List of Canadian Victoria Cross recipients explained

The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest award of the United Kingdom honours system. It is awarded for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" to members of the British armed forces. It may be awarded posthumously. It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries, most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours. It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879. Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857, two thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch. These investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace.

Background

Established in 1856, the Victoria Cross has been awarded to service personnel for extraordinary valour and devotion to duty while facing a hostile force. Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could also be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy.[1] Six people were awarded Victoria Crosses under this clause – one Irish man in 1866 for actions taken during the Fenian raids; five (a Canadian, three Irish and an English man) for a single incident in 1867 during the Andaman Islands Expedition. In 1881, VC regulations were amended to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".[1] [2]

Since 1993, Canadians have no longer been eligible for the Victoria Cross: that medal has been superseded by the Canadian Victoria Crossof equal honour, but yet to be awarded.[3] The scroll of the Canadian medal differs in that the inscription is in Latin rather than English; by using a language that is an ancestor of French and has greatly contributed to the development of English, the medal avoids linguistic discrimination between Canada's two official languages. The fleur-de-lis, in heraldry long associated with the French crown has been added at the end each scroll. The actual metal of the medal is a distinct Canadian composition.[4]

Summary

The Victoria Cross has been presented to 99 Canadians, or people closely associated with Canada, between its creation for acts performed during the Crimean War and 1993 when the Canadian Victoria Cross was instituted. No Canadian has received either honour since 1945.[5]

The first Canadian to be awarded the Victoria Cross was Alexander Roberts Dunn for his actions at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War in 1854. William Hall, a Nova Scotian, was the first black recipient of the Victoria Cross.[6] The last living Canadian recipient of the British Victoria Cross, "Smokey" Smith, died in August 2005.[7]

Seventy-three Victoria Crosses were awarded to Canadians for their actions in the First World War, and Canadians received sixteen VCs during the Second World War. The remaining recipients were awarded the medal for actions performed in the Crimean War (Battle of Balaclava), the Indian Mutiny (the Indian Rebellion of 1857), a native uprising at a remote Indian Ocean island during the Andaman Islands Expedition, the Battle of Omdurman during the Sudan Campaign of 1896–1899, and the Second Boer War.

Timothy O'Hea, a 23-year-old Irishman in the British army, fought a fire in a railway car containing 900 kilograms of ammunition stationed at Danville, Quebec during the Fenian raids.[8] O'Hea is the only VC recipient awarded for actions on Canadian soil.[9]

Seven Canadians were awarded VCs individually on one single day, 2 September 1918, for actions they performed along the 30 km long Drocourt-Quéant Line near Arras, France: Bellenden Hutcheson, Arthur George Knight, William Henry Metcalf, Claude Nunney, Cyrus Wesley Peck, Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young. Their acts of exceptional valour were performed during Canada's Hundred Days of successful offensive campaigning that helped end the war.

Recipients

(This list is arranged alphabetically when first opened but the order can be changed to other criteria such as date of valourous action, by clicking in box at top of each column.)

NameDate of actionConflictUnitPerpetuating UnitPlace of actionProvince of originNotes
1918*First World WarThe Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)Cambrai, FranceOntario[10]
1918First World WarNone Forêt de Mormal, FranceManitoba[11]
1917First World WarRoyal Regiment of CanadaPasschendaele, BelgiumOntario[12]
1944*Second World WarNo. 115 Squadron RAF Trossy St. Maximin, FranceAlberta[13]
1915First World WarBritish Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own)Kerselaere, BelgiumBritish Columbia[14]
1917*First World War9th Battalion, The Leicestershire RegimentB Company, Second Battalion, Royal Anglian RegimentPolygon Wood, BelgiumNova Scotia[15]
1917First World WarNo. 60 Squadron RAFCambrai, FranceOntario[16]
1918First World WarRoyal Naval Volunteer ReserveRoyal Naval Volunteer ReserveOstend, BelgiumBritish Columbia[17]
1918First World WarRoyal Winnipeg RiflesAmiens, FranceManitoba[18]
1918*First World WarRoyal 22nd RegimentMeharicourt, FranceQuebec[19]
1917*First World WarRoyal Winnipeg Rifles and Calgary HighlandersLoos, FranceOntario[20]
1918*First World War[21] Saskatchewan DragoonsValenciennes, FranceSaskatchewan[22]
1915*First World WarRoyal Canadian RegimentGivenchy, FranceOntario[23]
1918First World WarVictoria Rifles of CanadaFresnes, FranceQuebec[24]
1916*First World WarGovernor General's Foot GuardsPozières, FranceManitoba[25] [26]
1900Second Boer WarRoyal Canadian DragoonsRoyal Canadian DragoonsKomati River, South AfricaOntario[27]
1917*First World WarRoyal Winnipeg RiflesAcheville, FranceSaskatchewan[28]
1918First World WarRoyal Winnipeg RiflesHackett Woods, FranceManitoba[29]
1945*Second World WarQueen's Own Rifles of CanadaMooshof, GermanyOntario[30]
1918*First World WarBlack Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of CanadaAmiens, FranceNova Scotia[31] .[32] [33]
1918First World War2/14th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (London Scottish)London RegimentJordan, PalestineManitoba[34] [35]
1944Second World WarSouth Alberta Light HorseBattle of Falaise, FranceSaskatchewan[36]
1898Battle of Omdurman, Sudan Campaign21st Lancers17th/21st LancersOmdurman, SudanQuebec[37] [38]
1918*First World War15th Battalion, The Royal Irish RiflesRoyal Irish RegimentGroagie, FranceAlberta[39] [40]
1918First World WarBlack Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of CanadaParvillers, Francen/a[41] [42]
1867Bravery at Sea, Andaman Islands Expedition South Wales BorderersLittle Andaman, IndiaOntario[43] [44]
1854Battle of Balaclava, Crimean WarYorkshire RegimentBalaclava, CrimeaOntario[45]
[46]
1915*First World WarBlack Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of CanadaSt. Julien, BelgiumOntario[47]
1918*First World WarLord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians)Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians)Bois de Moreuil, FranceBritish Columbia[48]
1942Second World War1st Battalion, The Royal Hamilton Light InfantryRoyal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment)Dieppe, FranceOntario[49]
1918First World WarBlack Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of CanadaHangard Wood, FranceNew Brunswick[50]
1945*Second World WarRoyal Navy Fleet Air ArmRoyal Canadian NavyHonshū, JapanBritish Columbia[51] [52]
1918First World WarRoyal Canadian RegimentRoyal Canadian RegimentCambrai, FranceNew Brunswick[53]
1915*First World WarRoyal Winnipeg RiflesYpres, BelgiumManitoba[54]
1857Indian rebellion of 1857HMS ShannonnoneLucknow, IndiaNova Scotia[55]
1917First World WarBritish Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own)Lens, FranceBritish Columbia[56]
1917First World WarLord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians)Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians)Guyencourt, FranceAlberta[57]
1917*First World WarLens, FranceOntario[58]
1944Second World War1st Battalion, Lincolnshire RegimentNgakyedauk Pass, Burma (now Myanmar)British Columbia[59]
1900Second Boer WarRoyal Canadian DragoonsKomati River, South AfricaOntario[60]
1917First World WarPasschendaele, BelgiumOntario[61]
1918*First World WarBourlon Wood, FranceOntario[62]
1944*Second World WarFaroes, AtlanticOntario[63]
1918First World WarArras, FranceOntario[64] [65]
1918*First World WarNeuville-Vitasse, FranceQuebec[66]
1918First World WarBourlon Wood, FranceOntario[67]
1916First World WarCourcelette, FranceNova Scotia[68] Alberta[69]
1917First World WarPasschendaele, BelgiumAlberta[70]
1918*First World WarVillers-les-Cagnicourt, FranceSaskatchewan[71]
1917First World WarLens, Francen/a[72]
1917*First World WarLoos, FranceQuebec
1918First World WarCambrai, FranceOntario[73]
1917First World WarVimy Ridge, FranceOntario[74]
1918First World WarCambrai, France British Columbia[75]
1944Second World War1st Battalion, The Westminster Regiment (Motor)River Melfa, ItalyBritish Columbia[76]
1918First World WarGavrelle Sector, FranceAlberta[77]
1917*First World WarCanadian Machine Gun CorpsMeetscheele Spur, BelgiumOntario Alberta[78] [79]
1918*First World WarAlbert, FranceManitoba[80]
1918First World WarAbancourt, FranceOntario[81]
1942Second World War1st Battalion, The South Saskatchewan RegimentDieppe, FranceBritish Columbia[82]
1918First World WarArras, Francen/a
1917*First World WarThelus, FranceSaskatchewan[83]
1918*First World WarDemuin, FranceOntario[84]
1918First World WarCanal de L'Escaut, FranceManitoba[85]
1917First World WarPrincess Patricia's Canadian Light InfantryPasschendaele, BelgiumSaskatchewan[86]
1944*Second World WarCambrai, FranceManitoba[87]
1900Second Boer WarRoyal Army Medical CorpsWakkerstroom, South AfricaNew Brunswick[88]
1918*First World WarDrocourt-Queant Line, FranceOntario[89]
1917First World WarPasschendaele, BelgiumManitoba[90]
1915First World War1st Battalion, Irish GuardsCuinchy, FranceSaskatchewan[91] [92]
1917First World WarHill 70, FranceBritish Columbia[93]
1941*Second World War1st Battalion, The Winnipeg GrenadiersMount Butler, Hong KongManitoba[94]
1917*First World WarVimy Ridge, FranceAlberta[95]
1917First World WarPasschendaele, BelgiumYukon[96]
1918First World WarCanadian Scottish RegimentCagnicourt, FranceNew Brunswick[97]
1942Second World WarHMS WalneyOran, AlgeriaP.E.I[98]
1918First World WarArras, FranceOntario[99]
1857Indian rebellion of 1857Delhi, IndiaOntario[100]
1900Second Boer WarStrathcona's HorseLord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians)Wolwespruit, South AfricaSaskatchewan[101] [102] [103]
1916*First World WarCanadian Scottish RegimentSomme, FranceBritish Columbia[104]
1917*First World WarPasschendaele, BelgiumNova Scotia Alberta[105] [106]
1918First World WarMonchy, FranceOntario[107]
1915First World WarCanadian Army Medical CorpsSt. Julien, BelgiumQuebec[108]
1917First World WarPasschendaele, BelgiumManitoba[109]
1917*First World WarNeuville-St.-Vaast, FranceOntario[110]
1916First World WarIndian Medical ServiceOrah Ruins, MesopotamiaBritish Columbia[111]
1944Second World War1st Battalion, The Seaforth Highlanders of CanadaRiver Savio, ItalyBritish Columbia[112]
1918*First World WarPrincess Patricia's Canadian Light InfantryParvillers, FranceManitoba[113]
1917First World WarFort Garry HorseMasnières, FranceManitoba Alberta[114] [115]
1918*First World WarAmiens, FranceManitoba[116]
1945Second World War1st Battalion, The Essex Scottish RegimentHochwald Forest, GermanyOntario[117]
1945Second World WarRhine, GermanyOntario[118]
1943Second World WarRoyal 22e RégimentRoyal 22e RégimentCasa Berardi, Italy Quebec[119]
1900Second Boer WarRoyal Canadian DragoonsKomati River, South AfricaQuebec[120]
1916*First World War7th Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire RegimentLa Boiselle, FranceBritish Columbia[121] [122]
1918First World WarDury-Arras Sector, FranceQuebec[123]
1918First World WarNorth Saskatchewan RegimentWarvillers, FranceSaskatchewan[124] [125]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Christopher McCreery . The Canadian Honours System . 2015 . Dundurn . 978-1-4597-2417-4 . 130.
  2. Web site: VC background . British War Graves Memorial . 2008-04-07 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071006193449/http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm . 6 October 2007 .
  3. Web site: Victoria Cross (Canadian version). Canadian Veterans affairs department. https://web.archive.org/web/20120526202918/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/collections/cmdp/mainmenu/group02/canvc. 26 May 2012. 23 August 2007.
  4. Web site: Gov. Gen., PM unveil Canadian Victoria Cross. 2008-05-16. 5 May 2012. 10 November 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121110225757/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2008/05/16/victoria-cross.html. live.
  5. News: Vets irate at Victoria Cross proposal . Teotonio . Isabel . Toronto Star . 7 March 2007 . 12 July 2007 . 17 October 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071017165259/http://www.thestar.com/article/189029 . live .
  6. Web site: Black History Month Starts Up Across the City. CTV. 30 January 2010. 4 April 2012. 2 November 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131102020529/http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/black-history-month-starts-up-across-the-city-1.479259. live.
  7. News: Ottawa pays respect to Smokey Smith . CBC News . 9 August 2005 . 16 November 2007 . 7 January 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080107191447/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/08/09/smokey-smith050809.html . live .
  8. Book: Philip A. Wilkins. The History of the Victoria Cross: Being an account of the 520 acts of bravery for which the decoration has been awarded and portraits of 392 recipients. 2012. Andrews UK Limited. 978-1-78151-673-7. 215.
  9. Book: Mary Beacock Fryer. Battlefields of Canada. 1986. Dundurn. 978-1-55488-093-5. 261.
  10. Web site: Lieutenant Wallace Lloyd Algie – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 5 May 2012.
  11. Web site: Major William George Barker – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 5 May 2012.
  12. Web site: Vc Burials Canada – Toronto . Victoriacross.org.uk . 23 January 2011 . 4 June 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110604220647/http://www.victoriacross.org.uk/ggcantor.htm . live .
  13. Web site: Sqdn. Ldr. Ian Willoughby Bazalgette – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060307085744/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=history%2Fsecondwar%2Fcitations%2Fbazalgette . 7 March 2006 . dead .
  14. Web site: Carl Read . Edward Donald Bellew (VC) . TheVictoriaCross.net . 23 January 2011 .
  15. Web site: Search Details – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . 28 November 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071128131314/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=7600003 . live .
  16. Web site: Carl Read . William Avery Bishop (VC) . TheVictoriaCross.net . 23 January 2011 .
  17. Web site: Carl Read . Roland Richard Louis Bourke (VC) . TheVictoriaCross.net . 23 January 2011 .
  18. Web site: Alexander Picton Brereton. National Defence and the Canadian Forces. 5 May 2012. 22 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130522203541/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/brereton-ap-eng.asp. live.
  19. Web site: Jean Brillant. National Defence and the Canadian Forces. 5 May 2012. 22 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130522203546/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/brillant-j-eng.asp. live.
  20. Web site: Search Details – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . 7 March 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060307085900/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=465493 . live .
  21. He was the last Canadian awarded the Victoria Cross for actions taken during WWI, His actions being made on 2 Nov. 1918, just nine days before the Armistice.
  22. Web site: Hugh Cairns. National Defence and the Canadian Forces. 5 May 2012. 22 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130522203554/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/cairns-h-eng.asp. live.
  23. Web site: Search Details – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071128131234/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections%2Fvirtualmem%2FDetail&casualty=167874 . 28 November 2007 . dead .
  24. Web site: William Hew Clark-Kennedy – Veterans Affairs Canada . National Defence and the Canadian Forces . 5 May 2012 . 22 May 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130522203607/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/clark-kennedy-wh-eng.asp . live .
  25. Web site: Search Details – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . 7 March 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060307085817/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=101653 . live .
  26. One of three WWI Canadian VC recipients who lived on same block on Pine Street (now Valour Road) in Winnipeg: Leo Clarke, Frederick Hall and Robert Shankland
  27. Web site: Lieutenant Hampden Zane Churchill Cockburn VC . Northeastmedals.co.uk . 23 January 2011 . 29 September 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110929005242/http://www.northeastmedals.co.uk/vc_victoria_cross/hampden_zane_churchill_cockburn.htm . live .
  28. Web site: Search Details – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . 28 November 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071128131219/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=1566529 . live .
  29. Web site: Frederick George Coppins . National Defence and the Canadian Forces . 5 May 2012 . 22 May 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130522203618/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/coppins-fg-eng.asp . dead .
  30. Web site: Sgt. Aubrey Cosens – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 22 September 1998 . 23 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071128131339/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=history%2Fsecondwar%2Fcitations%2Fcosens . 28 November 2007 . dead .
  31. Web site: John Bernard Croak. National Defence and the Canadian Forces. 5 May 2012. 22 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130522203625/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/croak-jb-eng.asp. live.
  32. Born in the Dominion of Newfoundland, moved to Canada at age 2. Fellow recipient Thomas Ricketts, not included on this sub-list, was a citizen of the Dominion of Newfoundland in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment
  33. News: Memorial to fallen Newfoundland soldiers declared National Historic Site . 9 April 1997 . Government of Newfoundland and Labrador . 26 January 2008 . 4 May 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080504131654/http://www.releases.gov.nl.ca/releases/1997/exec/0409n01.htm . live .
  34. Web site: Robert Edward Cruickshank . Gocruickshanks.com . 23 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110711103324/http://gocruickshanks.com/cruickshanks/famous/148-robert-edward-cruickshank . 11 July 2011 . dead .
  35. Recipients were Canadians, but were serving in other army units at the time of their VC act
  36. Web site: David Vivian Currie . National Defence and the Canadian Forces . 28 December 2012 . 22 May 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130522203629/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/currie-dv-eng.asp . dead .
  37. Web site: Lieutenant Raymond Harvey Lodge Joseph de Montmorency . Veterans Affairs Canada . 23 March 2016 . 1 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160401110847/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/medals-decorations/orders-decorations/canadian-victoria-cross-recipients/montmorency . live .
  38. He was the first Canadian awarded the Victoria Cross for actions subsequent to Canadian Confederation
  39. Web site: Search Details – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . 28 November 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071128131319/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=7600006 . live .
  40. Although born in Ireland, was enlisted in the Canadian army and is considered Canadian at the time he won the medal, and Albertan because he was working in an Edmonton bank when he enlisted.
  41. Web site: Thomas Fasti Dinesen. National Defence and the Canadian Forces. 5 May 2012. 6 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170506013307/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/dinesen-t-eng.asp. dead.
  42. Although a Danish citizen who enlisted in the Canadian army, he is considered Canadian at the time he won the medal. His sister was famed author Isak Dinesen/Karen Blixen.
  43. Web site: Virtual Saskatchewan – Campbell Mellis Douglas . Virtualsk.com . 23 January 2011 . 16 June 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110616003204/http://www.virtualsk.com/current_issue/mellis.html . live .
  44. Awarded VC for actions taken not in the face of the enemy, one of only six awarded this way
  45. Web site: Canada and the Victoria Cross: Of Rebellion And Rescue Part 2 of 18 . Legion Magazine . 23 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110518022717/http://www.legionmagazine.com/en/index.php/2004/03/canada-and-the-victoria-cross-of-rebellion-and-rescue-2/ . 18 May 2011 .
  46. First Canadian to earn VC, during the Charge of the Light Brigade, 1854-Oct-25
  47. Web site: Search Details – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . 7 March 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060307090005/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=1592163 . live .
  48. Web site: Search Details – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . 7 March 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060307085751/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=38211 . live .
  49. Web site: Rev. John Weir Foote – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071128131344/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=history%2Fsecondwar%2Fcitations%2Ffoote . 28 November 2007 . dead .
  50. Web site: Herman James Good. National Defence and the Canadian Forces. 5 May 2012. 25 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180925235915/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/good-hj-eng.asp. dead.
  51. Web site: Lt. Robert Hampton Gray – Veterans Affairs Canada . Vac-acc.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060307085635/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=history%2Fsecondwar%2Fcitations%2Fgray . 7 March 2006 . dead .
  52. Last Canadian to earn VC, in actions sinking Japanese escort ship Amakusa, 1945-Aug-9
  53. Web site: Milton Fowler Gregg. National Defence and the Canadian Forces. 5 May 2012. 22 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130522203658/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/gregg-mf-eng.asp. dead.
  54. Web site: Fredrick William Hall. Veterans Canada. 7 December 2010. 7 March 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060307090011/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=1592737. live.
  55. Web site: William Hall. Veterans Canada. 7 December 2010. 7 March 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060307090011/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=1592737. live.
  56. Web site: Robert Hanna, V.C . Russiansinthecef.ca . 23 January 2011 . 6 July 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110706202530/http://www.russiansinthecef.ca/29thbattalion/hanna.shtml . live .
  57. Web site: Sevendust . Lord Strathconas Horse (Royal Canadians) // Awards . Strathconas.ca . 23 January 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20100112042242/http://www.strathconas.ca/bmenu_awards.php. 2010-01-12 .
  58. Web site: Fredrick Hobson. Veterans Canada. 7 December 2010. 7 March 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060307085945/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections%2Fvirtualmem%2FDetail&casualty=1569282. dead.
  59. Web site: The Canadian Virtual War Memorial. Veteran Affairs Canada. 28 December 2012. 7 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140107212459/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/collections/virtualmem/Detail/2086201. live.
  60. Web site: DHH – Victoria Cross Bios – Frederick Hobson . Cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca . 23 January 2011 . 9 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180709052015/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/holland-ejg-eng.asp . dead .
  61. Web site: Thomas William Holmes. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110164538/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/holmes-tw-eng.asp. live.
  62. Web site: Samuel Lewis Honey. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110162754/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/honey-sl-eng.asp. live.
  63. Web site: David Ernest Hornell. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010046/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/hornell-de-eng.asp. dead.
  64. Web site: Bellenden Hutcheson. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010051/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/hutcheson-bs-eng.asp. live.
  65. Although an American citizen who enlisted in the Canadian army, is considered Canadian at the time he won the medal
  66. Web site: Joseph Kaeble. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010056/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/kaeble-jt-eng.asp. live.
  67. Web site: George Fraser Kerr. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010101/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/kerr-gf-eng.asp. live.
  68. Web site: John Chipman Kerr. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110164543/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/kerr-jc-eng.asp. dead.
  69. Kerr was born in Nova Scotia and moved to farm in Alberta before enlisting in Edmonton unit.
  70. Web site: Cecil John Kinross . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012055/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/kinross-cj-eng.asp . live .
  71. Web site: Arthur George Knight . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012100/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/knight-ag-eng.asp . live .
  72. Although a Ukrainian citizen who enlisted in the Canadian army, is considered Canadian at the time he won the medal
  73. Web site: Graham Thomson Lyall . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012105/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/lyall-gt-eng.asp . live .
  74. Web site: Thain Wendell MacDowell . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010116/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/macdowell-tw-eng.asp . live .
  75. Web site: Thain Wendell MacDowell . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 7 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200207144000/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/macgregor-j-eng.asp . dead .
  76. Web site: John Keefer Mahony . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110164548/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/mahony-jk-eng.asp . live .
  77. Web site: George Burdon McKean . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010121/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/mckean-gb-eng.asp . live .
  78. Web site: Hugh McKenzie . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 4 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190404070555/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/mckenzie-h-eng.asp . dead .
  79. McKenzie was born in Liverpool, moved to Ontario before enlisting in Alberta unit.
  80. Web site: Alan Arnett McLeod . Veteran Affairs Canada . 8 December 2010 . 7 March 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060307090037/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=7600005 . dead .
  81. Web site: William Merrifield . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110164558/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/merrifield-w-eng.asp . live .
  82. Web site: Charles Cecil Ingersoll Merritt . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 4 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190404070620/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/merritt-cci-eng.asp . dead .
  83. Web site: William Johnstone Milne . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010126/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/milne-wj-eng.asp . live .
  84. Web site: Harry Garnet Bedford Miner. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010131/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/miner-hgb-eng.asp. live.
  85. Web site: Coulson Norman Mitchell. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110164614/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/mitchell-cn-eng.asp. live.
  86. Web site: George Mullin. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010136/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/mullin-gh-eng.asp. dead.
  87. Web site: Andrew Charles Mynarski. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012621/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/mynarski-ac-eng.asp. live.
  88. Web site: The Victoria Cross awarded to William Henry Snyder Nickerson . Memorials.inportsmouth.co.uk . 10 April 1954 . 23 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120305164130/http://www.memorials.inportsmouth.co.uk/vc/nickerson.htm . 5 March 2012 .
  89. Web site: Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010141/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/nunney-cjp-eng.asp. live.
  90. Web site: Christopher O'Kelly. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010146/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/okelly-cpj-eng.asp. dead.
  91. Web site: The Baldwin Project: Heroes of the Great War by G. A. Leask . Mainlesson.com . 26 June 1915 . 23 January 2011 . 17 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120217214523/http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=leask&book=heroes&story=oleary . live .
  92. Considered Irish, but listed here due to residency in Canada
  93. Web site: Michael James O'Rourke. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010151/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/orourke-mj-eng.asp. live.
  94. Web site: John Robert Osbron. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 31 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170331063209/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/osborn-jr-eng.asp. dead.
  95. Web site: John George Pattison . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012629/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/pattison-jg-eng.asp . live .
  96. Web site: George Randolph Pearkes. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010156/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/pearkes-gr-eng.asp. live.
  97. Web site: Cyrus Wesley Peck. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012634/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/peck-cw-eng.asp. live.
  98. Web site: The Canadian Virtual War Memorial. Veteran Affairs Canada. 28 December 2012. 4 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121004003822/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/collections/virtualmem/Detail/2495305. live.
  99. Web site: Walter Leigh Rayfield. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012640/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/rayfield-wl-eng.asp. dead.
  100. Web site: Herbert Taylor Reade Historical Plaque . Ontarioplaques.com . 23 September 2009 . 23 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110828113152/http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_JKL/Plaque_Lanark22.html . 28 August 2011 .
  101. Web site: Arthur Herbert Lindsay Richardson. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010201/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/richardson-ahl-eng.asp. live.
  102. living at time of enlistment at Battleford
  103. first soldier to be awarded the Victoria Cross for actions committed while serving with a Canadian unit (even though under British command)
  104. Web site: James Cleland Richardson. Veteran Affairs Canada. 8 December 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20060517181617/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections%2Fvirtualmem%2FDetail&casualty=183893. 17 May 2006. dead.
  105. Web site: James Peter Robertson. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180710162029/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/robertson-jp-eng.asp. dead.
  106. lived most of his life in Medicine Hat
  107. Web site: Charles Smith Rutherford. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010211/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/rutherford-cs-eng.asp. live.
  108. Web site: Francis Alexander Caron Scrimger. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010216/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/scrimger-fac-eng.asp. live.
  109. Web site: Robert Shankland . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012649/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/shankland-r-eng.asp . live .
  110. Web site: Ellis Welwood Sifton. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010221/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/sifton-ew-eng.asp. dead.
  111. Web site: Bob Sinton, Tandragee, Co. Armagh, Northern Ireland . Sinton Family Trees – Details of Brig. John Alexander Sinton VC, OBE, DL, FRS, MD, DSc, MB, BCh, son of Walter Lyon Sinton and Isabella Mary Pringle, Born 1884, Died 1956 . Bob-sinton.com . 23 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070927051358/http://www.bob-sinton.com/ft_main.php?rin=399 . 27 September 2007 .
  112. Web site: Ernest Alvia Smith. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 8 September 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120908164552/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/smith-ea-eng.asp. dead.
  113. Web site: Robert Spall. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010226/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/spall-r-eng.asp. live.
  114. Web site: Harcus Strachan. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010231/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/strachan-h-eng.asp. live.
  115. Strachan enlisted in a Winnipeg unit but was a farmer in Alberta
  116. Web site: James Edward Tait. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 8 September 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120908164722/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/tait-je-eng.asp. dead.
    Canadian Virtual War Memorial website
  117. Web site: Frederick Albert Tilston. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 7 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150307220200/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/tilston-fa-eng.asp. dead.
  118. Web site: Frederick George Topham. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 19 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141019072536/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/topham-fg-eng.asp. dead.
  119. Web site: Paul Triquet. National Defence and Canadian Forces. 8 December 2010. 5 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150905182127/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/triquet-p-eng.asp. live.
  120. Web site: Richard Ernest William Turner . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110010256/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/turner-rew-eng.asp . live .
  121. Web site: Thomas Orde Lawder Wilkinson . Veteran Affairs Canada . 8 December 2010 . 28 November 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071128131309/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem/Detail&casualty=7600000 . live .
  122. Wilkinson lived in Vancouver and enlisted in a Vancouver unit Overseas, he transferred to the British Army.
  123. Web site: John Francis Young . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012701/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/young-jf-eng.asp . live .
  124. Web site: Raphael Louis Zengel . National Defence and Canadian Forces . 8 December 2010 . 10 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101110012706/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/zengel-rl-eng.asp . live .
  125. Although a U.S. citizen, he grew up on a Saskatchewan farm.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of Canadian Victoria Cross recipients".

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