List of Burmese royal consorts explained

This is a list of the queen consorts of the major kingdoms that existed in present-day Myanmar. Those with the rank of Nan Mibaya (senior queens) are listed.

Primer

Rankings of consorts

See also: Burmese royal titles.

Prior to the Konbaung period (1752–1885), the consorts of the Burmese monarchs were organized in three general tiers: Nan Mibaya (နန်းမိဖုရား, lit. "Queen of the Palace", senior queen), Mibaya (Nge) (မိဖုရား (ငယ်), "(Junior) Queen"), and Ko-lok-taw (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်, concubine).^[1] Starting in the late 18th century, the Konbaung kings inserted the tiers of Hsaungdaw Mibaya (ဆောင်တော် မိဖုရား, lit. "Queen of the Royal Apartment") and Shwe-Yay Hsaung Mibaya (ရွှေရေးဆောင် မိဖုရား, lit. "Queen of the Gilded Chamber") between the tiers of senior queen and junior queen.^[2]

Ladies in waiting such as Apyo-daw (အပျိုတော်, "maiden") and Maung-ma (မောင်းမ, "handmaid") were part of the general staff of the palace.

Senior queens

Each tier had further rankings within it. The order of precedence within the topmost tier was:^[2]

Rank	Title	Description
1.	Nanmadaw Mibaya Khaunggyi (Burmese: နန်းမတော် မိဖုရား ခေါင်ကြီး) or Taung Nan Mibaya (Burmese: တောင်နန်း မိဖုရား)	Chief Queen or Queen of the Southern Palace
2.	Myauk Nan Mibaya (Burmese: မြောက်နန်း မိဖုရား)	Queen of the Northern Palace
3.	Ale Nan Mibaya (Burmese: အလယ်နန်း မိဖုရား)	Queen of the Central Palace
4.	Anauk Nan Mibaya (Burmese: အနောက်နန်း မိဖုရား)	Queen of the Western Palace

Aside from a few rare exceptions, the Queen of the Southern Palace was the official chief queen consort.^[3] In theory, the chief queen consort alone had the right to a white umbrella and to sit with the King on the royal throne.^[4]

Junior queens

Queens of the Second Rank

Rank	Title	Description
1	Taung Hsaungdaw Mibaya (တောင်ဆောင်တော်မိဖုရား)	Queen of the Southern Royal Apartment
2	Myauk Hsaungdaw Mibaya (မြောက်ဆောင်တော်မိဖုရား)	Queen of the Northern Royal Apartment

Queens of the Third Rank

Rank	Title	Description
1	Taung Shwe-Yay Mibaya (တောင်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား)	Queen of the Southern Gilded Chamber
2	Myauk Shwe-Yay Mibaya (မြောက်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား)	Queen of the Northern Gilded Chamber
3	Ale Shwe-Yay Mibaya (အလယ်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား)	Queen of the Central Gilded Chamber
4	Anauk Shwe-Yay Mibaya (အနောက်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား)	Queen Of the Western Gilded Chamber

Queens of the Fourth Rank

Rank	Title	Description
1	Myo-za Mibaya (မြို့စား မိဖုရား)	Queen with township-level appanage
2	Ywa-za Mibaya (ရွာစား မိဖုရား)	Queen with village-level appanage

Concubines

Concubines were called Ko-lok-taw (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်, lit. "one who administers to the royal body") or Chay-daw-din (ခြေတော်တင်, lit. "one on whom the royal feet are placed").^[5]

Concubines

Rank	Title	Description
1	Ko-lok-taw Gyi (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်ကြီး)	Senior Concubine
2	Ko-lok-taw (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်)	Concubine
3	Chay-daw-din (ခြေတော်တင်)	Concubine

Names

The names of the queens, if known, are given according to their most well known common name, which often happens to be the primary name used by the royal chronicles. The chronicle reported names of the queens may be their popular/commonly known name (e.g., Pwa Saw, Nanmadaw Me Nu); formal title (e.g., Agga Mahethi, Sanda Dewi); personal name (e.g., Shin Bo-Me, Yun San); or generic name of the office (Hanthawaddy Mibaya, "Queen of Hanthawaddy"; or Myauk Pyinthe, "Queen of the Northern Palace"). Finally, the names of the queens with no known records are given as "(Unknown)".

Duration of consortship

The "Became consort" and "Ceased to be consort" dates indicate the period in which a given queen was in the role of royal consort—not the duration of marriage.

Pagan dynasty

Early Pagan

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Taung Pyinthe	Chief	?	1001	Saw Rahan II	^[6]
Myauk Pyinthe	North
Ale Pyinthe	Center
Taung Pyinthe	Chief	1001	1014	Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu	^[7]
Myauk Pyinthe	North
	1014	1021
Ale Pyinthe	Center	1001	?
(Unknown)	Chief	1021	1 April 1038	Kyiso
(Unknown)	Chief	1 April 1038	11 August 1044	Sokkate	^[8]
Myauk Pyinthe	North?	August 1044

Pagan Empire

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Agga Mahethi	Chief	1048	1077	Anawrahta	^[9]
Saw Mon Hla	North	1058	1071
Manisanda	North	1070s	11 April 1077
Usaukpan	Chief	11 April 1077	1077/78	Saw Lu	^[10]
Manisanda	North
	Chief	1077/78	April 1084
Apeyadana	Chief	21 April 1084	12th century	Kyansittha	^[11]
Manisanda	North		1112/1113
Khin Tan	Center
Thanbula	Chief	12th century
Yadanabon I	Chief	1112/13	1050s	Sithu I	^[12]
Ti Lawka Sanda Dewi	Center
	Chief	1050s	1167
Yazakumari	West	1112/13	?
Taung Pyinthe (Sithu I)	South
Taung Pyinthe (Narathu)	Chief	1167	February 1171	Narathu	^[13]
Myauk Pyinthe (Narathu)	North
Min Aung Myat	Chief	February 1171	May 1174	Naratheinkha	^[14]
Saw Lat	North
Saw Ahlwan	Center
Weluwaddy	West	April 1174
	Chief	May 1174	1186	Sithu II	^[15]
Min Aung Myat	South		1185?
Saw Lat	North		1190s?
Saw Ahlwan	Center
Taung Pyinthe II (Sithu II)	Chief	1190s	18 August 1211
Myauk Pyinthe II (Sithu II)	North
Wadanthika	Center		1190s
Saw Mya Kan	Center		18 August 1211
Pwadawgyi	Chief	18 August 1211	1231–35	Htilominlo	^[16]
Myauk Pyinthe (Htilominlo)	North
Saw Mi Pyan	Center
Shin Saw	Chief	1231	1235	Naratheinga Uzana	^[17]
Saw Min Waing	North
Yaza Dewi	Chief	19 July 1235	May 1251	Kyaswa	^[18]
Thonlula	Chief	May 1251	May 1256	Uzana	^[19]
Yadanabon II	Chief	6 May 1256	1262	Narathihapate	^[20]
Pwa Saw	North
	Chief	1262	1 July 1287
Pwa Saw of Thitmahti	Chief	30 May 1289	17 December 1297	Kyawswa	^[21]
Saw Soe	North
Mi Saw U	Center

Small kingdoms

Myinsaing

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Saw U	Chief	17 December 1297	13 April 1310	Athinkhaya	^[22]
(Unknown)	Chief		1312/13	Yazathingyan
Mi Saw U	Chief	17 December 1297	7 February 1313	Thihathu
Yadanabon	North	1300

Pinya

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Mi Saw U	Chief	7 February 1313	February 1325	Thihathu	^[23]
Yadanabon	North
Atula Maha Dhamma Dewi	Chief	February 1325	1 September 1340	Uzana I	^[24]
Saw Htut	Chief	1 September 1340	29 March 1344	Sithu	^[25]
Atula Sanda Dewi	Chief	29 March 1344	12 December 1350	Kyawswa I	^[26]
Mway Medaw	North
Saw Omma	Chief	12 December 1350	19 March 1359	Kyawswa II	^[27]
		19 March 1359	May 1364	Narathu
		June 1364	September 1364	Uzana II
Saw Sala	North	June 1364

Sagaing

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Saw Hnaung	Chief	15 May 1315	5 February 1327	Saw Yun	^[28]
		5 February 1327	1335/36	Tarabya I
(Unknown)	Chief	1335/36	August 1339	Anawrahta I
Saw Pa Oh	Chief	August 1339	March 1349	Kyaswa	^[29]
(Unknown)	Chief	March 1349	November 1349	Anawrahta II
(Unknown)	Chief	November 1349	23 February 1352	Tarabya II
Soe Min Kodawgyi	Chief	23 February 1352	April 1364	Thihapate

Ava

House of Myinsaing

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Saw Omma of Pinya	Chief	September 1364	3 September 1367	Thado Minbya	^[30]
Khame Mi	Chief	5 September 1367	1390s	Swa Saw Ke	^[31]
Shin Saw Gyi	North
	Chief	1390s	April 1400
Saw Omma of Sagaing	Center	5 September 1367	1390s
	North	1390s	April 1400
Saw Taw Oo	West	5 September 1367	1390s
	Center	1390s	April 1400
Min Hla Myat	Chief	April 1400	25 November 1400	Tarabya	^[32]
Shin Saw	Chief	25 November 1400	February 1422	Minkhaung I	^[33]
Saw Khway	North
Min Pyan	Center
Shin Mi-Nauk	West	25 November 1400	July 1408
Shin Bo-Me		August 1408	October 1421
Saw Min Hla	Chief	October 1421	August 1425	Thihathu	^[34]
Shin Bo-Me	North
Shin Sawbu	Center	January 1423
Shin Bo-Me	Chief	August 1425	November 1425	Min Hla	^[35]
		by 9 November 1425	16 May 1426	Min Nyo	^[36]

House of Mohnyin

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Shin Myat Hla	Chief	16 May 1426	April 1439	Mohnyin Thado	^[37]
Shin Bo-Me	North
Shin Sawbu	Center	by 31 August 1426	1429		^[38]
Min Hla Nyet	Chief	by 26 April 1439	January 1442	Minye Kyawswa I	^[39]
Atula Thiri Maha Yaza Dewi	Chief	by 11 March 1442	24 July 1468	Narapati I	^[40]
Ameitta Thiri Maha Dhamma Dewi	Chief	24 July 1468	August 1480	Thihathura I	^[41]
Atula Thiri Dhamma Dewi	Chief	August 1480	7 April 1501	Minkhaung II	^[42]
Tanzaung Mibaya (Minkhaung II)	North
Salin Minthami	Chief	1485/86	4 March 1501	Thihathura II	^[43]
		18 April 1501	14 March 1527	Narapati II	^[44]
Salin Minthami Lat	North		June 1501
Min Taya Hnamadaw	North	July 1501	14 March 1527
Dhamma Dewi	Center	February 1502
Taungdwin Mibaya	West

Confederation of Shan states

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
(Unknown)	Chief	14 March 1527	January 1533	Sawlon	^[45]
(Unknown)	Chief	January 1533	May 1542	Thohanbwa
(Unknown)	Chief	June 1542	September 1545	Hkonmaing
(Unknown)	Chief	September 1545	October 1551	Narapati III
Narapati Mibaya	Chief	October 1551	22 January 1555	Narapati IV	^[46]

Prome

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Saw Myat Lay	Chief	1482	?	Thado Minsaw	^[47]
Shwe Zin Gon	Chief	February 1527	December 1532	Bayin Htwe	^[48]
Chit Mi	North
Thiri Hpone Htut	Chief	December 1532	February 1539	Narapati	^[49]
		February 1539	19 May 1542	Minkhaung	^[50]

Ramanya

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
May Hnin Thwe-Da	Chief	30 January 1287	14 January 1307	Wareru	^[51]
Shin Saw Hla	North?	1293			^[52]
(Unknown)	Chief	by 28 January 1307	March 1311	Hkun Law
May Hnin Htapi	Chief	10 April 1311	September 1323	Saw O	^[53]
Sanda Min Hla I	Chief	by 28 September 1323	April 1330	Saw Zein	^[54]
May Hnin Htapi	North
(Unknown)	Chief	April 1330	April 1330	Zein Pun
Sanda Min Hla I	Chief	April 1330	May 1330	Saw E	^[55]
		May 1330	1348	Binnya E Law	^[56]
Tala Shin Saw Bok	North	May 1330	1348
Sanda Min Hla II	Chief	1348	1365	Binnya U	^[57]
Hnin An Daung	North
	Chief	1365	2 January 1384
Sanda Dewi	Center	1348	1365
	North	1365	2 January 1384
Thiri Yaza Dewi	West	1348	1365
	Center	1365	2 January 1384
Thiri Maya Dewi I	West	1365	28 January 1368
Piya Yaza Dewi	Chief	5 January 1384	April 1392	Razadarit	^[58]
Tala Mi Daw	North		March 1390
Yaza Dewi	Chief	April 1392	1421
Lawka Dewi	North
Thiri Maya Dewi II	Center
Mi Ta-Lat	Principal (Chief?)	1421	1424	Binnya Dhammaraza	^[59]
Yaza Dewi	Chief	1424	1446?	Binnya Ran I	^[60] ^[61]
Soe Min Wimala Dewi	Principal	1431	1446
Ye Mibaya	Chief	1446	30 May 1451	Binnya Waru
(Unknown)	Chief	30 May 1451	June 1453	Binnya Kyan
(Unknown)	Chief	June 1453	January 1451	Leik Munhtaw
None	N/A	January 1451	1471	Shin Sawbu	^[62]
Yaza Dewi II	Chief	1471	1492	Dhammazedi	^[63]
Wihara Dewi	Chief
Agga Thiri Maya Dewi	Chief	1492?	1526?	Binnya Ran II	^[64]
	North
Atula Dewi	Principal
Yaza Dewi III	Principal
(Unknown)	Chief	1526	1539	Taka Yut Pi	^[65]
Minkhaung Medaw	North?	by 1535
(Unknown)	Chief	June 1550	August 1550	Smim Sawhtut
(Unknown)	Chief	August 1550	12 March 1552	Smim Htaw

Arakan

House of Launggyet

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Saw Sit II	Chief	May 1429	9 May 1433	Saw Mon	^[66]
Saw Pyauk	North	1430
Saw Paba	Chief	9 May 1433	January 1459	Khayi	^[67]
Saw Pyinsa	North
Saw Yin Mi	Center	1437
Saw Nandi	Chief	January 1459	5 August 1482	Saw Phyu	^[68]
Saw Htin	North
Thu Rakhaing	Chief	5 August 1482	February 1492	Dawlya	^[69]
Shwe Einthe	North
Saw Htwe Me	Chief	February 1492	January 1494	Saw Nyo
Saw Nandi	North
Min Gahna	Center
Saw Shin Saw	Chief	January 1494	July 1494	Ran Aung
Saw Mi Saw	Chief	July 1494	February 1502	Salingathu	^[70]
Saw Thuba	Chief	February 1502	November 1513	Raza I
Shin Pwa	North
Shin Pyo	Center
Saw Thuza	Chief	November 1513	January 1515	Gazapati	^[71]
Taung Nan Mibaya	Chief	January 1515	July 1515	Saw O	^[72]
Saw Nanzet	Chief	July 1515	April 1421	Thazata
		April 1421	27 May 1531	Minkhaung
Saw Min Hla	Chief	27 May 1531	11 January 1554	Min Bin	^[73]
Saw Kauk Ma I	North
Minkhaung Medaw	Center?	by 1540
Saw Thanda	Chief	11 January 1554	6 March 1556	Dikkha	^[74]
Saw Mi Lat	North
Saw Kauk Ma II	Center
Saw Hpone Htut	Chief	6 March 1556	24 July 1564	Saw Hla	^[75]
Saw Thanda	North
Dhamma Dewi I	Chief	24 July 1564	1565–68	Sekkya	^[76]
Saw Thanda	North
	Chief	1565–68	7 February 1572
Saw Mi Taw	Chief	7 February 1572	4 July 1593	Phalaung	^[77]
Saw Thanda	South
Shin Lat I	Center
Saw U	North
Wizala Dewi	Chief	4 July 1593	4 July 1612	Raza II	^[78]
Pyinsala Sanda	North		?
Thupaba Dewi	Center
Zalaka Dewi	West
Khin Ma Hnaung	North?	19 December 1599	4 July 1612?
Saw Phyu	Center?	17th century
Dhamma Dewi II	Chief	4 July 1612	14 May 1622	Khamaung	^[79]
Shin Htwe	North
Thupaba Dewi	Center
Natshin Me	Chief	14 May 1622	29 May 1638	Thiri Thudhamma I	^[80]
Hmauk Taw Ma I	North
Win Lon	Center	1630s?
	Chief	29 May 1638	17 June 1638	Sanay	^[81]

Late Mrauk-U

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Natshin Me	Chief	17 June 1638	13 December 1645	Narapati	^[82]
Yadana I	Chief	13 December 1645	May 1652	Thado	^[83]
Shin Lat II	South
Saw Bo-Me	North
Saw Phyu	West
Yadana II	Chief	May 1652	11 June 1674	Sanda Thudhamma	^[84]
Thuwana Kalaya	Chief	11 June 1674	16 April 1685	Thiri Thudhamma II	^[85]
Thukomma	Chief	16 April 1685	20 June 1692	Wara Dhamma	^[86]
Thubara	Chief	20 June 1692	7 November 1693	Mani Thudhamma	^[87]
Thukomma	Chief	7 November 1693	3 February 1694	Wara Dhamma
Thubara	Chief	20 December 1694	17 February 1695	Sanda Thuriya I
Thukomma	Chief	17 February 1695	11 April 1696	Wara Dhamma
Thubara	Chief	11 April 1696	4 August 1696	Sanda Thuriya I
Thukhuma	Chief	4 August 1696	18 August 1696	Nawrahta	^[88]
Eindama	Chief	18 August 1696	13 May 1697	Marompiya
Pwa Me	Chief	13 May 1697	5 June 1698	Kalamandat	^[89]
Nan Htet Mibaya I	Chief	5 June 1698	17 June 1700	Naradipati I
Pwa Saw	Chief	17 June 1700	30 March 1707	Sanda Wimala I
Pwa Thway	Chief	3 April 1707	August 1710	Sanda Thuriya II	^[90]
Shwe Ku	Chief	August 1710	October 1719	Sanda Wizaya I	^[91]
(Unknown)	Chief	October 1719	April 1731
Hmauk Taw Ma II	Chief	April 1731	1734	Sanda Thuriya III	^[92]
Nan Htet Mibaya II	Chief	1734	1735	Naradipati II	^[93]
		1735	August 1737	Narapawara
		August 1737	25 March 1738	Sanda Wizaya II
Shwe Yi	Chief	28 March 1738	6 February 1743	Madarit	^[94]
Saw Thanda II	Chief	6 February 1743	28 October 1761	Nara Apaya
Tanzaung Mibaya	Chief	28 October 1761	3 February 1762	Thirithu	^[95]
Aung Kyawt San	Chief	3 February 1762	1 May 1764	Sanda Parama
Saw Shwe Kya	Chief	1 May 1764	17 January 1774	Apaya	^[96]
Pan Thuza	Chief	17 January 1774	22 April 1777	Sanda Thumana	^[97]
Ma Me Gyi	North	27 August 1775
Da Phyu	Chief	23 April 1777	2 June 1777	Sanda Wimala II	^[98]
Sein Khaing	Center	?
	Chief	2 June 1777	June 1778	Sanda Thaditha	^[99]
Aung Me	South		3 November 1782
Chi Me	Chief	11 June 1778
Saw Me Pon	Chief	4 November 1782	2 January 1785	Maha Thammada	^[100]

Toungoo dynasty

House of Toungoo

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Soe Min Hteik-Tin	Chief	16 October 1510	24 November 1530?	Mingyi Nyo	^[101]
Thiri Maha Sanda Dewi	North
Yadana Dewi	Center
Maha Dewi	West
Dhamma Dewi	Chief	24 November 1530	30 April 1550	Tabinshwehti	^[102]
Khin Myat	North
Khay Ma Naw	Co-chief	May 1545
Atula Thiri	Chief	30 April 1550	15 June 1568	Bayinnaung	^[103]
Sanda Dewi	North	April 1553
	Chief	15 June 1568	10 October 1581
Yaza Dewi	Center	17 March 1563	13 September 1564
Hanthawaddy Mibaya	Chief	10 October 1581	19 December 1599	Nanda	^[104]
Min Phyu	South	5 May 1583	4 May 1596
Thiri Yaza Dewi	North		19 December 1599
Min Htwe	Center
Min Taya Medaw	West	1583

House of Nyaungyan

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Khin Hpone Myint	Chief	19 December 1599	5 November 1605	Nyaungyan
Atula Sanda Dewi I	Chief	8 February 1609	9 July 1628	Anaukpetlun	^[105]
Khin Hnin Paw	Chief	9 July 1628	19 August 1629	Minye Deibba	^[106]
Khin Myo Sit	Chief	19 August 1629	27 August 1648	Thalun	^[107]
Atula Sanda Dewi II	Chief	27 August 1648	3 June 1661	Pindale	^[108]
Min Phyu	Chief	3 June 1661	14 April 1672	Pye	^[109]
None	N/A	14 April 1672	27 February 1673	Narawara	^[110]
Atula Thiri Maha Dewi	Chief	27 February 1673	4 May 1698	Minye Kyawhtin	^[111]
Sanda Dewi	North
Yaza Dewi	Center
Maha Dewi	Chief	4 May 1698	22 August 1714	Sanay	^[112]
Thiri Dewi	North
Nanda Dewi	Center
Thiri Maha Mingala Dewi	Chief	22 August 1714	14 November 1733	Taninganway	^[113]
Thiri Sanda Dewi	North
Thiri Dhamma Dewi	Center
Maha Nanda Dipadi Dewi	Chief	14 November 1733	22 March 1752	Maha Dhamma Yaza Dipadi	^[114]
Maha Yaza Dipadi Dewi	North
Maha Dipadi Dewi	Center

Restored Hanthawaddy

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Thiri Seitta	Chief	January 1741	January 1747	Smim Htaw	^[115]
Hanthawaddy Mibaya II	Chief	January 1747	6 May 1757	Binnya Dala	^[116]
Thiri Zeya Mingala Dewi	North	22 March 1752	29 December 1756

Konbaung dynasty

width=15%	Consort	width=5%	Rank	width=10%	Became consort	width=10%	Ceased to be consort	width=10%	Spouse	width=5%	Notes
Yun San	Chief	29 February 1752	11 May 1760	Alaungpaya	^[117]
Maha Mingala Yadana Dewi	Chief	11 May 1760	28 November 1763	Naungdawgyi	^[118]
Mingala Dewi	North
Thiri Atula Maha Yadana Padomma Dewi	Chief	28 November 1763	10 June 1776	Hsinbyushin	^[119]
Thiri Thuriya Nanda Maha Mingala Dewi	North
Maha Mingala Sanda Dewi I	Center
Maha Yadana Sanda Dewi	Chief	10 June 1776	5 February 1782	Singu	^[120]
Thiri Maha Mingala Dewi I	North		20 May 1777
Thiri Maha Nanda Dewi	Center
	North	20 May 1777	5 February 1782
Maha Mingala Sanda Dewi II	Center
Thiri Sanda Mahay	West
Shin Paik Thaung	Chief	5 February 1782	11 February 1782	Phaungka
Thiri Nanda Dewi	North
Mingala Yadana Dewi	Chief	11 February 1782	24 February 1807	Bodawpaya	^[121]
Thiri Maha Sandabi Yadana Dewi I	North		4 January 1807
Thiri Maha Nandabi Yadana Dewi I	Center		3 September 1789
Thiri Maha Mingala Dewi II	Center	3 September 1789	5 June 1819
Thiri Maha Yadana Dewi I	North	4 January 1807	10 July 1812
Nanmadaw Me Nu	Chief	5 June 1819	15 April 1837	Bagyidaw	^[122]
Thiri Kalaya Sanda Dewi	North	3 November 1819	23 February 1824
Thiri Paba Malla Dewi	Center		February 1824
Thiri Maha Mingala Dewi III	North	23 February 1824	15 April 1837
Thiri Maha Sanda Dewi	Center
Thiri Malla Yadana Mahay	West
Thiri Pawara Ti Lawka Maha Yadana Padomma Dewi	Chief	15 April 1837	17 November 1846	Tharrawaddy	^[123]
Thiri Maha Nandabi Yadana Dewi II	North
Thiri Maha Sandabi Yadana Dewi II	Center
Thiri Thu Yadana Dewi II	West		16 October 1845
Thiri Ti Lawka Maha Yadana Dewi	Chief	17 November 1846	18 February 1853	Pagan	^[124]
Thiri Maha Yadana Dewi II	North
Thiri Ti Lawka Atula Yadana Dewi	Center
Thiri Thu Yadana Mingala Dewi	Center
Thiri Pawara Maha Yazeinda Yadana Dewi	Chief	26 March 1853	12 November 1876	Mindon	^[125]
Thiri Maha Yadana Mingala Dewi	North		3 May 1872
Maha Yazeinda Dipadi Padomma Yadana Dewi	Center		1 October 1878
Thiri Maha Thu Sanda Dewi	West		26 July 1855
Thiri Maha Yadana Dewi	West	26 July 1855	1 October 1878
Supayagyi	Chief	30 October 1878	12 April 1879	Thibaw	^[126]
Supayalat	North	18 November 1878
	Chief	12 April 1879	29 November 1885

See also

• List of Burmese leaders
• List of Burmese monarchs
• Burmese monarchs' family tree

Bibliography

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• Book: Aung-Thwin, Michael A. . Michael Aung-Thwin . Maitrii Aung-Thwin . A History of Myanmar Since Ancient Times . illustrated . University of Hawai'i Press . 2012 . Honolulu . 978-1-86189-901-9.
• Book: Aung-Thwin, Michael A. . Michael Aung-Thwin . Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century . University of Hawai'i Press . 2017 . Honolulu . 978-0-8248-6783-6.
• Ba Shin . Bo-Hmu . Ba Shin . The Pwa Saws of Bagan . Burma Historical Research Department Silver Jubilee Publication . University of Yangon . Yangon . 1966 . 1982 . my . 2015-06-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001643/http://www.lib.washington.edu/myanmar/pdfs/BS0002.pdf . 2016-03-04 . dead .
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• Than Tun . Than Tun . History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400 . Journal of Burma Research Society . December 1959 . XLII . II.
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• Yi Yi . Life at the Burmese Court under the Konbaung Kings . Burma Historical Research Department Silver Jubilee Publication . University of Yangon . 1960 . 1982 . Yangon . 2015-06-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050802/http://www.lib.washington.edu/myanmar/pdfs/YI0012a.pdf . 2016-03-04 . dead .

Notes and References

1. (Than Tun 1964: 129): The Pagan period (849–1297) term for Nan Mibaya was Pyinthe (ပြင်သည်), and the term Usaukpan (ဦးဆောက်ပန်း) also meant the chief queen. (Harvey 1925: 327): Usaukpan was an Old Burmese direct translation of Pali Vatamsaka, an artificial flower of silver or gold used as a hair ornament.
2. Yi Yi 1982: 103–104
3. In Burma Proper, it was extremely rare for a queen of the Southern Palace to not also be the chief queen. According to the rankings reported in the chronicles, Sithu II (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 287) and Nanda (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 107) had South Queens who were not their chief queen. In the Mrauk-U Kingdom on the west coast, three kings—Min Khamaung (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 87, 89), Thado (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 115), Sanda Thaditha (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 147, 149)—had South Queens who were not their chief queen.
4. Scott 1900: 122
5. Hla Pe 116
6. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 227
7. Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 93
8. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 228
9. Chronicles (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 267–268) mention Agga Mahethi and Manisanda as Anawrahta's two senior queens towards the end of his reign. Per (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 255–256), Queen Saw Mon Hla was sent back to her native land about six years before his death.
10. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 274
11. See (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 279) for Kyansittha's four senior queens. (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 283) says Thanbula showed up with Kyansittha's son at the palace after the king had anointed Sithu I as heir apparent, and that the king raised her to queen with the title of Usaukpan, which meant the chief queen. Since Sithu I was born in 1090, she could have come in the 1090s at the earliest. Her getting the title probably meant the first chief queen Apeyadana had died. But Queen Apeyadana was still alive in 1102; it means Thanbula probably came to the palace in the 1100s.
12. (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 287): All four of Sithu's senior queens (not just the chief queen) participated in his coronation ceremony. The South Queen, Taung Pyinthe, technically should have been the chief queen but the royal chronicles list her fourth in line behind Yadanabon, Ti Lawka Sanda Dewi and Yazakumari. Later, Sanda Dewi succeeded Yadanabon as chief queen. (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 287, 302): Late in his regin, Sithu II raised two other queens: Khin U and Princess Pabhavati of Padeikkaya. Though the chronicles do not explicitly say they were senior queens, they probably graduated to the rank, especially toward the end of the reign. His remaining three senior queens probably might not have lived as long as the king who lived to 77.
13. None of the main chronicles has a record of the names of the queens of Narathu. Yazawin Thit (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 122) explicitly says no records of his queens could be found. Yazawin Thit and Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 312) mention only that Naratheinkha and Sithu II had the same mother. Per scholarship, (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 124, footnote 2, citing Than Tun), their mother was the North Queen. It means there was a South Queen.
14. See (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 312) and (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 124) for the names of the Chief and North queens; and (Than Tun 1964: 129) for Saw Ahlwan (Saw Hteikhta in Modern Burmese per Than Tun).
15. Per (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 317), Sithu II took all his brother's senior queens as his at the start of his reign. Per inscriptional evidence (Than Tun 1964: 129), the king had at least six senior queens during his reign. Queen Weluwaddy died in 1186 per (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 321). Sithu II kept separate chief and South queens at least with Weluwaddy and Min Aung Myat.
16. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 330
17. Chronicles do not mention Naratheinga Uzana as king at all. Per (Than Tun 1964: 131–132), contemporary inscriptions say that Uzana, who was crown prince, was now the ruler or at least the regent. Some historians such as Htin Aung (Htin Aung 1970: 43) and Michael Aung-Thwin (Aung-Thwin and Aung-Thwin 2012: 99) do not accept that Uzana was king.
18. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 360
19. Than Tun 1964: 134
20. Chronicles (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 358) mention Pwa Saw as the only senior queen and the rest as junior queens. Per inscriptional evidence (Ba Shin 1982: 37), Pwa Saw's sister Yadanabon was the first chief queen of Narathihapate.
21. Chronicles (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 360) mention only Saw Soe as the senior queen. But inscriptional evidence (Ba Shin 1982: 41–43) shows Saw Thitmahti was the chief queen, certainly by 1296.
22. Than Tun 1964: 277
23. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 371–372
24. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 377
25. Than Tun 1959: 124
26. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 380
27. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 384–385
28. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 360
29. Than Tun 1959: 127
30. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 400
31. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 404
32. Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 437
33. (Than Tun 1959: 125–126): An inscription dated 28 February 1409 by Queen Saw says she was a granddaughter of King Swa Saw Ke by Shin Saw Gyi. Per (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 440), Shin Saw (known as Hsinbyushin), Saw Khway and Min Pyan were sisters.
34. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 53–54, 57
35. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 58
36. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 59
37. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 62
38. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 63
39. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 61, 80
40. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 83
41. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 100
42. (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 111): Yazawin Thit gives Mi Pongyi of Prome as the third senior queen but Hmannan rejects it.
43. Salin Minthami became co-chief queen in 1485/86 per (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 111), and chief queen in 1501 per (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 120).
44. (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 120): Min Taya Hnamadaw of Yamethin became queen soon after her father Minye Kyawswa's death in Waso 863 ME (15 June 1501 to 14 July 1501). (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 121): Dhamma Dewi of Pakhan and Taungdwin Mibaya became queens in Tabaung 863 ME (6 February 1502 to 7 March 1502). See (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 136–137) for the complete list of senior queens and issue.
45. The main royal chronicles do not have any record of the chief queens of Ava between 1527 and 1551. The title of the chief queen of Shan states was Maha Dewi, certainly by the Toungoo period.
46. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 153
47. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 83–84, 113
48. Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 80, 88
49. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 140
50. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 195, 213
51. Pan Hla 2005: 19
52. Pan Hla 2005: 30
53. Pan Hla 2005: 38
54. Pan Hla 2005: 39
55. Pan Hla 2005: 42
56. Pan Hla 2005: 42
57. See (Pan Hla 2005: 44–45, 47) for a list of Binnya U's queens. (Pan Hla 2005: 57): Queen Sanda Min Hla II died during the rebellion by Byattaba during the 1360s. (Pan Hla 2005: 61): Thiri Maya Dewi died soon after having given birth to Razadarit.
58. (Pan Hla 2005: 158–160): Tala Mi Daw, the first wife of Razadarit, was never his chief queen. Per (Pan Hla 2005: 193), she committed suicide soon after Razadarit's coronation ceremony March 1391.
    According to Razadarit Ayedawbon (Pan Hla 2005: 203), Piya Yaza Dewi died, and Razadarit raised Yaza Dewi, Lawka Dewi and Thiri Maya Dewi as queens Kason 755 ME (11 April 1393 to 10 May 1393) soon after King Swa Saw Ke's campaign near Tharrawaddy. But Hmannan Yazawin (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 432) says Swa's campaign took place a year earlier.
    (Pan Hla 2005: 241, 266): Razadarit also raised two other queens Saw Pyei Chantha and her mother Shin Mi-Nauk in 1408 in addition to Saw Pyei Chantha's aunt Thupaba Dewi who was sent over to Razadarit in a marriage of state in 1403.
59. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003:48
60. Pan Hla 2005: 368, footnote 1
61. Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 74
62. Shin Sawbu was the country's only historically verifiable queen regnant. According to Arakanese history (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 18–19), Saw Yin Mi was queen regnant of Sandoway (Thandwe) in the 1430s.
63. Shwe Naw 1922: 65
64. Ran's most senior queens in April 1495 per (Aung-Thwin 2017: 278–279). It is unclear if any of the queens lasted his entire reign.
65. The only known queen of Taka Yut Pi in the chronicles was Minkhaung Medaw (known as Pegu Mibaya). But she most likely could not have been the chief queen. Per Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 195–196), Minkhaung Medaw was sent to Pegu (Bago) as part of the formation of an alliance between Prome and Pegu against Toungoo.
66. Rakhine Razawin Thit Vol. 2 1999: 12
67. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 18–19
68. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 23
69. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 25
70. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 26
71. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 27
72. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 28
73. See (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 29, 34) for Saw Min Hla and Saw Kauk Ma. Rakhine Razawin Thit (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 33) says Minkhaung Medaw was presented by King Tabinshwehti on 27 February 1547. But per (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 195–196), she was sent to Mrauk-U 1540 by King Minkhaung of Prome.
74. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 35, 46
75. (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 46): Saw Thanda's official title during Saw Hla's reign was Tanzaung Mibaya.
76. (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 47): Dhamma Dewi died sometime between Thadingyut 927 (5 October to 2 November 1565) and Thadingyut 930 (1 October to 29 October 1568), and was succeeded by Saw Thanda.
77. Phalaung's queens apparently were not ranked according to tradition. Per (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 48), Saw Mi Taw was the chief queen, followed by Saw Thanda the South Queen. The third ranked queen Shin Lat was officially "Nan Htet Mibaya" (Burmese: နန်းထက် မိဖုရား), "Queen of the Exalted Palace"), followed by Saw U the North Queen.
78. The chronicle Rakhine Razawin Thit (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 87) says Raza II had nine senior queens during his reign but gives only six names. "Nine" was most likely a typographical/copying error since Burmese numerals six (Burmese: ၆) and nine (Burmese: ၉) are very similar. Khin Ma Hnaung's official title was Tanzaung Mibaya (Burmese: တန်ဆောင်း မိဖုရား, "Queen of the Royal Hall"), which was likely the title of the second ranked queen. (Saw Thanda, the second ranked queen, during Saw Hla's reign was also Tanzaung Mibaya per (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 46). Similarly, Nan Htet Mibaya apparently was the title of the third ranked queen; Thupaba Dewi, the third ranked queen of Raza II, was Nan Htet Mibaya. Furthermore, the chronicle does not mention if any of the queens lived to the end of Raza II's reign. The chief queen presumably made it since there is no mention of other chief queens.
79. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 87, 89
80. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 92
81. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 96
82. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 99
83. Another case of the South Queen not being the chief per (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 115)
84. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 116
85. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 117
86. (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 118): Several people, including queens, concubines and their attendants, died during a major fire at the palace on 16 February 1686. Presumably, Thukomma survived the fire since the chronicle reports no other chief queen of Wara.
87. (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 119–120): The Palace Guards installed and removed their puppet kings Wara Dhamma, Mani Thudhamma and Sanda Thuriya I, as they pleased.
88. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 121
89. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 123
90. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 126
91. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 127–128
92. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 132
93. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 133–134
94. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 135
95. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 138
96. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 140
97. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 141, 145
98. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 146–147
99. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 147, 149
100. RRT Vol. 2 1999: 153
101. Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 89
102. (Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 127, footnote 2): According to Sein Lwin Lay, Tabinshwehti may not have had a chief queen in the formal sense that he never formally had a formal coronation ceremony with any of his queens; and Khay Ma Naw, whom the king married at the 1545 coronation, nonetheless was not mentioned as his chief queen either.
103. Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 68
104. This is a rare instance where the South Queen was not the chief queen. The two standard chronicles Maha Yazawin (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 103) and Hmannan Yazawin (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 107) both say that Min Phyu, Min Htwe and Min Pu were South, Center and North Queens, respectively, while Hanthawaddy was the chief queen. Yazawin Thit (Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 239) omits the ranks of Min Phyu and Min Htwe, and confirms only that Thiri Yaza Dewi was the North Queen. All chronicles list Min Taya Medaw as the fifth senior queen but do not say when she became a senior queen. She certainly should have become a senior queen after the death of Min Phyu in 1596.
105. Hmannan Vol. 3: 150, 189
106. Chronicles, which regard Minye Deibba as a usurper, do not list any of his "queens". Per (Hmannan Vol. 3: 189), Khin Hnin Paw was his lover. Presumably, she was his "queen" during his short reign.
107. Hmannan Vol. 3: 249
108. Hmannan Vol. 3: 250, 268
109. Hmannan Vol. 3: 250, 286
110. (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 289): Narawara had no queens or concubines whatsoever.
111. Hmannan Vol. 3: 321
112. Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 353–354
113. Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 364–365
114. Hmannan Vol. 3: 395
115. (Lieberman 1984: 215–216): Smim Htaw came to power on . Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 373) says the Lord of Chiang Mai sent his daughter soon after.
116. Chronicles (Konbaung Set Vol. 1 simply call Binnya Dala's chief queen Hanthawaddy Shin Mibaya (lit. Queen of Hanthawaddy). Her title or personal name is not known. (Konbaung Set Vol. 1 2004: 187): Thiri Zeya Mingala Dewi, Princess of Manipur, became Binnya Dala's queen after the fall of Ava (Inwa) on 22 March 1752. She came along with Gen. Dalaban who submitted to Alaungpaya on 9th waxing of Pyatho 1118 ME (29 December 1756). She later became a concubine of Alaungpaya per (Konbaung Set Vol. 1 2004: 197).
117. Konbaung Set Vol. 1 2004: 247
118. Konbaung Set Vol. 1 2004: 264
119. Konbaung Set Vol. 1 2004: 367–368
120. Konbaung Set Vol. 1 2004: 371
121. Konbaung Set Vol. 2 2004: 157–158
122. Konbaung Set Vol. 2 2004: 168–169
123. Konbaung Set Vol. 2 2004: 405–406
124. Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 56
125. Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 306
126. (Konbaung Set Vol. 3 2004: 323, 344–345): Su Paya Gyi's nominal reign as chief queen officially ended at the coronation ceremony held at the start of Thingyan (new year's festival) of 1241 ME.