List of Darmstadt Society of Forty members explained

In 1847, Hermann Spiess,[1] Ferdinand Ludwig Herff,[2] and Gustav Schleicher[3] founded the "Darmstädter Vierziger" (the Society of Forty), sometimes referred to as the Socialistic Colony and Society. The founders, as well as many of the members, were from Darmstadt, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. They originally planned to establish socialistic communes in Wisconsin.

Spiess and Herff were approached in Wiesbaden by Adelsverein vice president and executive secretary-business director Count Carl Frederick Christian of Castell-Castell,[4] who made a deal with them to colonize 200 families on the Fisher–Miller Land Grant territory in Texas. In return, they were to receive $12,000 in money, livestock, and equipment and provisions for a year. After the first year, the colonies were expected to support themselves.[5] The colonies attempted were Castell,[6] Leiningen, Bettina,[7] Schoenburg, and Meerholz in Llano County; Darmstädler Farm in Comal County; and Tusculum in Kendall County.[8] Of these, only two survived: Castell and Tusculum, which was renamed Boerne in 1852. The colonies failed after the Adelsverein funding expired, and because of conflict of structure and authorities. Some members moved to other Adelsverein settlements in Texas; others moved elsewhere, or returned to Germany.

The Forty

The following list is derived from the first-hand account of Louis Reinhardt, as well as other historical records.[9]

+Darmstadt Society of Forty
NameShipNotes
Otto AmelungSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Lawyer
Heinrich Backofen (circa 1804–1872) St. Pauli, July 4, 1847Maker of musical instruments
Peter BubSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Maker of musical instruments
Unknown DeichertBlacksmith
Christoph Flach St. Pauli, July 4, 1847Mechanic[10]
St. Pauli, July 4, 1847Wrede School in Gillespie County, Texas was established on his land. He was part of the German negotiating team for the Meusebach–Comanche Treaty.[11] [12] He served in the Texas House of Representatives Nov 7, 1859 - Nov 8, 1861 (Note: Texas became part of the Confederate States of America on March 2, 1861.[13])
Rudolph FuchsLawyer
Adolph HahnSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Lieutenant of the military
Unknown HeffCarpenter
Ferdinand Ludwig Herff (1820–1912)1846Physician[14]
Unknown HerrmannForester
Christian HesseLawyer
Johannes Hoerner[15]
Louis KappelhoffShip carpenter
Heinrich KattmannSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847
Adam KoeppelSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847
Jacob Kuechler (1823–1893)St. Pauli, July 4, 1847Forester
Georg August LerchSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Architect
Ferdinand Lindheimer (1801–1879)1834Naturalist
Louis FriedrichSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Forester
Unknown MertingMinister
Friedrich MichelSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Brewer
Franz Morde
Edward MuellerSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Agriculturalist
Unknown NeffCarpenter
Unknown NeffButcher
Unknown OttmerMiller
Ludwig (Louis) ReinhardtSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Botanist
Unknown RockanAmerican who joined in Victoria, Texas
Phillipp Friedrich Karl Theodore (Fritz) Schenck (1820–1875) St. Pauli, July 4, 1847Forester[16]
Gustav Schleicher (1823–1879)St. Pauli, July 4, 1847Engineer
Theodore SchlenningSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Physician
Leopold SchulzPhysician
Anton Schunk Maker of musical instruments
Hermann Spiess (c.1818–1873)Co-founder of the Bettina, Texas, commune in 1847, he became commissioner-general of the Adelsverein after the resignation of John O. Meusebach.[17]
August StraussSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Mechanic
Adam Vogt (1822–1882) St. Pauli, July 4, 1847Forester; signed the petition to create Kendall County; first Judge of Kendall County[18]
Julius WagnerSt. Pauli, July 4, 1847Lawyer
Karl WundtLawyer
Philip Zoeller (1818–1900)St. Pauli, July 4, 1847Architect who designed the Kendall County Courthouse.[19]

Source material

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Ragsdale. Crystal Sasse. Hermann Spiess. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. 30 January 2011.
  2. Web site: Stembridge. Vernie A. Ferdinand Ludwig Herff. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. 20 January 2011.
  3. Web site: Heinen. Hubert Plummer. Gustav Schleicher. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. 20 January 2011.
  4. Web site: Brister. Louis E. Count Carl of Castell-Castell. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. 16 January 2011.
  5. King (1967) p.122
  6. Web site: Heckert-Greene. James B. Castell, Texas. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. 20 January 2011.
  7. Web site: Lich. Glen E. Bettina, Texas. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. 20 January 2011.
  8. Web site: Lich. Glen E. The Forty. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. 20 January 2011.
  9. Reinhardt. Louis. The Communistic Colony of Bettina. The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association. 1900. 3. 33–40. Denton, TX. Texas State Historical Association. July 10, 2017.
    Web site: Immigration Database. Galveston Historical Foundation. July 10, 2017. ; Web site: Indianola Immigrant Database . Victoria Tx Regional History Center . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101125235646/http://vrhc.uhv.edu/manuscripts/indianola/home.cfm . 2010-11-25 . July 10, 2017.
  10. Web site: TSHA Forty . Handbook of Texas Onlinde . Texas State Historican Association . 28 June 2021.
  11. Book: Fey, Everett Anthony. New Braunfels: The First Founders. 1994. Eakin Press. 978-0-89015-987-3.
  12. Web site: Wrede, Friedrich Wilhelm Von, Jr. . Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association.
  13. Web site: Friedrich Wilhelm Von Wrede, Jr. . Legislative Reference Library of Texas . State of Texas . 28 June 2021.
  14. Web site: Herff, Ferdinand Ludwig . Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Society . 29 June 2021.
  15. Web site: Bettina, TX . Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association.
  16. Web site: Schenck, Philipp Friedrich Karl Theodor . Handbook of Texas . Texas State Historical Association.
  17. Web site: TSHA Spiess, Hermann . Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association . 28 June 2021.
  18. Web site: Adam Vogt . www.ci.boerne.tx.us . City of Boerne, Texas . 28 June 2021.
  19. Web site: Details - Kendall County Courthouse - Atlas Number 4302000191 - Atlas: Texas Historical Commission . atlas.thc.state.tx.us . 28 June 2021.