List of Brutalist architecture in the United States explained

This is a list of buildings that are examples of the Brutalist architectural style in the United States.

Alabama

• University Chapel, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee

Alaska

• Z.J. Loussac Public Library, Anchorage (1986)

Arizona

• Phoenix Symphony Hall, Phoenix

Arkansas

• Bank of America Plaza, Little Rock^[1]

California

• All original Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) stations, San Francisco Bay Area (1972–73)
• Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (former campus on Bancroft Way), UC Berkeley, (Mario Ciampi, 1970)
• Briggs Hall, University of California, Davis (unknown, 1971) (Smith Barker Hanssen, architects)
• Cal Poly Pomona College of Environmental Design
• Campus of the University of California, Irvine
  • Claire Trevor School of the Arts
  • Crawford Hall (Irvine)
• Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption, San Francisco
• Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, Los Angeles
• Crafton Hills Community College, Yucaipa
• Earl Warren College
• Embarcadero Substation, San Francisco
• Embarcadero Center, San Francisco (John C. Portman Jr., 1968)
• Evans Hall (UC Berkeley)
• Geisel Library, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (William Pereira, 1970)
• Hilton San Francisco Financial District
• Huntington Beach Public Library
• Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport
• Inglewood City Hall, Inglewood, California
• Irvine High School
• Oakland Museum of California, Oakland (Kevin Roche, 1969)
• Portsmouth Square pedestrian bridge
• Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla
• Sam Bell Pavilion, La Jolla
• Samitaur, Los Angeles
• San Diego Stadium, San Diego, (Frank L. Hope & Associates, 1967)^[2] (demolished)
• Sears, Roebuck and Company Pacific Coast Territory Administrative Offices, Alhambra
• Sheats Goldstein House, Los Angeles
• St. Basil's Catholic Church, Los Angeles
• UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design, Baur-Wurster Hall Berkeley, Vernon DeMars, (1964)
• Vaillancourt Fountain, Justin Herman Plaza, San Francisco (Armand Vaillancourt, 1971)
• Yosemite Hall, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo (Falk & Booth, 1969)^[3]

Colorado

• Arapahoe Community College, Littleton (1974)
• Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Denver Branch, Denver
• Mesa Laboratory, Boulder (1966)
• Engineering Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder (1965)

Connecticut

• Becton Engineering and Applied Science Center, Yale University, New Haven
• Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, New Haven
• Community Services Building, New Haven
• Crawford Manor
• Dixwell Avenue Congregational United Church of Christ
• Ezra Stiles and Samuel Morse Colleges, Yale University, New Haven
• Homer D. Babbidge Library
• Hotel Marcel (former Pirelli Tire Building), New Haven (Marcel Breuer & Robert F. Gatje, 1969)
• Kline Biology Tower
• Knights of Columbus Building, New Haven
• Louis Micheels House
• New Haven Central Fire Station, New Haven
• New Haven Coliseum, New Haven (Kevin Roche / John Dinkeloo & Associates, 1972) (demolished 2006–2007)
• Rudolph Hall, New Haven (Paul Rudolph, 1963)
• Temple Street Parking Garage, New Haven

Delaware

• I. M. Pei Building, Wilmington^[4]

Florida

• 1111 Lincoln Road, Miami
• Disney's Contemporary Resort, Walt Disney World (Welton Becket, 1971)
• Mailman Center for Child Development, Miami
• Metrorail stations, early 1980s heavy metro system (1984)
• Miami-Dade County School Board Administration Building South Tower, Miami
• Office in the Grove, Coconut Grove, Miami (Kenneth Treister, 1972)
• Orlando Public Library, Orlando (John M. Johansen, 1966)
• The University of Florida Levin College of Law
• National Hurricane Center headquarters, Miami

Georgia

• AmericasMart Building 3, Atlanta
• Atlanta Central Library, Atlanta
• Atlanta Marriott Marquis, Atlanta
• CNN Center, Atlanta
• Colony Square, Atlanta
• Park Place on Peachtree condominiums, Atlanta (Ted Levy, 1984–1987)

DeKalb County

Structures include:^[5]

• Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co., 2204 LaVista Road NE (ca. 1970)
• Robert T. "Bobby" Burgess Building, DeKalb County Police Department, 3610 Camp Drive (1972)
• First National Bank of Atlanta, 2849 N. Druid Hills Road NE (ca. 1973)
• Clairemont Oaks, 441 Clairemont Avenue (1973-1975)
• DeKalb County Parking Deck, 125 W. Trinity Place (1974)
• Brevard Professional Building, 246 Sycamore Street (1974)
• Woodruff Health Sciences Center Administrative Building (WHSCAB) at Emory University, 1440 Clifton Road (1976)
• Emory Rehabilitation Hospital, 1441 Clifton Road (1976)
• Coan Recreation Center, 1530 Woodbine Avenue SE (1976)
• Bank of America, 155 Clairemont Avenue (ca. 1982)
• Kensington Marta Station, 3350 Kensington Road (1993)

Hawaii

• Hawaii State Capitol
• Hawai'i Hochi Building
• Jefferson Hall, East–West Center

Idaho

• Intermountain Gas Building, Boise^[6]
• Whiting House, Sun Valley^[7]

Illinois

• Arthur J. Schmitt Academic Center, DePaul University. Chicago (C.F. Murphy and Associates, 1968)^{[8] [9]}
• Blue Cross-Blue Shield Building
• Cummings Life Sciences Center, Chicago
• Faner Hall (SIUC), Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale (1974)
• Henry Hinds Laboratory, Chicago
• Joseph Regenstein Library, University of Chicago (Walter Netsch, 1970)
• Kirsch Residence, Oak Park
• Lincoln Executive Plaza, Chicago
• Marina City, Chicago
• Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago
• Norris University Center
• Northwestern University Library, Evanston, (Walter Netsch, 1966–70)
• Old Prentice Women's Hospital Building
• Raymond Hilliard Homes, Chicago* Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon, Washington Park, Springfield, Bill Turley, (1962)
• University Hall (University of Illinois Chicago)
• Will County Courthouse, Joliet (1969)^[10]

Indiana

• Bracken Library
• Clowes Memorial Hall, Butler University, Indianapolis, Evans Woollen III and John M. Johansen, (1963)
• College Life Insurance Company of America Headquarters, Indianapolis
• Eskenazi Museum of Art, Bloomington (I. M. Pei, 1982)
• Herman B. Wells Library, Indiana University, Bloomington (Eggers & Higgins, 1966–69)
• Indiana University Musical Arts Center, Indiana University, Bloomington (Woollen, Molzan and Partners, 1972)
• Minton–Capehart Federal Building, Indianapolis (Evans Woollen III, Woollen, Molzan and Partners, 1976)^[11]
• Southside Junior High School, Columbus

Iowa

• Carver Hall
• Civic Center of Greater Des Moines
• Iowa State Center

Kansas

• Wichita Central Library, Wichita (Schaefer, Schirmer & Eflin, 1965-1967)
• Kansas Judicial Center, Topeka^[12]

Kentucky

• Kentucky International Convention Center
• Patterson Office Tower

Louisiana

Structures include^[13]

• Baton Rouge River Center
• Hale Boggs Memorial Bridge
• Lafayette Parish courthouse
• Louisiana National Bank Building.
• Tangipahoa Parish courthouse

Maine

• Franklin Towers
• University of Maine School of Law Building

Maryland

• Baltimore County Circuit Courthouses, Towson
• Morris A. Mechanic Theatre, Baltimore (John M. Johansen, 1967) (demolished 2014)

Massachusetts

• 177 Huntington
• 320 Newbury Street (Boston Architectural College), Boston (Ashley, Myer & Associates, 1966)
• Alewife station, Cambridge (Ellenzweig, 1985)
• Boston City Hall, Boston (Kallmann McKinnell & Knowles/Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty, 1969)
• Boston Government Service Center, Boston (Paul Rudolph, 1962–71)
• Braintree High School, Braintree (1972)
• Campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Harvard University, Cambridge (Le Corbusier, (1962)
• Fall River Government Center, Fall River (1976)
• Fine Arts Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (Kevin Roche, 1975)
• The First Church of Christ, Scientist
• George Gund Hall, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge (John Andrews, 1972)
• George Sherman Union
• Harbor Towers
• Larsen Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge
• Law and Education Tower, Boston University, Boston
• Lawrence Public Library, Lawrence (Henneberg & Henneberg Architects, 1973)
• Lincoln House, Lincoln
• Mather House, Cambridge (Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbot, 1971)
• Murray D. Lincoln Campus Center
• One Western Avenue, Harvard Business School, Boston
• Peabody Terrace
• Robert H. Goddard Library, Clark University, Worcester (John M. Johansen, 1969)
• Simmons Hall, Cambridge
• Smith Campus Center
• Solomon Carter Fuller Mental Health Center, Boston (1974)
• Technology Square
• Tisch Library
• University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston
• University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth (Paul Rudolph)
• Wollaston station, Quincy (1971)

Michigan

• Blue Cross/Blue Shield Service Center, Detroit, Michigan (Ginno Rossetti, 1971)
• Grand Traverse Performing Arts Center at Interlochen Center for the Arts, Interlochen, Michigan (1975)
• St. Francis de Sales Church, Norton Shores

Minnesota

• Arvonne Fraser Library
• Malcolm Moos Health Sciences Tower, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (c. 1970)
• Peavey Plaza
• Phillips-Wangensteen Building, University of Minnesota Hospital, Minneapolis (1976)
• Rarig Center
• Riverside Plaza, Minneapolis (Ralph Rapson, 1973)
• Saint John's Abbey, Collegeville (1958-1961)

Mississippi

• Lamar Law Center, University of Mississippi^[14]
• St. Richard's Catholic Church, Jackson^[15]
• Tougaloo College, Jackson^[16]
  • A.A. Branch Hall
  • L. Zenobia Coleman Library
  • Renner Hall

Missouri

• Nestlé Purina PetCare Headquarters
• Pointe400 Luxury Apartments, formerly the Pet Milk Building, St. Louis, MO^{[17] [18]}
• Roy Blunt Hall at Missouri State University

Montana

• Montana State University Billings Liberal Arts Building

Nebraska

• Robert V. Denney Federal Building
• Wells Fargo Center, Lincoln, NE (I.M. Pei, 1975)

Nevada

• William D. Carlson Education Building, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas^[19]

New Hampshire

• Christensen Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ulrich Franzen, 1970)^[20]
• Phillips Exeter Academy Library, Exeter

New Jersey

• 550 Broad Street
• Galaxy Towers
• Journal Square Transportation Center, Jersey City, New Jersey (1973–1975)

New Mexico

• Farris Engineering Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
• Humanities Building, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
• Main Library, Albuquerque (George Pearl, 1978) – listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.^[21]
• Spaceport America, Truth or Consequences

New York

• Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca
• Buffalo City Court Building, Buffalo (1974)
• Cube House, Ithaca
• Empire State Plaza, Albany
  • Cultural Education Center (1976-1978)
  • The Egg
• Endo Pharmaceuticals Building, Garden City
• Engineering Building, Binghamton University, Vestal (1976)
• Erie Basin Observation Tower, Buffalo
• Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse
• First Unitarian Church, Rochester
• Folsom Library, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy (Pierik Quinlivan & Krause, 1976)
• Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca (I.M. Pei, 1973)
• Hudson River Museum, Yonkers
• J. W. Chorley Elementary School, Middletown
• Orange County Government Center, Goshen (Paul Rudolph, 1967)
• Palisades Center, West Nyack (1998)

New York City

• 1 Police Plaza (Gruzen and Partners, 1973)
• 811 Tenth Avenue
• 945 Madison Avenue museum building (Marcel Breuer, 1966)
• 33 Thomas Street (AT&T Long Lines Building) (John Carl Warnecke, 1974)
• Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building (Ifill, Johnson & Hanchard, 1974)
• Bobst Library, New York University (Philip Johnson, Richard Foster)
• Boston Road Apartments, Bronx
• Carman Hall, Lehman College, Bronx (1970)
• Chatham Towers, Manhattan
• Edward Durell Stone Townhouse, Manhattan
• Elmer Holmes Bobst Library
• Five Manhattan West
• Joseph Curran Building, Manhattan
• Kips Bay Towers
• Lincoln Square Synagogue, Manhattan
• Morrisania Air Rights
• New Museum, Manhattan
• New York Presbyterian Church, Queens
• New York Marriott Marquis
• North Central Bronx Hospital
• River Park Towers
• St. Frances de Chantal's Church
• St. John the Baptist Church
• St. Jude Church
• Temple Israel of the City of New York
• Tracey Towers
• Trinity Chapel, New York University
• University Village
• Waterside Plaza
• Weiss Research Building, Manhattan

North Carolina

• Bath Building, Raleigh
• Elion-Hitchings Building (Burroughs Wellcome headquarters), Durham (1971, demolished)
• Hiram H. Ward Federal Courthouse, Winston-Salem

North Dakota

• Our Lady of the Annunciation Chapel at Annunciation Priory, Bismarck, North Dakota

Ohio

• Bricker Federal Building, Columbus
• Cleveland Museum of Art Education Wing, Cleveland
• Continental Center, Columbus
• Crosley Tower, Cincinnati
• Hamilton County Justice Center, Cincinnati
• Huntington Plaza, Columbus
• Hyatt Regency Columbus, Columbus
• John F. Seiberling Federal Building and United States Courthouse, Akron
• Justice Center Complex, Cleveland
• Maag Library, Youngstown State University, Youngstown (1976)^[22]
• The Ohio History Center, Columbus, (W. Byron Ireland & Associates, 1966)
• Rhodes State Office Tower, Columbus
• Rhodes Tower, Cleveland
• Seeley G. Mudd Learning Center, Oberlin College Library, Oberlin (Warner, Burns, Toan & Lunde, 1974)
• Sheraton Columbus Hotel at Capitol Square, Columbus
• The 9 Cleveland, Cleveland

Oklahoma

• Mummers Theater, Oklahoma City John M. Johansen (demolished)

Oregon

• Salem Public Library
• Mount Hood Community College, Gresham

Pennsylvania

• 1700 Market
• Benedum Hall
• Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh – Knoxville Branch, Pittsburgh (Paul Schweikher, 1965)
• Century III Mall, West Mifflin (1979)
• Charles Patterson Van Pelt Library, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
• Jennie King Mellon Library, Chatham University, Pittsburgh
• Main Hall, West Chester University, West Chester (1974) ^{[23] [24]}
• Penn Mutual Tower, Philadelphia
• University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
  • Barco Law Building (1976)
  • David Lawrence Hall (1968)
  • Hillman Library (1968)
  • Litchfield Towers (Deeter & Ritchey, 1963)
  • School of Information Sciences Building (Tasso Katselas, 1965)
  • Wesley W. Posvar Hall (1975–1978)
• Wean Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh (1971)

Puerto Rico

• Bayamón City Hall, Bayamón, Puerto Rico (1980)

Rhode Island

• Classical High School, Providence (1970)
• Community College of Rhode Island Knight Campus, Warwick (1972)
• John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Providence (Warner, Burns, Toan & Lunde, 1962–1964)
• John E. Fogarty Memorial Building, Providence
• Sciences Library (Brown University), Providence (1971)

South Carolina

• Strom Thurmond Federal Building and United States Courthouse, Columbia

South Dakota

• McKennan Hospital additions, Sioux Falls^[25]
• Northwestern Auto Bank, Sioux Falls^[25]
• Stanley J. Marshall HPER Center, South Dakota State University^[25]

Tennessee

• Chattanooga Public Library
• Hunter Museum of American Art
• Lawson McGhee Library
• Sheraton Nashville Downtown
• University of Tennessee Art and Architecture Building^[26]

Texas

• Alkek Library, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas (1990)
• Alley Theatre, Houston, Texas (1968)
• Dallas City Hall, Dallas, Texas (I.M. Pei, 1978)
• Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library, Austin
• Lovett College, Rice University, Houston, Texas (1968)
• Perry–Castañeda Library (PCL), University of Texas at Austin, (1977)
• Webb Chapel Park Pavilion, Dallas

Utah

• Mountain Bell data processing center, Salt Lake City
• University of Utah College of Architecture and Planning^[27]

Vermont

• Cathedral Church of St. Paul (Burlington, Vermont)
• Charterhouse of the Transfiguration
• Elliott Pratt Center, Goddard College, Plainfield, Vermont

Virginia

• American Press Institute (demolished)
• FBI Academy, Quantico, Virginia (1972)
• The National Conference Center
• Sydney Lewis Hall, Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, Virginia (1977)
• Unitarian Universalist Church of Arlington

Washington

• Alhadeff Sanctuary of Temple De Hirsch, Seattle
• Bellevue Arts Museum, Bellevue
• Freeway Park, Seattle, Washington (Lawrence Halprin, 1972–1976)
• Kane Hall, University of Washington, Seattle (Walker & McGough, 1971)^[28]
• Meany Hall, University of Washington, Seattle (Kirk, Wallace & McKinley, 1974)
• Nuclear Reactor Building, University of Washington, The Architect Artist Group/TAAG, (1961)
• Odegaard Undergraduate Library, University of Washington, Seattle (Kirk, Wallace & McKinley, 1972)
• Rainier Tower, Seattle
• Seattle Central Library, Seattle
• Schmitz Hall, University of Washington, Seattle
• St. Joseph's Hospital, Tacoma
• Temple Beth Shalom, Spokane^[29]

Washington, D.C.

• Gelman Library, George Washington University
• Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (Gordon Bunshaft, 1974)
• Hubert H. Humphrey Building, the United States Department of Health and Human Services headquarters (1977)
• J. Edgar Hoover Building (FBI national headquarters) (C.F. Murphy, 1974)
• James V. Forrestal Building
• L'Enfant Plaza – a plaza containing many US Government buildings
• Lauinger Library, Georgetown University (John Carl Warnecke, 1970)
• Robert C. Weaver Federal Building
• Third Church of Christ, Scientist (Araldo Cossutta, 1971; demolished 2014)
• Washington Metro stations (1970–2001)
• Washington Hilton

Wisconsin

• Marcus Center for the Performing Arts, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Harry Weese, 1966–69)
• Milwaukee County War Memorial, Milwaukee
• Sentry Insurance Headquarters, Stevens Point ^[30]
• University of Wisconsin, Madison
  • Curtin Hall, (Maynard W. Mayer & Assoc., 1974)
  • George L. Mosse Humanities Building
  • Vilas Communication Hall
• Wingspread, Racine

Wyoming

• University of Wyoming dormitories and American Heritage Center^[31]

See also

• List of Brutalist structures

Notes and References

1. Web site: Designer of shared spaces . 13 May 2017 .
2. http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/growth-development/sdut-stadium-architect-renovation-qualcomm-chargers-2015nov06-htmlstory.html Showley, Roger. "The 'Q' is OK, its architect says," The San Diego Union-Tribune, Friday, November 6, 2015.
3. Yosemite Hall - 114. Campus Plans and Drawings. 27 January 1967. 1–101.
4. Web site: 1105 North Market Street (Wilmington Tower) . 16 July 2018 .
5. Web site: Brutalist Architecture in DeKalb County . June 2022 .
6. Web site: These local architects plan to stir up some dust | Idaho Business Review . 20 March 2017 .
7. Web site: Whiting House . 7 March 2019 .
8. https://www.depaul.edu/campus-maps/buildings/Pages/sac.aspx Schmitt Academic Center (SAC)  - DePaul University.
9. http://chicagobrutalism.com/works/schmitt-academic-center/ Schmitt Academic Center  - Chicago Brutalism.
10. https://web.archive.org/web/20171210190716/http://www.theherald-news.com/2014/04/08/downtown-joliet-has-style-many-of-them/ad86xdh/ Downtown Joliet has style – many of them
11. "Biographical" Sketch in Book: Woollen, Molzan and Partners, Inc. Architectural Records, ca. 1912–2011 . Indiana Historical Society . 2017 . Indianapolis . See also: Mary Ellen Gadski, "Woollen, Molzan and Partners" in Book: David J. Bodenhamer and Robert G. Barrows. The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis . Indiana University Press. 1994 . Bloomington and Indianapolis . 1453–54 . 0-253-31222-1.
12. Web site: pls4e . 2018-07-17 . Kansas Judicial Center . 2024-02-16 . SAH ARCHIPEDIA . en.
13. Web site: Championing Louisiana's Brutalist buildings . 4 September 2019 .
14. Web site: Suzassippi's Mississippi: Beauty in Brutalism? . 4 December 2012 .
15. Web site: Mississippi's Modernist Landmarks .
16. Web site: SAH Newsletter .
17. Web site: From Corporate Icon to Urban Oasis: The Transformation of Pet Plaza into Pointe400 Luxury Apartments . 2024-07-25 . pointe400.com.
18. Web site: pls4e . 2018-07-17 . Pointe 400 . 2024-07-25 . SAH ARCHIPEDIA . en.
19. Web site: William D. Carlson Education Building . 17 July 2018 .
20. Web site: Christensen Hall – University of New Hampshire // 1970. Buildings of New England. 8 March 2023.
21. Web site: National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Main Library . . June 13, 2019.
22. https://www.bupipedream.com/ac/44219/explaining-a-building-with-brutal-design/ Explaining a Building with Brutal Design
23. News: Conaway . Tony . Tony Conaway . 24 April 2024 . Chester County Ledger . February 2018 . 13-14.
24. Web site: Building Summaries (Main Hall) - WCU of PA . West Chester University of Pennsylvania . 24 April 2024.
25. https://history.sd.gov/preservation/docs/ArchitectureofHaroldSpitznagelFirmSiouxFalls1929-1972.pdf
26. https://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/TN-01-093-0092
27. Web site: Fine Arts and Architecture Building . 17 July 2018 .
28. Web site: The Imposing Brutalist Grandeur Of UW’s Red Square.
29. Web site: Survey reveals hidden gems among Spokane's midcentury modern architecture | the Spokesman-Review.
30. Web site: 2012-01-01 . 1800 NORTH POINT DR Property Record . 2023-10-18 . Wisconsin Historical Society . en.
31. Web site: University of Wyoming Campus . August 2018 .