List of Cornell University fraternities and sororities explained

This article includes a list of Cornell University fraternities and sororities. The Cornell University Greek system dates to the first months of university operation during the autumn of 1868. Cornell's co-founder and first president, Andrew Dickson White was a strong promoter of fraternities as a means of teaching self-governance to young students. Among its leaders, other strong supporters of the Greek system were Presidents Edmund Ezra Day and Frank H.T. Rhodes.

Among general ("social") organizations, Cornell currently recognizes 29 Interfraternity Council fraternities, 11 Panhellenic Association sororities, and 15 Multicultural Greek and Fraternal Council fraternities and sororities.^[1]

Interfraternity Council

Fraternities constituting the Interfraternity Council (IFC) are listed by dates of local founding and noted with national conference membership where applicable. As of 2023, there are two gender-neutral and 29 male-only fraternities. Fraternities may be suspended ("de-recognized") or closed for disciplinary or other reasons as determined by the IFC, governing bodies including national organizations, and/or the University. Dormant houses, which include both closed fraternities and/or those that have forfeited their housing, are italicized. Active houses, including those that have been suspended for a year or less are in bold.

Active chapters

NIC indicates current members of the North American Interfraternity Conference; PFA indicates current and former members of the Professional Fraternity Association; Unaffiliated indicates former members of the NIC.

Organization	Letters	Chapter	Years Active	Affiliation	Chapter house address	References
Zeta Psi	ΖΨ	Psi	1868–	NIC	534 Thurston Ave
Chi Phi	ΧΦ	Xi	1868–1881, 1888–	NIC	107 Edgemoor Ln
Alpha Delta Phi	ΑΔΦ	Cornell	1869–	NIC	777 Stewart Ave
Chi Psi	ΧΨ	Psi	1869–1875, 1885–2014, 2016–	NIC	810 University Ave	^[2] ^[3] ^[4]
Delta Upsilon	ΔΥ	Cornell	1869–2002, 2004–	NIC	6 South Ave
Delta Phi	ΔΦ	Cornell	1891–2018, 2022–	NIC	100 Cornell Ave
Delta Kappa Epsilon	ΔΚΕ	Delta Chi	1870–2013, 2017–	NIC	13 South Ave
Phi Delta Theta	ΦΔΘ	New York-Alpha	1872–1876, 1886–1970, 1973–	NIC	2 Ridgewood Rd
Beta Theta Pi	ΒΘΠ	Beta Delta	1879–	NIC	100 Ridgewood Rd
Phi Gamma Delta	ΦΓΔ (FIJI)	Cornell	1888–1989, 1993–2020, 2022–	NIC	118 McGraw Pl
Phi Sigma Kappa	ΦΣΚ	Gamma	1889–	NIC	702 University Ave
Delta Chi	ΔΧ	Alpha	1890–2003, 2007–	NIC	102 The Knoll	^[5]
Delta Tau Delta	ΔΤΔ	Beta Omicron	1890–	NIC	104 Mary Ann Wood Dr
Sigma Chi	ΣΧ	Alpha Phi	1890–	NIC	106 Cayuga Heights Rd
Sigma Phi	ΣΦ	New York-Epsilon	1890–	NIC	1 Forest Park Ln
Sigma Alpha Epsilon	ΣΑΕ	Cornell	1891–1895, 1898–2011, 2022–	NIC	122 McGraw Pl	^[6]
Kappa Sigma	ΚΣ	Alpha Kappa	1892–2010, 2012–		600 University Ave
Alpha Zeta	ΑΖ	Cornell	1901–	PFA	214 Thurston Ave
Sigma Nu	ΣΝ	Gamma Theta	1901–2018, 2021–	NIC	230 Willard Way	^[7] ^[8]
Seal and Serpent			1905–	Independent, former IFC	305 Thurston Ave	^[9]
Acacia		No. 14 Cornell	1907–	NIC	318 Highland Rs
Zeta Beta Tau	ΖΒΤ	Kappa	1907–1982, 1989–2013, 2014–	NIC	1 Edgecliff Pl	^[10]
Alpha Sigma Phi	ΑΣΦ	Iota	1909–	NIC	804 Stewart Ave
Sigma Alpha Mu	ΣΑΜ	Beta	1911–1912, 1915–1973, 1985–2021, 2022–	NIC	14 South Ave	^[11]
Kappa Delta Rho	ΚΔΡ	Beta	1913–1943, 1950–	NIC	312 Highland Rd	^[12]
Lambda Chi Alpha	ΛΧΑ	Omicron	1913–		125 Edgemoor Lane
Alpha Gamma Rho	ΑΓΡ	Zeta	1914–	NIC and PFA	203 Highland Ave
Pi Kappa Alpha	ΠΚΑ	Beta Theta	1917-2010, 2013–	NIC	17 South Ave
Sigma Pi	ΣΠ	Mu	1917–	NIC	730 University Ave
Pi Kappa Phi	ΠΚΦ	Psi	1921–1937, 1949–1986, 1990–2001, 2002–	NIC	55 Ridgewood Rd
Phi Kappa Tau	ΦΚΤ	Alpha Tau	1930–1994, 2000–	NIC	106 The Knoll

Chapters whose names changed

• Irving Society - 1868–1869, evolved into Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΚΨ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΣΧ - Alpha Sigma Chi, 1871–1879, absorbed into Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΒΘΠ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΕΚΠ - Epsilon Kappa Pi (local), 188x ?–1888, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΓΔ^[13]
• L and J Club - 1895–1913, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΩΔ (see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΠ)
• Skull - 1901–1918, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΣ
• Bandhu - 1902–1918, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΣ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΘΛΦ - Theta Lambda Phi, 1903–1912, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΦΕ
• Zodiac - 1904–1936, absorbed into Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΤΩ after a failed absorption by Beta Kappa
• Cerberus - 1904–1911, became ΦΚΣ
• Cayuga Club - 1905–1910, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΦΣ (see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΤΚΕ)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΩΠΑ - Omega Pi Alpha, 1905–1907, see Nayati (local)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΚΨ - Kappa Psi, 1907–1923, local, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΤΚΕ
• Nayati - 1907–1919, local, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΣΦ
• Obelisk - 1907-1910, local, see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΧΡ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΣ Phi Delta Sigma, 1908–1930, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΚΤ
• ISWZA - 1908–1913, local, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΛΧΑ
• Arts and Science Club - 1908–1922, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΦΔ
• Amphia - 1909-1912, became ΘΧ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΒΣ - Beta Sigma (local), 1910–1911, Jewish, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΛΦ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΒHebrew: ס - English: Beta Samach, 1910–1920, Jewish, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΒΣΡ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΦΣ - Sigma Phi Sigma, 1910–1941, see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΤΚΕ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΕΠ - Phi Epsilon Pi, 1911–1970, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΖΒΤ
• Cadeucus - 1911–1914, local, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΓΡ
• Eleusis, 1912–1931, local, became ΘΚΝ, (see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΛΧΑ).
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΘ - Alpha Theta, 1912–1917, local, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΚΑ^[14]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΟΑΤ - Omicron Alpha Tau, 1912–1934, Jewish, merged with Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΤΔΦ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΣΔ - Phi Sigma Delta, 1912–1970, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΖΒΤ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΒΔ - Phi Beta Delta, 1912–1918, 1934–1941, Jewish, see ΠΛΦ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΩΔ - Omega Delta, 1913–1917, local, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΠ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΟΣΟ - Omicron Sigma Omicron, 1914–1915, local, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΘΑ, (see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΣΛ)^[15]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΘΑ - Theta Alpha, 1915–1933, see ΔΣΛ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΤ - Phi Tau, 1915–1916 (local), Jewish, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΕΠ^[16]
• Komos Club - 1916–1921, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΚΦ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΒΣΡ - Beta Sigma Rho, 1920–1972, Jewish, merged with Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΛΦ
• Scorpion Club - 1923–1940, became Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΤΚΕ^[17]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΜ - Phi Delta Mu, 1925–1934, Jewish, see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΒΔ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΒΨ - Beta Psi, 1926–1935, dormant, see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΒΚ^[18]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΩΨ - Sigma Omega Psi, –1934?, Jewish, see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΕΠ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΘΚΦ - Theta Kappa Phi, 1927–1931, became ΦΚΘ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΘΚΝ - Theta Kappa Nu, 1931–1939 (NIC), merged into Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΛΧΑ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΒΚ - Beta Kappa, 1934–1936 (NIC), see ΘΧ
• Cornell Engineering Men - 194x ?–1942, local, became Triangle
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΚΝ - Kappa Nu, 1951–1963, Jewish, see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΣΕ
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΑ - Phi Alpha, 1953–1959, Jewish, merged into Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΣΔ (see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΖΒΤ)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΣΕ - Phi Sigma Epsilon, 1963–1985 (NIC), see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΣΚ and Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΘΧ.
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΑ - Phi Delta Alpha, 1970–1973, see Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΘ

Dormant chapters

• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΚΑ - Kappa Alpha Society, 1868–1990, 2007–2018 (NIC)^[19]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΩ - Alpha Omega, 1868–1870, local
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΚΨ - Phi Kappa Psi, 1869–1877, 1885–2020 (NIC)^[20]
• ΘΔΧ - Theta Delta Chi, Beta Charge, 1870-1999, 2003–2023, NIC. Agreed to withdrawal of recognition for at least three years, effective fall 2023, for violations of social event policy
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΔΠ - Sigma Delta Pi (Vitruvian), 1871–1874
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΨΥ - Psi Upsilon, 1876–2016 (NIC)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΘΝΕ - Theta Nu Epsilon, 1877–1913^[21]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΒΦ - Delta Beta Phi, 1878–1882
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΤΩ - Alpha Tau Omega, 1887–2013 (NIC)
• Q.T.V. - 1888–1889
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΛΦ - Pi Lambda Phi, 1896–1901, 1911–1976 (NIC)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΘΞ - Theta Xi, 1903–1970, 2008–2010, (NIC)^[22]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΣΦ - Delta Sigma Phi, Theta chapter, 1907–1943 (NIC)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΧΡ - Alpha Chi Rho, 1908–1971, 1976–1980, 1992–199x ? (NIC)^[23]
• Huntington Club - 1911–1922+, local, Episcopal affinity^[24]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΚΣ - Phi Kappa Sigma, 1911–1991 (NIC)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΘΧ - Theta Chi, 1912-1983, 1985–1999 (NIC)^[25]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΦΕ - Sigma Phi Epsilon, 1912–2005, 2006–2019 (NIC)^[26]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΤΕΦ - Tau Epsilon Phi, 1913–1932, 1939–2012 (NIC)
• Philos Club - 1914–1917, local
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΥ - Sigma Upsilon, 1915–1933, local
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΠ - Phi Delta Pi, 1916–1926, Jewish
• ΑΕΠ - Alpha Epsilon Pi, 1917–1976, 1978–2001?, 2005–2023, NIC. Agreed to withdrawal of recognition for at least three years, effective fall 2023, for violations of social event policy
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΦΔ - Alpha Phi Delta, 1922–1968, 2012–2018 (NIC)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΤΚΕ - Tau Kappa Epsilon, 1923-1934, 1940–2012, 2018–2020^[27]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΚΘ - Phi Kappa Theta, 1927–1931 (NIC)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΣΛ - Delta Sigma Lambda, 1933–1936 (DeMolay affiliated)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΤΔΦ - Tau Delta Phi, Tau Beta chapter,1934–1971 (NIC), Jewish
• Triangle, 1942–1985 (NIC)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΓΣ - Alpha Gamma Sigma, 1972–199x (NIC), agricultural focus
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΧΔ - Sigma Chi Delta, 1981–2020 co-ed local^[28]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΛΜ - Alpha Lambda Mu, Gamma chapter, 2014–2020^{[29] [30]}

Panhellenic Council

Sororities constituting the Panhellenic Council (PHC) are listed with dates of local founding and national conference membership, these are women's organizations, voluntarily coordinating their efforts within the PHC. As part of PHC or national organization self-governance, or University disciplinary action, chapters may be suspended ("de-recognized") or closed for a time. If a chapter is closed and/or forfeits its housing, it will be listed as a dormant chapter. Active groups are in bold, and dormant groups are in italics. See the Office of Student Life for current PHA members.

NPC indicates members of the National Panhellenic Conference.

Active chapters

Organization	Symbols	Chapter name	Chapter date and range	Affiliation	Chapter house address	References
Kappa Alpha Theta	ΚΑΘ	Iota	1881–1965, 1980–	NPC	519 Stewart Ave	^[31]
Kappa Kappa Gamma	ΚΚΓ	Psi Deuteron	1883–1969, 1977–	NPC	508 Thurston Ave	^[32]
Delta Gamma	ΔΓ	Chi	1885–	NPC	117 Triphammer Rd	^[33]
Alpha Phi	ΑΦ	Delta	1889–1997, 1998–	NPC	411 Thurston Ave	^[34]
Pi Beta Phi	ΠΒΦ	NY Delta	1892–1893, 1919–	NPC	330 Triphammer Rd	^[35]
Delta Delta Delta	ΔΔΔ	Alpha Beta	1913–	NPC	118 Triphammer Rd	^[36]
Kappa Delta	ΚΔ	Omega Chi	1917–1969, 1975–	NPC	109 Triphammer Rd	^[37]
Sigma Delta Tau	ΣΔΤ	Alpha	1917–	NPC	115 Ridgewood Rd	^[38]
Alpha Xi Delta	ΑΞΔ	Alpha Beta	1918–1964, 2005–	NPC	40 Ridgewood Rd	^[39]
Alpha Epsilon Phi	ΑΕΦ	Kappa	1920–1971, 197x–	NPC	435 Wyckoff Ave Ithaca, NY 14850	^[40]
Alpha Chi Omega	ΑΧΩ	Zeta Phi	1984	NPC	210 Thurston Ave	^[41]

Chapters whose names changed

• Sennightly, 1895–1913, became ΔΔΔ
• ΩΧ - Omega Chi, 1916–1917, local, became ΚΔ
• ΦΚ - Phi Kappa, 1916–1917, local, became ΧΩ
• ΔΠΑ - Delta Pi Alpha, 1916–1918, local, became ΑΞΔ
• ΣΔΦ - Sigma Delta Phi, 1917–1919, local, became ΣΔΤ^[42]
• ΧΓ - Chi Gamma, 1920–1921, 1956–1964, local, became ΣΚ
• ΣΚ - Sigma Kappa, 1921–1956 (NPC), reverted to local ΧΓ
• ΚΚΨ - Kappa Kappa Psi, 1969–1977, local, re-formed as ΚΚΓ

Dormant chapters

• ΑΟΠ - Alpha Omicron Pi, 1908–1962, 1989–2008 (NPC)
• ΔΖ - Delta Zeta, 1908–1932 (NPC)
• ΧΩ - Chi Omega, 1917–1963, 1987–2003 (NPC)
• ΣΚ - Sigma Kappa, 1921–1956 (NPC)
• ΦΣΣ - Phi Sigma Sigma, Beta Xi chapter, 1954–1969, 2011–2023 (NPC)
• ΔΦΕ - Delta Phi Epsilon, 1960–1988, 1994–2003 (NPC)
• ΙΑΠ - Iota Alpha Pi, 1966–1967 (NPC), disbanded nationally 1971
• ΑΓΔ - Alpha Gamma Delta, 1985–1996 (NPC)
• ΦΜ - Phi Mu, 2014–2021 (NPC)^[43]

Multicultural Greek & Fraternal Council

Sororities and Fraternities constituting the Multicultural Greek and Fraternal Council (MGFC) were originally affiliated with specific ethnicities or languages. Most of these organizations are now fully integrated as are the rest of Cornell's Greek letter organizations. All MGFC chapters are. Listed with dates of local founding and national conference membership, these are men's and women's organizations that voluntarily coordinate their efforts within the MGFC. As part of MGFC or University self-governance during disciplinary action, chapters may be suspended ("de-recognized") for a time. Unless the suspensions result in long-term closure of the chapter or forfeiture of a building, they should not be removed from this list. Active groups are in bold, and dormant groups are in italics. See the Office of Student Life for current MGFC members. The inter-Greek councils often cooperate on programs and policies, as do individual chapters from among the several Greek councils.

Men's fraternities

• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΦΑ - Alpha Phi Alpha, 1906 (NPHC, NIC)^[44]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΚΑΨ - Kappa Alpha Psi, 1978 (NPHC, NIC)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΒΣ - Phi Beta Sigma, 1979 (NPHC, formerly NIC)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΛΥΛ - Lambda Upsilon Lambda, 1982 (NALFO)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΔΨ - Pi Delta Psi, 1998 (NAPA)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΛΦΕ - Lambda Phi Epsilon, 1999 (NAPA, NIC)
• English: MALIK - MALIK (fraternity), 2015

Women's fraternities and sororities

• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΣΘ - Delta Sigma Theta, 1975 (NPHC)|
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΛΠΧ - Lambda Pi Chi, 1988 (NALFO)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΓΡ - Sigma Gamma Rho, 1990 (NPHC)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΛΥ - Sigma Lambda Upsilon, 1993 (NALFO)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αΚΔΦ - alpha Kappa Delta Phi, 1997 (NAPA)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΚΦΛ - Kappa Phi Lambda, 2000 (NAPA)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΖΦΒ - Zeta Phi Beta, 2019 (NPHC)

Chapters whose names changed

• Su Ye She, 1916–1917, Chinese men's group, see Rho Psi
• Club Hispania, 1929–1931, local Hispanic men's group, see Phi Lambda Alpha
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΛΑ - Phi Lambda Alpha, 1931–1931, Hispanic men's group, see Phi Iota Alpha

Dormant chapters

• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΖ - Alpha Zeta, 1890–1894, Hispanic men's group.^[45]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΡΨ - Rho Psi, 1917–1931, Chinese men's group, no longer active at the collegiate level.
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΙΑ - Phi Iota Alpha, 1931–1940? (NALFO, NIC), men's group
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΚΑ - Alpha Kappa Alpha, 1937–1940, 1952–2018 (NPHC), women's group, dormant.
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΩΨΦ - Omega Psi Phi, 1982–2019, (NPHC), men's group, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΛΘΦ - Lambda Theta Phi, 1995-20xx ? (NALFO, NIC), men's group, dormant.
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΩΦΒ - Omega Phi Beta, 1999–20xx ? (NALFO), women's group, dormant.
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΘΧ - Phi Theta Chi, 199x–20xx?, Latina, women's group
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΧΥΣ - Chi Upsilon Sigma, 2003–20xx ? (NALFO), women's group, dormant.
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΛΘΑ - Lambda Theta Alpha, 2004–20xx ? (NALFO), women's group, dormant.
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΙΦΘ - Iota Phi Theta, 2005-–20xx ? (NPHC, NIC), men's group, dormant.

Honor, professional, and service societies

These organizations have a similarly long pedigree on the Cornell campus but are largely non-residential. Members of the social and academic fraternities and sororities may join or be asked to join, as may non-Greek students. Multiple affiliations are allowable. The cut-off line where any campus organization falls within these headings or without is somewhat arbitrary; those formed before 1990 are listed under these subheadings in various volumes of the Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities, which for more than a century has been the data source of record for such organizations. Newer groups have been placed in categories that match Baird's categories. The latest, 1991 version of Bairds was published before the national development of some of the societies here, and therefore, position and inclusion are, in some cases, assumptive.

Honor and recognition societies

Honor societies recognize students who excel academically or as leaders among their peers, often within a specific academic discipline. Many honor societies invite students to become members based on scholastic rank (the top x% of a class) and/or grade point, either overall, or for classes taken within the discipline for which the honor society provides recognition. In cases where academic achievement would not be an appropriate criterion for membership, other standards are usually required for membership (such as completion of a particular ceremony or training program). These societies recognize past achievements. Pledging is not required, and new candidates may be immediately inducted into membership after meeting predetermined academic criteria and paying a one-time membership fee. Because of their purpose of recognition, most honor societies will have much higher academic achievement requirements for membership than professional societies. It is also common for a scholastic honor society to add a criterion relating to the character of the student. Some honor societies are invitation-only while others allow unsolicited applications. Finally, membership in an honor society might be considered exclusive, i.e., a member of such an organization cannot join other honor societies representing the same field. Governance varies from faculty-guided to purely student-run.

Listed by date of local founding with national conference membership, these are co-ed, non-residential, achievement-based organizations that self-select members based on published criteria.

Active chapters

ACHS indicates members of the Association of College Honor Societies.

• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΒΚ - Phi Beta Kappa, 1882, academic honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΞ - Sigma Xi, 1886, graduate science & engineering honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΦ - Phi Delta Phi, 1888, law honors^[46]
• Sphinx Head Society, 1890, local, character, leadership and service
• Der Hexenkreis, 1892, local, character, leadership and service^[47]
• Quill and Dagger, 1893, local, character, leadership and service
• Scabbard and Blade, 1906 (ACHS), military
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΩΑ - Alpha Omega Alpha, 1910, graduate medical honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΤΒΠ - Tau Beta Pi, 1910 (ACHS), engineering honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΗΚΝ - Eta Kappa Nu, 1912, electrical engineering, computer engineering honors
• Order of the Coif, 1914, law school graduates honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΚΟΝ - Kappa Omicron Nu, 1919 (ACHS), humanities honors
• Ye Hosts, 1926, local, hotel administration honors, service^[48]
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΑΞ - Pi Alpha Xi, 1923, horticulture honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΚΔ - Alpha Kappa Delta, 1925 (ACHS), sociology honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΖ - Phi Zeta, 1925, graduate veterinary medicine honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΧΕ - Chi Epsilon, 1925 (ACHS), civil engineering honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΦΑ - Delta Phi Alpha, 1933, German honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΔΦ - Pi Delta Phi, 1936 (ACHS), French honors
• Block and Bridle, 1937, animal livestock honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΕΔ - Alpha Epsilon Delta, 1946 (ACHS), pre-health honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΤΣ - Pi Tau Sigma, 1948 (ACHS), mechanical engineering honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΨΧ - Psi Chi, 1948 (ACHS), psychology honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΜΕ - Pi Mu Epsilon, 1953, mathematics honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΤΣ - Phi Tau Sigma, 1957, food science and technology honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΟΔΕ - Omicron Delta Epsilon, 1961 (ACHS), economics honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΘΤ - Sigma Theta Tau, 1968 (ACHS), nursing honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΔΠ - Sigma Delta Pi, 1975 (ACHS), Spanish and Portuguese honors
• Order of Omega, 1979, Greek society leadership honors^[49]
• Golden Key International Honour Society, 1989, high achievement in academics, leadership & service
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΣΠ - Phi Sigma Pi, 1994, scholastic and leadership honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΩΡ - Omega Rho, 1995 (ACHS), operations research, management science honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΕ - Alpha Epsilon, 1998 (ACHS), agricultural, food, and biological engineering honors
• NSCS - National Society of Collegiate Scholars, 1999 (ACHS), high achievement
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΛΠΗ - Lambda Pi Eta, 2001 (ACHS), communications honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΣΑ - Pi Sigma Alpha. 2003 (ACHS), political science honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΒΓΣ - Beta Gamma Sigma, 2004 (ACHS), business academic honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΑΑ - Pi Alpha Alpha, 2006 (ACHS), public administration honors
• Red Key Society, 2007, local, Athletics and community-building honors
• NRHH - National Residence Hall Honorary, 2007, residence hall leadership honors
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΑΠ - Delta Alpha Pi, 2012, high achievement with disabilities
• Irving Literary Society, 1868–1887, restarted 2014, local, literary honors
• AAS - Arnold Air Society, 19xx ?, Air Force cadet honors

Dormant chapters

ACHS indicates members of the Association of College Honor Societies.Chancery, 1890-1980 ?, senior law honors, dormant.^[50]

• Aleph Samach, 1893–1983+, junior class men's honors, dormant.
• Raven and Serpent, <1896–1983+, junior class women's honors, dormant.^{[51] [52]}
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΣΡ-ΤΚΑ - Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alpha, 1911–1999 ?, forensics honor, dormant?
• Mortar Board, 1918–2021, senior class scholarship, leadership and service honors, (see Der Hexenkreis)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΚΦ - Phi Kappa Phi, 1920–1979, 1983–2013, honors, all disciplines, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΓΕ - Sigma Gamma Epsilon, 1921–1965, earth sciences honors, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΕΔ - National Collegiate Players or Pi Epsilon Delta, 1960–19xx ?, theater honors, national disbanded
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΛΔ - Alpha Lambda Delta, 1961–1986, (ACHS) freshmen honors, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΗΣ - Phi Eta Sigma, 1961–1973, freshman honors, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΠΜ - Alpha Pi Mu, 1968–1972 (ACHS), industrial engineering honors, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΣΑ - Pi Sigma Alpha. 2003–20xx ? (ACHS), political science honors, dormant?

Professional societies

Professional societies work to build friendship bonds among members, cultivate their strengths so that they may promote their profession, and provide mutual assistance in their shared areas of professional study.

Listed by date of local founding with national conference membership, these are primarily co-ed and non-residential organizations, of an array of professional interests. Membership in a professional fraternity may be the result of a pledge process, much like a social fraternity, and members are expected to remain loyal and active in the organization for life. Within the group of societies dedicated to a professional field of study, for example, law societies, membership is exclusive; however, these societies may initiate members who belong to other types of fraternities. Professional Societies are known for networking and post-collegiate involvement. Governance varies from faculty-managed to purely student-run.

Active chapters

PFA indicates members of the Professional Fraternity Association

• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΓΑ - Gamma Alpha, 1899 biological science graduate students (co-op)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΕ - Phi Delta Epsilon, 1904 (PFA), medical
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΨ - Alpha Psi, 1907, veterinary medicine, (residential)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΩΤΣ - Omega Tau Sigma, 1911 (PFA), veterinary (residential)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΧΣ - Alpha Chi Sigma, 1913 (PFA), chemistry (residential)
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΔΕ - Sigma Delta Epsilon or GWIS, 1921, graduate women in science
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΑΔ - Phi Alpha Delta, 1925 (PFA), pre-law
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΣΠ - Phi Sigma Pi, 1994 (PFA), leadership and scholarship
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΚΨ - Alpha Kappa Psi, 1998 (PFA), business
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΑ - Sigma Alpha, 2002 (PFA), women's, agriculture
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΣΠ - Delta Sigma Pi, 2004 (PFA), business
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΓΝ - Phi Gamma Nu, 2008 (PFA), business
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΛΣ - Pi Lambda Sigma, 2017, government
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΠΣΕ - Pi Sigma Epsilon, 2011 (PFA), sales and marketing
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΚΑΠ - Kappa Alpha Pi, 2011, pre-law
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΘΤ - Theta Tau, 2012 (PFA), engineering
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΧΘ - Phi Chi Theta, 2017 (PFA), business
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΒΛ - Phi Beta Lambda-FBLA, 19xx ?, business

Dormant chapters

PFA indicates members of the Professional Fraternity Association

• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΝΣΝ - Nu Sigma Nu, 1900–19xx ?. medical professional, national disbanded
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΚΚ - Alpha Kappa Kappa, 1901–1941, medical professional, national disbanded
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΕΙ - Alpha Epsilon Iota, 1901–1913, medical professional, national disbanded
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΔΘΦ - Delta Theta Phi, 1903–1953 (PFA), law, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΓΗΓ - Gamma Eta Gamma, 1909–1918, law, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΣΔΧ - Sigma Delta Chi, 1920–1959, [now SPJ] journalism, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΧ - Phi Chi, 1921–1956, medical, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΚΒΠ - Kappa Beta Pi, 1921–1939 (PFA), was women's legal, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΛΚ - Phi Lambda Kappa, 1928–1947?, medical, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΚΔΕ - Kappa Delta Epsilon, 1933–1960 (PFA), education, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΚΦΚ - Kappa Phi Kappa, 1934–1956, education, dormant
• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΓ - Phi Delta Gamma, 1940–1953, women graduate students, dormant

Service societies

Service societies are listed with dates of local founding and national conference membership, if any; these are non-residential, co-ed organizations designed to provide campus and community service. These organizations are self-governed.

• Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΦΩ - Alpha Phi Omega, 1927 (PFA), service
• Greeks Go Green, 20xx ?, local, environmentalism

Building and property ownership

Cornell University Residence Plan of 1966

During AY 1948-1949, Cornell University President Edmund Ezra Day formally distanced the University leadership from the increased discrimination that he observed at Cornell since 1910. His speech at the time marked the beginning of an effort to end such unlawful practices, a goal to which the University remains committed. Following hearings into discrimination within Cornell's system of private fraternities and sororities, fifteen fraternities liquidated private holdings and entered into the Cornell University Residence Plan of 1966, or CURP'66, an agreement which required all signatories to refrain from unlawful discrimination.^[53] The majority of CURP ’66 houses are on the Cornell West Campus. The Plan created a system of 'living and learning' in Small Residence.

Each Group House was to be maintained by a Priority Group electing its Group Sponsor. Phi Kappa Psi, for instance, sponsored Group House No. IV d/b/a/ The Irving Literary Society, and developed its parcel on Cornell's West Campus. Cornell desired an academic atmosphere in student residence “units” providing appropriate facilities for intellectual and cultural activities and by encouraging student participation in these pursuits.^[54] CURP ’66 was not simply the creation of University-owned fraternities and sororities, but a plan to provide a supplement to the University-maintained dormitory complex, the existing Cornell Greek System, off-campus apartments, and rooming houses. The vision was to organize “Small Residences” together, regardless of their national or local orientation as fraternities or cooperatives.^[54] The University program provided for no discrimination based on race, creed, color, or national origin. The issue of gender was addressed in the equal promotion of female, male, and gender-neutral Group Houses.^[55] In 1997, Cornell's president, Hunter Rawlings, reaffirmed the Board of Trustees' commitment to the Cornell University Residence Plan of 1966.

The current CURP ’66 was created from an existing University leasing system dating to the 1881 decision by Andrew Dickson White to favor fraternities over dormitories. White thought fraternities “’[would] arouse in the students a feeling of responsibility both for the care of the property and for the reputation of the house . . . [and] fastens upon [students’] duties and responsibilities similar to those of men in the active world was among the better solutions of the problems [of] . . . students in American universities.’”^[56] White’s vision, in turn, developed from the professional analysis of American architect and planner, Frederick Law Olmsted, who saw the erection of residential clubhouses on Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act as a reform over the barracks-like dormitories used by existing American universities and colleges. Like White, Olmsted felt clubhouses maintained by the students would form part of the educational experience. They were to be modeled on the typical rural household of the era, small country villas thought to avoid the negative aspects of the Industrial Revolution.

CURP signatories

• Group House No. I, possessed by Delta Kappa Epsilon, signatory since 1960, 13 South Avenue (in residence);
• Group House No. II, possessed by Delta Tau Delta, signatory since June 8, 1960, 104 Mary Anne Wood Drive (in residence);
• Group House No. III, Chi Phi ("Craigielea"), signatory since November 15, 1960, 107 Edgemoor Lane (in residence);
• Group House No. IV, "Ivy," possessed by Phi Kappa Psi ("The Gables"), signatory since November 30, 1959, 525 Stewart Avenue, service deliveries to 120 Mary Anne Wood Drive; Phi Psi is also the successor organization to the Irving Literary Society. First, to sign in to the revised Group Housing Plan in 1959, it was fourth in accession due to negotiations over the sale of its property at 312 Thurston Avenue, the former Wyckoff Mansion (in litigation);
• Group House No. V, possessed by Sigma Phi Epsilon, signatory since 1962, 109 McGraw Place (in residence);
• Group House No. VI, possessed by Delta Upsilon, signatory since 1962, 6 South Avenue (in residence);
• Group House No. VII, occupied by Phi Sigma Sigma, and formerly possessed by Kappa Alpha, which was a signatory in 1991 (signing was delayed for three decades, for reasons unknown), 14 South Avenue;
• Group House No. VIII, possessed by Zeta Psi, signatory since 1963, 534 Thurston Avenue (in residence);
• Group House No. IX (demolished 2020), formerly possessed by Chi Omega, signatory since 1963, 10 Sisson Place,; later occupied by Sigma Alpha Mu^[57]
• Group House X, occupied by University Residence Life, 201 Thurston Avenue, and formerly possessed by Lambda Upsilon Lambda, signatory since 1965 when the CURP program was closed out in favor of a return to individual leasing.

Chapters with university-owned facilities under other agreements

The Cornell University Residence Plan of 1966 was based on agreements with other institutions, dating from 1933 to 1952, and after 1965:

• Kappa Alpha Theta, 519 Stewart Ave
• Psi Upsilon, 2 Forest Park Ln
• Sigma Phi, 1 Forest Park Ln
• Kappa Sigma, 600 University Avenue
• Phi Gamma Delta ("The Oaks"), 118 McGraw Pl
• Sigma Alpha Mu, 14 South Ave
• Sigma Phi Epsilon, 109 McGraw Pl

The university-owned property at 722 University Avenue was also leased to several Greek-letter groups, including Pi Kappa Phi, Alpha Gamma Delta, Alpha Chi Rho, Alpha Epsilon Phi, and finally Lambda Upsilon Lambda, which vacated in 2006. The house was demolished in 2017.

Chapters with privately owned facilities

Many fraternities and sororities have remained outside the ambit of University ownership., these chapters include the following:

• Acacia (“Northcote”), 318 Highland Rd
• Alpha Chi Omega, 210 Thurston Ave
• Alpha Delta Phi, 777 Stewart Ave
• Alpha Epsilon Phi, 435 Wyckoff Rd
• Alpha Epsilon Pi (“Thurston Manor”), 140 Thurston Ave
• Alpha Gamma Rho, 203 Highland Ave
• Alpha Phi, 411 Thurston Ave
• Alpha Sigma Phi (“Rockledge”), 804 Stewart Ave
• Alpha Tau Omega, 625 University Ave
• Alpha Xi Delta, 40 Ridgewood Rd
• Alpha Zeta, 214 Thurston Ave
• Beta Theta Pi (“Castle on the Rock”), 100 Ridgewood Rd
• Chi Psi, 810 University Ave
• Delta Chi (“The Knoll”), 102 The Knoll
• Delta Delta Delta, 118 Triphammer Rd
• Delta Gamma, 117 Triphammer Rd
• Delta Phi (“Llenroc”), 100 Cornell Ave
• Kappa Alpha Theta, 519 Stewart Ave
• Kappa Delta, 109 Triphammer Rd
• Kappa Delta Rho, 312 Highland Rd
• Kappa Kappa Gamma, 508 Thurston Ave
• Lambda Chi Alpha (“Edgemoor”), 125 Edgemoor Ln
• Phi Delta Theta, 2 Ridgewood Rd
• Phi Kappa Tau, 106 The Knoll
• Phi Mu, 509 Wyckoff Rd
• Phi Sigma Kappa, 702 University Ave
• Pi Beta Phi, 330 Triphammer Rd
• Pi Kappa Alpha, 17 South Ave
• Seal and Serpent, 305 Thurston Ave
• Sigma Chi (“Greystone”), 106 Cayuga Heights Rd
• Sigma Delta Tau, 115 Ridgewood Rd
• Sigma Nu, 230 Willard Wy
• Sigma Pi, 730 University Ave
• Tau Kappa Epsilon (“Westbourne Manor”), 105 Westbourne Ln
• Theta Delta Chi, 800 University Ave
• Zeta Beta Tau, 1 Edgecliff Pl

External links

• Links to informational pages about all of the fraternities & sororities at Cornell
• Fraternity & Sorority Life at Cornell University.
• Map of Fraternities and Sororities of Cornell

Notes and References

1. Web site: Organization Scorecard. Cornell University Student and Campus Life. February 29, 2024.
2. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hn4g71&view=1up&seq=101 Baird's 5th ed., p.81
3. Web site: Four Greek chapters sanctioned; two others closed . mdy-all . 2023-04-26 . Cornell Chronicle . en.
4. Web site: Sun . The Cornell Daily . May 2, 2014 . Cornell Revokes Recognition of Chi Psi Fraternity . mdy-all . 2023-04-26 . The Cornell Daily Sun . en-US.
5. http://deltachi.org/delta-chi-history/ Delta Chi History
6. Web site: February 9, 2022 . Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity Returns to Cornell a Decade after Hazing Death . The Cornell Daily Sun . en-US . mdy-all . 2023-04-26.
7. Web site: 2018-05-04 . Sigma Nu Recognition Revoked for 3 Years Following Hazing Incidents . mdy-all . 2023-04-26 . The Cornell Daily Sun . en-US.
8. Web site: 2021-06-09 . Sorority & Fraternity Life Student & Campus Life Cornell University . mdy-all . 2023-04-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210609074244/https://scl.cornell.edu/get-involved/sorority-fraternity-life . June 9, 2021 .
9. Web site: Frequently Asked Questions. Seal and Serpent Society. June 4, 2023.
10. Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) [1879]. Baird's Manual of American Fraternities (20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. pp. II–45, 46. .
11. Web site: 2021-2022 Academic Year Hazing at Cornell . mdy-all . 2023-05-03 . hazing.cornell.edu.
12. William Raimond Baird; Carroll Lurding (eds.). "Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities (Baird's Manual Online Archive)". Student Life and Culture Archives. University of Illinois: University of Illinois Archives. Retrieved May 10, 2021. The main archive URL is The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage.
13. Web site: William Raimond Baird . Carroll Lurding . Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities (Baird's Manual Online Archive) . Student Life and Culture Archives . University of Illinois Archives . May 10, 2021 . University of Illinois . English. The main archive URL is The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage.
14. http://www.cornellpikes.org/chapter-history/ Cornell Pike history
15. Baird's Manual, 8th ed.
16. Book: Dunn, Sidney N.. Alpha Epsilon Pi: Commitment for a lifetime. Alpha Epsilon Pi Fraternity, Inc.. 2003. Indianapolis, Indiana.
17. https://ithacating.com/category/uncategorized/page/4/ Ithacating blog
18. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924055195279&view=1up&seq=297 The 1933 Cornellian Yearbook lists Beta Psi
19. Web site: The Kappa Alpha Society - Chapter Listing.
20. Web site: Cornell bans Phi Kappa Psi fraternity one year after Antonio Tsialas' death.
21. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924050411549&view=1up&seq=156 The 1889/90 Cornellian yearbook
22. https://ccengagement.cornell.edu/sites/dos.cornell.edu/files/frat-sor/documents/2009-2010FratSororityAR.pdf According to the 2009-2010 OFSL Annual Report
23. Book: Jack L. . Anson . Robert F. . Marchenasi . Baird's Manual of American Fraternities . 20th . 1991 . 1879 . Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. . Indianapolis, IN . II–45, 46. 978-0-9637159-0-6.
24. The Fraternity and the Larger Club . Cornell Alumni News . 15 . 51 . May 11, 2021.
25. http://aepibeta.org/node/183 rules violations
26. https://cornellsun.com/2019/07/26/cornell-withdraws-sigma-phi-epsilon-fraternitys-recognition-after-hazing-investigation/ Sigma Phi Epsilon suspended for four years
27. http://cornellsun.com/blog/2012/01/19/tke-will-lose-recognition-after-reported-hospitalization/ Cornell Sun: TKE Will Lose Recognition After Reported Hospitalization
28. Web site: Cornell Interfraternity Council . www.cornellifc.org . January 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200211192931/https://www.cornellifc.org/ . February 11, 2020 . dead.
29. Web site: Current Chapters.
30. http://www.cornellifc.org/single-post/2017/05/15/First-Muslim-Interest-Fraternity-Alpha-Lambda-Mu-Joins-Cornell-IFC Cornell IFC website
31. Web site: Iota . 2023-11-01 . cornell.kappaalphatheta.org.
32. Web site: Gamma . Cornell University chapter of Kappa Kappa . Kappa Kappa Gamma Cornell University . 2023-11-01 . cornell.kappa.org.
33. Web site: Delta Gamma . 2023-11-01 . Cornell Panhellenic . en-US.
34. Web site: Alpha Phi . 2023-11-01 . Alpha Phi . en-US.
35. Web site: ABOUT PI BETA PHI . 2023-11-01 . cornell.pibetaphi.org.
36. Web site: Delta . Cornell University chapter of Tri . Tri Delta Cornell University . 2023-11-01 . cornell.tridelta.org.
37. Web site: Kappa Delta - Omega Chi . 2023-11-01 . cornell.kappadelta.org.
38. Web site: Sigma Delta Tau . 2023-11-01 . Cornell Panhellenic . en-US.
39. Web site: Delta . Cornell University chapter of Alpha Xi . Alpha Xi Delta Cornell University . 2023-11-01 . cornell.alphaxidelta.org.
40. Web site: HOME . 2023-11-01 . aephicornell . en.
41. Web site: home . 2023-11-01 . Cornell AXO . en.
42. 1920 . The Cornellian (1920) . Carnelian . Cornell University . 460 . October 29, 2021.
43. News: SFL Life News and Announcements . June 9, 2021 . Sorority and Fraternity Life. https://web.archive.org/web/20210609074244/https://scl.cornell.edu/get-involved/sorority-fraternity-life . June 9, 2021 .
44. Listed on the Cornell website Multicultural Greek & Fraternal Council portal, accessed September 29, 2021.
45. Fajardo, Oliver. an article in "the Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, accessed January 17, 2017.
46. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924050411549&view=1up&seq=144 The 1889/90 Cornellian notes ΦΔΦ's Conkling Inn (chapter)
47. https://derhexenkreis.wordpress.com/history/ Der Hexenkreis website for further information
48. Profiled by the SC Johnson College of Business on, accessed May 11, 2021.
49. http://www.orderofomega.org/chapter-life/chapter-directory.html Order of Omega's chapter list
50. https://www.ithaca.com/news/secret-societies-a-primer-on-the-elite-groups-at-cornell-university/article_f7452d52-883b-11e7-bbce-d754b67af426.html Ithaca.com roundup of several similar societies
51. News: Robert Geise . Cornell Chapter News . Delta Tau Delta Archive . Delta Tau Delta Fraternity . October 21, 2021 . 28 . Magazine PDF . Winter 1983 . ((Vol 107, #2)).
52. Web site: Ithaca High School (Ithaca, N.Y.) . 25 Yearbook of the Ithaca High School, 1876- 1900 . October 21, 2021 . Ithaca - Tompkins County Public Library . 51 . Book PDF . 1900.
53. http://www.phikappapsi-cornell.org/141-pkpcor/files/1966_0416_CURP_66_Final_w_Appx.pdf Cornell University Residence Plan of 1966 (Schedule I)
54. C.U.R.P. ’66 at 1 (Policy Statement).
55. Compare C.U.R.P. ’66, Sections 5, 6 and 10.
56. citing Annual Report (June 20, 1883).
57. http://sammybeta.net/?page_id=7