List of Chinese classifiers explained

In the tables, the first two columns contain the Chinese characters representing the classifier, in traditional and simplified versions when they differ. The next four columns give pronunciations in Standard (Mandarin) Chinese, using pinyin; Cantonese, in Jyutping and Yale, respectively; and Minnan (Taiwan). The last column gives the classifier's literal meaning (in quotes) and principal uses.

Nominal classifiers

Classifiers proper

Trad.Simp.Mandarin
(Pinyin)
Cantonese (Jyutping)Cantonese
(Yale)
MinnanMeaning and principal uses
Chinese: baa2ba2"grip" - objects with handle-like parts (knives, scissors, swords /, keys /, pistols /, chairs, flaming torches or sticks)
Chinese: běn bun2bun2pún"volume" - bound print matter (books /, etc.)
Chinese: bung6bung6walls (Cantonese only)
Chinese: bou6bou6phō"part" - novels /, movies /, TV dramas etc.; vehicles (:); Cantonese only: machines
Chinese: /Chinese: Chinese: /Chinese: caak3chaak3tshehvolumes of books (Chinese: is more common in Traditional Chinese, Chinese: in Simplified)
Chinese: Chinese: céng cang4chang4tsàn"layer" - cakes, optical discs, etc.; stories of buildings
Chinese: Chinese: chǎng coeng4cheung4tiûnn"stage" - public spectacles, games /, drama /, film /, etc.
Chinese: Chinese: chù cyu3chyu3tshú"location", "site" - ruins /, construction site, etc.
Chinese: Chinese: chū ceot1cheut1tshut"performance", "show" - plays /, circus /, etc.
Chinese: ci3chi3tshù"time" - opportunities /, accidents
Chinese: dào dou6dou6linear projections (light rays, etc.), orders given by an authority figure, courses (of food) /, walls and doors /, questions /, number of times (for certain procedures)
Chinese: Chinese: dǐng deng2deng2tíngobjects with protruding top (hats, etc.)
Chinese: Chinese: dòng dung6dung6tòng"pillar" - buildings
Chinese: dou6dou6tóowalls and encompassing fixtures /
Chinese: Chinese: dùn doen6deun6tǹgmeals /
Chinese: duǒ do2/doe2do2/deu2luíflowers, clouds /
Chinese: Chinese: faat3faat3huatprojectile weapons, such as bullets /, artillery shells /, rockets, guided missiles etc.
Chinese: fèn fan6fan6hūn"copy" - newspapers /, notarized document /, contract
Chinese: fēng fung1fung1hongletters, mail, fax /
Chinese: fuk1fuk1pak"width" - paintings /; curtains; tapestries; photographs or prints (particularly when mounted and displayed on a wall)
Chinese: Chinese: gǎn gon3gon3kuáinnobjects with "pole" (spears /, balance scales, steelyard balance)
Chinese: Chinese: ge (gè) go3go3êindividual things, people - generic measure word (usage of this classifier in conjunction with any noun is generally accepted if the person does not know the proper classifier)
Chinese: gēn gan1gan1kunthin, slender, pole, stick objects (needles /, pillars, telegraph poles, matchsticks, etc.); strands /(e.g. hair /)
Chinese: Chinese: hào hou6hou6people, workmen (/); business deals (/)[1]
Chinese: jiā gaa1ga1gathering of people (families, companies, etc.), establishments (shops, restaurants, hotels /)
Chinese: jià gaa3ga3aircraft /, pianos, machines /
Chinese: Chinese: jiān gaan1gaan1kingrooms, ; Cantonese only: stores, companies
Chinese: jiàn gin6gin6kiānnmatters (affairs), clothing, etc.
Chinese: Chinese: jiè gaai3gaai3kàirecurring, often annual, conferences /, class years in a school (e.g. Class of 2006) /
Chinese: juǎn gyun2gyun2kńg"roll" - film /, toilet paper /
Chinese: fo2fo2trees (/) and other such flora
Chinese: Chinese: fo2fo2"kernel" - small objects (beans, hearts, pearls, teeth /, diamonds /, etc.) pillows, and objects appearing to be small (distant stars and planets)
Chinese: [[{{zhi|c=口 kǒu hau2hau2people in villages, family members; wells ; blade
Chinese: Chinese: lèi leoi6leui6luīobjects of the same type or category - affair, circumstance /
Chinese: lap1lap1lia̍p"grain", small objects such as a grain of rice
Chinese: Chinese: liàng loeng2leung2wheeled vehicles: automobiles /, bicycles /, etc.
Chinese: liè lit6lit6"array" - trains /
Chinese: Chinese: lún leon4leun4"round" - competition /, discussions /; moon
Chinese: méi mui4mui4small, flat objects (coins, medals, stamps);small, round jewelry (rings, diamonds /);

projectiles (bombs /, grenades /, rockets, satellites); eggs

Chinese: Chinese: mén mun4mun4"gate" - areas of knowledge (courses /, languages /, majors /, etc.), also for artillery pieces /.
Chinese: miàn min6min6"surface" - flat objects (mirrors /, flags, etc.)
Chinese: míng ming4ming4honorific, or persons with perceived higher social rank (doctors /, lawyers /, politicians, royalty, etc.); in formal occasions or in literary Chinese, also used for any type of person (not necessarily high-ranking, e.g. mother)
Chinese: Chinese: pán pun4pun4puânnflat objects (video cassettes /, etc.); literally means "dishes" and can be used for a plate of food
Chinese: pào, pāo paau1paau1classifiers for liquid extractions (tea, urine)
Chinese: pat1pat1horses / and other mounts; also rolls/bolts of cloth
Chinese: pet6pet6(Cantonese only) small pile of thick, viscous substance - mud, feces, etc.
Chinese: piān pin1pin1phinnwritten work: papers /, articles, novels etc.
Chinese: piàn pin3pin3phìnn"slice" - flat objects, cards, slices of bread /, etc.
Chinese: po1po1(Cantonese only) trees (/) and other such flora
Chinese: hei2hei2case, instance ; batch, group [2]
Chinese: shàn sin3sin3doors /, windows /.
Chinese: shǒu sau2sau2songs, poems /, music, etc.
Chinese: shuǐ seoi2seui2washings/rinsings [3]
Chinese: sōu sau2sau2ships
Chinese: suǒ so2so2for buildings whose purposes are explicitly stated, e.g. hospitals /. Otherwise can use ""
Chinese: /Chinese: Chinese: tái toi4toi4tâiheavy objects, esp. machines (TVs /, computers /, etc.); performances (theatre /, etc.)
Chinese: táng tong4tong4periods of classes / (e.g. "I have two classes today"), suites of furniture
Chinese: tàng tong3tong3trips (usually repetitive), scheduled transportation services - flights /
Chinese: Chinese: tai4tai4test/exam questions
Chinese: tǐng ting5, ting2ting5thánmachine guns
Chinese: Chinese: tiáo tiu4tiu4tiâu"strip"; long, narrow, flexible objects — (fish /, dogs, trousers /, etc.), also for roads and rivers, pertaining to human lives, e.g. "" two (human) lives, "", lit. "one heart" (to work as one), classifiers for certain things like counter-measures, etc.
Chinese: Chinese: tóu tau4tau4"head" - domesticated animals (pigs /, cows, etc.), hair (only used alongside a modifier)
Chinese: wěi mei5mei5bué"tail" - fish / (ancient)
Chinese: wèi wai2wai2polite classifier for people (attached to positions, not names) - workers, director
Chinese: Chinese: xiàng hong6hong6hāng"item" - items, projects - initiative /, ordinances, statements /
Chinese: 宿 xiǔ suk1suk1nights, overnight stays [4]
Chinese: Chinese: yàng joeng6yeung6general items of differing attributes
Chinese: zam6jam6(Cantonese only) odor
Chinese: Chinese: zak1jak1sections of text - notice, jokes /, news /, etc.
Chinese: Chinese: zhǎn zaan2jaan2light fixtures (usually lamps /), pot of tea etc.
Chinese: Chinese: zhāng zoeng1jeung1tiunn"sheet" - flat objects (paper /, tables, etc.), faces /, bows, paintings /, tickets, constellations, blankets, bedsheets /; Cantonese only: chairs
Chinese: Chinese: zhī zek3jek3one of a pair (hands, legs); animals (birds /, cats /, etc.)
Chinese: zhī zi1ji1fairly long, stick-like objects (pens /, chopsticks, roses, rifles /, etc.), fleets /
Chinese: zhī zi1ji1kialternative form of ("stalk"): can be used for rifles / and flowers
Chinese: Chinese: zhǒng zung2jung2tsióngtypes or kinds of objects (animals /)
Chinese: zhū zyu1jyu1trees /
Chinese: zhù cyu5chyu5incense
Chinese: zūn zyun1jyun1statues
Chinese: zuò zo6jo6tsōlarge mansion ; mountains ;

Measure words/massifiers

Trad.Simp.Mandarin
(Pinyin)
Cantonese (Jyutping)Cantonese
(Yale)
Meaning and principal uses
Chinese: baa2ba2"handful" (beans, flour, rice, sand);"bunch"/"bundle" (chopsticks, matches, sticks);

"bunch"/"hand" (bananas, carrots, flowers, scallions)

Chinese: bān baan1baan1classifier for scheduled transport services (trains /, bus, subway /, etc.); group of people; class as in pupils /
Chinese: Chinese: bāng bong1bong1group of people (children, friends, etc.);"gang", band of (bandits, bad men /, etc.)
Chinese: bāo baau1baau1"packet" (cookies /, cigarettes /, French fries /, screws, etc.)
Chinese: bēi bui1bui1"cup" - container (cup, glass, mug, beaker, etc.) of liquid
Chinese: Chinese: bèi bui3bui3"generation", "lifetime" (people)
Chinese: Chinese: bat1bat1large quantities of money (money /, funds /, account items /)
Chinese: chuàn cyun3chyun3"string" - sequence of numbers Chinese: 號碼/号码; pearls Chinese: 珍珠; grapes Chinese: 葡萄, skewer/stick (kebabs, satays, etc.)
Chinese: chuáng cong4chong4"bed" - blankets, sheets, quilt
Chinese: daap6daap6a "stack" of (e.g. paper, or any other paper-like things)
Chinese: dài doi6doi6"bag" - sackfuls, pouchfuls, bagfuls, pocketfuls (flour /, French fries /, cements, etc.)
Chinese: dàn daam6daam6(Cantonese only) "mouthful" - amount of food
Chinese: /Chinese: di1di1(Cantonese only) "some", "a bit" - general massifier. Only used in the form, or without a number (e.g. after demonstratives).
Chinese: dik6dik6"droplet" (water, blood /, other such fluids)
Chinese: Chinese: diǎn dim2dim2ideas /, suggestions; can also mean "a bit" (often used to denote amount) - e.g. courage /
Chinese: duàn dyun6dyun6"length" - cables /, roadways, part as in a drama /, etc.
Chinese: duī deoi3deui3"pile" - trash, sand, etc.
Chinese: Chinese: duì deoi3deui3"pair" - "couple", "partner" /, ring, earrings /, bracelet /; Cantonese only: pair of objects which naturally come in pairs (e.g. chopsticks, shoes, etc.)
Chinese: fuk6fuk6"dose" (medicine /)
Chinese: fu3fu3"set" - objects which come in pairs (gloves, insole, couplets, etc.) also for spectacles/glasses /, mahjong /, Chinese chess ; pack of cards
Chinese: gu2gu2flows (of air /, smell, influence, etc.)
Chinese: Chinese: (nonstandard)
Chinese: (official)
gau6gau6(Cantonese only) "piece of", "chunk of" - rock, soap, ginger, charcoal, rice, etc.
Chinese: guǎn gun2gun2"tube" - toothpaste and things that comes in tubes
Chinese: guàngun3gun3for canned beverages (e.g. soda), milk powder, sardine, etc.; also for air tank, nitrogen tank, etc.
Chinese: háng hong4hong4"row" - objects which form lines (words /, etc.); occupations in a field (idiom, spoken language); could also be pronounced as xíng, see below.
Chinese: hap6hap6objects in a small "box" or case (e.g. mooncakes, tapes)
Chinese: /Chinese: Chinese: wu6wu6households (Chinese: is common in handwritten Traditional Chinese) - household
Chinese: Chinese: wu4wu4liquids (usually drink) in a "pot" (tea, or sometimes rice wine) or kettle (usually water)
Chinese: huǒ fo2fo2bands of people such as gangs or hoodlums (when heard it as classifier from news it is mostly derogatory); group of people (non-derogatory in some dialect)
Chinese: Chinese: zai1jai1"dose" (medicine /)
Chinese: Chinese: jié zit3jit3"section" of bamboo, sugarcane, etc.; branch of tree; a class period at school /; columnar batteries, carriages of train (look like a section of bamboo)
Chinese: geoi3geui3"sentences", quotes, lines /, etc.
Chinese: [[{{zhi|c=口 kǒu hau2hau2"mouthful" - amount of food
Chinese: Chinese: kuài faai3faai3"chunk", "lump", "piece" - land, stones /, cake (piece/slice), bread (not slices) /, candy, tofu, etc.; yuan (widely used in spoken language)
Chinese: kǔn kwan2kwan2sets of bundled objects, usually pole-, rope- or stick-like stuffs (e.g. matchsticks, straw, wire, etc.)
Chinese: Chinese: liǎ loeng5leung5sometimes used informally instead of Chinese: 两个 (liǎng ge), to mean "two" (especially two things or people that are close to one another)
Chinese: luò (luǒ) lo3, lo6lo3, lo6set of objects either be "stacked" (a stack of, e.g. books /) or be piled (a pile of, e.g. bricks /)
Chinese: Chinese: leoi5leui5"strand" - hair, smoke /, wind /
Chinese: pái paai4paai4"row" - seats, lanterns /, aspen, etc.
Chinese: pai1pai1"shipment" - used when a large number of people (e.g. pupils) coming (e.g. entrance) or leaving (e.g. graduate) during the same period; also used for large amount of commodity, mass-produced objects (products /, laptops, etc.) or supplies.
Chinese: píng ping4ping4objects in "bottle", vial, or flask. usually not too large so that people could takes by hands (e.g. lemonade, water, troche, etc.)
Chinese: kei4kei4(issues of) periodicals, magazine /
Chinese: qún kwan4kwan4"group" (people, students /, etc.), "herd" (e.g. birds /, horse /, etc.)
Chinese: saam1saam1sometimes used informally instead of Chinese: 三个 to mean "three", "three of"
Chinese: shù cuk1chuk1"bundle" of flowers ; light, laser.
Chinese: Chinese: shuāng soeng1seung1"pair" - chopsticks, shoes, etc.
Chinese: tào tou3tou3"set" - books /, teaware, collectibles, clothes, etc.
Chinese: (Chinese: ) Chinese: tīng ting1ting1for canned beverages (e.g. soda, cola)
"tin" ("" is common and informal in handwriting Traditional Chinese) — A recent loanword that have involved in Mandarin from Cantonese
Chinese: Chinese: tuán tyun4tyun4"ball" - (balls of yarn /, cotton, etc.)
Chinese: tuó to4to4"lump" - mud, feces /
Chinese: wǎn wun2wun2for food in "bowl" (e.g. soup /, rice /, congee, wonton /)
Chinese: xiē se1se1"some" - general massifier. Only used in the form, or without a number (e.g. after demonstratives).
Chinese: xíng hang4hang4groups of people traveling together, such as a trade commission or diplomats and aides visiting a foreign country: "" (having left Paris, the king and entourage were very excited). Note: almost only used in the form . — is also read háng, see above.
Chinese: zaap3jaap3number of revolutions
Chinese: zhā zaa1ja1In Cantonese usage, this is used in lieu of shù (Chinese: ), e.g. a bundle of flowers
"jar", "jug" - beverages such as beer, soda, juice, etc. (A recent loan-word from English, it may be considered informal or slang.)
Chinese: Chinese: zhèn zan6jan6"gust", "burst" - events with short durations (e.g. lightning storms, gusts of wind /, etc.)
Chinese: zhù zyu3jyu3a "pour" of water, tea (liquid); a "bet" - lottery
Chinese: Chinese: zou2jou2"set" - general mass-classifier for sets of objects (sets of, e.g. batteries /, planets, variables /, data /, objects /, words /, or any sensible thing you want to name). A set is usually assumed to have two or more objects.
But there are also exceptions: depends on what object the classifier is used for, the quantity of objects in sets may be assumed without context. When assumed, the classifier usually falls back to play a similar role to either /, or /对: for example, when used for certain objects that come in pairs, e.g. /, represented as / (/ is valid), here the quantity in each set is assumed to be two (i.e. one pair). Note that when used for other naturally paired things, like chopsticks, represented as */; here the quantity of objects is unspecified if no context specific it, as people never use / for chopsticks as a natural in-pair object classifier (That is, except for certain objects like /, the classifier / won't fallback to /, et al. when used for objects in pairs.)

Measurement units

Trad.Simp.Mandarin
(Pinyin)
Cantonese (Jyutping)Cantonese
(Yale)
Meaning
Time
Chinese: miǎomiu5miu5"second"
Chinese: fēnfan1fan1"minute"
Chinese: hak1 haak1hak1 haak1"quarter","15 minutes" (mainly in certain dialects, such as Shanghainese, and translations)
Chinese: tiāntin1tin1"day"
Chinese: jat6yat6"day"
Chinese: niánnin4nin4"year"
Chinese: Chinese: zǎizoi2 zoi3joi2 joi3"year" (ancient)
Chinese: Chinese: suìseoi3seoi3"year of age"
Weight/mass
Chinese: hak1 haak1hak1 haak1"gram"
Chinese: Chinese: liǎngloeng2leung250 grams(1/10 jīn), used to be 1/16 jīn
Chinese: 加崙/加侖Chinese: 加仑 jiālùn gaa1 leon2gaa1 leun2gallon
Chinese: [[:zh:质量单位|斤]] jīngan1gan1"catty", "pound", 1/2 kilograms
Chinese: 公斤 gōngjīngung1 gan1gung1 gan1"metric jīn", kilogram
Chinese: 千克 qiānkècin1 hak1/haak1chin1 hak1/haak1"kilogram"
Chinese: Chinese: dūndeon1deun1"ton"
Length/distance
Chinese: 公分 gōngfēngung1 fan1gung1 fan1"metric fēn",centimetre
Chinese: 厘米 límǐlei4 mai5lei4 mai5"centimetre" (More common in Mainland China and Hong Kong)
Chinese: cùncyun3chyun3Chinese "inch" (of a decimetre)
Chinese: cùncyun3chyun3British inch
Chinese: chǐce2/cek3che2/chek3Chinese "foot" (of a metre)
Chinese: chǐcek3chek3British foot
Chinese: [[:zh:英尺|英尺]] yīngchǐjing1 cek3ying1 chek3British foot
Chinese: 公尺 gōngchǐgung1 cek3gung1 chek3"metric chǐ", metre
Chinese: mai5mai5"metre"
Chinese: lei5lei5"", (500 metres)
Chinese: le1/lei5/li1le1/lei5/li1British mile/Statute mile (5280 British feet)
Chinese: [[:zh:英里|英里]] yīnglǐ jing1 lei5ying1 lei5British mile/Statute mile
Chinese: 海里hǎilǐ hai5 lei5hai5 lei5"nautical mile" (1852 meters, about 6076 British feet)
Chinese: 公里 gōnglǐgung1 lei5gung1 lei5"kilometre" (1000 metres)
Chinese: 天文單位Chinese: 天文单位tiānwéndānwèitin1 man4 daan1 wai2tin1 man4 daan1 wai2"astronomical unit"
Chinese: 光年 guāngniángwong1 nin4gwong1 nin4"light year"
Chinese: 秒差距 miǎochājùmiu5 caa1 geoi6miu5 cha1 geui6"parsec"
Money
Chinese: 圓/元Chinese: 圆/元yuánjun4yun4"yuán", "¥" (main unit of currency)
(either form can be used in Traditional Chinese text)
Chinese: Chinese: kuàifaai3faai3"block", yuán (a slang term, like "quid" or "buck")
Chinese: wénman1man1"dollar", yuán (Cantonese slang)
Chinese: jiǎogok3gok3"jiǎo", "dime", "tenpence"
Chinese: máomou4mou4"máo", "dime", "tenpence" (slang)
Chinese: háohou4hou4"dime", "tenpence" (Cantonese slang)
Chinese: fēnfan1/fan6fan1/fan6"fēn", "cent", "penny"

Verbal classifiers

See Chinese classifier → Verbal classifiers.

Trad.Simp.Mandarin
(Pinyin)
Cantonese (Jyutping)Cantonese
(Yale)
Meaning and uses
Chinese: biànbin3 pin3bin3 pin3the number of times an action has been completed, emphasizing the action's length and effort. e.g. ,
Chinese: Chinese: chǎng coeng4cheung4a length of an event taking place within another event. e.g. ,,(,)
Chinese: ci3chi3times (unlike Chinese: , Chinese: refers to the number of times regardless of whether or not it was completed). e.g. ,,,,(,,)
Chinese: Chinese: dùn deon6deun6actions without repetition. e.g. ,,(,)
Chinese: huí wui4wui4occurrences (used colloquially). e.g. ,,()
Chinese: Chinese: shēng seng1/sing1seng1/sing1cries, shouts, etc. e.g. ,,,(,)
Chinese: tàng tong3tong3trips, visitations, etc. e.g. ,,()
Chinese: xià haa5/haa6ha5/ha6brief and often sudden actions (much more common in Cantonese than in northern dialects). e.g. ,,,. also used as weakened injunctive mood. e.g. ,.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: MDBG Chinese-English Dictionary . 2022-10-08 . www.mdbg.net.
  2. Web site: MDBG Chinese-English Dictionary . 2022-10-08 . www.mdbg.net.
  3. Web site: MDBG Chinese-English Dictionary . 2022-10-08 . www.mdbg.net.
  4. Web site: MDBG Chinese-English Dictionary . 2022-10-08 . www.mdbg.net.