List of Classical Age states explained

See also: List of pre-modern states, 1st millennium BC and 1st millennium.

See also: List of Iron Age states and List of states during Late Antiquity.

Classical Antiquity is a period in the history of the Near East and Mediterranean, extending roughly from the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD.It is conventionally taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (8th–7th century BC), and continues through the emergence of Christianity and the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th to 6th centuries, the period during which Late Antiquity blends into the "Dark Ages" or Early Middle Ages.

The geographic scope of Classical Antiquity may be taken to extend to Central Asia and North India due to the far-reaching influence of Greek culture during the Hellenistic period (late 4th to 2nd centuries BC),but the historiographies of other world regions have their own notion of "classicity" which do not fall within the scope of this list.

Africa

StateCapitalState typeExisted
Aksumite EmpireAksumEmpire100–960 AD
BlemmyesTribal kingdom600 BC – 8th century AD
Carthaganian EmpireCarthageEmpire650–146 BC
D'mtYehaKingdom980–400 BC
CyrenaicaCyreneKingdom631–525 BC
EgyptSais, Mendes, SebennytosKingdomc. 664 BC – c. 332 BC
GaramantianGaramaTribal confederation/empire1000 BC – 700 AD
KushKerma; Napata; MeroeKingdom1070 BC – 350 AD
Macedonian EmpirePellaEmpire334–323 BC
MauretaniaJulia CaesaraKingdom/client kingdom285 BC – 698 AD
NumidiaCirtaKingdom202–46 BC
Persian EmpireEcbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, SusaEmpire549–330 BC
PtolemaicAlexandriaKingdom/empire305–30 BC
Roman EmpireRome, ConstantinopleEmpire27 BC-1453 AD
Roman RepublicRomeRepublic509–27 BC
Somali City-StatesVarious City-statesVarious
TichittKingdom1400–200 BC

Europe

See also: List of Celtic tribes and List of Germanic tribes.

StateCapitalTypeExisted
Achaean LeagueVariousConfederation of city states280–140 BC
Acarnanian LeagueVariousConfederation of city states5th century–31 BC
AeolisVariousCity states8th–6th century BC
Aetolian LeagueVariousConfederation of city states290–189 BC
Amphictyonic leagueVariousConfederation of Tribes
Antigonid EmpireEmpire306–168 BC
ArcadiaKingdom 980–743 BC
AcarnaniaKingdom 7th–1st century BC
Arcadian LeagueVariousConfederation of city states370 BC
ArgolisArgosKingdom/republic 1200–226 BC
AthensRepublican city state/client1068–146 BC
Boeotian LeagueVariousConfederation of city states395–171 BC
Carthaginian EmpireCarthageEmpire650–146 BC
Chalcidian LeagueVariousConfederation of city states430–348 BC
CorinthiaCorinthCity state700-338 BC
Cyprus city-statesVariousCity statesVarious
DaciaSarmizegetusa, RegiaKingdom168 BC – 106 AD
DardaniaUlpiana?Tribal Kingdom 4th century – 168 BC
Delian LeagueVariousLeague of city states478–404 BC
ElisVariousCity states1200–188 BC
EtruriaVeiiKingdom 900–264 BC
Euboean LeagueVariousConfederation of city states294 BC – 300 AD
Hellenic LeagueVariousFederated states338–322 BC
Illyria400–158 BC
Ionian LeagueVariousLeague of city states7th century–505 BC
Latin LeagueVariousTribal confederation793–338 BC
LocriaAmphissa, NaupactusKingdom 1250–386 BC
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)/Macedonian EmpirePellaKingdom/Empire808–168 BC/334–323 BC
Magna GraeciaVariousKingdom city states740–89 BC
Odrysian kingdomSeuthopolisKingdom460 BC- 46 AD
PaeoniaPrincipality/kingdom/client535 BC – 681 AD
Peloponnesian LeagueAthensConfederation of city states550–366 BC
Persian EmpireEcbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, SusaEmpire549–330 BC
PhocisDelphiAmphictyony[1] 690–222 BC
RhodesRhodes City-state408–226 BC
Kingdom of RomeRomeKingdom 753–509 BC
Roman EmpireRome, Milan, Ravenna, ConstantinopleEmpire27 BC-1453 AD
Roman RepublicRomeRepublic509–27 BC
SabinumBovianumTribal kingdom760 – 494 BC
SamniumTribal confederation600 – 82 BC
Second Athenian LeagueAthensConfederation of city states377–385 BC
SpartaSpartaKingdom 950–146 BC
TartessosTartessusTribal kingdom1000–450 BC
ThebesThebes City-state7th century–335 BC
TylisTylisKingdom278–212 BC
UmbriaTribal kingdom9th century – 3rd century BC

Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia

namecapitalstate typeexisted
AlbaniaKabalak, PartavKingdom/client65 BC – 628 AD
BactriaBactraTribal kingdom/client2140–550 BC
BalharaBalkhTribal kingdom12th–7th centuries BC
Cimmerian BosporusPanticapaeumKingdom/client 480 BC – 370 AD
CimmeriaNot specifiedTribal confederation1300–626 BC
ColchisPhasisKingdom1300 BC – 2nd century AD
DayuanKingdom/client 329 BC – 280 AD
FerganaKhokandTribal Confederation/Kingdom500 BC – 590 AD
Greco-BactriaBactra, Alexandria on the OxusKingdom256–125 BC
IberiaArmazi, Mtskheta, TbilisiKingdom302 BC – 508 AD
Indo-GreekAlexandria(Caucasus), Taxila, SagalaKingdom 180 BC – 10 AD
Indo-ParthiaTaxilaKingdom 12 BC – 98 AD
Indo-ScythiaSigal, Taxila, MathuraKingdom 200 BC – 400 AD
KangjuTribal federation280 BC – 585 AD
KashgarKashgarKingdom/client80–850 AD
KuchaKuchaBuddhist kingdom46–658 AD
Kushan EmpireBagram, Peshawar, Taxila, MathuraEmpire30–375 AD
KhwarezmKath, Gurganj Kingdom180 BC – 98 AD
LazicaPhasisKingdom/client1st century BC – 7th century AD
Macedonian EmpirePellaEmpire334–323 BC
MassagetaeTribal Kingdom c. 8th century BCE–c. 3rd century BCE
Maurya EmpirePataliputraEmpire322–185 BC
Parthian EmpireCtesiphonEmpire247 BC – 224 AD
Persian EmpireEcbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, SusaEmpire549–330 BC
ScythiaNeopolisTribal kingdom690BC-250 BC
Seleucid EmpireSeleucia, AntiochEmpire312–63 BC
SogdianaSamarkand, Bukhara, Khujand, KeshKingdom/client750–550 BC

East Asia/Southeast Asia

NameCapital/sTypeExisted
Âu LạcCổ LoaKingdom257–207 BC
BaekjeWirye, Ungjin, SabiKingdom18 BC – 660 AD
BuyeoBuyeoseongKingdom189 BC – 494 AD
ChampaIndrapura, Vijaya, PandurangaKingdom192–1832 AD
ChengjiaChengduKingdom25–36 AD
Chi TuKingdom100 BC – 7th century AD
ChouchiLüeyangPrincipality184–511 AD
ChuDanyang, JiangYing, JiYing, Shouchun, Client-viscountcy/kingdom1030–223 BC
DianKingdom300–109 BC
DonghuNomadic tribal confederation700–150 BC
Dong'ouDong'ouKingdom191–111 BC
FunanVyadhapura,Óc EoKingdom60–550 AD
Gangga NegaraGangga NegaraKingdom2nd–11th centuries AD
GayaGayaConfederacy42–562 AD
GoguryeoJolbon, Gungnae, Pyongyang.Kingdom37 BC – 668 AD
GojoseonAsadal, Wanggeom-seongKingdom1500–108 BC
Han EmpireChang'an, Luoyang, XuchangEmpire206 BC-220 AD
Kofun period (Japan)300–538
JinTribal federation550–108 BC
JolbonTribal kingdom1st century – 37 BC
Kandis KingdomKingdom1st century BC – 13th century AD
LangkasukaKedah, PattaniKingdom 100–1516 AD
MahanCheonanConfederacy98 BC – 250 AD
MinyueYeKingdom334–111 AD
NaKingdom1st century – 3rd century AD
NanyuePanyuKingdom204–111 BC
PyuSri KsetraFederated city states250 BC – 1085 AD
QiLinziClient-Dukedom1046–221 BC
QinQin, Quanqiu, Qian, PingyangClient-marquisate/dukedom858–221 BC
Qin EmpireXianyangEmpire221–206 BC
Samaskuta KingdomKingdom?–5th century AD
SiljikKingdom102 – 6th century AD
SillaGyeongjuKingdom55 BC – 935 AD
SumpaTribal chiefdom/client1600 BC – 7th century AD
ThatonThatonKingdom300 BC – 1085 AD
WeiAnyi, Daliang Marquisate/kingdom403–225 BC
Văn LangAnyangConfederation/kingdoms1430–258 BC
XianbeiNomadic (empire)93–234 AD
XiongnuTribal confederation (empire)209–155 BC
YamataiKingdom1st century – 3rd century AD
YanJiPrincipality1046–222 BC
ZhangzhungKyunglungKingdom500 BC – 625 AD
ZhouHaojing, LuoyiKingdom1046–256 BC

South Asia

NameCapitalState typeExisted
Abhira dynastyDvarakaKingdom 200–315/370 AD
AnuradhapuraAnuradhapuraKingdom 377 BC – 1017 AD
AngaChampa or CampāKingdom 1380–550 BC
ArjunayanasRepublic 2nd century BC – 6th century AD
AyAykudiKingdom 4th century BC – 12th century AD
CholaUrayur/KaveripattinamKingdom 2645–110 BC
Chutu dynastyBanavasiKingdom1st century BC – 3rd century AD
GangaridaiGangesKingdom450–200 BC
HaryankaRajagriha, later PataliputraKingdom684–413 BC
Indo-GreekAlexandria in the Caucasus, Taxila, SagalaKingdom 180 BC – 10 AD
Indo-ParthiaTaxilaKingdom 12 BC – 98 AD
Indo-ScythiaSigal, Taxila, MathuraKingdom 200 BC – 400 AD
Kalabhra dynastyVariousKingdom 1376–285 BC
Kalinga RepublicDantapura/RajapuraRepublic3rd–6th century AD
KambojaRajapuraKingdom1450–195 BC
KasmiraAsirgarh Qila Kingdom1250–322 BC
KimpurushaKingdom1000–325 BC
KirataTribal kingdom1350 – c. 300 BC
KosalaShravasti Kingdom1000–266 BC
KunindaShravasti Kingdom500 BC – 300 AD
Kushan EmpireBagram, Peshawar, Taxila, MathuraEmpire30–375 AD
Maya RataPanduwasnuwaraKingdom 504 BC – 1153 AD
Mahameghavahana dynastyKingdom1st century BC – 4th century AD
MagadhaRajagriha/Rajgir /PataliputraKingdom799–323 BC
MallaKusinārā, PāvāRepublic– BCE
Mitra dynasyMathuraKingdom150–50 BC
Maurya EmpirePataliputraEmpire322–185 BC
MushikaEzhimalaiKingdom3rd century BC – 4th century AD
Nagas of PadmavatiPadmavatiKingdom3rd–4th century AD
Nanda EmpirePataliputraEmpire345–322 BC
PanchalaAhichatra, KampilyaKingdom/republic700–323 BC
PandyaMaduraiKingdom 600 BC - 1618 AD
Pallava EmpireKanchiEmpire275–897 AD
PauravasKingdom 350–150 BC
ParvataKingdom c. 9th century – 325 BC
Persian EmpireEcbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, SusaEmpire549–330 BC
PundraPundravardhanaKingdom 1300 BC – 550 AD
RuhunaMagamaPrincipality200 BC – 450 AD
SamatataSamatataKingdom232 BC – 7th c AD
Satavahana EmpireAmaravatiEmpire230 BC – 230 AD
Seleucid EmpireSeleucia, AntiochEmpire312–63 BC
ShakyaKapilavatthu Monarchical Republic800–320 BC
Shunga EmpireVidisha Empire187–73 BC
SindhuVrsadarbhpuraKingdom800–320 BC
Suhmanot specifiedKingdomc. 8th century – 4th century BC
SurasenaMethoraKingdom1000–323 BC
TambapanniTambapanniKingdom543–505 BC
TrigartaPrasthalaKingdom1150–322 BC
VangaGangeKingdom1300 BC – 580 AD
VatsaKauśāmbīKingdom1100–323 BC
Vajjika LeagueVaishaliConfederacy -
YaudheyaRohtakRepublic5th century BC – 4th century AD

West Asia

namecapitalstate typeexisted
AdiabeneArbelaKingdom/client15–310 AD
Antigonid EmpireEmpire306–168 BC
ArabaHatraKingdom3rd century BC – 300AD
ArmeniaVanKingdom553 BC – 428AD
Armenia MinorKingdom331–72 BC
AtropateneGanzakKingdom/client 320 BC – 226AD
AwsanḤajar Yaḥirr Kingdom8th–7th century BC
BithyniaNicomedia, NicaeaKingdom/client 297–74 BC
CappadociaMazacaKingdom/client332–130 BC
ChaldeaBit YakinKingdom1100–539 BC
CharaceneCharax SpasinouKingdom127 BC – 222 AD
CiliciaTarsusKingdom795–546 BC
CommageneSamosataKingdom/client 163 BC – 72 AD
CorduenePrincipality/kingdom/client800 BC – 653 AD
DorisDorisKingdom1200–580 BC
EdomRabbath Ammon Kingdom1200–125 BC
Elamite EmpireSusaEmpire1210–535 BC
ElymaisSusaKingdom/client147 BC −224 AD
GalatiaAncyraEmpire280–64 BC
GardmanParisosPrincipality/kingdom/client66–428 AD
GerrhaGerrhaKingdom650 BC – 300 AD
Greco-BactriaBactra, Alexandria (Oxus)Kingdom256–125 BC
HadhramautKingdom700 BC – 320 AD
HaramHaramKingdom city state600 – 175 BC
Hasmonean dynastyJerusalem Kingdom/Client Kingdom 140–37 BC
Heraclea PonticaHeraclea PonticaOligarchic republic365–284 BC
Himyarite KingdomZafar, later Sana'aKingdom110 BC – 525 AD
JudahJerusalemKingdom9th century BC – 586 BC
KindaQaryat Dhāt KāhilTribal kingdom2nd century BC – 525 AD
LihyanDedanKingdom6th–3rd century BC
LycaoniaIconiumKingdom340–200 BC
LyciaXanthos, Patara Kingdom1183–546 BC
Lydian EmpireSardisEmpire680–546 BC
Macedonian EmpirePellaEmpire334–323 BC
MaganKingdom2200–550 BC
Ma'in?/ Yathill Kingdom580–85 BC
Median EmpireEcbatanaEmpire678–549 BC
MysiaPergamonKingdom1320–301 BC[2]
NabataeaPetraKingdom168 BC – 106 AD
Neo-Babylonian EmpireBabylonEmpire626–539 BC
OsroeneEdessaKingdom/client134 BC – 244 AD
PaphlagoniaGangraKingdom1480–183 BC[3]
PamphyliaPergaKingdom398–190 BC
ParsuaTribal chiefdom/kingdom[4] 860–600 BC
Parthian EmpireCtesiphonEmpire247 BC – 224 AD
PergamonPegamonKingdom282–133 BC
Persian EmpirePasargadae, Persepolis, SusaEmpire549–330 BC
Pontic EmpireAmaseia, SinopeEmpire250 BC – 68 AD
PontusAmaseia, SinopeKingdom281–250 BC
QatabanTimnaKingdom6th century BC – 2nd century AD
PtolemaicAlexandriaKingdom/empire305–30 BC
Roman EmpireRome, ConstantinopleEmpire27 BC – 1453 AD
Roman RepublicRomeRepublic509–27 BC
Saba'Sirwah, Ma'ribKingdom12th/8th century BC – 275 AD
Seleucid EmpireSeleucia, AntiochEmpire312–63 BC
SopheneKarkathiokertaKingdom298–94 BC
ZabdicenePrincipality/client780 BC – 5th century AD
ZikirtiKingdom750–521 BC

Americas

StateCapital/sTypeExisted
MayaVariousKingdom city states2000 BC – 900 AD
Mixtec civilization1500 BC – 1523 AD
Teotihuacan EmpireTeotihuacanEmpire100 BC–8th century AD
XochitecatlXochitecatlKingdom800 BC – 150 AD

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Definition of State Type. 2014. Dictionary.com. 5 April 2014.
  2. Web site: Kingdoms of Anatolia. 2014. The History Files. 31 May 2014.
  3. Web site: Middle East Kingdoms Ancient Anatolia. 2014. The History Files. 20 April 2014.
  4. Web site: Eduljee. K D. Zoroastrian Heritage The Zagros. 2012. The Heritage Site. 9 April 2014.

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