List of Cirsium species explained

The following species in the flowering plant genus Cirsium, the plume thistles, are accepted by Plants of the World Online.[1] A 2022 molecular study reassigned many species to other genera, but Cirsium remains a speciose genus.[2] Already as a result of the genetic study Ackerfield et al. 2020, Cirsium and Carduus were determined to be polyphyletic in their current circumscriptions, suggesting to either "consolidate all taxa into one large genus (Carduus or Cirsium)," or "recognize each major clade as a genus (Carduus, Cirsium, Eriolepis, Notobasis, Picnomon, Silybum, and Tyrimnus)".[3] Bureš et al. 2023 examined ploidy, genome length, morphological similarity and other lines of evidence, reaching a similar conclusion; whereas the former study referred to a broader range of genera by the term "Carduus–Cirsium group", the latter was published on the heels of the separation of Lophiolepis and Epitrachys from Cirsium, so the focused shifted to their surprising result of Carduus and Tirymnus being nested within Cirsium.[4] Since further genetic evidence is needed to resolve the intergeneric relationships of the Carduinae, this list will be restricted to species in the current genus Cirsium.

North American section

Section Cephalonoplos

Section Cirsium

Subsection Acaulia

Subsection Cirsium

Series Cirsium × Lophiolepis

Series Creticum

Series Heterophylla

Series sine nomine

Subsection Echenais

Subsection Orthocentrum

Series Cana

incertae sedis

Subsection Sinocirsium

Series Japonica

Series Schantarensia

Subsection Spanioptilon

Series Asiatica

Series Vlassoviana

incertae sedis

Section Pseudo-eriolepis

incertae sedis

Notes and References

  1. 30001899-2 . Cirsium Mill. . 27 May 2023 .
  2. Towards a monophyletic classification of Cardueae: Restoration of the genus Lophiolepis (= Cirsium p.p.) and new circumscription of Epitrachys . 2022 . Del Guacchio . Emanuele . Bureš . Petr . Iamonico . Duilio . Carucci . Francesca . De Luca . Daniele . Zedek . František . Caputo . Paolo . Plant Biosystems . 156 . 5 . 1269–1290 . 10.1080/11263504.2022.2131924 . 2022PBios.156.1269D . 252700781 .
  3. 2020 . Jennifer . Ackerfield . etal . A prickly puzzle: Generic delimitations in the Carduus-Cirsium group (Compositae: Cardueae: Carduinae) . 715–738 . 10.1002/tax.12288 . Taxon . 69 . 4.
  4. 2023-02-27 . Petr . Bureš . etal . Evolution of genome size and GC content in the tribe Carduinae (Asteraceae): rare descending dysploidy and polyploidy, limited environmental control and strong phylogenetic signal . 185–213 . Preslia . 2570-950X . 95 . 1. 10.23855/preslia.2023.185 . free .
  5. Book: Лукьяновна Харадзе, Анна . 2001 . originally published 1963 in Russian . A. K. . Dhote . Cirsium . 51–213 . https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29988913 . Flora Unionis Rerumpublicarum Socialisticarum Sovieticarum . 28 . Science publishers . 9781886106451.
  6. 2024-05-05 . Petr . Bureš . etal . Intergeneric hybrid origin of the invasive tetraploid Cirsium vulgare . Plant Biology . 10.1111/plb.13653 . 38704835 . 1438-8677. free .
  7. Book: Werner, Klaus . 1976 . Cirsium Miller . 232–242 . https://archive.org/details/floraeuropaea0004tuti/page/232 . Flora Europaea . 4 . 0-521-08717-1.
  8. 2018-05-09 . Petr . Bureš . Aleš . Knoll . Ester . Michálková . Petr . Šmarda . Jakub . Šmerda . Martin . Vavrinec . Cirsium greimleri: a new species of thistle endemic to the Eastern Alps and Dinarides . 105–134 . Preslia . 2570-950X . 90 . 2. 10.23855/preslia.2018.105 . free .

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