List of battles of Guru Hargobind explained

This is a list of battles fought by the 6th Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind.

Background

Guru Arjan had advised his son, Hargobind, to become martially trained when he was a youth.[1] Following Guru Arjan's exeution by Jahangir, the Mughal emperor, the Akal Sena came into being at the same time of the consecration of the Akal Bunga on the 15 June 1606.[2] [3] [4] The Akal Sena became the army of the Sikhs and was headquartered in Amritsar.[5] Guru Hargobind's army quickly grew in number and Sikhs began to call Guru Hargobind, "true king". A fort was created outside of Amritsar and Guru Hargobind had set up his own court in the Akal Takht.[6] [7] Guru Hargobind was eventually summoned to Delhi where he went hunting with Jahangir. Both of them grew close and went to Agra together.[8] In 1609 he was imprisoned in Gawalior Fort by the emperor for reasons that are disputed.[9] Guru Hargobind was eventually let go and had 52 Rajput Kings let go with him.[10] Following his release Guru Hargobind maintained friendly relations with Jahangur while further strengthining the Akal Sena.

Battles

See main article: List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs.

BattleYearStrengthCasualtiesCombatantsResult
data-sort-type="number" Sikhsdata-sort-type="number" EnemySikhsEnemydata-sort-type="number" Sikhsdata-sort-type="number" Enemy
Battle of Rohilla1621500-7004,000[11] - 15,000[12] Unknown14,000Akal SenaMughal EmpireSikh Victory[13]
Battle of Amritsar1634700[14] 7,000Unknown7,000Akal SenaMughal EmpireSikh Victory
Battle of Lahira16343,000 Sikh[15] 1,000 Kangra[16] 35,100+[17] 1,200 Sikh[18] [19]

500 Kangra soldiers[20]

35,100[21] Akal Sena
Kangra State		Mughal EmpireSikh and Kangra Victory[22]
Battle of Kartarpur16351,80052,000-100,000[23] [24] 700-1,000[25] 50,000-96,000[26] [27] Akal SenaMughal EmpireSikh victory
Battle of Phagwara1635UnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownAkal SenaMughal EmpireSikh Victory[28] [29] [30]
Battle of Kiratpur163823 (during the siege - later reinforced with larger army) [31] UnknownUnknownHighAkal SenaRulers of Ropar

Pathans of Ropar[32]

Gujjars of Nangal Gujjaran[33]

Ranghars of Malakpur[34]

Sikh Victory[35]

References

  1. Book: Mitra, Swati . Good Earth Punjab Travel Guide . Eicher Goodearth Limited . 2006 . 9789380262178 . 2nd . 26.
  2. 2001 . Abstracts of Sikh Studies . Abstracts of Sikh Studies . Chandigarh, India . Institute of Sikh Studies . 3 . 3 . 54.
  3. Book: Singh . Dr Kuldip . Akal Takht Ate Khalsa Panth . Chandigarh . 2 . PL-000788 . 21 October 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161021194818/http://panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=40833&page=1&CategoryID=12&Searched=W3GX&sbtsro=1&viewall=1 . 21 October 2016 . live.
  4. Book: Dilgeer . Harjinder Singh . The Akal Takht . 1980 . Sikh University Press . Jalandhar.
  5. 2002 . The Sikh Review . The Sikh Review . Calcutta . Sikh Cultural Centre . 50 . 577–588 . 29.
  6. Book: Phyllis G. Jestice . Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia, Volume 1 . . 2004 . 9781576073551 . 345, 346.
  7. Book: Dhillon, Dalbir Singh . Sikhism, Origin and Development . 1988 . Atlantic Publishers & Distri . 113 . en.
  8. Book: Dhillon, Dalbir Singh . Sikhism, Origin and Development . 1988 . Atlantic Publishers & Distri . 114–115 . en.
  9. Book: Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair . Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed . . 2013 . 9781441117083 . 48.
  10. Book: Singh, Nidr . The Fighting Traditions and Fighting Arts of the Traditional Sikh Warriors the Beloved of Guru Gobind Singh Ji the Akali Nihangs . Budha Dal and Tarna Dal . 1998 . 2nd . 8–9 . PDF.
  11. Book: Hari Ram Gupta . History of the Sikhs:The Sikhs Gurus (1469-1708) . Munshilal Manohorlal 1994 . 164.
  12. Gurbilas Patashahi 6 Chapter 14
  13. Book: Singh, Fauja . Guru Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and teacher . Publication Bureau Punjabi university, PATIALA . 1975 . 10.
  14. Book: Macauliffe . Max Arthur . The Sikh Religion, its gurus, sacred writings and authors, Vol 4 . 1909 . Clarendon Press . Oxford. Wikisource
  15. Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 19
  16. Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 19
  17. Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 19
  18. Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 20
  19. Book: Macauliffe, Max Arthur . Sikh Religion Vol.4 . 1909 . 185-186.
  20. Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 20
  21. Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 19
  22. Book: Gandhi, Surjit Singh . History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E . Atlantic Publishers & Dist. . 2007 . 9788126908585 . 820-821.
  23. Gurbilas Patashahi 6 Chapter 20
  24. Suraj Granth Raas 8
  25. Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 20
  26. Suraj Granth Raas 8
  27. Gurbilas Patashahi 6 Chapter 20
  28. Book: Surjit Singh Gandhi . History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E . Atlantic Publishers & Dist. . 2007 . 9788126908585 . 542–543.
  29. Nayyar,Gurbachan Singh (1995). The Sikhs in Ferment, Battle of the Sikh Gurus
  30. Book: Dhillon, Darbir Singh . Sikhism, Origin and Development . 1988 . 123.
  31. Book: History Of The Sikh Gurus - A Comprehensive Study . 319 . English.
  32. Book: Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha . The Sikh reference book . 1997 . Edmonton, Alb., Canada : Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark ; Amritsar : Available from Singh Bros. . Internet Archive . 978-0-9695964-2-4 . 140.
  33. Book: Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha . The Sikh reference book . 1997 . Edmonton, Alb., Canada : Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark ; Amritsar : Available from Singh Bros. . Internet Archive . 978-0-9695964-2-4 . 140.
  34. Book: Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha . The Sikh reference book . 1997 . Edmonton, Alb., Canada : Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark ; Amritsar : Available from Singh Bros. . Internet Archive . 978-0-9695964-2-4 . 140.
  35. Book: History Of The Sikh Gurus - A Comprehensive Study . 319 . English.

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