List of mammals of Estonia explained

This list of mammals of Estonia shows the IUCN Red List status of the mammal fauna occurring in Estonia. It is somewhat impoverished compared to that of southern and central Europe due to the short period since the last ice age. Native species are considered to be those which are today present in the country. There are no endemic mammal species in Estonia. The list follows Moks et al. (2015)[1] with later additions.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX ExtinctSpecies is completely extinct
EW Extinct in the wildKnown only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangeredThe species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN EndangeredThe species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU VulnerableThe species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatenedThe species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concernThere are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficientThere is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, gymnures, moles and solenodons)

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

VU

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45kg (99lb).

VU (last sighted in 1986[6])

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

VU (last proven sighting in 1988[20]) VU (last sighted in 1985[21]) DD (sighted once in 2020 and maybe also in 2015)

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

See also

External links

References

Notes and References

  1. Book: Moks . Epp . Remm . Jaanus . Kalda . Oliver . Valdmann . Harri . Eesti imetajad . Estonian mammals . 2015 . Varrak . 978-9985-3-3470-6. Estonian.
  2. Erinaceus europaeus . Amori, G. . 2016 . e.T29650A2791303.
  3. Erinaceus roumanicus . amp . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L.J. . 2016 . e.T136344A115206348.
  4. Timm . Uudo . Väike-vesimutt ja metslemming Eestis . Mediterranean water shrew and wood lemming in Estonia . Eesti Loodus . 2020 . 3 . 58-60 . Estonian.
  5. Barbastella barbastellus . Piraccini, R. . e.T2553A22029285 . 2016.
  6. Timm . Uudo . Maran . Tiit . Kui palju on muutunud imetajate fauna Eestis? . How much mammalian fauna in Estonia has changed? . Eesti Loodus . 2020 . 3 . 12–21 . Estonian.
  7. Plecotus auritus . 2021 . amp . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . 2020 . e.T85535522A195861341.
  8. Lepus europaeus . amp . Hacklande, K. . Schai-Braun, S. . 2019 . e.T41280A45187424.
  9. Lepus timidus . amp . Smith, A.T. . Johnston, C.H. . 2019 . e.T11791A45177198.
  10. Castor fiber . Batbold, J. . Batsaikhan, N. . Shar, S. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. . 2016 . 2016 . e.T4007A115067136 .
  11. Sciurus vulgaris . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Muñoz, L. J. P. . 2010 . e.T20025A9136220 . 2010 .
  12. Lynx lynx . Breitenmoser, U. . Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. . Lanz, T. . von Arx, M. . Antonevich, A. . Bao, W. . Avgan, B. . amp . 2015 . 2015 . e.T12519A121707666 .
  13. Canis lupus . Boitani, L. . Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. . 2018 . 2018 . e.T3746A119623865 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T3746A119623865.en.
  14. Vulpes vulpes . Hoffmann, M. . Sillero-Zubiri, C. . 2016 . 2016 . e.T23062A46190249 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T23062A46190249.en .
  15. Ursus arctos . McLellan, B. N. . Proctor, M. F. . Huber, D. . Michel, S. . amp . 2017 . e.T41688A121229971 . 2017 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41688A121229971.en.
  16. Lutra lutra . Roos, A. . Loy, A. . de Silva, P. . Hajkova, P. . Zemanová, B. . 2015 . 2015 . e.T12419A21935287 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12419A21935287.en .
  17. Meles meles . Kranz, A. . Abramov, A. V. . Herrero, J. . Maran, T. . amp . 2016 . 2016 . e.T29673A45203002 .
  18. Mustela lutreola . Maran, T. . Aulagnier, S. . Libois, R. . Kranz, A. . Abramov, A. . Wozencraft, C. . amp . 2010 . 2010 . e.T14018A4381596 .
  19. Neovison vison . Reid, F. . Schiaffini, M. . Schipper, J. . e.T41661A45214988 . 2016.
  20. Jüssi . Ivar . Hülged tunnevad jääst ja lumest puudust . Eesti Loodus . 2020 . 2 . 42–47 . Seals miss ice and snow.
  21. Ernits . Peeter . Valgevaal Eesti vetes . Eesti Loodus . 1986 . 8 . 529–533 . Beluga in Estonian water.
  22. News: Dolphins sighted in Kopli Bay in Estonia . 30 December 2022 . The Baltic Course . 2 June 2020.

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