List of Cyrillic multigraphs explained
See also: Cyrillic alphabets and Cyrillic script.
See main article: Cyrillic digraphs. The following multigraphs are used in the Cyrillic script. The palatalized consonants of Russian and other languages written as C-(ь) are mostly predictable and therefore not included here unless they are irregular. Likewise, in the languages of the Caucasus, there are numerous other predictable multigraphs that are not included. These include doubled letters (or whole digraphs) that indicate 'tense' ('strong') consonants and long vowels; sequences with (в), (у), (ә) for labialized consonants; and sequences with or (ъ) for ejective consonants or pharyngealized consonants and vowels. Tatar also has discontinuous digraphs. See Cyrillic digraphs for examples.
А
(аа)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(аа)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ан)
(аь)
(а)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
В
(вь)
Г
(гв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/
(гг)
(гу)
- Adyghe: pronounced as /link/
- Kabardian: pronounced as /link/
- Ossetian: pronounced as /link/
- Also found in several other languages where (у) is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).
(гў)
(гъ)
(гъв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/
(гъу)
(гъь)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
(гъ)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(гъв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(гь)
(гә)
(г)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Aghul: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
- Chechen: pronounced as /link/
- Dargwa: pronounced as /link/
- Ingush: pronounced as /link/
(гв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
Ӷ
(ӷь)
(ӷә)
Д
(дж)
(джв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
(джь)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
(дз)
(дзу)
(дч)
- Russian: pronounced as /link/ (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)
(дь)
- Yakut: pronounced as /link/
(дә)
Е
(ее)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ее)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(е)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
Ё
(ён)
(ёь)
Ж
(жв)
(жд)
- Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced pronounced as /ru/ (palatalized to pronounced as /ru/ before (ь) and palatalizing vowels). However, in the word дождь ("rain") and its derivatives, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound pronounced as /link/ (devoiced to pronounced as /link/ in the nominative singular of дождь). The unpalatalized pronunciation pronounced as /link/ in these words (unlike words with (жж) or (зж)) is uncommon and considered nonstandard.
(жж)
- Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced pronounced as /link/. However, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound pronounced as /link/ (though this is becoming increasingly outdated).
(жч)
- Russian: pronounced as /link/ (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)
(жъ)
(жъу)
(жь)
(жә)
З
(зв) :
(зж)
- Russian: pronounced as /link/ (regular) or pronounced as /link/ (conservative Moscow pronunciation) (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)
(зч)
- Russian: pronounced as /link/ (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)
Ӡ
(ӡә)
И
(ии) :
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ии) :
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ий)
(и) :
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
Й
(йх)
К
(кв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /link/
- Khanty: pronounced as /link/
(кк)
(ккв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ккх)
(ккъ)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ккъ)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ккъв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ку)
- Adyghe: pronounced as /link/
- Kabardian: pronounced as /link/
- Ossetian: pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /link/
- Also found in several other languages where (у) is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).
(кх)
(кхъ)
(кхъу)
(къ)
(къв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/
(къу)
(къь)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
(къ)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(къв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(кь)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Abkhaz: pronounced as /link/
- Aghul: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /link/
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
- Dargwa: pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/
- Tabasaran: pronounced as /link/
(кьв)
(кә)
(к)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Adyghe: pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /link/
- Aghul: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
- Chechen: pronounced as /link/
- Dargwa: pronounced as /link/
- Ingush pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /link/
- Kabardian: pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/
- Tabasaran: pronounced as /link/
(кв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/
(кк)
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
(ку)
(кь)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
(кʼ)
Қ
(қь)
(қә)
Ҟ
(ҟь)
(ҟә)
Ӄ
(ӄʼ)
Л
(ллъ)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ллъв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(лх)
(лъ)
(лъв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(лълъ)
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
(ль)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
(л) :
(лв) :
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
Н
(нг)
(нг)
(нъ)
(нь)
Ң
(ңв)
О
(ов)
(ое)
(он)
(оо) :
(оо) :
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(оь)
- Chechen: pronounced as /link/
- Kumyk: pronounced as /link/
- Nogai: pronounced as /link/
(о) :
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
П
(пп)
(пъ)
(п) :
(пу) :
(пʼ)
Р
(рх)
(рх)
С
(св)
(сж)
- Russian: pronounced as /link/ (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)
(сс)
- Aghul: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
- Chechen: pronounced as /link/
(сщ)
- Russian: pronounced as /link/ (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)
Т
(тв) :
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /link/
(тл) :
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
(тт)
(тч)
- Russian: pronounced as /link/ (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)
(тш)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Komi: pronounced as /link/
(тъ)
(тә)
(т)
(тв) :
(ту)
(тʼ)
Ҭ
(ҭә)
У
(ув)
(уо)
(уу) :
(уу) :
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(уь)
(уьй)
(у) :
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
Ү
(үй)
Ф
(фф)
- Aghul: pronounced as /link/
(ф)
Х
(хв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/
- Khanty: pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /[xv]/
(ху)
(хх)
- Aghul: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
(ххв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ххь)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(ххьв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(хъ)
(хъв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/
(хъу)
(хъ)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(хъв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(хь)
(хьв)
(хьхь)
- Aghul: pronounced as /link/
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
(хь)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(хьв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(хә)
(х)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Aghul: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
- Chechen: pronounced as /link/
- Dargwa: pronounced as /link/
- Ingush pronounced as /link/
(хв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
Ҳ
(ҳә)
Ц
(цв) :
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
- Lezgian: pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /link/
(цз)
- In the cyrillization of Chinese it is used for pronounced as /link/ and pronounced as /link/, equivalent to pinyin (z) and, before an iotated vowel, (j).
(цу)
(цц)
(цц)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(цъ)
(цә)
(ц)
(цв) :
(цц)
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
Ҵ
(ҵә)
Ч
(чв)
(чж)
(чч)
(чъ)
(ч)
(чв)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(чч)
- Avar: pronounced as /link/
(чʼ)
Џ
(џь)
Ш
(шв)
(шч)
- Russian: pronounced as /link/ (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)
(шъ)
(шъу)
(шь)
(шә)
(ш)
- Abaza: pronounced as /link/
- Adyghe: pronounced as /link/
(шу)
Щ
(щв)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(щ)
Ы
(ы)
Э
(эй)
(эр)
(ээ)
(ээ)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
(э)
- Archi: pronounced as /link/
Ю
(юй)
(юь)
Я
(ян)
(яь)
(у)
(ь)
See also
