative German abbreviations - 19.08.2020 . DW.COM . 2020-12-15.
6. Web site: German abbreviations: A love-hate relationship - 19.08.2020 . DW.COM . 2020-12-15.
7. Web site: Flippo . Hyde . A German-English Glossary of Popular German Abbreviations . ThoughtCo . 2020-02-26 . 2020-12-15.
8. Web site: Henderson . Rebecca . z.B., Here Are Some Top German Abbreviations to Master! . FluentU German . 2018-05-02 . 2020-12-15.
9. Web site: Beeton. Barbara. Freytag. Asmus. Iancu. Laurențiu. Sargent III. Murray. 30 October 2015. Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set. The Unicode Consortium. 6.
10. [Lutz Röhrich]
11. https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/911549916:61229 Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages, and Burials, 1500-1971 for Christ Peter Kuhorst. 22 September 1696. Accessed via ancestry.com subscription site on 27 May 2024.
12. Harald Weinrich: Textgrammatik der deutschen Sprache, 2. Auflage, 2003, S. 929
13. Duden - Die Grammatik, 8. Auflage, 2009, Abschnitt 1116
14. [Helmut Glück]
15. http://www.goldensextant.com/commentary14.html#anchor9333 Buba: Blowing the Whistle on Big Bubba's Gold Manipulators?