Germany has commissioned over 1,500 U-boats (German: Unterseeboot) into its various navies from 1906 to the present day. The submarines have usually been designated with a U followed by a number, although World War I coastal submarines and coastal minelaying submarines used the UB and UC prefixes, respectively. When Germany resumed building submarines in the 1930s, the numbering of the submarines was restarted at 1. The renumbering was restarted at 1 a third time when Germany resumed building submarines in the 1960s.
There were some 380 U-boats commissioned into the Kaiserliche Marine in the years before and during World War I. Although the first four German U-boats—,,, and —were commissioned before 1910, all four served in a training capacity during the war. German U-boats used during World War I were divided into three series. The U designation was generally reserved for ocean-going attack torpedo U-boats. The UB designation was used for coastal attack U-boats, while the UC designation was reserved for coastal minelaying U-boats.
U-boats designed primarily for deep water service were designated with a U prefix and numbered up to 167.
See main article: Type U 31 submarine.
See main article: Type U 66 submarine. The Type U 66 submarines were originally constructed for Austro-Hungary as the U-7 class, but were sold to Germany at the start of WWI.
See main article: Type UE I submarine.
See main article: Type U 81 submarine.
See main article: Type U 87 submarine.
See main article: Type U 93 submarine.
See main article: Type UE II submarine.
See main article: Type U 127 submarine.
See main article: Type Large MS submarine.
See main article: Type U 139 submarine.
See main article: Type U 151 submarine.
Coastal attack torpedo U-boats were smaller craft intended for operation closer to land. They were designated with a UB prefix and numbered up to 155.
See main article: Type UB I submarine.
See main article: Type UB II submarine.
See main article: Type UB III submarine.
Coastal minelaying U-boats were smaller vessels intended to mine enemy harbors and approaches. They were designated with a UC prefix and numbered up to 114.
See main article: Type UC I submarine.
See main article: Type UC II submarine.
See main article: Type UC III submarine. Thirty-five Type UC III submarines were planned, but only 25 were completed. Nine of these (UC-106 to UC-114) were never commissioned and were awarded to the United Kingdom and France and broken up in 1921. Ten of these (UC-80 to UC-89) were broken up at yard
At the outbreak of World War I Germany took charge of a number of submarines under construction in German shipyards for other countries.
See also: List of German U-boats in World War II.
In the World War II era, Germany commissioned some 1,250 U-boats into the Kriegsmarine.
See main article: Type I submarine.
See main article: Type II submarine.
See main article: Type VII submarine.
See main article: Type IX submarine.
See main article: Type IXA submarine.
See main article: Type IXB submarine.
See main article: Type X submarine. Originally intended as long-range minelayers, the Type X were later used as long-range cargo transports.
The Type XI was a planned artillery boat, armed with four 128-mm guns in two twin turrets along with an Arado Ar 231 floatplane. Four boats were laid down in 1939 but were cancelled at the outbreak of WWII.
See main article: Type XIV submarine. The Type XIV submarine was a shortened version of the Type IXD and used as tankers. Twenty-four were planned, but only 10 were commissioned; three (U-491 to U-494) were cancelled before completed and eleven were never laid down. This type was nicknamed Milchkuh (milk cow).
See main article: Type XVII submarine.
Twelve Type XVIIB submarines were planned, but only three were completed; three were cancelled at the end of the war before completion and six were cancelled in favor of the Type XXI submarine.
The Type XVIII was a projected attack boat using the Walter propulsion system. Two boats were laid down in 1943, but construction was cancelled in March 1944.
See main article: Type XXI submarine.
See also: List of Type XXI submarines.
See main article: Type XXIII submarine.
See also: List of Type XXIII submarines.
See main article: Biber (submarine).
See main article: Molch.
See main article: Seehund. The range of U-5000 to U-6442 was specifically allocated to German midget submarines. The following Seehund Type XXVIIB U-boats were entered into the Kriegsmarine registry as commissioned vessels
See main article: Foreign U-boats. Germany captured and commissioned 14 submarines from six countries into the Kriegsmarine during World War II.
Turkey
United Kingdom
Norway
Netherlands
France
Italy
See main article: Type 201 submarine.
See main article: Type 205 submarine.
See main article: Type 206 submarine.
See main article: Type 212A submarine.