List of Georgia hurricanes explained
The list of Georgia hurricanes includes tropical or subtropical cyclones that have affected the U.S. state of Georgia. Fewer hurricanes have hit Georgia directly (due to its location and shorter coastline) than other states in the Southeast, with an estimated return period of 10–11 years. The last system to make landfall in the state at hurricane intensity was Hurricane David in 1979. Further, only three major hurricanes have struck Georgia, the most recent of which being in 1898. However, numerous tropical cyclones have passed near or through the state.
List of storms
Most of the following are tropical cyclones that passed through the states after weakening from their peak.
Pre-1950
1950–1959
1960–1969
- Tropical Storm Brenda (1960)
- Hurricane Donna
- Hurricane Ethel (1960)
- Tropical Storm Florence (1960)
- Hurricane Alma (1962)
- September Gulf of Mexico tropical depression (1962)
- Tropical Storm One (1964)
- Hurricane Cleo
- Hurricane Dora
- Hurricane Hilda
- June 11-15, 1965 - An unnamed tropical storm produces rainfall across much of Georgia, with a peak amount of 7.37inches in Adel.
- September 10-12, 1965 - The outer bands of Hurricane Betsy drop light rainfall in the state, peaking at 3.48inches in Ailey.
- September 30-October 1, 1965 - The remnants of Tropical Storm Debbie result in precipitation across much of Georgia, with up to 8.65inches observed in Greenville. In the Brunswick area, heavy rains flooded airfields and canals.[4]
- June 9-12, 1966 - Tropical Storm Alma produced 44mph wind gusts and 2.18inches in Savannah.[5] High winds damaged a few houses and downed trees near Albany, Georgia. The winds overturned a bus at Fort Gordon, injuring 11 soldiers.[6] The storm caused about $50,000 in damage in the state.[5]
- June 6-7, 1968 - Tropical Storm Abby brought rainfall to much of Georgia, peaking at 7.92inches at the Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge. Sustained winds between 35and downed power lines. Tides of 2feetto3feetft (toft) above normal caused minor coastal flooding.[7] Overall, damage was minor, reaching less than $100,000.[8]
- October 19-20, 1968 - Hurricane Gladys dropped rain across roughly two-thirds of Georgia, with a peak amount of 3.42inches near Jesup.
- August 17-20, 1969 - The outer bands of Hurricane Camille drop light rainfall, particularly in the northern portions of the state, peaking at 4.36inches near Elberton.
- September 20-22, 1969 - Tropical Depression Twenty-Nine dropped torrential rainfall across southwestern Georgia, with up to 22inches observed in Attapulgus. Severe local flooding ensued, particularly in Decatur County, causing damage to property and crops, mostly to peanuts that were not threshed.[9]
- October 1-2, 1969 - A subtropical storm brought light rainfall to the eastern portions of the state, peaking at 6.01inches in Folkston.
1970–1979
1980–1989
1990–1999
- October 12–14, 1990 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Marco and moisture from the remains of Hurricane Klaus combine, producing heavy rainfall in Georgia, peaking at 19.89inches near Louisville. Some roads in eastern Georgia were flooded up to 6 feet (1.8 m) deep. The flooding resulted in some power outages. In Augusta, heavy precipitation forced 300 people to evacuate, while police officers rescued people in flooded cars. About 450 were left homeless. A tornado was spawned in Brantley County, which destroyed 25 unoccupied homes.[10] Overall, there were five deaths and about $42 million in damage.
- June 29–July 3, 1991 – The precursor of Tropical Storm Ana drops light rainfall in southeastern Georgia.[11]
- August 27–28, 1992 – Dissipating Hurricane Andrew produced tropical storm force winds in Atlanta. Several damaging tornadoes were spawned in the state, causing about $100,000 in losses.[12] Additionally, precipitation peaked at 4.6inches near Mountain City.
- August 28, 1992 – Although located well offshore, the outerbands of Tropical Storm Earl produce light rainfall in Georgia.[13]
- Tropical Storm Alberto (1994) In Georgia, rainfall from the tropical cyclone peaked at 27.85 in (707 mm) near Americus. Due to a previously stalled cold front, which subsequently caused Alberto to remain stationary, the ground was already saturated with rainfall. Virtually all of the precipitation became instant runoff into streams and rivers. Peak discharges along the Flint and Ocmulgee rivers exceeded 100-year flood levels. At least 100 dam and recreational watersheds suffered severe damage or were destroyed. Many roads were inundated, forcing the closure of 175 roads and 1,000 bridges. Damage to highway infrastructure exceeded $130 million. Approximately 471,000 acres (191,000 ha) of croplands were submerged, causing about $100 million in damage to agriculture. Fifteen of the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) gaging stations were severely damaged or demolished, forcing data to be collected manually and reported by cellphone. Due to flooded water system, approximately 500,000 people were temporarily left without drinking water. There were 31 deaths in the state, most of which from cars being swept onto flooded roads or into swollen creeks. With $750 million in damage, Alberto was considered the costliest tropical cyclone in Georgia, while the flooding was considered the worst in the history of the state.
- Tropical Depression Two (1994)
- Tropical Storm Beryl (1994)
- Tropical Depression Ten (1994)
- Hurricane Gordon (1994)
- Hurricane Allison (1995)
- Hurricane Erin (1995)
- Tropical Storm Jerry (1995)
- Hurricane Opal
- Tropical Storm Josephine (1996)
- Hurricane Danny (1997)
- Hurricane Earl (1998)
- Hurricane Georges
- Tropical Storm Hermine (1998)
- Hurricane Dennis (1999)
- Hurricane Floyd
- September 21–22, 1999 – The outer bands of Tropical Storm Harvey produces up to 2.9inches of rainfall in Brunswick.
- October 15–17, 1999 – In association with Hurricane Irene, tropical cyclone warnings and watches were posted in Georgia, with a tropical storm watch for the entire coast and later a hurricane warning from Savannah northward.[14] However, the storm brings only very light precipitation to the state, peaking at 0.56inches near Savannah.
2000–2009
- September 18–19, 2000 – Hurricane Gordon crossed the state as it was weakening and transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. The storm produced light rainfall in southeastern Georgia, peaking at 4.14inches in Woodbine.
- September 22–23, 2000 – Tropical Storm Helene moved across Georgia and dropped rainfall across much of the state, with a peak total of 5.13inches in Dunwoody.
- June 11–13, 2001 – Tropical Storm Allison brought heavy rain and flooding to many counties in central and east central Georgia. Precipitation in the state peaked at 12.56inches near Quitman. In the cities of Athens, Crawfordville, Eatonton, Lexington, Milledgeville, 24 hour rainfall amounts of 5inchesto8inchesin (toin) were common. The Little River crested at its highest level on record, while the Oconee River exceeded flood stage by 2feet. Several counties were impacted by flooding, with many roads and bridges being washed out. In Greene County, a bridge was washed out, leaving 25 residents of a neighborhood stranded. Over 20 roads were inundated in the county; Baldwin, Brooks, Lowndes, Pulaski, Putnam, and Taliaferro counties also reported that numerous secondary roads and some state highways were flooded. In Pulaski County, a road in the southwest part of the county was washed out, leaving a 10feet canyon. In Milledgeville, an Animal Hospital had to be evacuated when a nearby creek rising out of its banks threatened to flood the facility.[15]
- August 4–7, 2001 – Tropical Storm Barry dropped light rainfall in Georgia, peaking at 2.39inches in Valdosta.[16]
- September 11–13, 2001 – The outer bands of Hurricane Gabrielle produced 3.84inches of precipitation in Brunswick.
- July 9–13, 2002 – The precursor to Tropical Storm Arthur dropped light rainfall in the state, with up to 3.68inches near Dallas.
- August 4, 2002 – The outer bands of Tropical Storm Bertha dropped minimal amounts of precipitation in southeastern Georgia.
- Tropical Storm Hanna (2002) - Hanna dropped heavy rainfall across much of Georgia, peaking at 15.56inches at Donalsonville, 12.47inches at Carrollton, and 11.23inches at Embry. The heavy rainfall helped to relieve a persistent drought. However, climatologists determined that the rainfall did not fully alleviate the dry conditions.[17] The band of thunderstorms produced gusts of 40to, downing trees and power lines. In the Atlanta area, 48,000 customers experienced power outages.[18] The winds tore a roof off a house and damaged a number of mobile homes. The heavy rainfall caused severe flooding; in Donalsonville, 250 houses and 50 businesses suffered water damage, while another 35 were damaged in nearby Miller County.[19] Roads were flooded, including parts of U.S. Route 27.[20] Crop damage was significant in the state; about $19 million in damage to cotton and peanut crops were reported.
- Hurricane Isidore - Weakening Hurricane Isidore produced wind gusts of 30to in northern Georgia. With saturated soils across the region from recent heavy rainfall, several weak and small trees were blown down. Some of the trees fell down on power lines. The hardest hit areas included Blairsville, Blue Ridge, Cedartown, and Ellijay. Catoosa, Floyd, Gilmer, Gordon, Murray, Union, and Whitfield counties all reported that a number of trees and power lines were down. In Union County, nearly two dozen trees were blown down, one of which caused damage to a house. Rainfall from the storm peaked at 5.12inches near Mountain City, causing local flooding in some areas. In Lawrenceville, two offices of the Gwinnett Daily Post flooded. At one of the office buildings, there was up to 1feet of standing water, a floating concrete slab, and about 2,300 sections of paper and advertisements were soaked. Mud and other debris was also reported in the two buildings.
- October 9–11, 2002 – Hurricane Kyle dropped moderate rainfall that peaked at 5.35 inches (136 mm) at Hunter Army Airfield.[21] Most of the precipitation fell in a 12-hour period, which flooded roads and low-lying areas; several roads were closed, and numerous vehicles stalled in the floodwaters.
- Tropical Storm Bill (2003) – The storm produced moderate rainfall in northwestern Georgia, which peaked at 7.1 inches (180 mm) in Monroe. Precipitation caused flooding in numerous locations around the Atlanta metropolitan area, leaving some roads impassable or closed. An F1 tornado touched down near Pennington and caused severe damage to two dairy sheds, a tractor, and three metal storage buildings. The tornado then destroyed a hay barn, a carport, and a car inside the carport as well, while also causing a tree to fall. It continued through a forested area, toppling hundreds of trees. As it entered a more urban area, it downed 30 isolated trees, some of which fell on a portion of Interstate 20, temporarily closing the roadway. The tornado damaged seven houses, primarily to roof damage, although one experienced damage to several windows, while another had a utility trailer and a car damaged by fallen trees; a commercial building was damaged as well. An F2 tornado in Clito knocked down trees and damaged mobile homes. Severe thunderstorms caused considerable damage to a house near Louisville and knocked down several trees. Bill also caused thunderstorms in Kite which uprooted several trees onto a car and a house. One man in Atlanta died due to a falling tree. Damage totaled to $244,500.
- Tropical Depression Seven (2003) – Made landfall near St. Catherines Island. It brought light rainfall to the eastern and southern portions of Georgia, peaking at 5.17inches in Savannah.
- Tropical Storm Grace (2003) – Brought light and isolated rainfall to Georgia, generally about 1inches.
- Tropical Storm Henri (2003) – The outerbands brought generally light rainfall to the southern portions of the state, reaching about 5inches.
- Tropical Storm Bonnie (2004) – This storm dropped generally light rainfall in Georgia.
- Hurricane Charley – The outerbands of Hurricane Charley bring light precipitation to most of coastal and central Georgia.
- Hurricane Frances – Frances dumped up to 5inches of rain onto the state and caused the closings of schools in 56 counties. Across Georgia, winds of 30mph40mph and gusts to 50mph led to the downing of tree branches and power lines,[22] which left up to 380,000 residences without power.[23] Significant crop damage occurred, particularly to the cotton and the peanut crops. On average, 30 percent of the crops were lost during Frances.[24]
- Hurricane Ivan
- Hurricane Jeanne
- Tropical Storm Matthew (2004) – The remnants of Tropical Storm Matthew brought light rainfall to northern Georgia.
- Tropical Storm Arlene (2005) – Tropical Storm Arlene brought rainfall to much of the state, causing localized flooding. In Towns County, multiple residents were forced evacuate due to overflowing creeks and rivers in the northern portion of Georgia.
- Hurricane Cindy spawned a tornado in Hampton, causing damage to Atlanta Motor Speedway and Tara Field.[25] A tornado in Fayette County damaged three homes and caused about $3 million in losses.[26] Four other tornadoes were confirmed across the state.[27] Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta recorded over 5 inches (130 mm) of rain on July 6, its sixth-highest one-day rainfall since records began in 1878.[28] This is more rain than the area normally gets in all of July.[29]
- Hurricane Dennis – The outerbands of Hurricane Dennis caused local flooding the Atlanta area. One fatality occurred when a man was struck by a falling tree.
- Hurricane Katrina – Hurricane Katrina brought heavy rains and strong winds to northern and central Georgia. At least 18 tornadoes formed in Georgia on August 29, the most on record in that state for one day in August. The most serious of these tornadoes was an F2 tornado which affected Heard County and Carroll County. This tornado caused 3 injuries and one fatality and damaged several houses. In addition this tornado destroyed several poultry barns, killing over 140,000 chicks. The other tornadoes caused significant damages to buildings and agricultural facilities. In addition to the fatality caused by the F2 tornado, there was another fatality in a traffic accident.[30]
- Hurricane Ophelia (2005) – Hurricane Ophelia brought light rainfall and storm surge to coastal Georgia.
- Hurricane Rita – Hurricane Rita produces up to 3inches of precipitation in southern Georgia.
- Tropical Storm Tammy (2005) – Up to 14.48inches of rainfall in Darien caused flooding in coastal Georgia. Several dirt and coastal roads were washed out. In Brunswick, 30 homes were damaged by flooding. A tornado in the area snapped trees and caused moderate roof damage.
- Hurricane Wilma – The outerbands of Hurricane Wilma brought light rainfall to southern and coastal Georgia.
- Tropical Storm Alberto (2006) – As Tropical Storm Alberto moved through Georgia, moderate winds of up to 45abbr=onNaNabbr=on occurred along the coastline. Rainfall ranged from 3–5 inches (75–125 mm) across the southeast portion of the state, with a peak of 7.05 inches (179 mm) in Rincon. Alberto produced a storm tide of 8.53 feet (2.6 m) at Fort Pulaski National Monument, causing some beach erosion.
- Hurricane Ernesto (2006) – The outerbands of Hurricane Ernesto produce light rains and gusty winds in coastal Georgia.
- Tropical Storm Barry (2007)
- Hurricane Humberto (2007)
- Tropical Depression Ten (2007)
- Tropical Storm Cristobal (2008)
- Tropical Storm Fay (2008)
- Hurricane Ike
- Tropical Storm Claudette (2009)
- Hurricane Ida (2009)
2010–2019
- Tropical Depression Five (2010)
- Hurricane Earl (2010)
- Hurricane Irene
- Tropical Storm Lee (2011)
- May 22, 2012 – Light winds associated with Tropical Storm Alberto were observed at the Malcolm McKinnon Airport on St. Simons Island.[31]
- May 26-29, 2012 – Hours before Tropical Storm Beryl moved ashore on May 27, officials in Cumberland Island, Georgia mandated that all campers evacuate the island. Storm surge flooded portions of St. Marys. Rainfall in the state peaked at 7.04inches at Woodbine. Beryl's rainfall was beneficial in alleviating drought conditions, despite causing some minor flooding.[32] Wind gusts along the Georgia coastline peaked at 55abbr=onNaNabbr=on at Jekyll Island, and sustained tropical force winds extended into the state.[33] Downed trees damaged two homes in McIntosh County,[34]
- June 25–27, 2012 – Heavy rainfall from Tropical Storm Debby extended northward into southern Georgia, peaking at 12.7inches in Fargo. Localized and isolated flooding occurred in nearby Lowndes County.[35]
- August 28–30, 2012 – The outer bands of Hurricane Isaac dropped light rainfall, peaking at 5.6inches near Guyton.[36]
- October 27–28, 2012 – Hurricane Sandy passed well offshore, though a few locations observed tropical storm force winds, especially near the Georgia-South Carolina state line. In Fort Pulaski, gusts reached 40mph. At the same location, storm surge peaked at 2.89feet, while tides in the rest of the state were 1feetto2feetft (toft) above normal.[37]
- Tropical Storm Andrea (2013)
- Hurricane Arthur (2014)
- Tropical Storm Ana (2015)
- Tropical Storm Bonnie (2016)
- Tropical Storm Colin (2016)
- Hurricane Hermine (2016)
- Tropical Storm Julia (2016)
- Hurricane Matthew (2016)
- Tropical Storm Cindy (2017)
- Hurricane Harvey (2017)
- Hurricane Irma (2017)
- Hurricane Nate (2017)
- Tropical Storm Alberto (2018)
- Hurricane Florence (2018)
- Tropical Storm Gordon (2018)
- Hurricane Michael (2018) - After making landfall in Florida as a category 5 hurricane, Hurricane Michael entered the state as a category 2, with wind gusts as high as 115abbr=onNaNabbr=on being recorded near Donalsonville. In Seminole County, damage was reported to 99% of homes along with damage to timber and agriculture. Hurricane force wind gusts were reported as far inland as Albany. 3 tornadoes were also recorded in the state in association with Michael. One person in the state was killed state due to a fallen tree, and damage throughout the state was estimated at $4.7 billion making it the costliest tropical cyclone on record in Georgia.[38] [39]
- Hurricane Barry (2019)
- Hurricane Dorian (2019)
- Tropical Storm Nestor (2019)
- Tropical Storm Olga (2019)
2020–present
Effects
| Name | Saffir–Simpson
Category | Date of closest approach | Year |
|---|
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1851 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1852 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1853 |
| "Great Carolina" | bgcolor=# | | | 1854 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1856 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1877 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1878 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1881 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1885 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1886 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1886 |
| "Sea Islands" | bgcolor=# | | | 1893 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1894 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1896 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1898 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1898 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1911 |
| "Okeechobee" | bgcolor=# | | | 1928 |
| "Labor Day" | bgcolor=# | | | 1935 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1940 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1941 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1947 |
| Unnamed | bgcolor=# | | | 1949 |
| David | bgcolor=# | | | 1979 |
| Kate | bgcolor=# | | | 1985 |
| Matthew | bgcolor=# | | | 2016 |
| Michael | bgcolor=# | | | 2018 |
| Idalia | bgcolor=# | | | 2023 |
Sources: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[41]
Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT[42] | |
Notes and References
- News: SEA ISLANDS OVERWHELMED: STEADILY THE LIST OF CYCLONE VICTIMS GROWS. CORONER'S ESTIMATE OVER 750 DEAD. New York Times Database. September 3, 1893. .
- Web site: Al Sandrik and Brian Jarvinen. 2003. A Reevaluation of the Georgia and Northeast Florida Tropical Cyclone of 2 October 1898. Jacksonville, Florida National Weather Service. 2010-11-26.
- Web site: E.B. Garriott. 1898. October, 1898 Monthly Weather Review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2010-11-26.
- News: Staff Writer. Associated Press. Ocala Star-Banner. September 30, 1965. Debbie Breaks Up Near Biloxi. December 14, 2013.
- The Hurricane Season Of 1966. Arnold L. Sugg. March 1967. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 133–136. December 14, 2013. PDF.
- News: Associated Press. Tired Hurricane Spills Heavy Rain on Georgia. Toledo Blade. June 9, 1966. December 14, 2013.
- Web site: Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena: June 1968. 1968. National Climatic Data Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 72. December 14, 2013. PDF.
- The Hurricane Season Of 1968. Arnold L. Sugg and Paul J. Hebert. March 1969. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 231. December 14, 2013. PDF.
- Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena: September 1969. National Climatic Data Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 133. December 14, 2013. PDF.
- News: Julia C. Muller. 2004. 15 years of area natural disasters. Savannah Morning News. August 29, 2013.
- David M. Roth. May 2, 2007. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Weather Prediction Center. Tropical Depression Ana - June 29-July 4, 1991. August 29, 2013. College Park, Maryland.
- Preliminary Report: Hurricane Andrew. Edward N. Rappaport. December 10, 1993. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 28, 2013. Miami, Florida.
- Tropical Storm Earl – September 28–30, 1992. David M. Roth. June 18, 2007. Weather Prediction Center. August 29, 2013. College Park, Maryland.
- Preliminary Report: Hurricane Irene. Lixion A. Avila. November 22, 1999. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 28, 2013. Miami, Florida.
- http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS-6C50BB3E-A488-473F-81F3-4E955F26A805.pdf Storm Data - June 2001
- Storm Summary Number 22 For The Remnant Low Of "Barry". David M. Roth. August 7, 2001. Weather Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 29, 2013.
- News: Karen Jacobs . Storm does little to ease drought in U.S. Southeast: Tropical Storm Hanna. 2002. Reuters.
- Web site: Tropical Storm Event Report for Georgia . 2002. . 2008-09-16.
- Web site: Mason Anderson. Red Cross Responds to Tropical Storm Hanna. 2002. Red Cross. 2008-09-16.
- Web site: Flooding Event Report for Georgia. September 6, 2002. National Climatic Data Center. 2008-09-16.
- Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Kyle. Stacy R. Stewart. November 16, 2002. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 5, 2013. Miami, Florida.
- [National Weather Service]
- Office of Energy Assurance (2004). Tropical Storm Frances Situation Report: September 7, 2004 (10:00 am EDT). United States Department of Energy. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
- Julia Beckhusen, Joseph B. Goodenbery, Gerrit Hoogenboom, and Jeffrey D. Mullen. Effects of Hurricane Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne on Georgia Irrigators. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
- Web site: National Weather Service Forecast Office. National Weather Service. 2005-07-08. 2008-08-12. Damage to Atlanta Motor Speedway and Tara Field due to Tropical Storm Cindy. https://web.archive.org/web/20080905113327/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ffc/html/amstarafield.shtml. dead. September 5, 2008.
- Web site: National Weather Service Forecast Office. National Weather Service. 2005-08-25. 2008-08-12. Damage in Fayette County due to Tropical Storm Cindy, July 6, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20080908032056/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ffc/html/faytorcindy.shtml. dead. September 8, 2008.
- Web site: Staff. National Weather Service, Peachtree City, GA. 2005-07-07. 2008-08-12. Preliminary Tornado Damage Reports from the Remnants of Tropical Storm Cindy. https://web.archive.org/web/20080907163235/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ffc/html/pns7705.txt. dead. September 7, 2008.
- Web site: National Weather Service Forecast Office. National Weather Service. 2005-08-25. 2008-08-12. Georgia Feels Cindy's Wrath - July 6, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20080505012436/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ffc/html/cindy05.shtml . May 5, 2008. dead.
- Web site: Computer Generated. Weather Underground. 2005-08-01. 2008-08-12. History for Atlanta, GA:Month of July, 2005.
- Westbrook, Robby; WFO Peachtree City Staff. "Katrina Spawns Tornadoes in Georgia - August 29, 2005." National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 1, 2005. Retrieved on 2010-04-14.
- Post Tropical Cyclone Report...Tropical Depression Alberto. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230411/http://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?site=NWS&issuedby=JAX&product=PSH&format=CI&version=1&glossary=1. dead. 2016-03-04. Al Sandrik. May 22, 2012. National Weather Service. August 29, 2013. Jacksonville, Florida.
- News: Russ Bynum. Associated Press. May 29, 2012. May 29, 2012. Boston Globe. US officials assess storm preparations after Beryl.
- John L. Beven II. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL022012_Beryl}} Tropical Storm Beryl Tropical Cyclone Report]. December 12, 2012. National Hurricane Center. December 14, 2012. PDF.
- News: Russ Bynum. The Virginian Pilot. May 29, 2012. Most of Beryl's damage was to Memorial Day plans. Associated Press. May 30, 2012.
- Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena: June 2012. Rhonda Herndon. 2012. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Climatic Data Center. 120. March 13, 2013. PDF. Asheville, North Carolina.
- Post-Tropical Cyclone Isaac Advisory Number 46. Kwan-Yin Kong. September 1, 2012. Weather Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 29, 2013. College Park, Maryland.
- Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Sandy. February 12, 2013. Eric S. Blake, Todd B. Kimberlain, Robert J. Berg, John P. Cangialosi and John L. Beven II. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 13, 16, 36, and 83. August 28, 2013. Miami, Florida.
- Beven . John . Berg . Robbie . Hagen . Andrew . Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Michael . National Hurricane Center . April 21, 2024 . May 17, 2019 . July 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729102708/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL142018_Michael.pdf . live .
- News: Hurricane Michael may be costliest disaster for Georgia agriculture. October 20, 2018. Lee Shearer. Athens Banner-Herald. April 25, 2024.
- https://apnews.com/article/debby-rain-flooding-storm-211c7968e905576455d10d3706d04193
- Web site: Hurricane Research Division . 2012 . Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851-2012 . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . 2013-02-23 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140210221648/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html . 2014-02-10 .
- Web site: Hurricane Research Division . 2008 . Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . 2008-03-21 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110604063810/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_master.html . 2011-06-04 .
