List of Dutch (in)formateurs and scouts explained

Informateurs, formateurs and scouts have served in a Dutch cabinet formation since 1848. The roles are often filled by members of the largest party.

The role of formateur has existed since the first cabinet formation in 1848. In general, formateurs are instructed to form a cabinet. The (final) formateur is often the intended prime minister. However, some formateurs were instructed to do preliminary work. Before 2017,^[1] it was customary for a formateur not to accept the assignment immediately, but to consider it until the formateur believes there is certainty that the cabinet can be formed.

In 1951, a separate role was created for the preliminary work; the informateur. Since that year, there has not been a formation without an informateur, although this has been attempted five times. Since 1989, the initial informateur is tasked with quickly exploring cabinet possibilities. This was turned into a separate role in 2012, the scout, because since that year the monarch no longer has a role in the formation and thus no longer does the consultations after the elections. The (in)formateurs and scouts have since then been appointed by the House of Representatives. With the introduction of the scout and the informateur, the formateur has since 1982 mainly been concerned with finding the personnel of the cabinet.

List

List of Dutch (in)formateurs and scouts

Name	Starting date	Days	Role	Political affiliation	Formation
	22 May 2024	41	Formateur	CDA	2023–2024	^[2]
	20 March 2024	58	Informateur
				SGP
	14 February 2024	30	Informateur	PvdA
	13 December 2023	62	Informateur	PvdA
	28 November 2023	14	Scout
	24 November 2023	4	Scout	PVV
	16 December 2021	25	Formateur	VVD	2021–2022	^[3] ^[4]
	5 October 2021	71	Informateur	D66
				VVD
	7 September 2021	23	Informateur
	12 May 2021	113	Informateur	PvdA
	6 April 2021	24	Informateur	PvdA
	25 March 2021	8	Scout	VVD
				D66
	18 March 2021	8	Scout	VVD
				D66
	12 October 2017	14	Formateur	VVD	2017	^[5] ^[6]
	28 June 2017	105	Informateur	VVD
	30 May 2017	29	Informateur	PvdA
	28 March 2017	63	Informateur	VVD
	16 March 2017	11	Scout
	31 October 2012	5	Formateur	VVD	2012	^[7]
	20 September 2012	42	Informateur	PvdA
				VVD
	13 September 2012	6	Scout
	7 October 2010	8	Formateur	VVD	2010	^[8]
	13 September 2010	25	Informateur	VVD
	7 September 2010	7	Informateur	PvdA
	4 August 2010	32	Informateur	VVD
	21 July 2010	14	Informateur	CDA
	5 July 2010	16	Informateur	VVD
				PvdA
	26 June 2010	10	Informateur	PvdA
	12 June 2010	14	Informateur	VVD
	9 February 2007	13	Formateur	CDA	2006–2007	^[9]
	20 December 2006	51	Informateur	CDA
	25 November 2006	25	Informateur	CDA
	5 July 2006	3	Formateur	CDA	2006	^[10]
	1 July 2006	4	Informateur	CDA
	20 May 2003	7	Formateur	CDA	2003	^[11]
	15 April 2003	35	Informateur	CDA
				VVD
	5 February 2003	66	Informateur	PvdA
				CDA
	24 January 2003	11	Informateur
	4 July 2002	18	Formateur	CDA	2002	^[12]
	17 May 2002	48	Informateur	CDA
	22 May 1999	18	Formateur	PvdA	1999	^[13]
	20 July 1998	14	Formateur	PvdA	1998	^[14]
	14 May 1998	67	Informateur
				VVD
				D66
	8 May 1998	6	Informateur	PvdA
	29 July 1994	22	Formateur	PvdA	1994	^[15]
	6 July 1994	23	Informateur
	27 June 1994	9	Informateur	PvdA
	14 May 1994	44	Informateur	D66
				VVD
				PvdA
	6 May 1994	8	Informateur	PvdA
	27 October 1989	9	Formateur	CDA	1989	^[16]
	13 September 1989	45	Informateur
	8 September 1989	5	Informateur	CDA
	11 July 1986	3	Formateur	CDA	1986	^[17]
	23 May 1986	50	Informateur	CDA
	30 October 1982	5	Formateur	CDA	Sep–Nov 1982	^[18]
	1 October 1982	29	Informateur	CDA
	10 September 1982	21	Informateur	PvdA
	25 May 1982	4	Formateur	CDA	May–Jun 1982	^[19]
	14 May 1982	12	Informateur	CDA
	16 October 1981	19	Informateur	PvdA	1981	^[20]
				PvdA
	2 September 1981	9	Formateur	CDA
	20 August 1981	13	Informateur	CDA
	4 August 1981	16	Formateur	CDA
				PvdA
	10 July 1981	25	Informateur
	30 May 1981	66	Informateur	CDA
				CDA
	8 December 1977	11	Formateur	CDA	1977	^[21]
	8 November 1977	29	Informateur	CDA
	26 October 1977	10	Formateur	PvdA
	11 October 1977	15	Informateur	PvdA
				CDA
	2 September 1977	35	Formateur	PvdA
				CDA
	26 August 1977	7	Informateur
	27 July 1977	30	Formateur	PvdA
	20 July 1977	7	Informateur	CDA
	1 June 1977	45	Formateur	PvdA
	23 April 1973	18	Formateur	PvdA	1972–1973	^[22]
				ARP
	10 April 1973	13	Informateur	KVP
				ARP
	1 February 1973	62	Formateur	PvdA
	4 December 1972	58	Informateur	ARP
	22 July 1972	18	Formateur	ARP	1972	^[23]
	21 June 1971	15	Formateur	ARP	1971	^[24]
	15 May 1971	37	Informateur	KVP
	21 March 1967	14	Formateur	KVP	1967	^[25]
	9 March 1967	12	Formateur	ARP
	6 March 1967	3	Informateur	KVP
	18 February 1967	15	Informateur	ARP
	16 November 1966	6	Formateur	ARP	1966	^[26]
	4 November 1966	12	Informateur	KVP
	18 October 1966	17	Informateur	KVP
	15 March 1965	29	Formateur	KVP	1965	^[27]
	2 March 1965	11	Informateur	KVP
	16 July 1963	8	Formateur	KVP	1963	^[28]
	5 July 1963	11	Formateur	KVP
	28 June 1963	7	Informateur	KVP
	6 June 1963	21	Formateur	KVP
	20 May 1963	16	Informateur	KVP
	27 December 1960	6	Informateur	ARP	1960–1961	^[29]
	14 May 1959	5	Formateur	KVP	1959	^[30]
	1 May 1959	13	Informateur	KVP
	28 March 1959	30	Formateur	KVP
	14 March 1959	13	Informateur	KVP
	19 December 1958	3	Formateur	KVP	1958	^[31]
	12 December 1958	7	Informateur
	9 October 1956	3	Formateur	PvdA	1956	^[32]
	20 September 1956	19	Informateur	PvdA
	22 August 1956	25	Informateur	ARP
	16 August 1956	5	Informateur	PvdA
	7 August 1956	9	Informateur	PvdA
	24 June 1956	9	Formateur	KVP
	16 June 1956	38	Formateur	PvdA
	25 May 1955	9	Formateur	PvdA	1955	^[33]
	29 August 1952	4	Formateur	PvdA	1952	^[34]
	22 August 1952	5	Formateur	CHU
	5 August 1952	17	Formateur	PvdA
	23 July 1952	13	Informateur	KVP
	27 June 1952	26	Formateur	PvdA
	13 March 1951	2	Formateur	KVP	1951	^[35]
	27 February 1951	15	Informateur
	18 February 1951	7	Formateur	KVP
	1 February 1951	16	Formateur	PvdA
				KVP
	28 January 1951	5	Informateur	VVD
	30 July 1948	8	Formateur	KVP	1948	^[36]
	22 July 1948	8	Formateur	KVP
	13 July 1948	10	Formateur
	27 May 1946	36	Formateur	KVP	1946	^[37]
	28 May 1945	27	Formateur	SDAP	May–Jun 1945	^[38] ^[39]
				VDB
	8 February 1945	15	Formateur	ARP	data-sort-value="1945"	Feb 1945	^[40]
	1 July 1941	26	Formateur	ARP	1941	^[41]
	28 August 1940	3	Formateur	ARP	1940
	4 August 1939	6	Formateur	CHU	data-sort-value="1939.5"	Aug 1939	^[42]
	14 July 1939	12	Formateur	ARP	Jun–Jul 1939	^[43]
	9 July 1939	6	Formateur	RKSP
	30 June 1939	10	Formateur	ARP
	30 May 1937	25	Formateur	ARP	1937	^[44]
	29 July 1935	2	Formateur	ARP	1935	^[45]
	26 July 1935	2	Formateur	RKSP
	16 May 1933	11	Formateur	ARP	1933	^[46]
	2 May 1933	15	Formateur
	3 August 1929	7	Formateur	RKSP	1929	^[47]
	12 July 1929	18	Formateur
	1 March 1926	4	Formateur	CHU	1925-1926	^[48]
	23 January 1926	35	Formateur	VDB
	12 December 1925	42	Formateur	CHU
	8 December 1925	4	Formateur	CHU
	24 November 1925	8	Formateur	VDB
	15 July 1925	18	Formateur	ARP	1925	^[49]
	4 January 1924	3	Formateur	liberal	1923-1924	^[50]
	24 November 1923	12	Formateur	CHU
	15 November 1923	10	Formateur	RKSP
	22 July 1922	49	Formateur	RKSP	1922
	19 July 1922	4	Formateur	CHU
	22 June 1921	35	Formateur	RKSP	1921	^[51]
	29 August 1918	9	Formateur	RKSP	1918
	13 July 1918	38	Formateur	RKSP
	2 August 1913	27	Formateur	liberal	1913	^[52]
	11 July 1913	15	Formateur	VDB
	16 January 1908	27	Formateur	ARP	1907–1908	^[53] ^[54]
	17 March 1907	5	Formateur	liberal	1907
	27 February 1907	3	Formateur	CHU
	14 July 1905	34	Formateur	LU	1905	^[55]
	11 July 1901	15	Formateur	ARP	1901	^[56] ^[57]
	13 July 1897	10	Formateur	LU	1897	^[58]
	4 May 1894	4	Formateur	liberal	1894	^[59]
	26 July 1891	22	Formateur	liberal	1891	^[60]
	30 March 1888	20	Formateur	ARP	1888	^[61] ^[62]
	29 March 1883	23	Formateur	liberal	1883	^[63]
	19 March 1883	5	Formateur	liberal
	12 March 1883	7	Formateur	liberal
	4 March 1883	9	Formateur	liberal
	8 August 1882	5	Formateur	conservative	1882	^[64]
	31 July 1882	9	Formateur	liberal
	3 July 1882	5	Formateur	conservative
	12 July 1879	11	Formateur	conservative	1879
				liberal
				liberal
	24 July 1879	9	Formateur	conservative
	16 October 1877	17	Formateur	liberal	1877	^[65]
	14 July 1874	43	Formateur	liberal	1874	^[66]
	25 June 1872	10	Formateur	liberal	1872	^[67]
	1 December 1870	33	Formateur	liberal	1870–1871	^[68]
	24 November 1870	5	Formateur	liberal
				liberal
	23 May 1868	11	Formateur	liberal	1868	^[69]
	17 May 1868	5	Formateur	anti-revolutionary
	4 May 1868	5	Formateur	conservative
	29 April 1868	4	Formateur	conservative
	17 April 1868	2	Formateur	anti-revolutionary
	24 May 1866	7	Formateur	anti-revolutionary	data-sort-value="1866.5"	May–Jun 1866	^[70]
	29 January 1866	7	Formateur	liberal	data-sort-value="1866"	Jan–Feb 1866	^[71]
	18 January 1862	13	Formateur	liberal	1861–1862	^[72]
	12 March 1861	3	Formateur	anti-revolutionary	1861	^[73]
	16 February 1861	24	Formateur	conservative
				conservative
	21 February 1860	3	Formateur	conservative	1860	^[74]
	17 February 1860	4	Formateur	liberal
	3 March 1858	16	Formateur	conservative	1858	^[75]
	1 June 1856	30	Formateur	anti-revolutionary	1856	^[76]
	16 April 1853	3	Formateur	liberal	1853	^[77]
	27 October 1849	3	Formateur	liberal	1849	^[78]
				liberal
	20 September 1849	37	Formateur	conservative
				liberal
	23 March 1848	1	Formateur	liberal	1848	^[79]

See also

• List of Dutch cabinet formations

References

• Book: Van Baalen, Carla . Carla van Baalen

. Carla van Baalen. Van Kessel. Alexander. De kabinetsformatie in vijftig stappen. 2012. The cabinet formation in fifty steps. 9789461055729. Boom. nl.

• Book: Kabinetsformaties 1977-2012. Cabinet formations 1977-2012. Carla. Van Baalen. Carla van Baalen. Alexander. Van Kessel. Boom. 9789461054661. nl. 2016. 8. 10.
• Book: Duynstee, Frans. Frans Duynsteee

. De kabinetsformaties 1946-1965. Frans Duynsteee. Æ. E. Kluwer. Deventer. 1966. nl. The cabinet formations 1946-1965. 220593429. pdf.

• Book: Maas, Petrus Franciscus. Kabinetsformaties 1959-1973. Cabinet formations 1959-1973. 9789012039987. 1982. nl. Staatsuitgeverij.
• Book: Puchinger, G.. George Puchinger

. Colijn en het einde van de coalitie I. De geschiedenis van de kabinetsformaties 1918-1924. Colijn and the end of the coalition I. The history of cabinet formations 1918-1924. George Puchinger. J.H. Kok. Kampen. 1970. nl. 9789024215386.

• Book: Puchinger, G.. George Puchinger

. Colijn en het einde van de coalitie II. De geschiedenis van de kabinetsformaties 1925-1929. Colijn and the end of the coalition II. The history of cabinet formations 1925-1929. George Puchinger. J.H. Kok. Kampen. 1980. nl. 9024203112. 6.

• Book: Puchinger, G.. George Puchinger

. Colijn en het einde van de coalitie III. De geschiedenis van de kabinetsformaties 1933-1939. Colijn and the end of the coalition III. The history of cabinet formations 1933-1939. George Puchinger. J.J. Groen en zoon. Leiden. 1993. nl. 9050303560. 6.

Notes and References

1. Book: Bovend'Eert, Paul. Paul Bovend'Eert

   . Evaluatie Kabinetsformatie 2017. Evaluation Cabinet formation 2017. 6 December 2018. The Hague. Peter. Bootsma. Alexander. Van Kessel. Paul Bovend'Eert. nl. 6-32.

2. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 2023-2024. Parlement.com. 11 December 2023. nl.
3. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 2021. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215920/https://www.parlement.com/id/vlgudau133wd/kabinetsformatie_2021. nl. live.
4. Book: Van Baalen, Carla. Carla van Baalen

   . Evaluatie kabinetsformatie 2021/22. 23 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230223180517/https://www.tweedekamer.nl/sites/default/files/2023-02/20230223%20rapport%20evaluatie%20formatie.pdf. Carla van Baalen. Van Kessel. Alexander. Bovend'Eert. Paul. Van Twist. Mark. 21 February 2023. pdf. nl. Centrum voor Parlementaire Geschiedenis. live.

5. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 2017. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215910/https://www.parlement.com/id/vkckrowfidhn/kabinetsformatie_2017. nl. live.
6. Book: Bovend'Eert, Paul. Paul Bovend'Eert

   . Evaluatie Kabinetsformatie 2017. 6 December 2018. The Hague. Peter. Bootsma. Alexander. Van Kessel. Paul Bovend'Eert. nl.

7. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 2012. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215914/https://www.parlement.com/id/vj2wacx7gux3/kabinetsformatie_2012. nl. live.
8. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 2010. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215916/https://www.parlement.com/id/vifyafhfecz4/kabinetsformatie_2010. nl. live.
9. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 2006-2007. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215932/https://www.parlement.com/id/vhnnmt7mi2vo/kabinetsformatie_2006_2007. nl. live.
10. Web site: Kabinetsformatie July 2006. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215926/https://www.parlement.com/id/vhnnmt7m19zw/kabinetsformatie_July_2006. nl. live.
11. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 2003. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215931/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrqeym1/kabinetsformatie_2003. nl. live.
12. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 2002. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215910/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsw/kabinetsformatie_2002. nl. live.
13. Web site: Kabinetscrisis 1999: de Nacht van Wiegel. Parlement.com. 30 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230730160527/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrouwxi/kabinetscrisis_1999_de_nacht_van_wiegel. 30 July 2023. live. nl.
14. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1998. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215913/https://www.parlement.com/id/vj92ewvsfmvw/kabinetsformatie_1998. nl. live.
15. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1994. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215916/https://www.parlement.com/id/vj9idlp35so2/kabinetsformatie_1994. nl. live.
16. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1989. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215928/https://www.parlement.com/id/vj9mdythjgpb/kabinetsformatie_1989. nl. live.
17. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1986. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 15 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200815042214/https://www.parlement.com/id/vj9nbk6uksu9/kabinetsformatie_1986. nl. live.
18. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1982. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215927/https://www.parlement.com/id/vj9texqr5kwc/kabinetsformatie_1982. nl. live.
19. Web site: Kabinet-Van Agt III (1982). Parlement.com. 30 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230730161119/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhronvw6/kabinet_van_agt_iii_1982. 30 July 2023. live.
20. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1981. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215930/https://www.parlement.com/id/vj4je8ca57mi/kabinetsformatie_1981. nl. live.
21. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1977. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215916/https://www.parlement.com/id/vhqdeqjk4w0k/kabinetsformatie_1977. nl. live.
22. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1972-1973. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215935/https://www.parlement.com/id/vigcbsz1ktzc/kabinetsformatie_1972_1973. nl. live.
23. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1972. Parlement.com. 9 December 2023. nl.
24. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1971. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215913/https://www.parlement.com/id/vja6lp70wwue/kabinetsformatie_1971. nl.
25. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1967. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215922/https://www.parlement.com/id/vjang9q35flx/kabinetsformatie_1967. nl. live.
26. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1966. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215913/https://www.parlement.com/id/vjarl08fivv7/kabinetsformatie_1966. nl. live.
27. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1965. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215920/https://www.parlement.com/id/vjasj4we7rxn/kabinetsformatie_1965. nl. live.
28. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1963. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215923/https://www.parlement.com/id/vjavfegsnrsk/kabinetsformatie_1963. nl. live.
29. Web site: Mr. W.F. de Gaay Fortman. 25 December 2023. nl. Parlement.com.
30. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1959. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215920/https://www.parlement.com/id/vjazhntyiudk/kabinetsformatie_1959. nl. live.
31. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1958. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 5 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210805165838/https://www.parlement.com/id/vjb5jhgc32mt/kabinetsformatie_1958. nl. live.
32. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1956. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215917/https://www.parlement.com/id/vjb7m26w4huj/kabinetsformatie_1956. nl. live.
33. Web site: Mr. J.A.W. (Jaap) Burger. Parlement.com. 25 December 2023. nl.
34. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1952. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215910/https://www.parlement.com/id/vjbklro94skj/kabinetsformatie_1952. nl. live.
35. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1951. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215919/https://www.parlement.com/id/vjbmiegk8oed/kabinetsformatie_1951. nl. live.
36. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1948. Parlement.com. 21 April 2021. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421215924/https://www.parlement.com/id/vjbrgappfdxc/kabinetsformatie_1948. nl. live.
37. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1946. Parlement.com. 28 December 2023. nl. Cabinet formation 1946.
38. Web site: Kabinetsformatie 1945. Parlement.com. 23 May 2024. nl.
39. Book: Duynstee, F.J.F.M.. Frans Duynstee

    . Het Kabinet Schermerhorn-Drees. 9789023214120. Frans Duynstee. J.. Bosmans. Van Gorcum. Assen/Amsterdam. nl.

40. Web site: Mr. P.S. (Pieter) Gerbrandy. Parlement.com. 16 June 2024. nl.
41. Web site: Kabinet-Gerbrandy I en II (1940-1945). 6 July 2022. Parlement.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706190124/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws2/kabinet_gerbrandy_i_en_ii_1940_1945. 6 July 2022. live.
42. Web site: Kabinet-De Geer II (1939-1940). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706183316/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws1/kabinet_de_geer_ii_1939_1940. 6 July 2022. live.
43. Web site: Kabinet-Colijn V (1939). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706190115/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wry/kabinet_colijn_v_1939. 6 July 2022. live.
44. Web site: Kabinet-Colijn IV (1937-1939). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706190014/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws0/kabinet_colijn_iv_1937_1939. 6 July 2022. live.
45. Web site: Kabinet-Colijn III (1935-1937). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706190121/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wrz/kabinet_colijn_iii_1935_1937. 6 July 2022.
46. Web site: Kabinet-Colijn II (1933-1935). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706190015/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wrv/kabinet_colijn_ii_1933_1935. 6 July 2022. live.
47. Web site: Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III (1929-1933). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706190118/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wrw/kabinet_ruijs_de_beerenbrouck_iii_1929. 6 July 2022. nl. live.
48. Web site: Kabinet-De Geer I (1926-1929). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706191256/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wrx/kabinet_de_geer_i_1926_1929. 2022-07-06. nl. live.
49. Web site: Kabinet-Colijn I (1925-1926). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706193640/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wru/kabinet_colijn_i_1925_1926. 6 July 2022. live.
50. Web site: Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II (1922-1925). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706193638/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wrt/kabinet_ruijs_de_beerenbrouck_ii_1922. 6 July 2022. nl. live.
51. Web site: Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I (1918-1922). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706193639/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp1x0g/kabinet_ruijs_de_beerenbrouck_i_1918. 6 July 2022. live. nl.
52. Web site: Kabinet-Cort van der Linden (1913-1918). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530102545/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws4/kabinet_cort_van_der_linden_1913_1918. 30 May 2022. live. nl.
53. Web site: Kabinet-Heemskerk (1908-1913). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194552/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws5/kabinet_heemskerk_1908_1913. 6 July 2022. live. nl.
54. Book: De Bruijn, Jan. Jan de Bruijn

    . Wilhelmina formeert. Boom. Amsterdam. 2012. 9789461053008. Jan de Bruijn. nl.

55. Web site: Kabinet-De Meester (1905-1908). Parlement.com. 6 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194549/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws7/kabinet_de_meester_1905_1908. 6 July 2022. live. nl.
56. Web site: Kabinet-Kuyper (1901-1905). Parlement.com. 30 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605233153/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws8/kabinet_kuyper_1901_1905. 5 June 2023. live. nl.
57. Book: De Bruijn, Jan. Jan de Bruijn

    . 'Kuyper ist ein Luegner'. Amsterdam. Jan de Bruijn. 9072319168. Historisch Documentatiecentrum voor het Nederlands Protestantisme. nl. 2001.

58. Web site: Kabinet-Pierson (1897-1901). Parlement.com. 30 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230622002755/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsn/kabinet_pierson_1897_1901. 22 June 2023. live. nl.
59. Web site: Kabinet-Röell (1894-1897). Parlement.com. 30 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230607051118/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsm/kabinet_roell_1894_1897. 7 June 2023. live. nl.
60. Web site: Kabinet-Van Tienhoven (1891-1894). Parlement.com. 30 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230530143858/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsl/kabinet_van_tienhoven_1891_1894. 30 May 2023. live. nl.
61. Web site: Kabinet-Mackay (1888-1891). Parlement.com. 14 July 2024. nl.
62. Westenbroek . A.J.M. . 1976a. De kabinetsformatie Mackay 1888 I . The cabinet formation Mackay 1888 I. Anti-Revolutionaire Staatkunde . Dr. Abraham Kuyperstichting. 12 July 2024. nl. 240-248.
63. Web site: Kabinet-Heemskerk Azn. (1883-1888). Parlement.com. 31 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230502204841/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsf/kabinet_heemskerk_azn_1883_1888. 2 May 2023. live. nl.
64. Web site: Kabinet-Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1879-1883). Parlement.com. 31 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230430163355/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wse/kabinet_van_lynden_van_sandenburg_1879. 30 April 2023. live. nl.
65. Web site: Kabinet-Kappeyne van de Coppello (1877-1879). Parlement.com. 31 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230430170354/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsd/kabinet_kappeyne_van_de_coppello_1877. 30 April 2023. live. nl.
66. Web site: Kabinet-Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1874-1877). Parlement.com. 31 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230430170357/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsc/kabinet_heemskerk_van_lynden_van. 30 April 2023. live. nl.
67. Web site: Kabinet-De Vries/Fransen van de Putte (1872-1874). Parlement.com. 31 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230506175843/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsa/kabinet_de_vries_fransen_van_de_putte. 6 May 2023. live. nl.
68. Web site: Kabinet-Thorbecke III (1871-1872). Parlement.com. 31 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230607045650/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws9/kabinet_thorbecke_iii_1871_1872. 7 June 2023. live. nl.
69. Web site: Kabinet-Van Bosse/Fock (1868-1871). Parlement.com. 31 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230503170921/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsb/kabinet_van_bosse_fock_1868_1871. 3 May 2023. live. nl.
70. Web site: Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1866-1868). Parlement.com. 31 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230610133810/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsp/kabinet_van_zuylen_van_nijevelt_1866. 10 June 2023. live. nl.
71. Web site: Kabinet-Fransen van de Putte (1866). Parlement.com. 31 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230731183341/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsq/kabinet_fransen_van_de_putte_1866. 31 July 2023. live. nl.
72. Web site: Kabinet-Thorbecke II (1862-1866). Parlement.com. 6 May 2024. nl.
73. Web site: Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra (1861-1862). Parlement.com. 3 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230803180251/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wss/kabinet_van_zuylen_van_nijevelt_van. 3 August 2023. live. nl.
74. Web site: Kabinet-Van Hall/Van Heemstra (1860-1861). Parlement.com. 3 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230803181347/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wst/kabinet_van_hall_van_heemstra_1860_1861. 3 August 2023. live. nl.
75. Web site: Kabinet-Rochussen (1858-1860). Parlement.com. 3 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230803182102/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsu/kabinet_rochussen_1858_1860. 3 August 2023. live. nl.
76. Web site: Kabinet-Van der Brugghen (1856-1858). Parlement.com. 3 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230803182101/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsv/kabinet_van_der_brugghen_1856_1858. 3 August 2023. live. nl.
77. Web site: Kabinet-Van Hall/Donker Curtius (1853-1856). Parlement.com. 3 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230803182100/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wt0/kabinet_van_hall_donker_curtius_1853. 3 August 2023. live. nl.
78. Web site: Kabinet-Thorbecke I (1849-1853). Parlement.com. 10 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230810232202/https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wt1/kabinet_thorbecke_i_1849_1853. 10 August 2023. live. nl.
79. Web site: G. (Gerrit) graaf Schimmelpenninck. Parlement.com. 10 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602124242/https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09ll7ggszb/g_gerrit_graaf_schimmelpenninck. 2 June 2023. live. nl.