Ethnic origins of people in Canada explained

According to the 2021 Canadian census, over 450 "ethnic or cultural origins" were self-reported by Canadians. The major panethnic origin groups in Canada are: European, North American, Asian, North American Indigenous, African, Latin, Central and South American, Caribbean, Oceanian, and Other .[1] Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%.

The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were Canadian (accounting for 15.6 percent of the population), followed by English (14.7 percent), Irish (12.1 percent), Scottish (12.1 percent), French (11.0 percent), German (8.1 percent), Chinese (4.7 percent), Italian (4.3 percent), Indian (3.7 percent), and Ukrainian (3.5 percent).[2] [1]

Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 25.4 million reported being White, representing 69.8 percent of the population. The indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021.[3] One out of every four Canadians or 26.5 percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority,[4] the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1 percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7 percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3 percent).[5]

Between 2011 and 2016, the visible minority population rose by 18.4 percent.[6] In 1961, less than two percent of Canada's population (about 300,000 people) were members of visible minority groups.[7] The 2021 census indicated that 8.3 million people, or almost one-quarter (23.0 percent) of the population reported themselves as being or having been a landed immigrant or permanent resident in Canada—above the 1921 census previous record of 22.3 percent.[8] In 2021, India, China, and the Philippines were the top three countries of origin for immigrants moving to Canada.[9]

Statistics Canada report on race and ethnicity in Canada in 2022

The 2020 General Social Survey revealed that 92% of adult Canadians said that "[ethnic] diversity is a Canadian value". About 25% of Canadians were "racialized";[5] By 2021, 23% of the Canadian population were immigrantsthe "largest proportion since Confederation", according to Statistics Canada.[10] [11] Prior to the early 1970s, most new Canadians came from Europe. Since then, more immigrants have come from Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.[10] In 2021, most immigrants came from Asia, which includes the Middle East.[10] About 25% of Canadians were "racialized";[5] By 2021, almost 5% of Canadians self-identify as Muslim.[5] [11] Almost a million Canadians self-identified as Indigenous.[11]

Data collection method

Listed below are the ethnic groups of Canadian residents (citizens, landed immigrants and non-citizen temporary residents) as self-identified in the 2016 census in which approximately 35,151,000 census forms were completed). The relevant census question asked for "the ethnic or cultural origins" of the respondent's ancestors and not the respondents themselves.As data were collected by self-declaration, ethnic groups may not necessarily correspond to the true ancestry of respondents.[12] Many respondents acknowledged multiple ancestries. These people were added to the "multiple origin" total for each origin listed. These include responses as varied as a respondent who listed eight different origins and a respondent who answered "French Canadian" (leading to them being counted once for "French" and once for "Canadian"). As with all self-reported data, understanding of the question may have varied from respondent to respondent.

Larger ethnic origins (200,000 or more individuals per group; 2016 census)

Ethnicity[13] Combined
responses		As single
response		One of multiple
responses
Canadian11,135,9656,436,9404,699,030
English6,320,0851,098,9305,221,150
Scottish4,799,010475,5754,323,430
French4,670,5951,006,1803,664,415
Irish4,627,000457,9054,169,095
German3,322,405569,6502,752,750
Chinese1,769,1951,439,980329,215
Italian1,587,970695,420892,550
First Nations1,525,565526,570999,000
Indian1,374,7101,096,845277,865
Ukrainian1,359,655273,8101,085,845
Dutch1,111,655289,675821,980
Polish1,106,585264,415842,170
Filipino837,130651,390185,740
British Isles,
not included elsewhere		644,695132,830511,865
Russian622,445120,165502,280
Métis600,00091,255508,740
Portuguese482,610264,815217,790
Welsh474,80525,190449,615
Norwegian463,27535,905427,370
Spanish396,46070,330326,130
American377,41029,590347,810
Swedish349,64021,775327,870
Hungarian (Magyar)348,08583,400264,685
Jamaican309,485161,495147,995
Greek271,405141,580129,830
Vietnamese240,615165,38575,225
Romanian238,05096,910141,145
Lebanese219,555130,59088,965
Pakistani215,555156,30059,255
African,
not included elsewhere		212,00576,790135,210
Iranian210,405170,75539,650
Danish207,47026,985180,485
Austrian207,05020,225186,820

Smaller ethnic origins (2016 census)

EthnicityCombined
responses		As single
response		One of multiple
responses
per respondent
Korean198,210177,92020,285
Québécois194,555119,98574,575
Belgian186,66531,765154,895
Haitian165,100125,78039,320
Swiss155,12025,235129,885
Sri Lankan152,590114,12038,475
Jewish143,66039,710103,950
Finnish143,64525,875117,765
Croatian133,96555,59578,370
Mexican128,48054,30074,180
Japanese121,48556,72564,760
Acadian119,67022,98096,690
Punjabi,
not included elsewhere		118,40071,53546,860
Arab,
not included elsewhere		111,40573,33038,070
Czech104,58523,25081,330
Moroccan103,94572,62531,320
Icelandic101,7958,63093,165
Egyptian99,14062,91036,230
Serbian96,53552,73043,800
Colombian96,32569,04027,285
Guyanese84,27530,82553,445
Afghan83,99570,24013,755
Inuit79,13044,76034,37
Trinidadian/Tobagonian78,96523,90055,065
Syrian77,05043,68533,36
South Asian,
not included elsewhere		76,40055,44520,955
Slovak72,29020,47551,815
Iraqi70,92554,55516,365
West Indian70,27530,26040,010
European,
not included elsewhere		67,89533,36034,53
Algerian67,33049,52017,810
Salvadorean66,21540,51025,705
Turk63,95529,88534,070
Armenian63,81034,56029,250
Somali62,55054,7507,790
Lithuanian59,28511,18548,095
Scandinavian,
not included elsewhere		52,7855,08547,695
Nigerian51,83538,16513,670
Tamil
not included elsewhere		48,67022,14526,525
Bangladeshi58,73545,94539,255
Chilean45,19018,68526,510
Palestinian44,82025,19519,630
Ethiopian44,06034,2609,805
Macedonian43,11018,40524,705
Australian42,3154,52037,800
Peruvian42,14520,64521,500
Maltese41,91512,82029,100
South African41,3808,00533,37
Czechoslovakian,
not otherwise specified		40,7155,07535,640
Slovenian40,47013,69026,78
Cambodian38,49021,44517,045
Yugoslav
not included elsewhere		38,4808,57029,91
Congolese38,37029,6758,685
Barbadian37,77511,60526,170
Berber37,06022,96514,100
Brazilian36,83011,03525,795
Taiwanese36,51523,26013,250
Albanian36,18528,4257,760
Ghanaian35,49526,5358,960
Bulgarian34,56019,96514,595
Latvian30,7257,04023,685
Black30,3855,53524,855
Cuban29,06510,04019,030
Israeli28,7406,45022,280
Latin, Central or South American,
not included elsewhere		28,45514,29514,155
Caribbean,
not included elsewhere		26,8308,93017,900
Bosnian26,74015,61011,125
Venezuelan26,34510,30516,040
Guatemalan26,27013,90512,370
Tunisian25,65017,6208,030
Ecuadorian25,41013,92511,485
West Asian,
not included elsewhere		25,28513,43011,855
Eritrean25,25520,6254,630
Cameroonian24,61520,6054,010
Laotian24,58013,37511,205
Estonian24,5306,15518,375
Dominican23,1309,93013,200
Bengali22,90518,4354,470
Asian,
not otherwise specified		22,74015,7606,980
Aboriginal from Central/South America22,7202,08020,645
Newfoundlander22,2154,89517,325
Indonesian21,3954,77516,615
Belarusian20,7105,12515,585
Argentinian20,6804,16516,510
Eastern European,
not included elsewhere		20,4205,87514,545
Sudanese19,96015,2504,710
Fijian19,3708,27011,105
Thai19,0057,74011,265
Grenadian17,9157,51510,400
Vincentian/Grenadinian17,4257,24510,180
East African17,3057,22010,085
Nepali17,13513,6953,440
Malaysian16,9202,55514,365
Kurdish16,32010,4705,845
New Zealander15,3951,30014,095
Central and West African origins,
not included elsewhere		15,3807,8007,585
Moldovan14,9157,4157,505
Jordanian14,2507,9556,295
Assyrian13,8308,8704,960
Nicaraguan13,7056,3607,350
Breton11,8453,2308,615
Flemish11,6851,48510,200
Hispanic11,0505,6605,395
Burundian10,9908,9652,025
Ivoirean10,9357,7953,140
Kenyan10,9155,4455,465
Rwandan10,7758,0802,690
Honduran10,6505,3255,325
Senegalese10,1756,4903,685
Yoruba9,5856,8702,715
Burmese9,3354,6604,675
Mauritanian9,3253,5205,805
St. Lucian8,9854,0404,945
Gujarati8,3505,2903,060
Zimbabwean8,0904,9453,140
Tibetan8,0407,0151,030
Libyan7,7455,7551,985
Mongolian7,4802,5554,925
Sinhalese7,2854,3552,930
Guinean7,2404,7052,540
Basque6,9707156,250
Sicilian6,9401,3455,600
Saudi Arabian6,8104,2002,615
Uruguayan6,7951,8104,985
Yemeni6,6402,9403,700
East or Southeast Asian,
not included elsewhere		6,5054,2352,270
Azerbaijani6,4252,2804,145
Maya6,2901,1805,105
Manx6,1252855,845
North African,
not included elsewhere		6,1152,9053,210
Goan6,0702,0404,030
Ugandan5,7053,2452,460
Cypriot5,6501,2654,385
Costa Rican5,5352,1403,395
Igbo5,3203,4751,845
Togolese5,3003,0952,205
Bolivian5,0551,8903,160
Beninese4,9902,6502,340
Slavic,
not otherwise specified		4,8701,4703,400
Tatar4,8258803,940
Pashtun4,8102,2452,565
Georgian4,7751,9002,875
Yakut4,7611,8862,875
Tanzanian4,7101,8352,875
Panamanian4,7001,0903,610
Roma (Gypsy)4,6307453,895
Frisian4,5907953,790
Karen4,5153,835680
Antiguan4,5051,2753,225
Malagasy4,5002,1552,345
Malian4,4852,3102,180
Paraguayan4,3256703,660
Montenegrin4,1659153,245
Bantu,
not otherwise specified		3,9652,3151,645
Uzbek3,9201,7302,190
Luxembourger3,9154403,475
Bahamian3,6708102,860
Bhutanese3,6002,4401,160
Channel Islander3,5904353,155
Coptic3,5351,4902,040
Puerto Rican3,4104452,960
Western European origins,
not included elsewhere		3,3708402,530
Oromo3,3552,410945
Kazakh3,3251,4651,860
Hawaiian3,2951203,175
Burkinabe3,1551,9801,165
Kashmiri3,1151,0952,020
Bermudan3,0753102,765
Carib3,0351302,905
Angolan2,9551,1401,820
Kittitian/Nevisian2,9207502,165
Tajik2,9101,2401,665
Kosovar2,8701,7101,160
Singaporean2,8504952,355
Alsatian2,8003752,425
Sierra Leonean2,6201,5801,040
Maori2,5001552,345
Liberian2,4851,520965
Peulh2,4401,4251,015
Pacific Islands origins,
not included elsewhere		2,3354701,865
Kuwaiti2,2351,0801,155
Southern European origins,
not included elsewhere		2,1654401,730
Tigrian2,1551,340810
Martinican2,0053701,635
Cornish1,9701201,855
Akan1,9551,235720
Edo1,9451,180765
Other North American origins,
not included elsewhere		1,8956551,240
Afrikaner1,8702801,595
Zambian1,8651,055805
Chadian1,8451,185655
Belizean1,7552501,505
Corsican1,7501651,590
Djiboutian1,710980730
Ashanti1,585765825
Uighur1,5551,010540
Amhara1,530710820
Samoan1,5301501,375
Hazara1,515585930
Arawak1,440551,385
Gabonese1,405595820
Seychellois1,285575710
Catalan1,2752001,075
Maure1,190400790
Guadeloupean1,130245885
Malinké1,120675455
Polynesian,
not otherwise specified		1,105901,015
Kyrgyz1,060580475
Turkmen1,040390655
Gambian975580395
Zulu945285660
Bavarian94050890
Montserratian935190745
Dinka900585320
Ewe845320525
Wolof835465375
Hmong810585220
Harari660395265
100100100

Evolution from 1871 to 1921

During the fifty-year period beginning from the first census of independent Canada in 1871 until the census of 1921, the national ethnic composition was multicultural, however in the early period was dominated by four origin groups from western and northern Europe: French, English, Irish, and Scottish. Following the French and British Isles origin groups, Continental European communities were the largest in Canada, and grew fairly rapidly between the 1901 census and the 1921 census. Nominally small East Asian, South Asian, West Asian, and West African descended communities also existed during this time period.

The ethnic French population, comprising a plurality of the total population from confederation until just prior to the 1921 census, overwhelmingly relied on natural increase for growth, with progeny stemming from early settlers who arrived throughout the 17th and 18th centuries; migration from France had been severely curtailed by the British Empire and early governments of independent Canada. Population growth amongst the French population occurred at relatively high pace, increasing from 1,082,940 persons in 1871 to 2,452,743 persons in 1921. Despite an increase of nearly 1.5 million persons during this fifty-year period, the French proportion of the total Canadian population dropped slightly, from 31.1 percent, to 27.1 percent.

By contrast, large population increases amongst the three main ethnic groups from the British Isles (English, Irish, and Scottish) occurred through natural increase but relied heavily on high immigration rates that began in the early-mid 19th century dubbed the Great Migration of Canada − this continued through the early 20th century, spurred by record immigration rates during the 1900s and 1910s, when English immigrants formed a majority or plurality of all immigrants to Canada on an annual and decadal basis.

The English population, in particular, grew at a rapid pace, increasing from 705,369 persons in 1871 to 2,545,358 persons in 1921, representing an increase of nearly 2 million persons during the fifty-year period. During the same time period, the English proportion of the total Canadian population rose from 20.3 percent to 29.0 percent. The English community experienced massive growth principally during the first two decades of the 20th century as a result of record immigration at the time; during the era, persons of English descent also became the single largest ethnic group in Canada, comprising a plurality of the Canadian population by the 1921 census.

The Irish population, meanwhile, witnessed steady, slowing population growth during the late 19th and early 20th century, with the proportion of the total Canadian population dropping from 24.3 percent in 1871 to 12.6 percent in 1921 and falling from the second-largest ethnic group in Canada from to fourth − principally due to massive immigration flows from England to Canada at the time − despite the population increasing from 846,414 persons to 1,107,803 persons in the fifty-year timeframe. The largest Irish population increases occurred prior to confederation, spurred by mass immigration during the mid-19th century at the height of the Great Migration of Canada, and was primarily due to The Great Famine and related poor economic conditions in Ireland at the time.

At the turn of the 20th century, overall immigrant proportions from the British Isles to Canada gradually dropped from a majority to a plurality. At the time, the federal government began supplementing increased mass immigration from the British Isles (mainly England) by also permitting large migration flows from continental Europe, especially Germany, Scandinavia, and the Soviet Union. This was primarily as a result of federal policy aimed at settling the Prairies through ethnic block settlements and ultimately led to the highest annual immigration rates in Canadian history since confederation in 1867 that remain unsurpassed in the contemporary era, including 1913 (new immigrants accounted for 5.3 percent of the total population), 1912 (5.1 percent), 1911 (4.6 percent), 1907 (4.3 percent) and 1910 (4.1 percent).[14] [15]

Largely due to increased immigration levels outside of the British Isles, the continental European population grew rapidly during the first two decades of the 20th century − comprising 1,246,151 persons or 14.2 percent as proportion of the total Canadian population by the 1921 census, representing a numerical increase of over 1 million persons from fifty years earlier in 1871, when the continental European population stood at approximately 236,043 persons or 6.8 percent of the total Canadian population.

Broadening the multicultural makeup of Canada, the diversity across the Prairie provinces during the early 20th century was soon dubbed a cultural mosaic by journalist Victoria Hayward in the early 1920s:

Ethnic
Origin! colspan="2"
1871
[16] 		1881
1901
[17] [18] 		1911
1921
French1,082,9401,298,9291,649,3712,061,7192,452,743
Irish846,414957,403988,7211,074,7381,107,803
English705,369881,3011,260,8991,871,2682,545,358
Scottish549,946699,863800,1541,027,0151,173,625
German202,991254,319310,601403,417294,635
Indigenous102,358108,547127,941105,611114,083
Dutch29,66230,41233,84555,961117,505
African21,49621,39417,43716,99418,291
Other
British		7,7739,94713,42126,06041,932
Scandinavian1,6235,22331,042112,682167,369
Italian1,0351,84910,83445,96366,769
Russian6071,22719,82544,376100,064
Jewish12566716,13176,199126,196
Chinese4,38317,31227,83139,587
Austrian10,94744,036107,671
Polish6,28533,65253,403
Ukrainian5,68275,432108,721
Japanese4,7389,06715,868
Swiss3,8666,62612,837
Belgian2,9949,66420,234
Finnish2,50215,50021,494
1,6813,8809,260
Hungarian1,54911,64813,181
Bulgarian−
Romanian		3345,88315,235
Greek2913,6145,740
Indian1002,3421,018
Czech−
Slovak		8,840
Yugoslav3,906
Spanish2,208
Lithuanian1,970
Portuguese487
Canada3,483,7614,324,8105,371,3157,206,6438,787,949

Evolution from 1996 to 2016

As regards combined responses, Canadian is the most common ethnic origin (11,113,965) in the 2016 Census (see above). This was also the case in the 2011 NHS (10,563,805),[19] 2006 Census (10,066,290),[20] 2001 Census (11,682,680),[21] and the 1996 Census (8,806,975).[22] Canadian was also the most common single ethnic origin in the 1996 (5,326,995), 2001 (6,748,135), 2006 (5,748,725), 2011 (5,834,535), and 2016 (6,436,940).

1996! colspan="3"
2001200620112016[23]
Ethnic OriginPop.Ethnic OriginPop.Ethnic OriginPop.Ethnic OriginPop.Ethnic OriginPop.
1Canadian5,326,9951Canadian6,748,1351Canadian5,748,7251Canadian5,834,5351Canadian6,436,940
2French2,665,2502English1,479,5252English1,367,1252English1,312,5702Chinese1,439,980
3English2,048,2753French1,060,7603French1,230,5353Chinese1,210,9453English1,098,925
4Chinese800,4704Chinese936,2104Chinese1,135,3654French1,165,4654Indian1,096,850
5Italian729,4555Italian726,2755Indian780,1755Indian919,1555French1,006,180
6German726,1456German705,6006Italian741,0456Italian700,8456Italian695,415
7Scottish642,9707Scottish607,2357German670,6407German608,5207Filipino651,390
8Irish504,0308Indian581,6658Scottish568,5158Scottish544,4408German569,650
9Indian438,7709Irish496,8659First Nations512,1509First Nations517,5509First Nations526,570
10First Nations394,55510First Nations455,80510Irish491,03010Filipino506,54510Scottish475,575
11Ukrainian331,68011Ukrainian326,19511Filipino321,39011Irish506,44511Irish457,905
12Dutch313,88012Dutch316,22012Dutch303,40012Dutch297,88512Dutch289,675
13Polish265,93013Filipino266,14013Ukrainian300,59013Ukrainian276,05513Ukrainian273,810
14Portuguese252,64014Polish260,41514Polish269,37514Polish255,13514Portuguese264,815
15Filipino198,42015Portuguese252,83515Portuguese262,23015Portuguese250,32015Polish264,415
16Jewish195,81016Jewish186,47516Greek145,25016Vietnamese157,45016Korean177,925
17Greek144,94017Greek143,78517Korean137,79017Korean154,35517Iranian170,755
18Jamaican128,57018Jamaican138,18018Vietnamese136,44518Jamaican142,87018Vietnamese165,390
19Vietnamese110,39019Vietnamese119,12019Jamaican134,32019Greek141,75519Jamaican161,495
20Hungarian94,18520Korean95,20020Jewish134,04520Iranian131,10020Pakistani156,300
1996! colspan="3"
2001200620112016
Ethnic OriginPop.Ethnic OriginPop.Ethnic OriginPop.Ethnic OriginPop.Ethnic OriginPop.
1Canadian8,806,2751Canadian11,682,6801Canadian10,066,2901Canadian10,563,8051Canadian11,135,965
2English6,832,0952English5,978,8752English6,570,0152English6,509,5002English6,320,085
3French5,597,8453French4,668,4103French4,941,2103French5,065,6903Scottish4,799,005
4Scottish4,260,8404Scottish4,157,2104Scottish4,719,8504Scottish4,714,9704French4,670,595
5Irish3,767,6105Irish3,822,6605Irish4,354,1555Irish4,544,8705Irish4,627,000
6German2,757,1406German2,742,7656German3,179,4256German3,203,3306German3,322,405
7Italian1,207,4757Italian1,270,3707Italian1,445,3357Italian1,488,4257Chinese1,769,195
8Ukrainian1,026,4758Chinese1,094,7008Chinese1,346,5108Chinese1,487,5808Italian1,587,970
9Chinese921,5859Ukrainian1,071,0609North American Indian1,253,6159First Nations1,369,1159First Nations1,525,570
10Dutch916,21510North American Indian1,000,89010Ukrainian1,209,08510Ukrainian1,251,17010Indian1,374,715
11North American Indian867,22511Dutch923,31011Dutch1,035,96511Indian1,165,14511Ukrainian1,359,655
12Polish786,73512Polish817,08512Polish984,56512Dutch1,067,24512Dutch1,111,655
13Indian548,08013Indian713,33013Indian962,66513Polish1,010,70513Polish1,106,585
14Jewish351,70514Norwegian363,76014Russian500,60014Filipino662,60014Filipino837,135
15Norwegian346,31015Portuguese357,69015Welsh440,96515British Isles, n.i.e.576,03015British Isles, n.i.e.644,695
16Welsh338,90516Welsh350,36516Filipino436,19016Russian550,52016Russian622,445
17Portuguese335,11017Jewish348,60517Norwegian432,51517Welsh458,70517Métis599,995
18Swedish278,97518Russian337,96018Portuguese410,85018Norwegian452,70518Portuguese482,605
19Russian272,33519Filipino327,55019Métis409,06519Métis447,65519Welsh474,805
20Hungarian250,52520Métis307,84520British Isles, n.i.e.403,91520Portuguese429,85020Norwegian463,275

Visible minority

Visible minority population by province and territory, 2016[24] !Province/territory!South Asian!Chinese!Black!Filipino!Latin American!Arab!Southeast Asian!West Asian!Korean!Japanese!Visible minority, !Multiple visible minorities!Total visible minority population!Total population!Percent visible minority
Alberta[25] 230,930158,200129,390166,19555,09056,70043,98520,98021,27512,1659,90028,360933,1653,978,14523.46%
British Columbia[26] 365,705508,48043,500145,02544,11519,84054,92048,69560,49541,2308,76040,4651,381,2354,560,24030.29%
Manitoba[27] 42,06022,54030,33579,8159,8955,0308,5652,6954,3751,8503,1956,485216,8501,240,70017.48%
New Brunswick[28] 2,5353,9257,0001,9801,2852,9601,2307301,68523030567524,535730,7103.36%
Newfoundland and Labrador[29] 2,6452,3252,3551,3906351,375340220806015025511,810512,2502.31%
Northwest Territories[30] 6153007601,3001351002555010015095903,96041,1359.63%
Nova Scotia[31] 7,9108,64021,9153,4001,6858,1101,1951,5401,5406956301,39558,650908,3406.46%
Nunavut[32] 11575330230404030101010201090535,5802.54%
Ontario[33] 1,150,415754,550527,715311,675195,950210,435133,855154,67088,93530,83097,970128,5853,885,58513,242,16029.34%
Prince Edward Island[34] 9202,57082567025558514521521011055856,640139,6854.75%
Quebec[35] 90,33599,505319,23034,910133,920213,74062,82032,4058,0554,5709,84023,0451,032,3657,965,45012.96%
Saskatchewan[36] 19,96015,54514,92532,3404,1954,3005,7452,0651,8759551,1502,820115,8751,070,56010.82%
Yukon[37] 5004152701,19013010180307065151203,00035,1158.54%
Canada[38] 1,924,6351,577,0601,198,540780,125447,325523,325313,260264,305188,71092,920132,090232,3757,674,58034,460,06522.27%
Visible minority in Canadian cities over 100,000 people, 2016[39] !City!Population!Visible minority!Black!East Asian!Latin American!South Asian!Southeast Asian!West Asian!Arab!Multiracial!Other
Toronto2,731,57151.5%8.9%13.2%2.9%12.6%7.2%2.2%1.3%1.8%1.4%
Montreal1,704,69434.2%10.3%3.7%4.1%3.3%3.5%0.9%7.3%0.7%0.3%
Calgary1,239,22036.2%4.2%8.5%2.1%9.5%7.3%1.0%2.0%1.1%0.4%
Ottawa934,24326.3%6.6%5.1%1.2%4.2%2.7%1.0%4.5%0.9%0.3%
Edmonton932,54637.1%5.9%7.3%1.9%9.5%7.7%0.7%2.6%1.1%0.4%
Mississauga721,59957.2%6.6%8.7%2.3%23.2%7.2%1.1%5.1%1.9%1.3%
Winnipeg705,22428.0%3.9%3.6%1.0%5.4%11.8%0.4%0.7%0.9%0.4%
Vancouver631,48651.6%1.0%30.2%1.8%6.0%8.7%1.4%0.5%1.8%0.2%
Brampton593,63873.3%13.9%1.7%2.4%44.3%4.8%0.9%1.0%1.6%2.7%
Hamilton536,91719.0%3.8%2.5%1.6%4.2%2.8%0.9%2.0%0.7%0.5%
Quebec City531,9026.4%2.4%0.5%1.3%0.3%0.5%0.1%1.2%0.1%0.1%
Surrey517,88758.5%1.8%7.8%1.4%32.8%8.8%0.7%1.1%1.2%0.4%
Laval422,99326.1%7.8%1.0%3.1%2.1%2.1%1.0%8.2%0.3%0.1%
Halifax403,13111.4%3.8%2.2%0.3%1.6%0.9%0.3%1.8%0.3%0.1%
London383,82219.9%3.0%3.8%2.4%3.1%2.1%0.9%3.6%0.6%0.4%
Markham328,96677.9%2.9%46.8%0.5%17.8%3.8%2.4%1.0%2.1%0.9%
Vaughan306,23335.4%2.7%8.7%2.4%10.1%5.1%2.9%1.4%1.4%0.8%
Gatineau276,24513.5%6.1%1.0%1.5%0.4%0.7%0.3%3.1%0.3%0.2%
Longueuil239,70018.6%7.0%1.4%3.1%0.8%1.3%0.8%3.2%0.4%0.3%
Burnaby232,75563.6%1.6%38.9%2.0%8.1%7.7%2.2%0.7%2.1%0.3%
Saskatoon246,37619.8%2.2%3.6%0.8%5.5%5.4%0.5%1.0%0.6%0.2%
Kitchener233,22221.8%4.1%2.6%2.6%5.0%2.9%1.2%1.8%0.8%0.8%
Windsor217,18826.9%5.0%3.6%1.2%4.5%3.0%0.6%7.5%0.9%0.6%
Regina215,10619.2%3.0%6.2%0.6%5.9%5.2%0.3%0.7%0.4%0.2%
Richmond198,30976.3%0.6%55.6%0.8%7.3%7.9%0.6%0.8%2.4%0.2%
Richmond Hill195,02260.0%2.0%32.5%0.8%7.7%2.7%10.4%1.8%1.6%0.4%
Oakville193,83230.8%2.9%9.0%1.9%8.9%2.4%1.1%3.2%1.0%0.4%
Burlington183,31416.0%2.1%2.9%1.3%4.8%2.0%0.6%1.4%0.6%0.4%
Greater Sudbury161,5313.8%0.9%0.7%0.2%0.9%0.4%0.1%0.4%0.1%0.0%
Sherbrooke161,3237.3%2.2%0.4%1.7%0.3%0.4%0.8%1.2%0.2%0.0%
Oshawa159,45816.0%5.5%2.0%0.8%3.8%1.6%0.4%0.6%0.8%0.8%
Saguenay145,9491.4%0.5%0.2%0.2%0.1%0.1%0.0%0.2%0.0%0.0%
Lévis143,4142.2%0.7%0.3%0.4%0.1%0.2%0.0%0.4%0.0%0.0%
Barrie141,43410.3%2.7%1.8%1.1%2.2%1.4%0.2%0.3%0.4%0.3%
Abbotsford141,39733.7%1.0%3.0%0.8%25.5%2.2%0.2%0.2%0.5%0.2%
St. Catharines133,11312.7%2.9%2.7%1.7%1.4%1.8%0.3%1.1%0.7%0.2%
Trois-Rivières134,4133.5%1.4%0.3%0.8%0.1%0.2%0.0%0.6%0.0%0.0%
Cambridge129,92015.6%2.5%1.4%1.3%6.2%2.1%0.3%0.8%0.4%0.6%
Coquitlam139,28450.2%1.1%29.3%1.6%4.5%5.2%5.6%1.0%1.7%0.2%
Kingston123,7989.7%1.5%2.7%0.7%2.0%1.1%0.4%0.8%0.4%0.1%
Whitby128,37725.3%8.0%3.1%1.1%6.6%2.4%1.0%0.8%1.5%0.9%
Guelph131,79418.8%2.2%3.6%1.0%5.0%4.1%1.2%0.6%0.9%0.2%
Kelowna127,3809.5%0.8%2.9%0.6%2.6%1.6%0.3%0.2%0.3%0.2%
Saanich114,14822.1%1.0%10.5%0.7%5.0%3.0%0.4%0.6%0.6%0.2%
Ajax119,67756.7%16.7%3.2%1.4%20.9%5.3%2.4%1.7%2.4%2.7%
Thunder Bay107,9094.5%0.6%1.1%0.3%0.9%0.8%0.2%0.3%0.2%0.0%
Terrebonne111,57511.8%4.5%0.4%1.7%0.1%0.6%0.1%1.7%0.1%0.0%
St. John's108,8607.0%1.4%1.6%0.5%1.5%0.7%0.2%1.0%0.1%0.1%
Langley117,28518.7%1.0%8.0%0.9%4.4%3.0%0.3%0.3%0.5%0.1%
Chatham-Kent101,6474.6%2.1%0.6%0.2%0.6%0.5%0.0%0.2%0.2%0.1%
Milton110,12842.8%4.8%3.1%2.4%21.0%4.7%0.9%3.5%1.4%0.9%
Waterloo104,98626.4%1.9%10.6%1.4%6.4%1.7%1.1%1.8%0.9%0.6%
Delta102,23836.0%0.8%9.2%0.8%20.3%3.2%0.3%0.3%0.8%0.3%
Red Deer100,41815.5%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.7%7.0%0.4%0.5%0.4%0.1%

Aboriginal population

Group! colspan="2"
1996[40] 2001[41] 2006[42] 2011[43] 2016[44]
%Total%Total%Total%Total%Total
Total Aboriginal2.8%799,0053.3%976,3053.8%1,172,7854.3%1,400,6854.9%1,673,780
First Nations1.8%529,0402.1%608,8502.2%698,0252.6%851,5602.8%977,230
Métis0.7%204,1151.0%292,3051.2%389,7801.4%451,7951.7%587,545
Inuit0.14%40,2200.16%50,4850.2%59,4450.2%65,025
Note: Inuit, other Aboriginal and mixed Aboriginal groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Aboriginal
Aboriginal population by province and territory, 2011!Province/territory!Not Aboriginal!First Nations!Métis!Inuit!Aboriginal, !Multiple Aboriginal identities!Total Aboriginal population!Total population
Alberta2,690,960116,67096,8701,9853,3001,870220,6953,567,980
British Columbia2,911,295155,02069,4751,5703,7452,480232,2904,324,455
Manitoba824,830114,22578,8305801,0551,200195,8951,174,350
New Brunswick696,08016,1204,8504851,02015022,620735,835
Newfoundland and Labrador464,54019,3157,6606,2652,30026035,800507,270
Northwest Territories16,92013,3503,2504,3351854521,16040,800
Nova Scotia825,05521,89510,05069598022533,850906,175
Nunavut3,82512513027,070152027,36531,700
Ontario9,070,800201,10086,0203,3558,0402,910301,43012,651,795
Prince Edward Island130,8901,5204105523502,230137,380
Quebec6,740,37582,42540,96012,5704,4151,545141,9157,732,525
Saskatchewan787,745103,20552,4502901,120675157,7401,008,760
Yukon23,5906,58584517570257,70533,320
Canada25,186,890851,560451,79559,44026,47511,4151,400,68532,852,325
CityPopulationTotal AboriginalFirst NationsMétis
Toronto2,576,0250.7%0.5%0.2%
Montreal1,612,6400.6%0.3%0.2%
Calgary1,082,2352.7%1.2%1.4%
Ottawa867,0902.1%1.2%0.7%
Edmonton795,6755.3%2.4%2.7%
Mississauga708,7250.5%0.3%0.1%
Winnipeg649,99511.7%5.9%6.3%
Vancouver590,2102.0%1.3%0.6%
Brampton521,3150.7%0.4%0.2%
Hamilton509,6402.0%1.6%0.3%
Quebec City502,5950.9%0.5%0.4%
Surrey463,3402.9%1.9%1.0%
Laval392,7250.6%0.3%0.2%
Halifax384,3302.5%1.5%0.8%
London360,7151.9%1.4%0.4%
Markham300,1350.2%0.1%0.1%
Vaughan286,3050.2%0.1%0.0%
Gatineau261,6653.5%1.8%1.5%
Longueuil227,9701.0%0.6%0.0%
Burnaby220,2551.5%0.9%0.5%
Saskatoon218,31510.2%4.9%4.6%
Kitchener215,9501.5%0.9%0.5%
Windsor208,0152.3%1.3%0.9%
Regina189,7409.9%5.8%3.9%
Richmond189,3051.0%0.7%0.3%
Richmond Hill184,3700.2%0.1%0.0%
Oakville180,4300.6%0.4%0.2%
Burlington173,4950.9%0.5%0.3%
Greater Sudbury157,7658.2%3.8%4.1%
Sherbrooke150,2550.9%0.5%0.3%
Oshawa147,6802.0%1.2%0.8%
Saguenay141,3352.5%0.8%1.6%
Lévis135,8350.5%0.2%0.2%
Barrie133,2402.6%1.4%1.2%
Abbotsford130,9504.0%2.5%1.6%
St. Catharines128,7701.9%1.2%0.6%
Trois-Rivières126,9801.1%0.6%0.4%
Cambridge125,0602.0%1.2%0.6%
Coquitlam125,0152.1%1.1%0.9%
Kingston118,9302.9%2.0%0.8%
Whitby120,2851.2%0.7%0.4%
Guelph120,5501.6%1.0%0.6%
Kelowna114,5704.5%2.1%2.3%
Saanich107,8552.7%1.5%1.1%
Ajax109,2201.0%0.7%0.3%
Thunder Bay105,9509.5%7.3%2.0%
Terrebonne105,6100.7%0.5%0.1%
St. John's103,9052.6%1.2%0.8%
Langley103,1453.4%1.6%1.7%
Chatham-Kent101,6802.9%1.7%0.9%

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 2022-10-26 . Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231212111914/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035601 . 2023-12-12 . 2022-10-26 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  2. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 2022-10-26 . Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data ]. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221029122856/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada . 2022-10-29 . 2022-10-28 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  3. Web site: The Daily — Indigenous population continues to grow and is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, although the pace of growth has slowed . Statistics Canada . 2022-09-21 . 2022-10-29.
  4. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 2022-10-26 . Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts . 2022-10-29 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  5. Web site: Statistics Canada, Government of Canada. The Daily . The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity. 1 January 2023. 26 October 2022b .
  6. Web site: February 8, 2017 . Census Profile, 2016 Census . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171015095154/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 . October 15, 2017 . Statistics Canada . February 16, 2018.
  7. Web site: Pendakur . Krishna . Visible Minorities and Aboriginal Peoples in Vancouver's Labour Market . https://web.archive.org/web/20110516021011/http://www.rhdcc-hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/labour/equality/racism/racism_free_init/pendakur.shtml . May 16, 2011 . June 30, 2014 . Simon Fraser University.
  8. Web site: The Daily — Immigrants make up the largest share of the population in over 150 years and continue to shape who we are as Canadians . Statistics Canada . 2022-10-26 . 2022-10-29.
  9. Web site: 2021 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration . 2022-03-15. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada.
  10. Web site: Government of Canada. Statistics Canada. The Daily . Immigrants make up the largest share of the population in over 150 years and continue to shape who we are as Canadians. 2023-01-02. 2022-10-26.
  11. News: Michael . Adams . Andrew . Parkin . Canadians aren't just adapting to diversity – there's data to show we're embracing it. The Globe and Mail. January 1, 2023 . December 31, 2022.
  12. Source: Web site: Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada – Data table. Statistics Canada. 2011-01-16. 2013-07-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20130727232236/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm. dead. Additional data: Web site: 2006 Census release topics. Statistics Canada. 2011-01-16.
  13. Web site: Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables. 25 October 2017. statcan.gc.ca.
  14. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 17 May 2018 . 150 years of immigration in Canada . 2022-11-09 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  15. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 2013 . Censuses of Canada 1665 to 1871: Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present . 2022-11-09.
  16. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 2013-04-03 . Seventh census of Canada, 1931 . v. 13. Monographs - unemployment, dependency of youth, rural and urban composition of the Canadian population, racial origins and nativity of the Canadian people. . 2022-11-07 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  17. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 2013-04-03 . Fifth census of Canada 1911 . v. 2. Religions, origins, birthplace, citizenship, literacy and infirmities, by provinces, districts and sub-districts . 2022-11-07 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  18. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 2013-04-03 . Sixth census of Canada,1921 . v. 1. Population: number, sex and distribution, racial origins, religions . 2022-11-07 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  19. Web site: 2011 National Household Survey: Data tables – Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey. www12.statcan.gc.ca. 2013-05-08. 2019-09-20. Statistics Canada. Government of Canada.
  20. Web site: Statistics Canada: Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census. Government of Canada. 2008-04-02. Statistics Canada. 2019-09-20.
  21. Web site: English title / Titre en anglais. www12.statcan.gc.ca. 2019-09-20.
  22. Web site: 1996 Census of Canada: Data tables – Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data). Government of Canada. Statistics Canada. 1998-02-17. www12.statcan.gc.ca. 2019-09-20.
  23. Web site: Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data. Government of Canada. Statistics Canada. 2017-10-25. www12.statcan.gc.ca. 2019-09-21.
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  41. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= Statistics Canada
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  43. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 Statistics Canada
  44. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . October 25, 2017 . Aboriginal Identity (9), Age (20), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data . www12.statcan.gc.ca.

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