This is a list of butterfly species recorded in Estonia (species not encountered in the past 100 years are excluded).
In late 2017, Papilio machaon was among several species of butterflies selected by the Estonian Society of Lepidopterists as contenders for the national butterfly of Estonia. Nearly 5,000 members of the public voted online, with P. machaon receiving 2,664 votes, overwhelmingly winning the title. As well as becoming the national butterfly of Estonia, P. machaon was named as butterfly of the year for 2018; an honor given to a native butterfly species in Estonia annually.[1]