List of European commissioners by member state explained
This is a list of European Commissioners by member state of the European Union. Each name is a member of the European Commission and hold a specific portfolio within the college, led by the President of the European Commission. They operate similarly as European-level equivalents to national government ministers. Each member state of the European Union has the right to a single commissioner (before the Barroso I Commission in November 2004, the five largest states—France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom—were granted two) and appoints them in consultation with the President.
The accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 raised the number of commissioners from 25 to 27, and after the accession of Croatia in 2013 the number of commissioners raised to 28. The United Kingdom left the EU on 31 January 2020, and did not nominate a commissioner when the Juncker Commission ended on 1 December 2019.
Below is a list of all past and present European Commissioners according to the member state they were nominated by, including the Presidents of the European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Energy Community. The colours indicate their European political family background (blue for conservative or centre-right, mainly the European People's Party; red for left-wing or social democrats, mainly the Party of European Socialists; yellow for centrist or liberals, mainly the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party; green for green politicians, mainly the European Green Party; grey for independents or unknowns; and their pan-European predecessors).
European Commissioners by current member state
Austria
Belgium
| Name | Portfolio | Start | End | Commission | National Party | European Party |
|---|
| External Relations | | | Hallstein I | PLP | | ALDE |
| External Relations | | | Hallstein II |
| President | | | Rey |
| Budget, Credit, Investment, Press and Information | | | Rey | CVP | | EPP |
| Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control | | | Malfatti |
| Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control | | | Mansholt |
| Taxation, Financial Institutions and Energy (Vice President) | | | Ortoli | PS | | PES |
| Internal Market, Industrial Affairs and Customs Union | | | Jenkins | CDH | | EPP |
| Industrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (Vice President) | | | Thorn |
| External Relations and Trade | | | Delors I | PVV | | ALDE |
| Transport, Credit, Investment, and Consumer Protection | | | Delors II | SP.A | | PES |
| Competition, Personnel and Administration (Vice President) | | | Delors III |
| Competition | | | |
| Research | | | Prodi | PS | | PES |
| Research | | | Prodi | MR | | ALDE |
| Development and Humanitarian Aid | | | Barroso I |
| Development and Humanitarian Aid | | | Barroso I | VLD | | ALDE |
| Trade | | | Barroso II |
| Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility | | | Juncker | CD&V | | EPP |
| Justice[1] | | | | MR | | ALDE |
| Competition (acting) | | |
| Equality
- Preparedness and Crisis Management
| | present | | MR | | ALDE | |
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
| Name | Portfolio | Start | End | Commission | National Party | European Party |
|---|
| Overseas Development | | | Hallstein I | Unknown |
| Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) | | | Hallstein I | SFIO | | PES |
| Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) | | | Hallstein II |
| Overseas Development | | | Hallstein II | Unknown |
| Overseas Development | | | Rey |
| Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) | | | Rey | UDF | | ALDE |
| Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) | | | Malfatti |
| Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President) | | | Mansholt |
| Enlargement and Development Aid | | | Malfatti | UDF | | ALDE |
| Enlargement and Development Aid | | | Mansholt |
| Development, Budget and Financial Control | | | Ortoli |
| President | | | Ortoli | UDR /
RPR[11] | | EPP |
| Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President) | | | Jenkins |
| Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President) | | | Thorn |
| Development, Budget and Financial Control | | | Ortoli | PS | | PES |
| Development | | | Jenkins |
| Development | | | Thorn |
| Mediterranean Policy and North-South Relations | | | Delors I |
| Development | | | Thorn | PS | | PES |
| President | | | Delors I | PS | | PES |
| President | | | Delors II |
| President | | | Delors III |
| Taxation and Customs Union | | | Delors II | PR | | ALDE |
| Taxation, Customs Union and Consumer Protection | | | Delors III |
| Economic and Financial Affairs, Credit and Investment | | | | RPR | | EPP |
| Research, Science, Technological Development, Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth | | | | PS | | PES |
| Trade | | | Prodi | PS | | PES |
| Regional Policy | | | Prodi | UMP | | EPP |
| Regional Policy | | | Prodi | UMP | | EPP |
| Transport (Vice President) | | | Barroso I |
| Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President) | | |
| Internal Market and Services (Vice President)[12] | | | Barroso II | UMP | | EPP |
| Industry and Entrepreneurship (acting) | | |
| Industry and Entrepreneurship (acting) | | |
| Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs | | | Juncker | PS | | PES |
| Internal Market | | | | Ind. | | ALDE |
| Prosperity and Industrial Strategy (Vice President) | | present | | RE | | Ind.[13] | |
Germany
| Name | Portfolio | Start | End | Commission | National Party | European Party |
|---|
| President | | | Hallstein I | CDU | | EPP |
| President | | | Hallstein II |
| Competition | | | Hallstein I | CDU | | EPP |
| Competition | | | Hallstein II |
| Internal Market and Regional Policy | | | Rey |
| Research, Technology and Information Distribution (Vice President) | | | Rey | CDU | | EPP |
| Energy (Vice President) | | | Rey | SPD | | PES |
| Internal Market and Energy (Vice President) | | | Malfatti |
| Internal Market and Energy (Vice President) | | | Mansholt |
| Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President) | | | Ortoli |
| External Relations (Vice President) | | | Jenkins |
| External Relations and Nuclear Affairs (Vice President) | | | Thorn |
| External Relations and Trade | | | Malfatti | FDP | | ALDE |
| External Relations and Trade | | | Mansholt |
| Research, Science and Education | | | Ortoli |
| Energy, Research, Science and Education | | | Jenkins | FDP | | ALDE |
| Internal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, Environment, Consumer Protection, and Nuclear Safety | | | Thorn | CDU | | EPP |
| Industrial Affairs, Information Technology, Research and Science (Vice President) | | | Delors I |
| Economic Affairs, Employment, Credit and Investment | | | Delors I | SPD | | PES |
| Economic Affairs and Regional Policy | | |
| Economic Affairs and Regional Policy | | | Delors I | CSU | | EPP |
| Budget and Financial Control | | | Delors II |
| Budget and Financial Control | | | Delors III |
| Internal Market, Industrial Affairs and Parliamentary Relations (Vice President) | | | Delors II | FDP | | ALDE |
| Industrial Affairs, Information Technology and Telecommunications (Vice President) | | | Delors III |
| Industrial Affairs, Information and Telecommunications Technologies | | | |
| Regional Policy | | | | SPD | | PES |
| Budget | | | Prodi | Greens | | EGP |
| Enlargement | | | Prodi | SPD | | PES |
| Enterprise and Industry (Vice President) | | | Barroso I |
| Energy (Vice President)[14] | | | Barroso II | CDU | | EPP |
| Digital Economy and Society | | | Juncker |
| Budget and Human Resources | | |
| President | | | | CDU | | EPP |
| present | | |
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
| Name | Portfolio | Start | End | Commission | National Party | European Party |
|---|
| Social Affairs (Vice President) | | | Ortoli | FF | | ALDE |
| Taxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport and Parliamentary Relations | | | Jenkins | FG | | EPP |
| Personnel and Administration | | | Thorn | FF | | ALDE |
| Personnel and Administration | | | Thorn | FG | | EPP |
| Competition, Social Affairs, Education and Training | | | Delors I | FG | | EPP |
| Competition and Parliamentary Relations | | |
| Agriculture and Rural Development | | | Delors II | FF | | ALDE |
| Social Affairs, Employment, Immigration, Home Affairs and Justice | | | Delors III | FF | | ALDE |
| Social Affairs and Employment | | | |
| Health and Consumer Protection | | | Prodi | FF | | ALDE |
| Internal Market and Services | | | Barroso I | FF | | ALDE |
| Research, Innovation and Science | | | Barroso II | FF | | ALDE |
| Agriculture and Rural Development | | | Juncker | FG | | EPP |
| Trade | | | Von der Leyen I |
| Financial Stability, Financial Services and the Capital Markets Union | | | | FG | | EPP |
| Democracy, Justice and the Rule of Law | | present | | FF | | ALDE | |
Italy
| Name | Portfolio | Start | End | Commission | National Party | European Party |
|---|
| Internal Market (Vice President) | | | Hallstein I | DC | | EPP |
| Social Affairs | | | Hallstein I | DC | | EPP |
| Internal Market | | | Hallstein I | DC | | EPP |
| Internal Market (Vice President) | | | Hallstein II |
| Social Affairs | | | Hallstein I | PSI | | PES |
| Social Affairs (Vice President)[17] | | | Hallstein II |
| Social Affairs, Personnel and Administration (Vice President) | | | Rey |
| Internal Market | | | Hallstein II | DC | | EPP |
| Industrial Affairs | | | Rey |
| External Relations | | | Rey | DC | | EPP |
| President | | | Malfatti | DC | | EPP |
| Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union | | | Malfatti | SI | | PES |
| Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union | | | Mansholt |
| Industry and Technology | | | Ortoli |
| Agriculture (Vice President) | | | Mansholt | DC | | EPP |
| Parliamentary Affairs, Environment, Consumer Interests, Transport and Information (Vice President) | | | Ortoli |
| Industry and Technology | | | Ortoli | PRI | | ALDE |
| Regional Policy | | | Jenkins | PSI | | PES |
| Regional Policy | | | Thorn |
| Enlargement, Environment and Nuclear Safety | | | Jenkins | DC | | EPP |
| Mediterranean Policy, Enlargement and Information (Vice President) | | | Thorn |
| Cooperation, Development and Enlargement (Vice President) | | | Delors I |
| Carlo Ripa di Meana | Institutional Reform, Information, Culture and Tourism | | | Delors I | PSI | | PES |
| Environment and Nuclear Safety | | | Delors II |
| Science, Research, Development, Telecommunications, Information Technology and Innovation (Vice President) | | | Delors II | DC | | EPP |
| Science, Research, Technological Development, Education, Training and Youth (Vice President) | | | Delors III | PSI | | PES |
| Institutional Reform, Internal Market, Financial Services, Enterprise and SMEs | | | Delors III | DC | | EPP |
| Fisheries and Consumers Policy | | | | LB | | ALDE |
| Mario Monti | Internal Market, Financial Services, Customs and Taxation | | | | Ind. | | ALDE |
| Competition | | | Prodi |
| President | | | Prodi | ID /
DL[18] | | ALDE[19] |
| Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President) | | | Barroso I | FI | | EPP |
| Transport (Vice President) | | | Barroso I | PdL | | EPP |
| Industry and Entrepreneurship (Vice President)[20] | | | Barroso II |
| Industry and Entrepreneurship | | | Barroso II | Ind. | | EPP |
| Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (Vice President) | | | Juncker | PD | | PES |
| Economy | | | | PD | | PES |
| Cohesion and Reforms (Executive Vice President) | | present | | FdL | | ECR | |
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
| Name | Portfolio | Start | End | Commission | National Party | European Party |
|---|
| Credit, Investments, Financial Instruments and SMEs | | | Delors I | PP | | EPP |
| Mediterranean and Latin American Policy | | | Delors II |
| Energy and Transport | | | Delors III |
| Social Affairs, Employment, Education and Training (Vice President) | | | Delors I | PSOE | | PES |
| Cooperation, Development and Fisheries (Vice President) | | | Delors II |
| Cooperation, Development and Humanitarian Aid (Vice President) | | | Delors III |
| Mediterranean, Latin American and Middle Eastern Relations (Vice President) | | | |
| President (acting)[40] | | |
| Energy and Transport | | | Delors III | PP | | EPP |
| Parliamentary Relations, Culture and Audiovisual Policy and Institutional Reform | | | |
| Parliamentary Relations, Transport and Energy (Vice President) | | | Prodi | PP | | EPP |
| Economic and Monetary Affairs | | | Prodi | PSOE | | PES |
| Economic and Monetary Affairs | | | Prodi | PSOE | | PES |
| Economic and Financial Affairs | | | Barroso I |
| Competition (Vice President) | | | Barroso II |
| Climate Action and Energy | | | Juncker | PP | | EPP |
| Energy Union (acting) | | |
| A Stronger Europe in the World and Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (Vice President) | | | | PSOE | | PES |
| Clean, Just and Competitive Transition (Executive Vice President) | | present | | PSOE | | PES | |
Sweden
United Kingdom
| Name | Portfolio | Start | End | Commission | National Party | European Party |
|---|
| External Relations (Vice President) | | | Ortoli | Con. | | EPP |
| Regional Policy | | | Ortoli | Lab. | | PES |
| President | | | Jenkins | Lab. | | PES |
| Budget, Financial Control and Financial Institutions | | | Jenkins | Con. | | EPP |
| Budget, Financial Control, Financial Institutions, Personnel and Administration (Vice President) | | | Thorn |
| Employment, Social Affairs, Education and Training | | | Thorn | Lab. | | PES |
| Internal Market, Customs Union and Taxation (Vice President) | | | Delors I | Con. | | EPP |
| Environment, Consumer Protection, Nuclear Safety and Transport | | | Delors I | Lab. | | PES |
| Environment, Nuclear Safety and Transport | | |
| Regional Policy | | | Delors II | Lab. | | PES |
| Regional Policy | | | Delors III |
| Competition and Financial Institutions (Vice President) | | | Delors II | Con. | | EPP |
| Trade (Vice President) | | | Delors III |
| External Relations and Trade (Vice President) | | | |
| Transport | | | | Lab. | | PES |
| Administrative Reform (Vice President) | | | Prodi |
| External Relations | | | Prodi | Con. | | EPP |
| Trade | | | Barroso I | Lab. | | PES |
| Trade | | | Barroso I | Lab. | | PES |
| Foreign Affairs and Security Policy | | |
| Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (First Vice President) | | | Barroso II |
| Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union | | | Juncker | Con. | | ECR[41] |
| Security Union | | | Juncker | Con. | | ECR | |
Withdrawn nominees
Portfolio assigned
A number of commissioners were formally nominated and assigned portfolios before being withdrawn after their hearing with the European Parliament, with the exception of Thorvald Stoltenberg, who withdrew after the rejection of Norway's accession referendum.
Before hearings held
At the end of the Juncker Commission, some were initially named by the member states to succeed commissioners who took seats in the European Parliament before an agreement to not fill the seats under the start of the next commission.
The Von der Leyen I Commission requested member states name female and male candidates in order to have gender parity. She would then chose the one candidate to be formally nominated, or request new names. She usually continued her request for female and male candidates for vacancies throughout her first commission.
| State | Name | Portfolio | Start | End | Authority | Party | Family |
|---|
| Belgium | | Long Term Policy (Vice President) | | | Monnet | CVP | EPP |
|---|
| General Objectives, Long Term Policy, Markets, Agreements and Transport (Vice President) | | | Mayer |
| General Objectives and Long Term Policy (Vice President) | | | Finet |
| Member (Vice President) | | | Malvestiti |
| Transport and Information (Vice President) | | | Del Bo / Coppé |
| President (acting) | | |
| Social Problems and Administrative Questions | | | Monnet | BSP | PES |
| Social Problems | | | Mayer |
| President | | | Finet |
| Member | | | Malvestiti |
| Social Problems | | | Del Bo |
| France | | President | | | Monnet | Unknown | |
|---|
| Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions | | | Monnet | Unknown | |
| Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions | | | Mayer |
| Investment and Production | | | Finet |
| René Mayer | President | | | Mayer | PR | EPP |
| Member | | | Finet | Unknown | |
| Member | | | Malvestiti |
| Economic Policy and Industrial Development | | | Del Bo / Coppé |
| Member | | | Malvestiti | SFIO | PES |
| Energy | | | Del Bo / Coppé |
| Germany | | Member | | | Monnet | SPD | PES |
|---|
| Markets, Agreements and Transport (First Vice President) | | | Monnet | CDU | EPP |
| Member (First Vice President) | | | Mayer |
| Member | | | Finet | FDP | ALDE |
| Finance, Budget and Administration | | | Finet | SPD | PES |
| Finance and Investment | | | Malvestiti |
| Finance and Investment | | | Malvestiti | CDU | EPP |
| Finance and Investment | | | Del Bo / Coppé |
| Coal and Steel Markets | | | Del Bo / Coppé | CDU | EPP |
| Italy | | Press and Information | | | Monnet | DC | EPP |
|---|
| Press and Information | | | Mayer |
| Social Problems | | | Finet |
| President | | | Malvestiti | DC | EPP |
| President | | | Del Bo | DC | EPP |
| Luxembourg | | Member | | | Monnet | Unknown | |
|---|
| Member | | | Mayer |
| External Relations | | | Finet |
| Member | | | Malvestiti |
| External Relations | | | Del Bo / Coppé |
| Social Problems | | | Del Bo / Coppé | LSAP | PES |
| Netherlands | | External Relations | | | Monnet | Unknown | |
|---|
| External Relations | | | Mayer |
| Steel, Transport and Concentrations (First Vice President) | | | Finet |
| Member (First Vice President) | | | Malvestiti |
| Competition (First Vice President) | | | Del Bo |
| Member (First Vice President) | | | Malvestiti | VVD | ALDE |
| Competition | | | Del Bo / Coppé | |
Notes and References
- [Didier Reynders]
- Kuneva, now affiliated to the conservative grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during the Barroso I Commission.
- [Mariya Gabriel]
- [Neven Mimica]
- ANO left ALDE on 21 June 2024.
- [Mayors and Independents]
- [Margrethe Vestager]
- [Kristalina Georgieva]
- [Olli Rehn]
- [Jutta Urpilainen]
- Ortoli was a party member of the UDR until 5 December 1976, after which he served as a member of the RPR.
- Barnier was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
- [Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]
- Oettinger was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
- Fidesz was suspended from the EPP on 20 March 2019 and left on 3 March 2021.
- Affiliated to Fidesz, which is affiliated to the PfE Group.
- Sandri was elevated to Vice President in the Hallstein II Commission from 30 July 1965.
- Prodi was a party member of ID until 23 March 2002, after which he served as a member of DL.
- Prodi, now affiliated to the socialist grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during the Prodi Commission.
- [Antonio Tajani]
- Piebalgs was a party member of the LC until 25 August 2007, after which she served as a member of the LPP.
- Piebalgs, now a member of the conservative grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during his term in the Barroso Commission.
- [Phil Hogan]
- Virginijus Sinkevičius resigned on 16 July 2024 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Maroš Šefčovič serves as Acting Commissioner until the end of the Von der Leyen I Commission.
- Sinkevičius was a party member of LVŽS until 29 January 2022, after which he served as a member of DSVL.
- [Viviane Reding]
- [Janusz Lewandowski]
- The PNL party, now affiliated with the conservatives, was affiliated to the liberals during the Barroso I Commission.
- [Corina Crețu]
- Crețu was a party member of the PSD (affiliated to the PES) until 17 January 2019, after which she served as a member of PRO (which has since also affiliated to the PES, but was then affiliated to the EDP–whose members mostly sit with the liberals in the European Parliament–but PRO members continued to sit with the socialists for the remainder of the Juncker Commission).
- Adina-Ioana Vălean resigned on 15 July 2024 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Wopke Hoekstra serves as Acting Commissioner until the end of the Von der Leyen I Commission.
- Smer was suspended from the PES on 12 October 2023.
- [Maroš Šefčovič]
- [John Dalli]
- [Maroš Šefčovič]
- [Andrus Ansip]
- [Frans Timmermans]
- Lenarčič is affiliated to the liberals, while remaining nationally unaffiliated during his term in the Von der Leyen I Commission.
- Affiliated to GS, which is affiliated to the Renew Europe Group.
- [Jacques Santer]
- The UK Conservative Party had previously been part of the EPP and joined the ECR on 1 October 2009.
- Goulard was nominated to a portfolio that was to also include Industrial Policy, the Digital Single Market and a new Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space. However, she was rejected by the European Parliament.
- Trócsányi was rejected by the European Parliament.
- Plumb was initially named by the Romanian government as the female candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Dan Nica, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. She was formally nominated by Von der Leyen but rejected by the European Parliament.
- Simson was nominated to complete the term of Andrus Ansip, who resigned on 1 July 2019 to take a seat in the European Parliament, without an assigned portfolio. However, it was agreed to let the seat remain vacant until the Von der Leyen I Commission began. Simson was then nominated and confirmed for a full term.
- Pașcu was nominated to complete the term of Corina Crețu, who resigned on 1 July 2019 to take a seat in the European Parliament, without an assigned portfolio. However, it was agreed to let the seat remain vacant until the Von der Leyen I Commission began.
- Szczerski was initially named by the Polish government, however after Von der Leyen indicated she preferred Poland take the Agriculture portfolio, he withdrew to allow another candidate, Janusz Wojciechowski, with more expertise to be formally nominated.
- Marques was initially named by the Portuguese government as the male candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Elisa Ferreira, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. Ferreira went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and approved by the European Parliament.
- Nica was initially named by the Romanian government as the male candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Rovana Plumb, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. After Plumb went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and subsequently rejected by the European Parliament, the Romanian government named Nica the male candidate, alongside Melania-Gabriela Ciot, with him as the leading candidate. However, he was denied by Von der Leyen.
- After Plumb's rejection by the European Parliament, the Romanian government named Ciot the female candidate, alongside Dan Nica, with her as the reserve candidate. However, she was denied by Von der Leyen.
- After Nica and Ciot were denied nomination by Von der Leyen, the Romanian government named Negrescu. However, he was also denied by Von der Leyen.
- After Negrescu was denied nomination by Von der Leyen, the Romanian government lost parliament's confidence and Mureșan was named by the new government alongside Adina-Ioana Vălean. Vălean went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen.
- After Phil Hogan left the Von der Leyen Commission, McDowell was initially named by the Irish government as the male candidate, alongside Mairead McGuinness as the female candidate. McGuinness went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and confirmed by the European Parliament.
- After Mariya Gabriel left the Von der Leyen I Commission, Lorer was initially named by the Bulgarian government as the announced male candidate, alongside Iliana Ivanova as the female candidate. Ivanova went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and confirmed by the European Parliament.
