List of Beeching cuts service reopenings explained

The Beeching cuts were a reduction in the size of the British railway network, along with a restructuring of British Rail, in the 1960s. Since the mid-1990s there has been significant growth in passenger numbers on the railways and renewed government interest in the role of rail in UK transport. Some closed stations have reopened, and rail passenger services have been restored on a few lines where they had been withdrawn.

Some former British Rail lines have become heritage railways, for example the Bluebell Railway in Sussex, which reopened in stages from 1960.

Completed reopenings

London

• Snow Hill tunnel, south of Farringdon station, completely closed in the 1960s, was reopened for passengers in 1988 as part of Thameslink, providing a link between the Midland Main Line and the former Southern Railway via London Blackfriars station.

South East

• The Chiltern Main Line was redoubled in two stages between 1998 and 2002, between Princes Risborough and Aynho Junction.
• The Romsey to Eastleigh link, closed to regular passenger services in 1969, reopened in 2003 along with the intermediate station at Chandler's Ford in Hampshire.
• Services on the London–Aylesbury line were extended north along the former Great Central Main Line (closed in 1966) to a new station called Aylesbury Vale Parkway, which opened in December 2008.
• The line from Oxford to Bicester reopened in 1987 after closing in 1968. As part of the East West Rail project, passenger services are to be restored to the section of line from Bicester to Bletchley.

South West

• Stations reopened include Ashchurch,, Feniton, Pinhoe, Templecombe and Yate.
• Service between Swindon and Trowbridge ceased in 1966 but two passenger trains each way were reinstated in 1985, along with the reopening of Melksham station. Passenger numbers rose rapidly, and the service – now increased in frequency and known as the TransWilts Line – was extended to Westbury.
• Regular passenger services between Yeovil Junction and Yeovil Pen Mill were withdrawn in 1968; a limited service was reinstated in 2015.
• A summer Sunday service ran from Exeter to Okehampton from 1997 to 2019, with a full daily service reinstated in 2021.

East Anglia/Lincolnshire

• , closed in 1967, was reopened in 1971;, closed in 1965 was reopened in 2021; and, closed in 1968, was reopened in 1975.
• Peterborough–Lincoln line: the section between Peterborough and Spalding closed to passengers on 5 October 1970 and reopened on 7 June 1971.

East Midlands

• The Robin Hood Line in Nottinghamshire, between Nottingham and Worksop via Mansfield, reopened in the early 1990s. Since closure in 1964 Mansfield had been the largest town in Britain without a rail link.
• Stations at, and between Leicester and Loughborough closed in 1968 reopened in 1994.
• The Kettering to Manton Jn Line via Corby closed to passengers on 18 April 1966. A shuttle service between Kettering and Corby was introduced in 1987, but the service was unreliable and lost funding support from the local council, leading to its closure in 1990. The line was then reopened on 23 February 2009 with Corby served by direct trains to London and a limited number of trains continuing on towards Oakham and Melton Mowbray.
• Alfreton, Langley Mill and Ilkeston stations on the Erewash Valley line have since been reopened.
• (closed 1967 reopened 1981), was closed in 1967 and reopened in 1972, was closed in 1968 but reopened two years later, was closed in 1968 and reopened 1976, was closed in 1966 and reopened in 1989, was closed in 1968 and reopened in 1994, was closed in 1968 and replaced with a new station in 1986 on an adjacent site.

West Midlands

• Birmingham Snow Hill station, after closing in 1972, was rebuilt and reopened in 1987 along with Snow Hill tunnel underneath Birmingham city centre to . The section of the Birmingham to Worcester via Kidderminster line between Snow Hill to Smethwick was reopened in 1995.
• The line from Snow Hill to Wolverhampton mainly reopened as the West Midlands Metro tram system.
• The line from Coventry to Nuneaton reopened to passengers in 1988.
• The Coventry–Leamington line reopened to passengers in 1977, and the station at Kenilworth reopened on 30 April 2018.
• The passenger service between and, withdrawn in 1965, was reinstated in 1988.
• The Walsall–Hednesford line reopened to passengers in 1989, and was extended to Rugeley Town in 1997 and in 1998.
• Passenger services were reinstated between and Wolverhampton, but withdrawn in 2008 on cost and efficiency grounds. Some commentators believe an intermediate station at Willenhall should have been included with the original reopening. A service on the Walsall–Wolverhampton line with reopenings of and stations is expected to be reintroduced by 2025.
• The Cotswold Line has been redoubled in places, and Honeybourne station reopened.
• Coleshill, closed in 1968, was rebuilt and reopened in 2007.

North East/Yorkshire

• On the lines from Leeds/Bradford to Skipton the following stations closed in 1965 have been reopened (or replaced with stations on adjacent sites):,,, and .
• The line from Wakefield Kirkgate to Pontefract Monkhill closed in 1967 was reopened in 1992 with and two new stations.
• , and were originally closed in 1967 but new stations were opened on adjacent sites. closed in 1964 was reopened in 2020 on a different site.
• Passenger service from Bradford to Huddersfield withdrawn in 1970 was reinstated in 2000 with reopening of station. From 2017, trains also served which was originally closed in 1965.
• Other stations reopened are (closed 1968 reopened 1982), (closed 1966 reopened 1983) and (closed 1965 reopened 1984)
• Line from to South Hylton closed in 1964 was rebuilt and reopened in 2002 as part of the Tyne and Wear Metro.
• Passenger Service from Castleford to York withdrawn in 1970 was reinstated from December 2023.
• in 2024, the original second line and second platform have been reinstalled at Dore and Totley station in Sheffield, on the Hope Valley line.

North West

• The Merseyrail line from to was closed in 1972 and mainly reopened in 1978.
• , closed in 1967, was reopened in 1981; and, closed in 1966, was rebuilt in 1988. Balshaw Lane and Euxton was closed in 1969 but was rebuilt and reopened as in 1997., closed in 1969, was rebuilt on an adjacent site in 1984.
• The route out of Manchester Central over the Cheshire Lines Committee's Manchester South District Line has been reopened by Metrolink. The line opened to St Werburgh's Road (via Chorlton) in July 2011 and was extended as far as East Didsbury in May 2013.
• On the Settle and Carlisle line, most of the intermediate stations were closed in 1970 but regular passenger services were restored in 1986 to the following stations:,,,,,, and .

North and Mid Wales

• , closed in 1964, reopened in 1970; and closed in 1964 but reopened the following year.
• On the North Wales Coast Line the following stations closed in 1966 have been reopened: Shotton Low Level,, and
• , closed in 1965, was reopened on an adjacent site in 2021.

South Wales

• 32 new stations and four lines reopened within 20 miles (32 km) of each other: Abercynon–Aberdare, Barry–Bridgend via, Bridgend–Maesteg and the Ebbw Valley Railway via Newbridge.
• Stopping trains between Cardiff and Swansea, withdrawn in 1964, were re-introduced in 1992 serving reopened stations at, (opened 2007),,,,, and .
• closed in 1964 and reopened in 1972, closed in 1965 and reopened in 1984 and, which closed for regular passenger services in 1964, reopened in 2012.

Scotland

• Glasgow Central Railway between and was reopened in November 1979, establishing the Argyle Line connecting the Hamilton Circle to the North Clyde Line. Intermediate stations at,, Glasgow Central Low Level and were reopened, and a new station opened at .
• The Maryhill Line in Glasgow re-opened to stopping trains in 1993, which had ceased in the 1960s. It is a suburban railway line linking central Glasgow (Queen Street station) and Anniesland via Maryhill.
• The Argyle Line was extended in December 2005 when a four-mile (6.4 km) section of the Mid Lanark Lines of the Caledonian Railway reopened, serving, and .^[1]
• The Glasgow and South Western Railway's Paisley Canal line was closed to passengers in 1983. The majority of the route reopened in 1990.
• The Caledonian Railway's Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway closed to passengers in 1964. The majority of the route was reopened (with a revised terminus station at Whifflet) in 1993.
• Stirling to Alloa reopened on 19 May 2008, providing a passenger service to Alloa on the route of the former Stirling-Dunfermline main line after a 40-year gap. This line had not been marked for closure by Beeching. The restored line also provides for freight onwards to Kincardine, and ultimately to Dunfermline by the slower, single track coastal route. Coal traffic ceased in 2016 on the closure of Longannet power station.
• Other stations closed in the mid-1960s now re-opened, on lines which remained open, include,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and . Some stations have reopened on adjacent sites,,, and .
• A 35-mile (56 km) stretch of the former Waverley Route between Edinburgh and via Galashiels reopened on 6 September 2015. The closure of the line in 1969 had left the Scottish Borders without any rail links.
• The passenger service between and withdrawn in 1969 was reinstated in 1989 as part of a new Fife Circle train service.

Heritage railways

See also: List of British heritage and private railways.

Further proposals

In 2022, proposals being pursued included:

• East West Rail, restoring passenger services between Bicester and Milton Keynes, expected to reopen in December 2024. Future plans are to build a new railway between Bedford and Cambridge using part of the original alignment closed in 1968 and reopening of the line between Aylesbury Vale Parkway and Claydon Junction.
• Passenger service on the Portishead Railway stopped in 1964; plans are to reopen it from Bristol to Portishead, possibly in 2028. Freight services ceased in 1981 (unrelated to Beeching) and resumed on part of the line in 2002.
• Camp Hill line, West Midlands, Birmingham New Street to Kings Norton: service planned to reopen in 2024.
• Stourbridge Junction to Walsall line: planned to open part as Midland Metro.
• Henbury Loop as a branch line from to, as part of the MetroWest project in the Bristol area, due to reopen in 2026
• Levenmouth rail link,^[2] due to reopen in 2024
• Newcastle to Ashington,^[3] known as the Northumberland Line project. Planned to reopen December 2024.
• Charfield station, South Gloucestershire, proposed to reopen in 2027.

In November 2017 the government announced plans to reverse some of the cuts made in the 1960s, and later cuts by British Rail, to restore lost capacity and introduce new routes to help with new housing or relieve congestion.^{[4] [5] [6]}

In December 2018, the Department for Transport confirmed that it was investigating a number of proposals to restore old lines in addition to plans to improve Heathrow links, reinstate stations on the Camp Hill line in the West Midlands, reopen the Northumberland Line to passengers and build a new station at Cambridge South.^[7]

"Restoring Your Railway" (2020)

In January 2020, the Department for Transport announced a £500 million "Restoring Your Railway" fund and asked MPs, local authorities and community groups to make proposals to reinstate local services and reopen stations.^[8] The government also announced £1.5 million towards plans to reopen the Northumberland line,^[9] £100,000 towards assessment of the Fleetwood branch line, and £20 million for a third round of the New Stations Fund.

The £500 million would not be spent on building railway lines but on developing proposals through feasibility studies, business cases and designs.^[10] Proposals for projects would be sponsored by a local MP, gather local support, and then be put to a panel of experts chaired by the Rail Minister. Examples given were:

• upgrading a freight line to provide passenger services and restoring stations on it
• restoring track and services to an old alignment
• modifying an old route which has been built over.

Successful proposals would receive funding to develop their business case, which would be submitted to the Department for Transport in a bid for more substantial development funding.

In April 2020, the Department for Transport stated that unsuccessful proposals would receive help from the department so they could improve their proposals for a later round of ideas. At the same time, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Department announced a third round of ideas for November 2020.^[11]

In May 2020, the department announced that ten schemes had been successful in the first round of bidding:

• Reinstatement of station, Stoke-on-Trent
• Reinstatement of the Barrow Hill Line between and
• Reinstatement of the Ivanhoe Line between and
• Reinstatement of the branch lines on the Isle of Wight to Newport and
• Reinstatement of the passing loop on the Abbey Line between and
• Reopening of stations at Wellington (Somerset) and (Devon)
• Reinstatement of the Bury to and lines
• Reinstatement of the to line
• Reinstatement of rail access to Devizes via a new station at Lydeway
• Reintroduction of passenger rail services on the Waterside line between and ^[12]

In November 2020, the department announced that fifteen further schemes had been successful in the second round of bidding, as well as the restoration of rail links to :^[13]

• Reopening, Cheshire
• Reopening, Bristol
• Reopening, County Durham
• Reinstating links between, Radcliffe, and Bury Interchange
• Reinstating links between to //
• A new station at Waverley, South Yorkshire
• A new station in the area of Langport/Somerton, Somerset
• Improved services from to
• Improved services from to ^[14]
• Upgrading the South Fylde Line
• Reinstating the Maid Marian line between on the Robin Hood Line and on the Erewash Valley line
• Reinstating rail access to Cirencester
• Restoring services between and (currently Swanage Railway)
• Reinstating the South Humber rail link between and
• A new link between and

In November 2020, the department announced that five schemes had been successful in the New Stations Fund 3:^[13]

• , Torquay
• , Kent
• , Carmarthenshire
• , York
• , Flintshire, on the Borderlands line

In October 2021, the third and final round of successful bids were announced,^[15] taking the number of schemes accepted for further feasibility studies to 38.^[16]

• Reopen the Darlington – Weardale line to passenger services
• Reopen the Ashton – Stockport line to passenger services
• Reopen the Middlewich line in Cheshire to passenger services
• Reopen the Rawtenstall – Buckley Wells line to passenger services
• Reopen station, Wiltshire
• Reopen station, Gloucestershire
• Reinstate the line and provision of new services, –
• Reopen the Anglesey Central Railway (–) to passenger services
• Reopen the to branch line
  • Reopen the Stoke–Leek line Reopen the branch line, Yorkshire
• Reopen the Don Valley line to passenger services
• Reinstate the York-Beverley line

The first project to be completed under the "Restoring Your Railway" banner was the 15½-mile Dartmoor line from to, where services resumed on 20 November 2021. The line had closed to passengers in 1972 but had been operated as a heritage railway from 1997 to 2019. Nine months of work by Network Rail included laying 17km (11miles) of new track.^[17]

Closure of the scheme (2024)

Following the change of governing party after the July 2024 general election, new Chancellor of the Exchequer Rachel Reeves (Lab.) said that projects in the Restoring Your Railway programme that had not commenced would be cancelled, as part of her Commons announcement on July 29 which aimed to reduce national public spending. Reeves revealed that no money had been spent during the current financial year for any of the schemes that were announced as Restoring Your Railway competition winners in 2021, while £76 million had been allocated for 2024–2025.^[18]

See also

• History of rail transport in Great Britain 1995 to date

Notes and References

1. http://www.spt.co.uk/news/story318.html SPT News
2. News: Levenmouth rail link to reopen in £70m project. 2019-08-08. BBC News: Scotland. 2019-11-18. en-GB.
3. Web site: Government pledges £500 million to bring back historic rail lines, improving connectivity for communities across the country . GOV.UK . Department for Transport . 26 February 2020.
4. Web site: Connecting people: a strategic vision for rail. November 2017. GOV.UK. Department for Transport. 12 May 2019.
5. Web site: Rail boost for Britain by reopening lines axed in the 1960s. Ellis. Mark. 2017-11-28. Mirror. 2019-05-12.
6. News: Rail services lost under 1960s Beeching cuts may reopen. Topham. Gwyn. 2017-11-28. The Guardian. 2019-05-12. en-GB. 0261-3077.
7. Web site: Axed rail routes may be reopened under new Department for Transport plans. White. Mark. 26 December 2018. Sky News. en. 2019-05-12.
8. Web site: 23 May 2020 . Restoring Your Railway Fund . unfit . https://web.archive.org/web/20220503182512/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/re-opening-beeching-era-lines-and-stations/re-opening-beeching-era-lines-and-stations . 3 May 2022 . 23 May 2020 . GOV.UK . Department for Transport . en.
9. Web site: How plans to re-open Newcastle to Ashington railway line could boost region. Sharma. Sonia. 2020-01-28. North East Chronicle. 2020-02-26.
10. News: £500m fund to help restore Beeching rail lines. 2020-01-28. BBC News. 2020-02-26. en-GB.
11. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/re-opening-beeching-era-lines-and-stations/ideas-fund-round-1-march-2020-update?fbclid=IwAR1ElEaOPxefYyBy2biWhweUsgWQbikM_BnGxoP0rRLqlNhkCk2t38ZPPI0 Restoring Your Railway Ideas Fund: round 1 update
12. Web site: 26 November 2020 . Restoring your railway: successful bids . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20210804114827/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/985355/restoring-your-railway-successful-bids.csv/preview . 4 August 2021 . Department for Transport.
13. Web site: National Infrastructure Strategy. 41. GOV.UK. HM Treasury. November 2020. 25 January 2021.
14. Web site: 2023-08-20. 50m of rail improvements in Cornwall approved. Railnews.
15. Web site: 27 October 2021 . Restoring your railway: successful bids . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20230410002736/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1028949/restoring-your-railway-successful-bids.csv/preview . 10 April 2023 . 2021-10-28 . GOV.UK . Department for Transport . en.
16. Horgan. Rob. 2021-10-28. 13 more abandoned railways and stations backed by DfT for restoration. 2021-10-28. New Civil Engineer. en.
17. Kennedy. Catherine. 2021-10-12. How engineers restored the abandoned Dartmoor railway line in just nine months. 2021-10-28. New Civil Engineer. en.
18. Web site: 2024-07-29 . Chancellor statement on public spending inheritance . 2024-08-06 . GOV.UK . en.