List of Charadriiformes by population explained

This is a list of Charadriiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields.

Charadriiformes (Charadrius being Latin for "plover") is the taxonomic order to which the waders, gulls, and auks belong. BirdLife International has assessed 352 species; 181 (51% of total species) have had their population estimated. Bird taxonomy is currently in a state of flux, much wider in scope than the complications arising from the realization that birds are dinosaurs, and a full scientific consensus on the division of orders has yet to be settled upon.[1] The Charadriiformes, for example, are grouped with the Ciconiiformes in the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy.[2] In the interest of standardization this article, along with the rest of the Wikipedia Bird Population lists, is split along the taxonomic system used by BirdLife, which is both the Earth's largest partnership of conservation organizations, and the assessment team for birds on the IUCN Red List.[3] [4] This is not an endorsement of any one taxonomic system, and it may change in the future as new relationships are brought to light.

A variety of methods are used for counting Charadriiformes. For example, the piping plover is subject to the quinquennial Piping Plover International Census, which is carried out in 9 Canadian provinces, 32 US states, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. In the 2006 survey, Saskatchewan alone had 159 volunteers scour 294 waterbodies.[5] [6] The mountain plover has had its nests counted through the drive transect method. Once density has been calculated, the numbers are extrapolated over a bird's range.[7] For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

Species which can no longer be included in a list of this nature include the Tahiti sandpiper, which was only recorded in 1777, and is suspected to have fallen prey to introduced egg-eating rats.[8] The same fate awaited the white-winged sandpiper.[9] The Canarian oystercatcher was reported vanished by 1940, believed to have been the result of overfishing of its sustenance.[10] The feathers of the great auk made excellent pillows, and egg collectors were so successful in their hobby that the last specimen in Britain was seen in 1840 on Stac an Armin, Scotland. This was beaten to death by three men believing it to be a witch.[11] [12]

The continued existence of some species has yet to be confirmed either way. The Javan lapwing, for example, has not had a confirmed sighting since 1940, but unconfirmed reports continue to give hope that the last individual has yet to die.[13] The last confirmed sightings of the Eskimo curlew were in the early 1980s, but scientists would rather not issue a formal declaration of extinction until surveying of all potential breeding locations is completed.[14] The slender-billed curlew (included in the list below) was considered "very common" in the early 1800s, rare by the early 1900s. The bird was recorded 103 times between 1980 and 1990, and 74 times between 1990 and 1999. The last confirmed recording of the slender-billed curlew was in April 2001.[15]

Critically Endangered means a species has experienced a decline of at least 80% in the past ten years or three generations, or is projected to decline that much over the same period of time.[16] A species' continued existence does not necessarily mean the bird can be salvaged, as it may have already passed the minimum viable population.

Species by global population

Common nameBinomial namedata-sort-type="number" width="15%"PopulationStatusTrendNotesImage
Javan lapwingVanellus macropterus0-49[17] CRLast confirmed sighted was in 1939.
Eskimo curlewNumenius borealis0-49[18] CRUnknownLast confirmed sighting in 1960s.
-Slender-billed curlew Numenius tenuirostris 1-49[19] No recent sightings; may be extinct.
Black stilt Himantopus novaezelandiae 1-49[20] CREstimate is for mature individuals only.
New Caledonian buttonquailTurnix novaecaledoniae1-49[21] CRUnknownMay be extinct. Last sighting was in early 1900s.
Buff-breasted buttonquailTurnix olivii1-250[22] CRUnknownBest estimate is 1-49 mature individuals. May be extinct; last verifiable sighting was in the 1920s.
Brown-chested lapwingVanellus superciliosus1-25,000[23] LCUnknownTentatively equal to 10,000-19,999. Wide estimate comes from uncertainty of threats to species.
Chinese crested tern Thalasseus bernsteini 30-49[24]
Jerdon's courser Rhinoptilus bitorquatus 70-400[25] CREqual to 50-249 mature individuals.
New Zealand ploverCharadrius obscurus120[26] CREqual to 60-80 mature individuals.
Shore dotterel Thinornis novaeseelandiae 170[27] Estimate for mature individuals only. Recent estimates found breeding populations to be 85 pairs.
Chatham oystercatcher Haematopus chathamensis 200-249[28] ENEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Spoon-billed sandpiperCalidris pygmaea240-620[29] CREstimate for mature individuals only. Best estimate is 490 mature individuals.
Plains-wandererPedionomus torquatus251-1,000; 5,000[30] ENMinimum and maximum estimates are for mature individuals only. There is much uncertainty regarding the estimate.
Australian painted-snipe Rostratula australis 270-410[31] Best estimate is of 340 mature individuals.
Saint Helena plover Charadrius sanctaehelenae 545[32] Estimate is exact count from a recent survey for mature individuals only.
Black-bellied ternSterna acuticauda900-1,100[33] ENEstimate for mature individuals only. Broader range of population estimated at 800–1,600. The estimate to the left is the best available. Species needs further study due to severe declines in population in recent decades.
Lava gull Larus fuliginosus 900-1,200[34] VUEqual to 600-800 mature individuals. May be an overestimate.
Madagascar jacana Actophilornis albinucha 975-2,064[35] ENEqual to 780–1,643 mature individuals.
Snares island snipeCoenocorypha huegeli1,000-1,500[36] NTEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Nordmann's greenshank Tringa guttifer 1,000-2,000[37] Equal to 600–1,300 mature individuals.
Peruvian tern Sternula lorata 1,000-2,499[38] Equal to 667–1,666 mature individuals.
Black-fronted tern Chlidonias albostriatus 1,000-5,000[39] Estimate for mature individuals only.
Andean lapwing Vanellus resplendens 1,000-10,000[40] LCEqual to 670–6,700 mature individuals.
Belcher's gull Larus belcheri 1,000-10,000[41] LC
Snowy-crowned tern Sterna trudeaui 1,000-10,000[42] LCEqual to 670–6,700 mature individuals.
Tawny-throated dotterelOreopholus ruficollis1,000-10,000[43] LCEqual to 670–6,700 mature individuals.
Long-billed ploverCharadrius placidus1,000-25,000[44] LCEqual to 670–17,000 mature individuals.
Tuamotu sandpiper Prosobonia parvirostris 1,300[45] ENMinimum estimate. Equal to 900 mature individuals.
Javan ploverCharadrius javanicus2,000-6,000[46] LCEqual to 1,333-4,000 mature individuals. Population size now considered to be larger.
Damara tern Sternula balaenarum 2,200-5,700[47] Estimate for mature individuals only.
Chilean skuaCatharacta chilensis2,500-9,999[48] LCEstimate for mature individuals only. Tentative estimate.
Fairy ternSternula nereis2,500-9,999[49] VUEstimate for mature individuals only.
Spot-breasted lapwingVanellus melanocephalus2,500-9,999[50] LCUnknownEstimate for mature individuals only. Tentative estimate.
Diademed plover Phegornis mitchellii 2,500-9,999[51] Equal to 1,667-6,666 mature individuals.
Fuegian snipe Gallinago stricklandii 2,500-9,999[52] NTEqual to 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.
Magellanic plover Pluvianellus socialis 2,500-9,999[53] NTEqual to 1,667-6,666 mature individuals.
Madagascar snipe Gallinago macrodactyla 2,500-9,999[54] VUEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Chatham snipe Coenocorypha pusilla 2,700-3,300[55] VUEqual to 1,800-2,200 mature individuals.
Madagascar plover Charadrius thoracicus 2,700-3,500[56] VUEqual to 1,800-2,300 mature individuals.
Black-breasted buttonquailTurnix melanogaster3,000-6,500[57] VUBest estimate is 4,800 mature individuals.
Kerguelen tern Sterna virgata 3,500-6,500[58] NTEqual to 2,300-4,300 mature individuals.
Sumba buttonquailTurnix everetti3,500-15,000[59] VUEqual to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.
Amami woodcock Scolopax mira 3,500-15,000[60] VUEqual to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.
Wood snipeGallinago nemoricola3,500-15,000[61] VUEqual to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.
Indian skimmer Rynchops albicollis 3,700-4,400[62] Equal to 2,450-2,900 mature individuals.
Variable oystercatcherHaematopus unicolor4,000-4,300[63] LCEstimate for mature individuals only.
Wrybill Anarhynchus frontalis 4,500-5,000[64] Equal to 3,000-3,300 mature individuals.
Madagascar pratincole Glareola ocularis 5,000-10,000[65] NTEqual to 3,300-6,700 mature individuals.
Yellow-wattled lapwing Vanellus malabaricus 5,000-10,000[66] Equal to 3,300-6,700 mature individuals.
Japanese murrelet Synthliboramphus wumizusume 5,200-9,400[67] Estimate for mature individuals only.
Beach thick-kneeEsacus magnirostris6,000[68] NTMature individuals are estimated at 4,000. Subpopulations include 5,000 in Australia, 1,000 in Melanesia islands, and 10–20 in New Caledonia.
White-fronted ternSterna striata6,120-25,120[69] NTEstimate is for mature individuals only. This estimate includes subspecies S. s. striata and S. s. aucklandorum.
African oystercatcher Haematopus moquini 6,670[70] Equal to 4,450 mature individuals.
Forbes's ploverCharadrius forbesi6,700-67,000[71] LCUnknown
Hooded ploverThinornis cucullatus7,000[72] VUEstimate for mature individuals only. Split up into two subspecies: 3,000 cucullatus and 4,000 tregellasi.
Guadalupe murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus 7,500[73] Equal to 5,000 mature individuals.
Black-winged lapwingVanellus melanopterus8,700-42,000[74] LCEstimate for mature individuals only.
Moluccan woodcockScolopax rochussenii9,530-19,059[75] VUEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Olrog's gull Larus atlanticus 9,800-15,600[76] NTEstimate for mature individuals only.
Bristle-thighed curlewNumenius tahitiensis10,000[77] NTEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Imperial snipe Gallinago imperialis 10,000[78] Preliminary minimum estimate. Equal to 6,700 mature individuals.
Bush thick-kneeBurhinus grallarius10,000-15,000[79] LCEstimate is for mature individuals only.
South polar skua Catharacta maccormicki 10,000-19,999[80] LCEqual to 6,000-15,000 mature individuals.
Grey-breasted seedsnipe Thinocorus orbignyianus 10,000-25,000[81] LCEqual to 6,700-17,000 mature individuals.
Malaysian plover Charadrius peronii 10,000-25,000[82] NTEqual to 6,700-17,000 mature individuals.
Wandering tattler Tringa incanus 10,000-25,000[83] LCEqual to 6,700-17,000 mature individuals.
Dolphin gull Larus scoresbii 10,000-28,000[84] LCEqual to 6,700-19,000 mature individuals.
Pacific gullLarus pacificus11,000[85] LC
Grey pratincole Glareola cinerea 11,000-35,000[86] LCUnknownEqual to 7,300-23,000 mature individuals.
Solitary snipe Gallinago solitaria 11,000-110,000[87] LCEqual to 7,300-73,000 mature individuals.
Piping plover Charadrius melodus 11,500-12,500[88] NTEqual to 7,600-8,400 mature individuals. Based on recent census data.
Craveri's murrelet Synthliboramphus craveri 12,000[89] Equal to 8,000 mature individuals.
Black-faced sheathbill Chionis minor 13,000-20,000[90] LCEqual to 8,700-13,000 mature individuals.
Senegal thick-kneeBurhinus senegalensis13,000-33,000[91] LCUnknownEstimate is for mature individuals only.
African skimmer Rynchops flavirostris 15,000-25,000[92] LCEqual to 10,000-17,000 mature individuals.
River lapwingVanellus duvaucelii15,000-29,999[93] NTDifficult to estimate. Equal to 10,000-19,999 mature individuals.
Relict gull Larus relictus 15,000-29,999[94] VUEqual to 10,000-19,999 mature individuals.
Scripps's murreletSynthliboramphus scrippsi15,000-30,000[95] VUEqual to 10,000-19,999 mature individuals.
Egyptian ploverPluvianus aegyptius15,000-57,000[96] LCEstimate for mature individuals only.
Sociable lapwing Vanellus gregarius 16,000-17,000[97] Population from extrapoplating estimation in Kazakhstan. Equal to 11,200 mature individuals.
Chestnut-banded plover Charadrius pallidus 17,500-22,500[98] LCEqual to 11,500-14,900 mature individuals. South African subpopulation estimated at 11,000-16,000 individuals.
Double-banded ploverCharadrius bicinctus19,000[99] NTEqual to 13,000 mature individuals.
Mountain plover Charadrius montanus 20,000[100] Estimate for mature individuals only.
Latham's snipe Gallinago hardwickii 20,000-39,000[101] NTEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Eastern curlew Numenius madagascariensis 20,000-49,999[102]
Auckland snipeCoenocorypha aucklandica20,000-49,999[103] NTEstimate is for mature individuals only.
White-tailed lapwingVanellus leucurus20,000-130,000[104] LCUnknownEuropean subpopulation estimated at 1,100-10,200 mature individuals.
Saunders's gull Saundersilarus saundersi 21,000-22,000[105] VUEqual to 14,400 mature individuals.
Asian dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus 23,000[106] NT
Buff-breasted sandpiperCalidris subruficollis23,000-84,000[107] NTEqual to 15,300-56,000 mature individuals.
Snowy ploverCharadrius nivosus24,000-31,000[108] NTEstimate for mature individuals only.
Grey gullLarus modestus25,000[109] LC
Long-toed stint Calidris subminuta 25,000[110] LCUnknownMinimum estimate.
White ternGygis alba25,000-49,999[111] LCEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Grey-headed lapwing Vanellus cinereus 25,000-100,000[112] LC
Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos 25,000-100,000[113] LC
Ross's gull Rhodostethia rosea 25,000-100,000[114] LCUnknownEqual to 15,000-70,000 mature individuals.
Swinhoe's snipe Gallinago megala 25,000-100,000[115] LCUnknown
Australian gull-billed ternGelochelidon macrotarsa25,000-100,000[116] LCUnknown
Slaty-backed gullLarus schistisagus25,000-1,000,000[117] LCUnknown
Blue noddy Anous ceruleus 27,000-120,000[118] LCPopulation combined with Anous albivitta.
Great skua Stercorarius skua 30,000-39,999[119] LCEstimate for mature individuals only.
River ternSterna aurantia30,000-100,000[120] VUEqual to 20,000-70,000 mature individuals.
Blackish oystercatcherHaematopus ater30,900-131,000[121] LCUnknownEqual to 20,900-87,300 mature individuals. Subspecies populations include H. a. ater at 22,000-120,000 individuals and H. a. bachmani at 8,900-87,300 individuals.
Aleutian tern Onychoprion aleuticus 31,000[122] Estimate for mature individuals only.
Greater painted-snipeRostratula benghalensis31,000-1,000,000[123] LCEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Audouin's gull Larus audouinii 33,000-46,000[124] Estimate is for mature individuals only.
Fynbos buttonquailTurnix hottentottus33,206-132,169[125] LCEqual to 22,248-88,553 mature individuals. Estimate calculated from population density and range of habitat.
Swallow-tailed gullCreagrus furcatus35,000[126] LCUnknownLast estimate was made in 1984.
Brown skua Catharacta antarctica 39,000-42,000[127] Equal to 26,000-28,000 mature individuals.
Caspian ploverCharadrius asiaticus40,000-55,000[128] LC
Grey-tailed tattler Tringa brevipes 44,000[129] Equal to 29,500 mature individuals.
Kittlitz's murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris 48,000-82,000[130] Equal to 32,000-55,000 mature individuals.
Red-wattled lapwingVanellus indicus50,000-60,000[131] LCUnknownEuropean subpopulation estimated at 100-200 mature individuals.
Long-billed curlew Numenius americanus 50,000-123,000[132] LC
Eurasian dotterel Eudromias morinellus 50,000-220,000[133] LC
Collared plover Charadrius collaris 50,000-499,999[134] Estimate for mature individuals only.
Magellanic snipeGallinago magellanica50,000-1,027,000[135] LCEstimate for mature individuals only.
Pintail snipeGallinago stenura50,000-2,000,000[136] LCUnknownEuropean subpopulation is 4,000-10,000 mature individuals.
Elegant ternThalasseus elegans51,000-90,000[137] NT
White-eyed gull Larus leucophthalmus 53,700-56,700[138] Equal to 35,800-37,800 mature individuals.
Ivory gull Pagophila eburnea 58,000-78,000[139] Equal to 38,000-52,000 mature individuals.
Yellow-footed gullLarus livens60,000[140] LCUnknownEqual to 40,000 mature individuals.
Sharp-tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminata 60,000-120,000[141] Best estimate is 73,000 mature individuals.
Armenian gullLarus armenicus68,000-110,000[142] LCEqual to 45,000-73,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation estimated at 44,400-71,800 mature individuals.
African three-branded ploverCharadrius tricollaris70,000-140,000[143] LCUnknown
Broad-billed sandpiper Limicola falcinellus 71 000 – 160 000[144]
Hudsonian godwitLimosa haemastica77,000[145] LCEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Broad-billed sandpiperCalidris falcinellus86,000-89,000[146] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 59,400-88,200 mature individuals.
Black-billed gullLarus bulleri90,000-121,000[147] NTUnknownEstimate for mature individuals only.
Little gull Larus minutus 97,000-270,000[148] European subpopulation estimated at 47,400-90,500 mature individuals.
Whiskered auklet Aethia pygmaea 100,000[149] LCMinimum estimate. Equal to 67,000 mature individuals.
Pheasant-tailed jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus 100,000[150] LCMinimum estimate.
Chestnut-backed buttonquailTurnix castanotus100,000[151] LCEqual to 50,000 mature individuals. This is a possible estimate- no real data to support these number.
Brown-headed gullLarus brunnicephalus100,000-200,000[152] LC
Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus 100,000-499,999[153] Preliminary estimate for mature individuals only.
Iceland gullLarus glaucoides100,000-499,999[154] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 150,000-300,000 individuals.
South American snipeGallinago paraguaiae100,000-499,999[155] LCTentative estimate for mature individuals only.
Red-legged kittiwake Rissa brevirostris 100,000-499,999[156] Estimate is for mature individuals only.
Grey-backed ternOnychoprion lunatus100,000-1,000,000[157] LC
Spotted redshank Tringa erythropus 110,000-270,000[158] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 41,000-108,000 mature individuals.
South island oystercatcherHaematopus finschi113,000[159] LCEqual to 50,000-99,999 mature individuals.
Western gullLarus occidentalis115,500-118,500[160] LC
Forster's ternSterna forsteri120,000[161] LC
Pallas's gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus 125,000-1,100,000[162]
Spur-winged lapwingVanellus spinosus130,000-800,000LC[163] European subpopulation estimated at 2,100-3,200 mature individuals.
Spectacled guillemot Cepphus carbo 140,000-148,000[164] LC
Solitary sandpiperTringa solitaria150,000[165] LC
Inca tern Larosterna inca 150,000[166] NTMinimum estimate.
Semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus 150,000[167] Minimum estimate.
Black-winged pratincole Glareola nordmanni 150,000-190,000[168] NTEstimate for mature individuals only.
Sooty gullLarus hemprichii150,000-300,000[169] LC
Greater sand plover Charadrius leschenaultii 150,000-340,000[170] Equal to 100,000-225,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation estimated at 1,200-2,000 mature individuals.
Greater crested tern Thalasseus bergii 150,000-1,100,000[171] LC
Oriental plover Charadrius veredus 160,000[172] Unknown
Rock sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis 160,000-170,000[173] LC
Collared pratincoleGlareola pratincola160,000-600,000[174] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 15,700-29,900 mature individuals.
Terek sandpiper Xenus cinereus 160,000-1,200,000[175] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 30,900-101,000 mature individuals.
Temminck's stintCalidris temminckii165,000-1,255,000[176] LCUnknownEqual to 110,000-850,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation is 116,000-333,000 mature individuals.
Little curlew Numenius minutus 180,000[177] Minimum estimate.
Pacific golden plover Pluvialis fulva 190,000-250,000[178]
Little tern Sternula albifrons 190,000-410,000[179] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 71,900-106,000 mature individuals.
Roseate tern Sterna dougallii 200,000-220,000[180] Unknown European subpopulation estimated at 4,500-5,800 mature individuals.
Purple sandpiperCalidris maritima200,000-299,999[181] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 113,000-166,000 mature individuals.
American golden plover Pluvialis dominica 200,000[182] Minimum estimate.
Pigeon guillemot Cepphus columba 235,000[183]
Mediterranean gullLarus melanocephalus236,000-650,000[184] LCEstimate for mature individuals only.
Caspian tern Sterna caspia 250,000-470,000[185] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 23,600-29,600 mature individuals.
Long-tailed jaegerStercorarius longicaudus250,000-749,999[186] LCPreliminary estimate for mature individuals. European subpopulation estimated at 39,700-106,000 mature individuals.
South American ternSterna hirundinacea250,000-1,000,000[187] LC
Bonaparte's gullLarus philadelphia255,000-525,000[188] LC
Marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis 260,000-1,200,000[189] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 24,100-60,600 mature individuals.
Slender-billed gullLarus genei280,000-345,000[190] LCUnknownEqual to 180,000-230,000 mature individuals. Revised estimate after taking European population into account. European subpopulation estimated at 107,550-172,500 individuals, or 71,700-115,000 mature individuals.
Pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta 280,000-470,000[191] LCUnknownEuropean subpopulation estimated at 117,000-149,000 mature individuals.
Little ringed plover Charadrius dubius 280,000-530,000[192] European subpopulation estimated at 269,000-524,000 mature individuals.
Great knot Calidris tenuirostris 292,000-295,000[193]
Baird's sandpiper Calidris bairdii 300,000[194] LCMinimum estimate. European subpopulation estimated at 1,000-2,000 mature individuals.
Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida 300,000-1,500,000[195] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 133,000-215,000 mature individuals.
Lesser sand plover Charadrius mongolus 310,000-390,000[196] Unknown
Great snipeGallinago media310,000-570,000[197] NTEqual to 204,000-379,000 mature individuals.
Red-necked stint Calidris ruficollis 315,000[198] Unknown
Sabine's gull Xema sabini 340,000[199] LCMinimum estimate is for mature individuals only. European subpoluation estimated at 2,100-4,100 mature individuals.
Heermann's gullLarus heermanni350,000[200] NTUnknownEstimate for mature individuals only.
Marbled murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus 350,000-420,000[201] ENEqual to 240,000-280,000 mature individuals. Estimate comes from individual estimates in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California.
Eurasian stone-curlew Burhinus oedicnemus 360,000-589,999[202] LCPreliminary estimate for mature individuals only. Europe subpopulation is estimated at 107,000-176,000 mature individuals.
Lesser yellowlegsTringa flavipes400,000[203] LCEqual to 270,000 mature individuals.
Long-billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus 400,000[204] LCUnknownMinimum estimate.
Pomarine jaegerStercorarius pomarinus400,000[205] LCPreliminary estimate for mature individuals only. European subpopulation estimated at 40,000 mature individuals.
Arctic jaegerStercorarius parasiticus400,000-560,000[206] LCPreliminary estimate for mature individuals only. European subpopulation estimated at 79,800-112,000 mature individuals.
Glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus 400,000-1,500,000[207] European subpopulation estimated at 93,000-270,000 mature individuals.
Common ringed ploverCharadrius hiaticula415,000-1,400,000[208] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 280,000-426,000 mature individuals.
Common greenshankTringa nebularia440,000-1,500,000[209] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 197,000-405,000 mature individuals.
Black guillemot Cepphus grylle 400,000-1,499,999[210] LCUnknownFor mature individuals only. Very preliminary estimate based on a European subpopulation of 304,000-742,000 mature individuals.
American herring gullLarus smithsonianus430,000-520,000[211] LC
Black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus 450,000-780,000[212] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 108,000-151,000 mature individuals.
American avocetRecurvirostra americana460,000[213] LCEstimate for mature individuals only.
Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres 460,000-730,000[214] LCEqual to 300,000-500,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation estimated at 71,800-154,000 mature individuals.
Sandwich ternThalasseus sandvicensis490,000-640,000[215] LCEqual to 325,000-430,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation estimated at 160,000-295,000 mature individuals.
Great black-backed gullLarus marinus500,000-999,999[216] LCUnknownEuropean subpopulation estimated at 360,000-400,000 individuals.
Double-striped thick-knee Burhinus bistriatus 500,000-4,999,999[217] LCEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Eurasian oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus 500,000-999,999[218]
Northern jacana Jacana spinosa 500,000-4,999,999[219] LCUnknownEstimate for mature individuals only.
Glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens 570,000[220] LCMinimum estimate.
White-cheeked ternSterna repressa600,000[221] LCEqual to 400,000 mature individuals.
Bridled tern Sterna anaethetus 610,000-1,500,000[222] Unknown Equal to 400,000-1,000,000 mature individuals.
Black-tailed godwitLimosa limosa614,000-809,999[223] NT
Sanderling Calidris alba 620,000-700,000[224] Unknown European subpopulation is 50,100-100,000 mature individuals.
California gullLarus californicus621,000[225] LC
Grey plover Pluvialis squatarola 738,000-935,000[226] LCEqual to 490,000-630,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation is 10,000-20,000 mature individuals.
Upland sandpiperBartramia longicauda750,000[227] LCEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Black ternChlidonias niger800,000-1,750,000[228] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 149,000-308,000 mature individuals.
Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata 835,000-1,310,000[229]
Red knot Calidris canutus 891,000-979,000[230] Minimum estimate.
Lesser black-backed gullLarus fuscus940,000-2,070,000[231] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 1,200,000-1,400,000 individuals.
Razorbill Alca torda 979,000-1,020,000[232]
African jacana Actophilornis africanus 1,000,000[233] LC
Killdeer Charadrius vociferus 1,000,000[234] LC
Jack snipe Lymnocryptes minimus 1 000 000[235] Minimum estimate.
Franklin's gullLarus pipixcan1,000,000-1,490,000[236] LC
Ancient murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus 1,000,000-2,000,000[237] LC
Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus 1,000,000-2,300,000[238] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 687,000-805,000 mature individuals.
Common redshank Tringa totanus 1,000,000-3,499,999[239] Unknown European subpopulation estimated at 680,000-968,000 mature individuals.
Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea 1,085,000-1,285,000 [240]
Bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica 1,099,000-1,149,000[241]
Black-tailed gull Larus crassirostris 1,100,000[242] LCMinimum estimate.
Horned puffin Fratercula corniculata 1,200,000[243] LCMinimum estimate. Equal to 800,000 mature individuals.
Lesser noddy Anous tenuirostris 1,200,000[244] LCMinimum estimate.
Brown noddy Anous stolidus 1,200,000-2,100,000[245] Equal to 800,000-1,400,000 mature individuals.
Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus 1,200,000-3,600,000[246] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 1,230,000-2,100,000 mature individuals.
Black noddyAnous minutus1,300,000[247] LCEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata 1,300,000[248] LCMinimum estimate.
European golden-plover Pluvialis apricaria 1,300,000-1,750,000[249] European subpopulation estimated at 1,890,000-2,600,000 individuals.
Red phalaropePhalaropus fulicarius1,300,000-2,999,999[250] LCUnknownEuropean subpopulation estimated at 1,100-3,400 mature individuals.
Parakeet auklet Aethia psittacula 1,400,000[251] Estimate for mature individuals only.
Little stint Calidris minuta 1,500,000-1,600,000[252] LCEqual to 1,000,000-1,100,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation is 96,400-152,000 mature individuals.
RuffCalidris pugnax1,500,000-9,999,999[253] LCPreliminary estimate based on European population.
European herring gull Larus argentatus 1,590,000-1,830,000[254] Equal to 1,060,000-1,220,000 mature individuals.
Common tern Sterna hirundo 1,600,000-3,600,000[255] LCUnknown
Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea 2,000,000[256] LCMinimum estimate. European subpopulation estimated at 1,130,000-1,810,000 mature individuals.
Wilson's snipeGallinago delicata2,000,000[257] LCEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla 2,200,000[258] NT
Common gull Larus canus 2,500,000-3,700,000[259] LCUnknownEuropean subpopulation estimated at 1,280,000-2,160,000 mature individuals.
Ring-billed gullLarus delawarensis2,550,000[260] LC
Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 2,600,000-3,200,000[261] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 1,590,000-2,920,000 mature individuals.
Oriental pratincole Glareola maldivarum 2,900,000-3,000,000[262] LC
Wood sandpiper Tringa glareola 3,100,000-3,500,000[263] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 1,530,000-3,040,000 mature individuals.
White-winged tern Chlidonias leucopterus 3,100,000-4,000,000[264] European subpopulation estimated at 133,000-347,000 mature individuals.
Kelp gull Larus dominicanus 3,300,000-4,300,000[265] LC
Tufted puffin Fratercula cirrhata 3,500,000[266] LCMinimum estimate. Equal to 2,300,000 mature individuals.
American woodcockScolopax minor3,500,000[267] LCEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Red-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus 3,600,000-4,500,000[268] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 590,000-1,280,000 mature individuals.
Dunlin Calidris alpina 4,300,000-6,799,999[269] LCEuropean subpopulation is 853,000-1,120,000 mature individuals.
Black-headed gull Larus ridibundus 4,800,000-8,900,000[270] LCUnknownEuropean subpopulation estimated at 4,000,000-5,970,000 individuals, or 2,670,000-3,980,000 mature individuals.
Wattled jacanaJacana jacana5,000,000-50,000,000[271] LCEstimate for mature individuals only.
Southern lapwingVanellus chilensis5,000,000-50,000,000[272] LCEstimate is for mature individuals only.
Cassin's aukletPtychoramphus aleuticus5,400,000[273] NTEqual to 3,600,000 mature individuals.
Northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus 5,600,000-10,500,000[274] European subpopulation estimate is 3,190,000-5,170,000 mature individuals.
Crested auklet Aethia cristatella 8,200,000[275] LCMinimum estimate. Equal to 5,500,000 mature individuals.
Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola 10,000,000-26,000,000[276] LCEuropean subpopulation equals 13,800,000-17,400,000 mature individuals.
Atlantic puffinFratercula arctica12,000,000-14,000,000[277] VUFor mature individuals only. European subpopulation estimated at 9,550,000-11,600,000 mature individuals.
Black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla 14,600,000-15,700,000[278] European subpopulation estimated at 3,460,000-4,410,000 mature individuals.
Common snipe Gallinago gallinago 15,000,000-29,000,000[279] Preliminary estimate for mature individuals only.
Little auk Alle alle 16,000,000-36,000,000[280] LCEuropean subpopulation estimated at 9,200,000-82,000,000 mature individuals, therefore the global population is likely larger.
Common murre Uria aalge 18,000,000[281] LCMinimum estimate. European subpopulation estimated at 2,350,000-3,060,000 mature individuals.
Least aukletAethia pusilla20,000,000[282] LCEstimate for mature individuals only.
Thick-billed murreUria lomvia22,000,000[283] LCMinimum estimate. European subpopulation estimated at 1,920,000-2,840,000 mature individuals. Russian subpopulation estimated at 10,000-1,000,000 breeding pairs.
Sooty tern Onychoprion fuscatus 35,000,000[284] Unknown Equal to 23,000,000 mature individuals.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Aves—A Taxonomy in Flux 2.11 : Modern Birds . 2012-12-24 . Boyd . John H. . . 25 November 2008.
  2. Web site: Sibley's Sequence : Based on DNA hybridization comparisons by Charles Gald Sibley - Burt L. Monroe, Jr. . 2012-12-24 . 2013-11-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131111062926/http://www.scricciolo.com/classificazione/sequence.htm . dead .
  3. Web site: About BirdLife . 2012-12-24 . 2012 . BirdLife International.
  4. Web site: Birds on the IUCN Red List . 2012-12-24 . 2012 . BirdLife International.
  5. Web site: 2011 International Piping Plover Census: Study Description . 2012-12-24 . Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center . United States Geological Survey.
  6. Web site: Positive Piping Plover Count . 2012-12-24 . 6 Nov 2006 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130506183411/http://www.environment.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=73d2c0ca-c031-4ca5-81f4-5b5b9a2f3dc8 . 2013-05-06 .
  7. Web site: Mountain plover survey guidelines - Wyoming . 2012-12-24 . March 2002 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130602134349/http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/wy/field-offices/newcastle/wildlife/docs.Par.53483.File.dat/SurveyProtocols.pdf . 2013-06-02 .
  8. Web site: Prosobonia leucoptera . 2012-12-23 . . 2012 . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 . .
  9. Web site: Prosobonia ellisi . 2012-12-23 . . 2012 . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 . .
  10. Web site: Haematopus meadewaldoi . 2012-12-23 . . 2012 . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 . .
  11. Book: Gaskell, Jeremy. Who Killed the Great Auk? . Oxford UP . 2000 . 142 . 978-0-19-856478-2.
  12. Web site: Pinguinus impennis . 2012-12-23 . . 2012 . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 . .
  13. Web site: Vanellus macropterus . 2012-12-23 . . 2012 . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 . .
  14. Web site: Numenius borealis . 2012-12-23 . . 2012 . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 . .
  15. Web site: Numenius tenuirostris . 2012-12-23 . . 2012 . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121112050611/http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003011/0 . 2012-11-12 .
  16. Web site: V. THE CRITERIA FOR CRITICALLY ENDANGERED, ENDANGERED AND VULNERABLE . 2012-12-23 . . 2001.
  17. IUCN . 2019-08-09 . Vanellus macropterus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22693962A156373575 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22693962a156373575.en. 243557967 . free .
  18. IUCN . 2020-08-31 . Numenius borealis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22693170A178901365 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22693170a178901365.en. free .
  19. IUCN . 2018-08-15 . Numenius tenuirostris: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22693185A131111201 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22693185a131111201.en. free .
  20. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Himantopus novaezelandiae: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22693690A129560535 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22693690a129560535.en. free .
  21. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Turnix novaecaledoniae: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22734789A95096865 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22734789a95096865.en. free .
  22. IUCN . 2021-11-18 . Turnix olivii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T22680572A210960314 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t22680572a210960314.en. free .
  23. IUCN . 2021-01-22 . Vanellus superciliosus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22694048A195046264 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22694048a195046264.en. 245155907 . free .
  24. IUCN . 2018-08-07 . Thalasseus bernsteini: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694585A131118818 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694585a131118818.en. 240335492 . free .
  25. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Rhinoptilus bitorquatus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22694103A117189206 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22694103a117189206.en. free .
  26. IUCN . 2017-10-01 . Charadrius obscurus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T62290750A126893184 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t62290750a126893184.en. free .
  27. 2012-05-01 . Thinornis novaeseelandiae: BirdLife International . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2012-1.rlts.t22693899a38785140.en . free .
  28. 2016-10-01 . Haematopus chathamensis: BirdLife International . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693656a93417196.en . free .
  29. IUCN . 2021-06-23 . Calidris pygmaea: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22693452A154738156 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22693452a154738156.en. free .
  30. IUCN . 2022-01-07 . Pedionomus torquatus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T22693049A212570062 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t22693049a212570062.en. free .
  31. 2012-05-01 . Rostratula australis: BirdLife International . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2012-1.rlts.t22735692a37891619.en . free .
  32. IUCN . 2020-07-13 . Charadrius sanctaehelenae: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22693785A179182366 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22693785a179182366.en. 245185723 . free .
  33. 2012-05-01 . Sterna acuticauda: BirdLife International . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2012-1.rlts.t22694711a38887748.en . free .
  34. IUCN . 2018-08-17 . Larus fuliginosus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694452A132552501 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694452a132552501.en. 240294371 . free .
  35. IUCN . 2020-04-17 . Actophilornis albinucha: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22693532A173128661 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22693532a173128661.en. free .
  36. 2014-07-24 . Coenocorypha huegeli: BirdLife International . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2014-2.rlts.t22727509a40805972.en . free .
  37. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Tringa guttifer: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693225A93391729 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693225a93391729.en. free .
  38. IUCN . 2018-08-07 . Sternula lorata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22694685A155621597 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22694685a155621597.en. free .
  39. 2012-05-01 . Chlidonias albostriatus: BirdLife International . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2012-1.rlts.t22694750a38896922.en . free .
  40. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Vanellus resplendens: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22694078A93437324 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22694078a93437324.en. free .
  41. IUCN . 2018-08-08 . Larus belcheri: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694282A132538076 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694282a132538076.en. 240294822 . free .
  42. IUCN . 2018-08-07 . Sterna trudeaui: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694651A132565263 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694651a132565263.en. 240350690 . free .
  43. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Oreopholus ruficollis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693921A93430118 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693921a93430118.en. free .
  44. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Charadrius placidus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693767A93421626 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693767a93421626.en. free .
  45. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Prosobonia parvirostris: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T62289271A95194072 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t62289271a95194072.en. free .
  46. IUCN . 2020-09-23 . Charadrius javanicus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22693839A185618684 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22693839a185618684.en. 245200247 . free .
  47. IUCN . 2021-01-27 . Sternula balaenarum: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22694699A179473845 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22694699a179473845.en. free .
  48. IUCN . 2018-08-07 . Catharacta chilensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694210A132533346 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694210a132533346.en. free .
  49. IUCN . 2018-08-07 . Sternula nereis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694691A132568135 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694691a132568135.en. 240350685 . free .
  50. IUCN . 2021-01-22 . Vanellus melanocephalus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22694005A195043169 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22694005a195043169.en. 245168838 . free .
  51. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Phegornis mitchellii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693931A93430667 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693931a93430667.en. free .
  52. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Gallinago stricklandii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693127A93385342 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693127a93385342.en. free .
  53. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Pluvianellus socialis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693570A93413261 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693570a93413261.en. free .
  54. IUCN . 2021-02-10 . Gallinago macrodactyla: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22693107A196446398 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22693107a196446398.en. 245158981 . free .
  55. 2013-11-01 . Coenocorypha pusilla: BirdLife International . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2013-2.rlts.t22693137a48118287.en . free .
  56. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Charadrius thoracicus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693780A93422870 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693780a93422870.en. free .
  57. IUCN . 2021-12-13 . Turnix melanogaster: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T22680556A211931315 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t22680556a211931315.en. free .
  58. IUCN . 2018-08-07 . Sterna virgata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694641A132564557 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694641a132564557.en. 240333165 . free .
  59. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Turnix everetti: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22680592A110139877 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-1.rlts.t22680592a110139877.en. free .
  60. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Scolopax mira: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693056A93381144 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693056a93381144.en. free .
  61. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Gallinago nemoricola: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22693082A117048348 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22693082a117048348.en. free .
  62. IUCN . 2020-07-09 . Rynchops albicollis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22694268A178970109 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22694268a178970109.en. 240940269 . free .
  63. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Haematopus unicolor: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693651A93417021 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693651a93417021.en. free .
  64. IUCN . 2018-08-07 . Anarhynchus frontalis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22693928A131876706 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22693928a131876706.en. 240335959 . free .
  65. IUCN . 2020-07-27 . Glareola ocularis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22694140A180116686 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22694140a180116686.en. 245212258 . free .
  66. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Vanellus malabaricus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693959A93431644 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693959a93431644.en.
  67. IUCN . 2018-08-07 . Synthliboramphus wumizusume: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694899A132580332 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694899a132580332.en. 240342017 . free .
  68. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Esacus magnirostris: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22728621A94992570 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22728621a94992570.en. free .
  69. IUCN . 2018-08-07 . Sterna striata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22694607A155620380 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22694607a155620380.en. free .
  70. IUCN . 2020-08-12 . Haematopus moquini: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22693627A181606594 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22693627a181606594.en. 245208417 . free .
  71. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Charadrius forbesi: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693807A93424175 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693807a93424175.en. free .
  72. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Thinornis cucullatus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693883A93429190 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693883a93429190.en. free .
  73. IUCN . 2018-08-07 . Synthliboramphus hypoleucus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T62101215A132673655 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t62101215a132673655.en. 240299226 . free .
  74. IUCN . 2016-10-01 . Vanellus melanopterus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22694038A93435105 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22694038a93435105.en. free .
  75. IUCN . 2021-06-28 . Scolopax rochussenii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22693068A203897409 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22693068a203897409.en. 245163810 . free .
  76. IUCN . 2018-08-08 . Larus atlanticus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694286A132538305 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694286a132538305.en. free .
  77. IUCN . 2020-08-10 . Numenius tahitiensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22693182A181357867 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22693182a181357867.en. 240823958 . free .
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  80. 2018-08-07 . Catharacta maccormicki: BirdLife International . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694218a132533643.en. 240298738 . free .
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  193. Web site: Calidris tenuirostris . 2012-12-05 . . 2012 . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 . .
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