List of Commelinales of South Africa explained

The Commelinales are an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70 genera; the majority of species are in the Commelinaceae. Plants in the order share a number of synapomorphies that tie them together, such as a lack of mycorrhizal associations and tapetal raphides. Estimates differ as to when the Comminales evolved, but most suggest an origin and diversification sometime during the mid- to late Cretaceous. The order's closest relatives are in the Zingiberales.^[1] The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened. Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).

Three families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Commelinaceae

Family: Commelinaceae,

Aneilema

Genus Aneilema:

• Aneilema aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) Loudon, indigenous
• Aneilema arenicola Faden, indigenous
• Aneilema brunneospermum Faden, indigenous
• Aneilema dregeanum Kunth, indigenous
  • Aneilema dregeanum Kunth subsp. dregeanum, indigenous
• Aneilema hockii De Wild. indigenous
  • Aneilema hockii De Wild. subsp. hockii, indigenous
  • Aneilema hockii De Wild. subsp. longiaxis Faden, indigenous
• Aneilema indehiscens Faden, indigenous
  • Aneilema indehiscens Faden subsp. lilacinum Faden, indigenous
• Aneilema longirrhizum Faden, endemic
• Aneilema nicholsonii C.B.Clarke, indigenous
• Aneilema zebrinum Chiov. indigenous

Callisia

Genus Callisia:

• Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
• Callisia repens (Jacq.) L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Coleotrype

Genus Coleotrype:

• Coleotrype natalensis C.B.Clarke, indigenous
• Commelina africana L. indigenous
  • Commelina africana L. var. africana, indigenous
  • Commelina africana L. var. barberae (C.B.Clarke) C.B.Clarke, indigenous
  • Commelina africana L. var. krebsiana (Kunth) C.B.Clarke, indigenous
  • Commelina africana L. var. lancispatha C.B.Clarke, indigenous
• Commelina bella Oberm. endemic
• Commelina benghalensis L. indigenous
• Commelina diffusa Burm.f. indigenous
  • Commelina diffusa Burm.f. subsp. diffusa, indigenous
  • Commelina diffusa Burm.f. subsp. scandens (Welw. ex C.B.Clarke) Oberm. indigenous
• Commelina eckloniana Kunth, indigenous
• Commelina erecta L. indigenous
• Commelina forskaolii Vahl, indigenous
• Commelina imberbis Ehrenb. ex Hassk. indigenous
• Commelina krebsiana Kunth, accepted as Commelina africana L. var. krebsiana (Kunth) C.B.Clarke, indigenous
• Commelina livingstonii C.B.Clarke, indigenous
• Commelina modesta Oberm. indigenous
• Commelina petersii Hassk. indigenous
• Commelina rogersii Burtt Davy, endemic
• Commelina subulata Roth, indigenous
• Commelina zambesica C.B.Clarke, indigenous

Cyanotis

Genus Cyanotis:

• Cyanotis lanata Benth. indigenous
• Cyanotis lapidosa E.Phillips, indigenous
• Cyanotis pachyrrhiza Oberm. endemic
• Cyanotis robusta Oberm. endemic
• Cyanotis speciosa (L.f.) Hassk. indigenous

Floscopa

Genus Floscopa:

• Floscopa glomerata (Willd. ex Schult. & J.H.Schult.) Hassk. indigenous

Murdannia

Genus Murdannia:

• Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan, indigenous

Tradescantia

Genus Tradescantia:

• Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
• Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
• Tradescantia zebrina Bosse, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Zebrina

Genus Zebrina:

• Zebrina pendula Schnizl. accepted as Tradescantia zebrina Bosse, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Haemodoraceae

Family: Haemodoraceae,

Anigozanthos

Genus Anigozanthos:

• Anigozanthos flavidus DC. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Barberetta

Genus Barberetta:

• Barberetta aurea Harv. endemic

Dilatris

Genus Dilatris:

• Dilatris corymbosa P.J.Bergius, endemic
• Dilatris ixioides Lam. endemic
• Dilatris paniculata L.f. accepted as Dilatris viscosa L.f. present
• Dilatris pillansii W.F.Barker, endemic
• Dilatris viscosa L.f. endemic

Wachendorfia

Genus Wachendorfia:

• Wachendorfia brachyandra W.F.Barker, endemic
• Wachendorfia graminifolia L.f. accepted as Wachendorfia paniculata Burm. present
• Wachendorfia multiflora (Klatt) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
• Wachendorfia paniculata Burm. endemic
• Wachendorfia parviflora W.F.Barker, accepted as Wachendorfia multiflora (Klatt) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, present
• Wachendorfia thyrsiflora Burm. endemic

Pontederiaceae

Family: Pontederiaceae,

Eichhornia

Genus Eichhornia:

• Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Heteranthera

Genus Heteranthera:

• Heteranthera callifolia Rchb. ex Kunth, indigenous

Monochoria

Genus Monochoria:

• Monochoria africana (Solms) N.E.Br. indigenous

Pontederia

Genus Pontederia:

• Pontederia cordata L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Pontederia cordata L. var. ovalis Solms, not indigenous, naturalised

Notes and References

1. Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, November 2011.