List of Confucian states and dynasties explained

This is a list of historical and contemporary states and dynasties where Confucianism (including its various sects) was/is the state ideology or exerted/exerts significant politico-cultural influence. Its status could have been shared with other ideologies and/or religions such as Taoism, Buddhism or the Chinese folk religion at some point in time.

Confucianism developed during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Confucianism was first adopted as state ideology by the Emperor Wu of Han upon the advice of the statesman Gongsun Hong.^{[1] [2] [3]} Confucianism was later promulgated throughout the Sinosphere.^{[4] [5]}

List of historical Confucian regimes

Note that the dates stated are the corresponding dates for the states/dynasties, not the dates reflecting the adoption of Confucianism as state religion or its widespread influence. Entries are sorted alphabetically.

• Asuka Japan (AD 538–710)^[6]
• Azuchi–Momoyama Japan (AD 1568–1600)
• Baekje (18 BC–AD 660)^[7]
• Balhae (AD 698–926)^[8]
• Cao Wei (AD 220–266)^[9]
• Chen dynasty (AD 557–589)
• Đinh dynasty (AD 968–980)
• Eastern Han (Han dynasty) (AD 25–220)^[10]
• Eastern Jin (Jin dynasty) (AD 317–420)
• Early Lê dynasty (AD 980–1009)
• Early Lý dynasty (AD 544–602)
• Eastern Wu (AD 222–280)
• Eastern Zhou (Zhou dynasty) (770–256 BC)
• Goguryeo (37 BC–AD 668)^[7]
• Goryeo dynasty (AD 918–1392)
• Heian Japan (AD 794–1185)^[11]
• Hồ dynasty (AD 1400–1407)^[12]
• Jin dynasty (AD 1115–1234)^[13]
• Joseon dynasty (AD 1392–1897)^{[14] [15]}
• Kamakura Japan (AD 1185–1333)^[11]
• Korean Empire (AD 1897–1910)
• Later Baekje (AD 892–936)
• Later Han (AD 947–951)
• Later Jin (AD 936–947)
• Later Jin (AD 1616–1636)^[16]
• Later Trần dynasty (1407–1413)
• Later Zhou (AD 951–960)
• Liang dynasty (AD 502–557)
• Liao dynasty (AD 916–1125)
• Liu Song (AD 420–479)^[17]
• Lý dynasty (AD 1009–1225)
• Mạc dynasty (AD 1527–1677)
• Ming dynasty (AD 1368–1644)^[18]
• Muromachi Japan (AD 1336–1573)^[11]
• Nara Japan (AD 710–794)^{[11] [19]}
• Ngô dynasty (AD 939–965)
• Nguyễn dynasty (AD 1802–1945)^[20]
• Nguyễn lords (AD 1558–1777)
• Northern Han (AD 951–979)
• Northern Qi (AD 550–577)^[21]
• Northern Song (Song dynasty) (AD 960–1127)
• North Vietnam (AD 1945–1976)^[22]
• Northern Wei (AD 386–535)^[23]
• Northern Yuan (AD 1368–1635)^[24]
• Northern Zhou (AD 557–581)^[25]
• Primitive Lê dynasty (Later Lê dynasty) (AD 1428–1527)
• Qing dynasty (AD 1636–1912)
• Revival Lê dynasty (Later Lê dynasty) (AD 1533–1789)
• Ryukyu Kingdom (AD 1429–1879)
• Shu Han (AD 221–263)
• Silla (57 BC–AD 935)^[26]
• Southern Ming (AD 1644–1662)
• Southern Qi (AD 479–502)
• Southern Song (Song dynasty) (AD 1127–1279)
• South Vietnam (AD 1955–1975)^[22]
• Sui dynasty (AD 581–619)
• Taebong (AD 901–918)
• Tang dynasty (AD 618–690, AD 705–907)
• Tây Sơn dynasty (AD 1778–1802)
• Tokugawa shogunate (AD 1790–1868)^[27]
• Trần dynasty (AD 1225–1400)
• Trịnh lords (AD 1545–1787)
• Western Han (Han dynasty) (202 BC–AD 9)
• Western Jin (Jin dynasty) (AD 266–316)
• Western Liao (AD 1124–1218)^[28]
• Western Xia (AD 1038–1227)
• Wu Zhou (AD 690–705)
• Xin dynasty (AD 9–23)^[29]
• Yuan dynasty (AD 1271–1368)^[30]

List of contemporary states with Confucian influence

Entries are sorted alphabetically.

• China, People's Republic of^[31]
• China, Republic of^[32]
• Japan^[33]
• Korea, Democratic People's Republic of^{[34] [35]}
• Korea, Republic of^[36]
• Mongolia^[37]
• Republic of Singapore^[38]
• Socialist Republic of Vietnam^[39]

See also

• Chinese culture
• Chinese influence on Korean culture
• Chinese influence on Japanese culture
• Confucianism
• Confucius
• Current Texts Confucianism
• Duke Yansheng
• Dynasties of China
• Korean Confucianism
• Edo neo-Confucianism
• Little China (ideology)
• Neo-Confucianism
• New Confucianism
• Sinosphere
• Taigu school

External links

• https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/confucianism-korea

Notes and References

1. Book: Zhao. Dingxin. The Confucian-legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History. 2015. 280. Oxford University Press . 9780199351732.
2. Book: Ni. Peimin. Confucius: The Man and the Way of Gongfu. 2016. 15. Rowman & Littlefield . 9781442257436.
3. Book: Scheidel. Walter. State Power in Ancient China and Rome. 2014. 77. Oxford University Press . 9780190202255.
4. Book: Phillips. Andrew. War, Religion and Empire: The Transformation of International Orders. 2010. 154. Cambridge University Press . 9781139494014.
5. Book: Fang. Weigui. Modern Notions of Civilization and Culture in China. 2019. 27. Springer . 9789811335587.
6. Book: De Cremer. David. On the Emergence and Understanding of Asian Global Leadership. 2021. 12. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG . 9783110671988.
7. Book: Facts about Korea. 2010. 198. 길잡이미디어. 9788973751013.
8. Book: Shin. Hyong Sik. A Brief History of Korea. 2005. 198. Ewha Womans University Press . 9788973006199.
9. Book: Lou. Yulie. Buddhism. 2015. 154. BRILL . 9789047427971.
10. Book: Renard. John. 101 Questions and Answers on Confucianism, Daoism, and Shinto. 2002. 41. 9780809140916.
11. Book: Cua. Antonio. Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy. 2013. 98. 9781135367480.
12. Web site: 儒学在越南. 9 November 2020.
13. Web site: 辽、夏、金为何都奉儒家思想为正统治国理念？. 9 November 2020.
14. Baker, Don. Korean Spirituality (University of Hawai’i Press, 2008). p 53
15. Koh, Byong-ik. "Confucianism in Contemporary Korea," In Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity, edited by Tu Wei-ming, (Harvard University Press, 1996) p 193
16. Web site: 从明末三方争霸看儒家的本质. 9 November 2020.
17. Web site: 壁觀南朝：南朝王朝短命、皇帝荒淫的根本原因還是在於教育的失敗. 9 November 2020.
18. Web site: Neo-Confucianism in the Ming dynasty. 9 November 2020.
19. Book: Friday. Karl. Routledge Handbook of Premodern Japanese History. 2017. 233. 9781351692021.
20. Web site: 儒家思想对越南的影响. 9 November 2020.
21. Web site: 北齐皇室对中国法律儒家化的贡献. 9 November 2020.
22. Book: Van. Nguyen Duong. The Tragedy of the Vietnam War: A South Vietnamese Officer's Analysis. 2014. 82. 9780786483389.
23. Web site: 儒家经典：北魏孝文帝思想的理论源泉. 9 November 2020.
24. 中国哲学. 2005. 76.
25. Web site: 北周建德盛世：宇文氏43年卧薪尝胆统一北方，开启隋唐300年盛世. 9 November 2020.
26. Book: Chung. Edward. The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi T'oegye and Yi Yulgok: A Reappraisal of the 'Four-Seven Thesis' and its Practical Implications for Self-Cultivation. 1995. 1. 9780791422755.
27. Web site: What is Neo Confucianism that Adopted by the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan?. 9 November 2020.
28. Web site: 悍将负气西走，仅带走两百兵力，却大败三十国联军，建一世界强国. 22 October 2018. 9 November 2020.
29. Book: Qiu. Ye. Chen. Shuyu. 觀光資源概要. 2019. 68. 9789864876952.
30. Web site: 元朝——短命的"儒家历史". 9 November 2020.
31. Book: Fan. Ruiping. The Renaissance of Confucianism in Contemporary China. 2011. 9789400715424.
32. Web site: Analysis of Elements in Modern Taiwanese Society that Preserve Traditional Confucian Values. 21 December 2020.
33. McMullen. James. 1980. How Confucian is Modern Japan?. Asian Affairs. 11. 3. 276–283. 10.1080/03068378008729995. 21 December 2020.
34. Jin. Woong Kang. 2011. Political Uses of Confucianism in North Korea. The Journal of Korean Studies. 16. 1. 63–87. 10.1353/jks.2011.0000. 41490270. 145615484. 21 December 2020.
35. News: Beauchamp. Zack. 18 June 2018. Juche, the state ideology that makes North Koreans revere Kim Jong Un, explained. 21 December 2020.
36. Sleziak. Tomasz. 2013. The Role of Confucianism in Contemporary South Korean Society. Educational Theory. 66. 21 December 2020.
37. Huang. Min-Hua. Chang. Shu-Hsien. 2017. Similarities and Differences in East Asian Confucian Culture: A Comparative Analysis. OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society. 7. 2. 3. 10.15685/omnes.2017.01.7.2.1. 28 April 2022.
38. Tan. Charlene. 2012. 'Our shared values' in Singapore: A Confucian perspective. Educational Theory. 62. 4. 449–463. 10.1111/j.1741-5446.2012.00456.x. 21 December 2020.
39. Bui. Ngoc Son. 2013. The Confucian Foundations of Hồ Chí Minh's Vision of Government. Journal of Oriental Studies. 46. 1. 43498666. 21 December 2020.