List of Columbia Law School alumni explained

This is a partial list of individuals who have attended Columbia Law School. For a list of individuals who have attended or taught at Columbia University, see the list of Columbia University people.

Government

United States government

Executive branch

Presidents
Cabinet members and cabinet-level officers
Directors of Central Intelligence
White House Counsel
Presidential advisors
Commissioners and agency heads, subcabinet members
Solicitors general

Judicial branch

Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
U.S. District Court
Other federal courts

Legislative branch

Senators
Representatives
Other Legislative Branch Officials

United States diplomats

Military

Miscellaneous United States government

State government

Governors
State Attorneys General
State judges, politicians and others

City and county government

Non-U.S. government

Prominent political figures

Prominent judicial figures

Academia

University presidents

Legal academia

Arts and letters

Performing arts

Business and philanthropy

Journalism

Private legal practice

Religion

Activism

Athletics

Notes

¹ Studied law at Columbia University prior to the founding of the Law School.

² Failed to complete the law degree.

³ Received the LL.D.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Columbia Law School: Presidents Roosevelt Receive Posthumous J.D.s . Law.columbia.edu . October 9, 2008 . June 13, 2011 . July 5, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160705151229/https://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2008/october2008/roosevelts_jds . dead .
  2. Book: Edward S. Mihalkanin, Edward S.. American Statesmen: Secretaries of State from John Jay to Colin Powell. Greenwood Publishing Group. 141. 9780313308284. 2004.
  3. Web site: Tony Blinken. 2014, Columbia Law School.. April 30, 2014. May 2, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140502003708/http://www.law.columbia.edu/magazine/18103/law-school-alumni-earn-presidential-appointments. dead.
  4. Book: HENRY, JAMES S.. OFFICIAL CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY FOR THE USE OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS. 1911. 259. 1911.
  5. Book: Catalogue of the Alpha Delta Phi Society. Executive Council of the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity, 1899. 474. 1899.
  6. Web site: Eric Holder. February 21, 2013. 2014 Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.. April 29, 2014.
  7. Web site: Charles Evans Hughes. 2014 Cornell University. April 29, 2014.
  8. Web site: John Jay. 2002 Columbia University. April 29, 2014.
  9. Web site: Jeh Johnson. Department of Homeland Security. April 29, 2014.
  10. Book: The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as Illustrated in the Lives of the Founders, Builders, and Defenders of the Republic, and of the Men and Women who are Doing the Work and Moulding the Thought of the Present Time. J. T. White Company, 1910. 409–410. Franklin MacVeagh columbia law school.. 1910.
  11. Book: Newman, Roger K.. The Yale Biographical Dictionary of American Law. Yale University Press, 2009. 374. registration. Joseph McKenna columbia law school.. 978-0300113006. 2009.
  12. Book: Watson, Thurber, Woolley, Thomas, Magrath, Archibald Robinson, Raymond Dunham, George Ingalls, Hiram, Joseph Walker. Bench and Bar, Volume 38. The Bench and Bar Co., 1916. 103. 1916.
  13. Book: United States. Congress, Michael, W. H.. Official Congressional Directory, Volume 60. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1909. 263. 1907.
  14. Web site: Russell E. Train. United States Environmental Protection Agency. April 29, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140222143749/http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa/biography-russell-e-train. February 22, 2014. mdy-all.
  15. Web site: Frank Blake. 2003–2013 Homer TLC, Inc.. April 29, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140429225750/https://corporate.homedepot.com/OurCompany/Leadership/Pages/CEO.aspx. April 29, 2014. mdy-all.
  16. Web site: J. Reuben Clark. Lewis and Clark Law School. April 29, 2014.
  17. Web site: Eric Hargan. 2014 Greenberg Traurig, LLP. April 29, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140429235607/http://www.gtlaw.com/People/Eric-D-Hargan. April 29, 2014. mdy-all.
  18. Web site: Harold M. Ickes. Meyer, Suozzi, English and Klein P.C.. April 29, 2014. April 29, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140429232935/http://www.msek.com/profiles/government-attorneys-lobbyists-washington-dc/harold-ickes.php. dead.
  19. Web site: George Lockhart Rives. The New York Times. April 29, 2014.
  20. Web site: John J. Sullivan. United States of America Department of Commerce. April 29, 2014.
  21. Web site: Biographical Directory of Federal Judges Tyler, Harold R. Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. April 30, 2014.
  22. Encyclopedia: J. Mayhew Wainwright. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. April 29, 2014.
  23. Web site: Lawrence Edward Walsh. Federal Judicial Center. April 29, 2014.
  24. Web site: William Joseph Donovan. 2004 Columbia University. April 29, 2014.
  25. Jesse Eisinger (May 4, 2014), "Why Only One Top Banker Went to Jail for the Financial Crisis", The New York Times Magazine: "["Rodge"] Cohen told Breuеr that while the Justice Department can't have a rule not to indict a large bank, prosecutors should, well, take into account how the target has cooperated and what changes it has made to fix the problems. Of course, HSBC happened to have taken those very measures. The Justice Department blinked again. . . . No one went to jail."
  26. News: Charles Ruff. The New York Times. November 21, 2000. April 29, 2014. Lewis. Neil A..
  27. Web site: Donald B. Verrilli, Jr.. The United States Department of Justice. April 29, 2014. May 6, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140506011827/http://www.justice.gov/osg/meet-osg.html. dead.
  28. Web site: Obama Announces Key Additions to the Office of the White House Counsel | The White House . January 28, 2009 . June 13, 2011 . . . mdy-all .
  29. Web site: Columbia Law School: Professor Trevor Morrison '98 Appointed Associate Counsel to the President . Law.columbia.edu . June 13, 2011 . July 19, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110719175435/http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2009/january2009/tmorrison_admin . dead .
  30. Web site: WH lawyer Dan Meltzer calls it quits. Politico.
  31. http://pview.findlaw.com/view/3109475_1 Benjamin Powell
  32. https://fas.org/irp/congress/2005_hr/shrg109-242.html NOMINATION OF BENJAMIN A. POWELL TO BE GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
  33. Web site: Stephen Friedman. Federal Reserve Bank of New York. May 1, 2014.
  34. Web site: Ulysses S. Grant, Jr.. 1996–2013 WGBH Educational Foundation. May 1, 2014. May 2, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002821/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/grant-children/. dead.
  35. Web site: Mark Barnes. https://archive.today/20140501161238/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=4842017&ticker=HURN. dead. May 1, 2014. Sign In Register Bloomberg.com Businessweek.com. May 1, 2014.
  36. Web site: John D. Clark . Nndb.com . June 13, 2011.
  37. Web site: US Council of Economic Advisers . Nndb.com . June 13, 2011.
  38. News: Jonathan W. Daniels. The New York Times. November 7, 1981. May 1, 2014. Ledbetter. Les.
  39. Web site: Lynn Forester de Rothschild. 2014, Columbia Law School. May 1, 2014. May 2, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140502004347/http://www.law.columbia.edu/magazine/162127/lynn-forester-de-rothschild. dead.
  40. Web site: Ken Khachigian. 2014 Asbarez Armenian News. May 1, 2014.
  41. Web site: John Marshall Kernochan. 2014, The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. May 1, 2014.
  42. Web site: Jay Lefkowitz. 2014, The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. May 1, 2014. May 2, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140502005729/http://www.law.columbia.edu/fac/Jay_Lefkowitz. dead.
  43. Web site: Kathleen McGinty. 2014 Environmental Law Institute. May 1, 2014.
  44. Web site: Columbia Law School Magazine: Brett McGurk '99 . Law.columbia.edu . November 9, 1961 . June 13, 2011 . December 22, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112743/http://www.law.columbia.edu/magazine/162137/brett-mcgurk-99 . dead .
  45. Web site: Brett McGurk hosts Ask the White House . April 10, 2006 . . . June 13, 2011.
  46. Web site: S. Jay Plager. United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. May 1, 2014.
  47. Richard Stone. Bloomberg Businessweek. May 1, 2014.
  48. News: Nathan Feinsinger. The New York Times. November 4, 1983. April 30, 2014. Waggoner. Walter H..
  49. Web site: William Dudley Foulke. Morrisson-Reeves Library, Richmond, Indiana U.S.A.. April 30, 2014.
  50. Web site: Harvey Goldschmid. 2014, The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. April 30, 2014.
  51. Book: The Saturday Evening Post, Volume 186, Issue 4. Saturday Evening Post Company, 1914 – Philadelphia (Pa.). 27. 1914.
  52. Web site: John D. Hawke, Jr.. https://archive.today/20140430160802/http://www.arnoldporter.com/professionals.cfm?action=view&id=716. dead. April 30, 2014. 2014 Arnold & Porter LLP. April 30, 2014.
  53. News: Edward Hidalgo. The New York Times. January 23, 1995. April 30, 2014.
  54. Web site: William Kovacic. The George Washington University Law School. April 30, 2014.
  55. Web site: List of Directors | U.S. Department of Labor.
  56. Book: Waas, Lomonaco, Murray, Jeff. The United States V. I. Lewis Libby. Sterling Publishing Company, 2007. 44. 9781402752599. 2007.
  57. Web site: Charles E. F. Millard. 2013 Broadway Partners Fund Manager, LLC.. April 30, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140501235747/http://www.bwaypartners.com/news.php?section_id=19&news_id=3. May 1, 2014. mdy-all.
  58. Web site: Annette Nazareth. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. April 30, 2014.
  59. Web site: Mary Jo White. 2014, Columbia Law School. April 30, 2014. May 2, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140502010013/http://www.law.columbia.edu/magazine/5361/mary-jo-white. dead.
  60. Web site: Tracy Voorhees. New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. April 30, 2014.
  61. Web site: Lloyd Wheaton Bowers. Georgetown University. May 1, 2014.
  62. Web site: Charles Fried. 2014 The President and Fellows of Harvard College.. May 1, 2014.
  63. Web site: Daniel M. Friedman. Federal Judicial Center. May 1, 2014.
  64. Web site: Stanley Foreman Reed. Federal Judicial Center. May 1, 2014.
  65. Web site: Donald Verrilli Jr.. 2014, Columbia Law School. May 1, 2014. May 2, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140502005844/http://www.law.columbia.edu/magazine/611941/verrilli-and-janklow-receive-medal-for-excellence. dead.
  66. Web site: R. Kent Greenawalt. 2014, The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. May 1, 2014.
  67. Web site: Samuel Blatchford. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  68. Web site: Benjamin Nathan Cardozo. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  69. Web site: William O. Douglas. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  70. Web site: Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  71. Web site: Charles Evans Hughes. Supreme Court Historical Society. May 8, 2014.
  72. Web site: John Jay. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  73. Web site: Stanley Forman Reed. Supreme Court Historical Society. May 8, 2014. May 21, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140521071604/http://www.supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/associate-justices/stanley-reed-1938-1957/. dead.
  74. Web site: Harlan Fiske Stone. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  75. Web site: Bianco, Joseph Frank. Federal Judicial Center. August 10, 2019.
  76. Web site: Hugh H. Bownes. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  77. Encyclopedia: LeBaron Bradford Colt. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 8, 2014.
  78. Web site: Duncan, Stuart Kyle. Federal Judicial Center. August 11, 2019.
  79. Web site: James Alger Fee. Federal Judicial Center. May 9, 2014.
  80. Web site: Wilfred Feinberg. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  81. Web site: Daniel M. Friedman. Federal Judicial Center. May 9, 2014.
  82. Web site: John Patrick Hartigan. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  83. Web site: Paul Raymond Hays. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  84. Web site: Emile Henry Lacombe. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  85. Web site: Gerard E. Lynch. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  86. Web site: J. Daniel Mahoney. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  87. Web site: Martin Manton. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  88. Web site: Julius Marshuetz Mayer. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  89. Web site: Harold Medina. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  90. Web site: Jack Miller. Federal Judicial Center. May 9, 2014.
  91. Web site: Leonard P. Moore. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  92. Web site: Harold Leventhal. Federal Judicial Center. May 9, 2014.
  93. Web site: S. Jay Plager. Federal Judicial Center. May 9, 2014.
  94. Web site: Giles Sutherland Rich. Federal Judicial Center. May 9, 2014.
  95. Web site: Robert D. Sack. The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York.. May 9, 2014. June 15, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100615070854/http://www.law.columbia.edu/fac/Robert_Sack. dead.
  96. Web site: James Marshall Sprouse. Federal Judicial Center. May 9, 2014.
  97. Web site: Richard Wilde Walker, Jr. Federal Judicial Center. May 9, 2014.
  98. Web site: Jerre Stockton Williams. Federal Judicial Center. May 9, 2014.
  99. Web site: Peter Woodbury. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  100. Web site: Beaton, Benjamin Joel . Federal Judicial Center . February 13, 2024.
  101. Web site: Charles L. Brieant. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  102. Web site: Frederick van Pelt Bryan. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  103. Web site: Naomi Reice Buchwald. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  104. Web site: Robert L. Carter. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  105. Web site: Miriam Goldman Cedarbaum. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  106. Web site: Denise Cote. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  107. Web site: Archie Owen Dawson. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  108. Web site: Marvin E. Frankel. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  109. Web site: Lee Parsons Gagliardi. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  110. Web site: Paul G. Gardephe. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  111. Web site: Gerard Louis Goettel. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  112. Web site: Alvin Hellerstein. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  113. Web site: William Bernard Herlands. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  114. Web site: George Chandler Holt. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  115. Web site: Richard J. Holwell. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  116. Web site: Kenneth M. Karas. Federal Judicial Center. May 6, 2014.
  117. Web site: Peter K. Leisure. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  118. Web site: Mary Johnson Lowe. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  119. Web site: John S. Martin, Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  120. Web site: Charles Miller Metzner. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  121. Web site: Edmund Louis Palmieri. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  122. Web site: Robert P. Patterson, Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  123. Web site: Milton Pollack. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  124. Web site: Simon H. Rifkind. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  125. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/11/14/president-obama-nominates-seven-united-states-district-courts President Obama Nominates Seven to the United States District Courts
  126. Web site: Harold R. Tyler, Jr. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  127. Web site: Lawrence Edward Walsh. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  128. Web site: John M. Woolsey. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  129. Web site: Mortimer W. Byers. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  130. Web site: Thomas Chatfield. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  131. Web site: Nicholas Garaufis. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  132. Web site: Dora L. Irizarry. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  133. Web site: Charles Proctor Sifton. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  134. Web site: Jack B. Weinstein. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  135. Web site: Joseph Carmine Zavatt. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  136. Web site: U. W. Clemon. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  137. Web site: Lawrence K. Karlton. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  138. Web site: Richard G. Seeborg. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  139. Web site: John Foster Symes. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  140. Web site: Alexander Holtzoff. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  141. Web site: Richard W. Roberts. Federal Judicial Center. May 7, 2014.
  142. Web site: The White House, Press Release: "President Obama Names Fives to United States District Court", July 14, 2010 . July 14, 2010 . June 13, 2011 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170216171747/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-names-five-united-states-district-court-0 . February 16, 2017 . . . mdy-all .
  143. Web site: Alexander Harvey II. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  144. Web site: Nathaniel M. Gorton. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  145. Web site: Denise Page Hood. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  146. Web site: Joseph Cross. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  147. Web site: Dickinson Richards Debevoise. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  148. Web site: Walter Herbert Rice. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  149. Web site: Anita B. Brody. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  150. Web site: Ira Lloyd Letts. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  151. Web site: Harry Bennett Anderson. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  152. Web site: Lynn S. Adelman. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  153. Web site: James Edward Doyle. Federal Judicial Center. May 8, 2014.
  154. Web site: Big case nothing new for bankruptcy judge | Detroit Free Press . freep.com . June 2, 2009 . June 13, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110608055850/http://www.freep.com/article/20090602/BUSINESS01/906020419/1210/BUSINESS/Big+case+nothing+new+for+bankruptcy+judge . June 8, 2011 . mdy-all .
  155. Web site: Reif, Timothy Mark. Federal Judicial Center. August 10, 2019.
  156. "S. L. Trussell Dies; Tax Body Member", Evening Star (October 23, 1931), p. 17.
  157. Encyclopedia: Alva B. Adams. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  158. Encyclopedia: Johnson N. Camden, Jr.. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  159. Encyclopedia: Clifford P. Case. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  160. Encyclopedia: LeBaron B. Colt. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  161. Encyclopedia: Slade Gorton. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  162. Encyclopedia: Frederick Hale. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  163. Encyclopedia: Lister Hill. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  164. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000028 John Kean
  165. Encyclopedia: Richard C. Hunter. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  166. Encyclopedia: Luke Lea. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  167. Encyclopedia: Thomas E. Martin. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  168. Encyclopedia: Jack Miller. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  169. Encyclopedia: Dwight Morrow. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  170. Encyclopedia: Wayne Morse. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  171. Encyclopedia: Frank C. Partridge. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  172. Encyclopedia: John Patton, Jr.. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  173. Encyclopedia: Howard Alexander Smith. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  174. Encyclopedia: Richard Stone. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  175. Encyclopedia: Arthur Vivian Watkins. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  176. Encyclopedia: George P. Wetmore. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  177. Encyclopedia: Harrison A. Williams. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  178. Encyclopedia: Bella Abzug. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  179. Encyclopedia: John J. Adams. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  180. Encyclopedia: Homer D. Angell. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  181. Encyclopedia: Martin C. Ansorge. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  182. Encyclopedia: Edward Basset. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  183. Encyclopedia: Perry Belmont. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  184. Encyclopedia: Loring Black. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  185. Encyclopedia: Robert William Bonynge. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  186. Encyclopedia: Frank T. Bow. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  187. Encyclopedia: Lloyd Bryce. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  188. Encyclopedia: John F. Carew. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  189. Encyclopedia: Emanuel Celler. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  190. Encyclopedia: Alexander Gilmore Cochran. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  191. Encyclopedia: Frederic René Coudert, Jr.. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  192. Encyclopedia: Robert Crosser. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  193. Encyclopedia: Colgate Darden. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  194. Encyclopedia: P. Henry Dugro. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  195. Encyclopedia: Charles T. Dunwell. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  196. Encyclopedia: Sidney A. Fine. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  197. Encyclopedia: Hamilton Fish II. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  198. Encyclopedia: Ashbel P. Fitch. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  199. Encyclopedia: Frank T. Fitzgerald. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  200. Encyclopedia: Wallace T. Foote, Jr. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  201. Encyclopedia: George E. Foss. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 2, 2014.
  202. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000326 Samuel Fowler
  203. Encyclopedia: Jaime Fuster. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  204. Encyclopedia: Ralph A. Gamble. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  205. Encyclopedia: Fred Benjamin Gernerd. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  206. Encyclopedia: James R. Grover, Jr.. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  207. Encyclopedia: Ralph W. Gwinn. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  208. Encyclopedia: Thomas Hedge. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  209. Encyclopedia: Lewis Henry. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  210. Encyclopedia: Lister Hill. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  211. Encyclopedia: Theodore Gaillard Hunt. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  212. Encyclopedia: Theodore R. Kupferman. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  213. Encyclopedia: George P. Lawrence. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  214. Encyclopedia: John J. Lentz. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  215. Encyclopedia: Montague Lessler. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  216. Encyclopedia: Marcus C. Lisle. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  217. Encyclopedia: Washington J. McCormick. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  218. Encyclopedia: John McKeon. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 3, 2014.
  219. Encyclopedia: Roy H. McVicker. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  220. Encyclopedia: Thomas E. Martin. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  221. Encyclopedia: Mitchell May. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  222. Encyclopedia: Schuyler Merritt. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  223. Encyclopedia: Brad Miller. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  224. Encyclopedia: J. Van Vechten Olcott. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  225. Encyclopedia: William Claiborne Owens. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  226. Encyclopedia: Richard W. Parker. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  227. Encyclopedia: Thomas G. Patten. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  228. Encyclopedia: William Walter Phelps. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  229. Encyclopedia: Philip J. Philbin. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  230. Encyclopedia: Otis G. Pike. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  231. Encyclopedia: Edward Everett Robbins. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  232. Encyclopedia: William Fitts Ryan. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  233. Encyclopedia: James Scheuer. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  234. Encyclopedia: Townsend Scudder. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  235. Encyclopedia: John F. Seiberling. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  236. Encyclopedia: Eugene Siler. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  237. Encyclopedia: Percy Hamilton Stewart. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  238. Encyclopedia: Jessie Sumner. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  239. Encyclopedia: Edward Swann. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  240. Encyclopedia: James W. Symington. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  241. Encyclopedia: Charles Phelps Taft. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  242. Encyclopedia: Benjamin I. Taylor. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  243. Encyclopedia: John A. Thayer. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  244. Encyclopedia: J. Mayhew Wainwright. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  245. Encyclopedia: William C. Wallace. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  246. Encyclopedia: Charles Weltner. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  247. Encyclopedia: Harrison A. Williams. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
  248. Encyclopedia: Francis H. Wilson. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. May 6, 2014.
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