List of barons in the peerages of Britain and Ireland explained

This is a list of the present and extant Barons (Lords of Parliament, in Scottish terms) in the Peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Note that it does not include those extant baronies which have become merged (either through marriage or elevation) with higher peerage dignities and are today only seen as subsidiary titles. For a more complete list, which adds these "hidden" baronies as well as extinct, dormant, abeyant, and forfeit ones, see List of Baronies.

This page includes all life barons, including the Law Lords created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876. However hereditary peers with the rank of viscount or higher holding also a life peerage are not included.

Order of precedence

The general order of precedence among barons is:

  1. Barons of England
  2. Lords of Parliament of Scotland
  3. Barons of Great Britain
  4. Barons of Ireland
  5. Barons of the United Kingdom

However barons of Ireland created after the Union of 1801 yield precedence to earlier created barons of the United Kingdom.[1] They are listed in italics, in their place in the order of precedence. Life peers take precedence with other barons of the United Kingdom; they are listed separately because the only hereditary baronies created since 1965 have been subsidiary titles: Prince Andrew, Duke of York, who holds the subsidiary title of Baron Killyleagh, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, who holds the subsidiary title of Baron Carrickfergus, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, who holds the subsidiary title of Baron Kilkeel.

Barons of England

Title Created Arms Incumbent Heir Notes
1264 Finbar Maxwell
1283 James Charles Peter Stourton, 28th Baron Mowbray James Stourton
1295
1448
1295 Jacob Astley
1295 Julian Plumptre, 22nd Baron FitzWalter Edward Plumptre
1299 Charles Fane-Trefusis, 23rd Baron Clinton Edward Fane-Trefusis
1299 Edward Russell
1308 William Frankland, 19th Baron Zouche Thomas Frankland
1313 Sebastian Miller and Sir James Aird, 5th Baronet, co-heirs presumptive
1318   Andrew Kenworthy, 12th Baron Strabolgi Hamish Kenworthy (third cousin)
1321   Emily Douglas-Home, 29th Baroness Dacre Arthur Beamish
1332   Casper Ingrams, 19th Baron Darcy de Knayth Thomas Ingrams
1375 David Bewicke-Copley
1383   Ralph Thomas Stonor
1397 Richard Cornwall-Legh, 6th Baron Grey of Codnor Richard Cornwall-Leigh
1421 Thomas Gueterbock Also Baron Gueterbock for life (2000)
1432   Drummond Money-Coutts
1440   Jeremy William Guilford Wallace, 16th Baron Dudley Dominic Wallace
1447 Guy Fiennes
1455   Rupert Kirkham, 17th Baron Berners Edward Kirkham
1461   Oliver Seyfried-Herbert
1491 Rupert Verney
1523 Alexander Gilbey
1529 Mary Aubrey-Fletcher, 8th Baroness Braye Linda Fothergill (second cousin)
1529 Alexander Leith, 8th Baron Burgh Alexander Leith
1544   Myles Robertson, 12th Baron Wharton Meghan Robertson (daughter)
1559 Oliver St John
1597 Hazel Czernin, 10th Baroness Howard de Walden Peter Czermin
1603 Dominic Petre
1615 William Dormer, 18th Baron Dormer Hugo Dormer
1616 David Roper-Curzon, 21st Baron Teynham Henry Roper-Curzon
1628   John Drummond
1640 Benjamin FitzHerbert
1643 Charles Byron
1663 Lewis PalmerAlso Lord Dingwall (1609) in the Peerage of Scotland; known as the Lord Lucas and Dingwall
1664 Patrick Forwood
1672 Alexander Clifford
1698 Henry Francis Cecil Vane, 12th Baron Barnard William Vane

Lords of Parliament of Scotland

Title Created Arms Incumbent Heir Notes
1442 Malcolm Forbes, 23rd Lord Forbes Neil Forbes, Master of Forbes
1444 Andrew Campbell-Gray, 23rd Lord Gray Alexander Campbell-Gray, Master of Gray
1445 Katharine Fraser, Mistress of Saltoun (daughter)
1449 Matthew Murray Kennedy St Clair, 18th Lord Sinclair Harry St Clair, Master of Sinclair
1452 John Borthwick, 24th Lord Borthwick James Borthwick of Glengelt, Master of Borthwick (brother)
1464 Jack Fraser, Master of Lovat (brother)
1488 James William Stuart Whitemore Sempill, 21st Lord Sempill Francis Sempill, Master of Sempill
1490   Jane Kerr, Marchioness of Lothian, 16th Lady Herries of Terregles Lady Clare Hurd (daughter)The Lady Herries of Terregles ranks higher in precedence as Marchioness of Lothian by marriage than as a Lady of Parliament in her own right.
1510 Jago Elphintone, Master of Elphinstone
1564 James Sandilands, 15th Lord Torphichen Robert Sandilands (first cousin twice removed)
1602   Hester Haworth, Mistress of Kinloss (sister)
1607 Victoria Bruce-Winkler, 9th Lady Balfour of Burleigh Laetitia Bruce-Winkler, Mistress of Burleigh (daughter)
1609   Lewis PalmerAlso Baron Lucas (1663) in the Peerage of England; known as the Lord Lucas and Dingwall
1627 Sophie Napier, Mistress of Napier (daughter)also Baron Ettrick in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, 1872; known as the Lord Napier and Ettrick
1627 Edward Fairfax
1628 Alexander Mackay, Master of Reay
1643 Robert Erskine-Murray, 15th Lord Elibank Robert Erskine-Murray, Master of Elibank
1647 Frederick Hamilton, 14th Lord Belhaven and Stenton William Hamilton, Master of Belhaven
1651 David Rollo, 14th Lord Rollo James Rollo, Master of Rollo
1690 Andrew Hepburne-Scott, 11th Lord Polwarth William Hepburne-Scott, Master of Polwarth

Barons of Great Britain

Title Created Arms Incumbent Heir Notes
1712 Michael Charles James Willoughby, 13th Baron Middleton James Willoughby
1723 Jonathan Walpole, 11th Baron Walpole Benedict Walpole (brother)
1728 Nicholas Monson, 12th Baron Monson Andrew Monson (brother)
1761 George Boteler Irby, 11th Baron Boston Thomas Irby
1762 Anthony Vernon-Harcourt, 11th Baron Vernon Simon Vernon-Harcourt
1765 Henry Noel Kenelm Digby, 13th Baron Digby Henry Digby
1776 none
1776 Peregrine Cust, 8th Baron Brownlow Peregrin Cust
1776 Thomas Foley, 9th Baron Foley Rupert Foley (sixth cousin)
1780 Robert Rhys (second cousin)
1780 John de Grey, 9th Baron Walsingham Robert de Grey
1780 Charles Bagot, 10th Baron Bagot Richard Bagot (second cousin once removed)
1780 Edward FitzRoy, 7th Baron Southampton Charles FitzRoy
1782 Francis Norton (brother)
1782 Johnny Rodney, 11th Baron Rodney Nicholas Rodney (first cousin once removed)
1784   Philip Somers-Cocks, 9th Baron Somers Martin Cocks (fourth cousin twice removed)
1786 John Harbord-Hamond, 13th Baron Suffield Samuel Harbord-Hamond
1788 Nicholas Tyrell-Kenyon, 7th Baron Kenyon Alexander Tyrell-Kenyon (brother)
1788 Richard Neville, 11th Baron Braybrooke John Neville (uncle)
1792 Nicholas Hovell-Thurlow-Cumming-Bruce
1793   Robert Eden, 10th Baron Auckland Henry Eden (first cousin)
1797 Robert CaringtonThe Lord Carrington ranks higher in precedence as the current Lord Great Chamberlain than as a baron.
1797 Thomas Orde-Powlett, 9th Baron Bolton Hector Orde-Powlett
1797 Mark Powys, 8th Baron Lilford Robert Powys (second cousin once removed)

Barons of Ireland

Title Created Arms Incumbent Heir Notes
1340? Nevinson de Courcy, 31st Baron Kingsale Joseph de Courcy (kinsman)
1439?   Oliver Plunkett (brother)
1541 Richard Butler, 20th/30th Baron Dunboyne Michael Butler (second cousin once removed)
1541   Jonathan Plunkett, 17th Baron Louth Matthew Plunkett
1543 Conor John Anthony O'Brien, 19th Baron Inchiquin Fionn O'Brien
1620 Henry Digby, 13th Baron Digby Edward St Vincent Kenelm Digby
1715 Dominic Evans-Freke
1718 Julian Aylmer, 14th Baron Aylmer Michael Aylmer
1756   Simon Maxwell, 13th Baron Farnham Robin Maxwell
1758   Nicholas Lysaght, 9th Baron Lisle David Lysaght (brother)
1776   Robert Wynn, 8th Baron Newborough Anthony Wynn (first cousin)
1776 Somerled MacDonald, Younger of Sleat
1776 Hugh Edwardes, 8th Baron Kensington William Edwardes
1776 David Massy, 10th Baron Massy John Massy
1781 Robert Deane, 9th Baron Muskerry Jonathan Deane
1783 Thomas Stanley, 8th Baron Stanley of Alderley, 7th Baron Eddisbury, 8th Baron Sheffield Charles Stanley (brother)Also Baron Stanley of Alderley (1839) and Baron Eddisbury (1848) in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; known as the Lord Stanley of Alderley
1789 John Browne, 8th Baron Kilmaine Rev. Aubrey Browne (fifth cousin once removed)
1789 Robert Eden, 10th Baron Auckland Henry Vane Eden (first cousin)
1792 Roderick Cavendish, 8th Baron Waterpark Luke Cavendish
1794 Timothy Graves, 10th Baron Graves none
1796   Joshua Vanneck, 7th Baron Huntingfield Gerald Vanneck
1796 Robert Peter Flavio Carington
1796   Benedict Westenra, 8th Baron Rossmore none
1797 Henry Hotham, 8th Baron Hotham William Hotham
1797 Edward Crofton, 8th Baron Crofton Charles Crofton (brother)
1798 Robuck ffrench, 8th Baron ffrench none
1799 John EdenAlso Baron Northington (1885) in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; known as the Lord Henley
1800 Owain Rowley-Conwy, 10th Baron Langford Owain Rowley-Conway
1800 John Blackwood, 11th Baron Dufferin and Claneboye Francis Blackwood
1800 Mark Henniker-Major, 9th Baron Henniker Edward Henniker-MajorAlso Baron Hartismere (1886) in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
1800   Andrew de Moleyns, 8th Baron Ventry Francis Daubeney de Moleyns
1800 Henry Prittie, 7th Baron Dunalley Joel Prittie
1800 Simon Bingham, 8th Baron Clanmorris Robert Bingham (second cousin)
1800 Roderick Trench, 8th Baron Ashtown Timothy Trench
1806 Charles Thellusson, 9th Baron Rendlesham Peter Thellusson (uncle)
1812 Roland Handcock, 8th Baron Castlemaine Ronan Handcock
1812 Robert Beresford
1818 Spencer Canning, 6th Baron Garvagh Stratford Canning
1831 Richard Arundell, 11th Baron Talbot of Malahide John Arundell
1834, and UK 1838 Patrick Conolly-Carew, 7th Baron Carew William Connolly-Carew
1836   Dominick Browne, 5th Baron Oranmore and Browne Shaun Browne (nephew)Also Baron Mereworth (1926) in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
1847 Bryan Bellew, 8th Baron Bellew Anthony Bellew
1856   Edmund Roche (brother)
1868 Thomas McClintock-Bunbury, 5th Baron Rathdonnell William McClintock-Bunbury

Barons of the United Kingdom

Hereditary barons

Irish baronies created after 1801 yield precedence to older baronies of the United Kingdom.

Title Created Arms Incumbent Heir Notes
1802   James Law
The Baron Rendlesham 1806
1807 John Manners, 6th Baron Manners John Manners
The Baron Castlemaine 1812
The Baron Decies 1812
1815   Michael Spencer, 7th Baron Churchill David Spencer (brother)
1815   John Harris (brother)
The Baron Garvagh 1818
1821   Thomas Liddell, 9th Baron Ravensworth Henry Liddell
1821 Hugh Cholmondeley (grandson)
1821   Charles Weld-Forester, 9th Baron Forester Brook Weld-Forester
1821 John Gerald Strutt, 6th Baron Rayleigh John Strutt
1824   Thomas Gifford
1826 Orlando Duncombe
1826   Colin Ellis, 6th Baron Seaford Benjamin Ellis
1827 Tyrone Plunket, 9th Baron Plunket Rory Plunket
1828   James à Court, 7th Baron Heytesbury Peter Holmes á Court (kinsman)
1828   Andrew Bootle-Wilbraham, 8th Baron Skelmersdale Daniel Bootle-Wilbraham
1829 John Best, 9th Baron Wynford Harry Best
The Baron Talbot of Malahide 1831
1831 Robin Boyd, 8th Baron Kilmarnock Simon Boyd
1831 Mark Bampfylde, 7th Baron Poltimore Henry Bampfylde
1831 Gregory Mostyn, 7th Baron Mostyn Roger Lloyd-Mostyn (third cousin twice removed)
1831   Victor Saumarez (brother)
1834 Richard Denman, 6th Baron Denman Robert Denman
The Baron Carew 1834
1835 Harry Scarlett (nephew)
1835 Frederick Baring
1835   Edward Littleton, 8th Baron Hatherton Thomas Edward Littleton
1836 David Campbell, 7th Baron Stratheden and Campbell none
The Baron Oranmore and Browne 1836
1838   George Ponsonby (brother)
1838 Victor Wrottesley
1838 Nicholas Hanbury-Tracy, 8th Baron Sudeley Nicholas Hanbury-Tracy (second cousin twice removed)
1838 Thomas Methuen-Campbell (half-brother)
1839   Christopher Leigh, 6th Baron Leigh Rupert Leigh
1839 Charles Spring Rice, 7th Baron Monteagle of Brandon Michael Rice (uncle)
1841 John Parnell, 9th Baron Congleton Christopher Parnell
1841 Charles Vivian, 7th Baron Vivian Thomas Vivian (first cousin)
The Baron Bellew 1847
1850 James Denison
1851 Fulke French, 8th Baron de Freyne Alexander French
1852 Inigo Somerset (grandson)
1856 Michael Strutt
The Baron Fermoy 1856
1858 Oliver Cavendish
1858 Benjamin Francis Anthony Yarde-Buller, 6th Baron Churston Joseph Francis Yarde-Buller
1859Max Wyndham, 7th Baron Leconfield, 2nd Baron EgremontGeorge Wyndhamknown as the Lord Egremont
1963
1859   Colin Vernon, 8th Baron Lyveden Robert Vernon (uncle)
1860 Charles Brougham, 6th Baron Brougham and Vaux Henry Brougham
1861 Richard Bethell, 6th Baron Westbury Alexander Bethell
1863 Luke White
1866   none
1866   William Jolliffe
1866 Edward Douglas-Pennant
1868 Raymond Chichester, 4th Baron O'Neill Shane O'Neill
1868 Robert Napier, 6th Baron Napier of Magdala James Napier
The Baron Rathdonnell 1868
1869 Robert Lyon-Dalberg-Acton (uncle)
1869   Miles Glyn, 8th Baron Wolverton Jonathan Glyn (half-brother)
1870 Richard Strachey (brother)
1871   Edward Mansfield
1872 Nicholas Alexander John Napier (brother)also Lord Napier (1627) in the Peerage of Scotland; known as the Lord Napier and Ettrick
1873 Hector Bruce
1874 Rhoderick Moncreiff, 6th Baron Moncreiff Harry Moncreiff
1874 James Coleridge
1874 Thomas Fremantle, 6th Baron Cottesloe Thomas Fremantle
1874 Charles Pakington
1876 none
1876 Ralph Tollemache
1876 Anthony Gerard, 5th Baron Gerard Rupert Gerard
1876 Arthur Sackville-West
1878 James Adderley, 8th Baron Norton Edward Adderley
1880 Marke Hill-Trevor, 5th Baron Trevor Iain Hill-Trevor (brother)
1881 Anthony Russell (brother)
1881   Robin Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone, 5th Baron Derwent Francis Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone
1881   Anthony Tufton, 6th Baron Hothfield William Tufton
1884 David Harold Alexander Tennyson, 6th Baron Tennyson Alan Tennyson (brother)
1884 James Grant of Grant, 6th Baron Strathspey Michael Grant of Grant (brother)
1884   Christopher Mark Dodson, 4th Baron Monk Bretton Ben Dodson
1884 Henry James
1885 James Rothschild (first cousin)
1885 Alexander Rupert Baring, 7th Baron Revelstoke Thomas Baring
1885 James Collier, 6th Baron Monkswell James Collier
1885 Edward Gibson, 5th Baron Ashbourne Edward Gibson
1885 Charles Winn, 6th Baron St Oswald Rowland Winn
1885 Jonathan Douglas-Scott-Montagu (half-brother)
1886   Henry Allsopp, 7th Baron Hindlip Jasper Allsop
1886 Harry Becket
1886   Gavin Hamilton, 5th Baron Hamilton of Dalzell Francis Hamilton
1887 Hugh St Aubyn
1887   Stuart Sclater-Booth, 6th Baron Basing Luke Sclater-Booth
1887   Frederick Fellowes
1887 Michael Hubbard (brother)
1888 John Lumley-Savile, 4th Baron Savile James Lumley-Savile (half-brother)
1892 Richard Cubitt
1892   Edward Brooks (nephew)
1892 Hugh Cecil, 5th Baron Amherst of Hackney Jack Cecil
1892   Piers Legh
1892   Andrew Mulholland
1893 James Vivian
1896   Humprey Gibbs
1897 Evelyn William James Hamilton (brother)
1897   Evan Baillie, 4th Baron Burton James Baillie
1899 Christopher Bailey, 5th Baron Glanusk Charles Bailey
1899 Philip Gurdon, 3rd Baron Cranworth Sascha Gurdon
1900   Alexander Lubbock
1900 Luke Morris
1900   Alexander Howard, 5th Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal Angus Howard
1902 Christopher Balfour, 5th Baron Kinross Alan Balfour
1902 Thomas Kay-Shuttleworth
1902 Richard Grenfell (first cousin)Also Baron Grenfell of Kilvey for life, 2000
1902 Bertram MitfordAlso Baron Mitford for life, 2000
1903   Henry Lawson, 7th Baron Burnham none
1903 Anthony Biddulph, 5th Baron Biddulph Robert Biddulph
1905 Charles Ritchie, 6th Baron Ritchie of Dundee Sebastian Ritchie
1906 Charles Martyn-Hemphill, 6th Baron Hemphill Richard Martyn-Hemphill
1906 James Joicey, 5th Baron Joicey William Joicey
1906 Stephen Wilson, 6th Baron Nunburnholme Charles Wilson
1907   Rupert Montagu (first cousin)
1907   James Blyth, 5th Baron Blyth Hugo Blyth
1908 William Whiteley, 4th Baron Marchamley Leon Whiteley
1909 Oliver Barnes
1909 Patrick Fisher, 4th Baron Fisher of Kilverstone Benjamin Fisher
1909 James Godley
1910   Julian Hardinge, 4th Baron Hardinge of Penshurst Hugh Hardinge (brother)
1910   Alexander de Villiers, 4th Baron de Villiers none
1911 Cody Tennant, 4th Baron Glenconner Euan Tennant (first cousin)
1911 Henry McLaren, 4th Baron Aberconway Charles McLaren
1911 David Trevor Lewis, 5th Baron Merthyr Peter Lewis (uncle)
1911 Jason Corbett
1911 John Ashton (brother)The Lord Ashton of Hyde ranks higher in precedence as the current Master of the Horse than as a baron.
1911 Matthew Mosley (brother)
1912 Ian Hope-Morley, 4th Baron Hollenden Edward Hope-Morley
1914 Michael Cripps, 5th Baron Parmoor Henry Cripps
1914 Henry Cunliffe
1915 William Buckley, 4th Baron Wrenbury Jamie Buckley
1916 James Henderson
1916 David Shaughnessy (brother)
1916 Christopher Norton, 3rd Baron Rathcreedan Adam Norton (brother)
1916   John Crossley
1916   Thomas Nicolson
1917 Maxwell Aitken
1917 Adrian Pease
1917   Alexander Dewer
1917   Craig Hamilton-Smith, 4th Baron Colwyn Joshua Hamilton-Smith
1917 Peregrine Chaloner
1918   Thomas Morris, 4th Baron Morris James Morris (brother)
1918 John Cawley, 4th Baron Cawley William Cawley
1918 Jack Woodhouse
1918 Edward Arthur
1918 Tristan Phillimore
1919 Andrew Weir, 4th Baron Inverforth Benjamin Weir
1919   Arup Sinha, 6th Baron Sinha Dilip Sinha (brother)
1919   Thomas Cochrane, 5th Baron Cochrane of Cults Thomas Cochrane
1919 John Roberts, 4th Baron Clwyd John Roberts
1919 Edward Russell
1919 Charles Eady, 4th Baron Swinfen none
1919   Thomas Meston
1920 Michael Cokayne, 4th Baron Cullen of Ashbourne none
1921Patrick Lawrence, 5th Baron Trevethin, 3rd Baron OakseyOliver Lawrence
1947
1922 John Nivison, 4th Baron Glendyne none
1922 Miles Watson, 4th Baron Manton Thomas Watson
1922 Alastair Williamson, 4th Baron Forres George Williamson
1922   William Vestey, 4th Baron Vestey Samuel Vestey
1922 Edwin Borwick
1922   Joseph Maclay, 3rd Baron Maclay Joseph Maclay
1922 Jacob Bethell
1924 Robert Darling, 3rd Baron Darling Robert Darling
1924 Charles Banbury, 3rd Baron Banbury of Southam none
1925   Derek Duke, 4th Baron Merrivale Thomas Duke
1926 John Bradbury, 4th Baron Bradbury Benjamin Bradbury (brother)
1927 Nicholas Greenway (nephew)
1927 Thomas Chubb
1927   Fiennes Cornwallis, 4th Baron Cornwallis Fiennes Cornwallis
1927 Thomas Greenall
1928   Orlando Gibbs
1928 Edward Remnant
1929 Nicholas Moynihan
1929   Thomas Shaw, 4th Baron Craigmyle Alexander Shaw
1929   Michael Hamilton Wills, 3rd Baron Dulverton Robert Wills
1929 Ian Lawson Johnston, 4th Baron Luke Samuel Lawson Johnson
1929 Robert Yerburgh, 3rd Baron Alvingham Robert Yerburgh
1929 Max Baden-Powell
1930 Cameron PonsonbyAlso Baron Ponsonby of Roehampton for life, 2000
1930 Martin Dickinson, 3rd Baron Dickinson Andrew Dickinson (brother)
1930   Charles Noel-Buxton, 4th Baron Noel-Buxton Christopher Noel-Buxton (cousin)
1930 Philip Howard, 3rd Baron Howard of Penrith Thomas Howard
1931   David Lamb, 3rd Baron Rochester Daniel Lamb
1932   Callum Mitchell-Thomson
1932 Valentine Guinness
1932 David Davies, 4th Baron Davies Benjamin Davies (brother)
1932 James Hope, 6th Baron Rankeillour Charlie Hope
1933 Alexander Nall-Cain
1933 George Milne, 3rd Baron Milne Iain Milne (brother)
1933 James Rodd, 4th Baron Rennell none
1933   Christopher Seely, 6th Baron Mottistone Richard Seely (brother)
1933   Robert Iliffe, 3rd Baron Iliffe Edward Iliffe
1933 Hugo Palmer, 5th Baron Palmer Ernest Palmer
1934   Anthony Cecil, 4th Baron Rockley William Cecil
1934 Edward Elton, 3rd Baron Elton Charles Elton
1934 Timothy Loder, 4th Baron Wakehurst Jan Loder (cousin)
1935 Frederick Fermor-Hesketh
1935 John William de l'Aigle Buchan, 4th Baron Tweedsmuir John Buchan
1935   Andrew Wigram, 3rd Baron Wigram Harry Wigram
1935 Anthony Balfour, 3rd Baron Riverdale David Balfour (uncle)
1935 Jasper May, 4th Baron May none
1935 William Young, 3rd Baron Kennet Archibald Young
1936 Rory MacPherson
1936 Innes Catto, 3rd Baron Catto Alexander Catto (brother)
1937 James Hennessy, 4th Baron Windlesham George Hennessy
1937 Arthur Mancroft
1937 Harry McGowan, 4th Baron McGowan Dominic McGowan (brother)
1937 Henry Bowyer (brother)
1937 Matthew Rea, 4th Baron Rea Ivan Rea
1937 John Cadman, 3rd Baron Cadman Nicholas Cadman
1937   William Siddeley
1937 Harry Denison-Pender, 4th Baron Pender Miles Denison-Pender
1938 Henry Lopes
1938 Edward Brassey, 4th Baron Brassey of Apethorpe Christian Brassey
1938 Nicholas Charles Trevor Stamp, 5th Baron Stamp Leo Stamp
1938 Charles Smith, 5th Baron Bicester Milo Louis Vivian Smith
1939 Guy Philipps, 4th Baron Milford Archie Philipps
1939 Donald Hankey, 3rd Baron Hankey Alexander Hankey (brother)
1939 Thomas Harmsworth, 3rd Baron Harmsworth Dominic Harmsworth
1939   Herbert Cayzer
1939 Daniel Dixon
1940 Charles Tryon, 4th Baron Tryon Guy Tryon
1940 Bernard Page Croft, 3rd Baron Croft none
1940 Charles Kerr, 3rd Baron Treviot none
1940 Alasdair Nathan
1940 James Reith, 3rd Baron Reith Harry Reith
1941 Frederick Kindersley
1941 Charles Ironside, 3rd Baron Ironside Hon Frederick Ironside
1942 Dominic Latham, 2nd Baron Latham Anthony Latham (brother)
1942 Anthony John Wedgwood, 5th Baron Wedgwood Josiah Wedgwood
1942 James Geddes
1942 Michael Warrender, 3rd Baron Bruntisfield John Warrender
1942   Benjamin Moore-Brabazon
1943 Charles Keyes, 3rd Baron Keyes Leopold Keyes (brother)
1943   Christopher Herbert, 4th Baron Hemingford Frederick Herbert
1943   James Wilson, 3rd Baron Moran David Wilson
1943 Victor Lampson, 3rd Baron Killearn Miles Lampson
1943 Piers Dowding, 3rd Baron Dowding Mark Dowding (brother)
1944 John Gretton
1944 Fergus Westwood, 4th Baron Westwood Alistair Westwood (brother)
1945   Arthur Grey Hazlerigg, 3rd Baron Hazlerigg Arthur Hazlerigg
1945 Douglas Hacking
1945 Philip Chetwode, 2nd Baron Chetwode Roger Chetwode
1945   James Edmondson, 3rd Baron Sandford Devon Edmondson
1945 Edward Grigg
1945 Mark Broadbridge
1945 Alexander Evans
1945   Simon Lindsay (first cousin once removed)
1945 James Piercy, 3rd Baron Piercy Mark Piercy (brother)
1945 Patrick Chorley
1945 Charles Muff, 3rd Baron Calverley Jonathan Muff
1946   Robin Tedder, 3rd Baron Tedder Benjamin Tedder
1946 Thomas Campbell
1946   Paul Davies, 4th Baron Darwen Benjamin Davies (brother)
1946 John Lucas
1946   Graeme Shepherd, 3rd Baron Shepherd Patrick Shepherd
1946 Richard Newall
1947 Robert Maffey, 3rd Baron Rugby Timothy Maffey
1947   Jonathan Layton, 4th Baron Layton Jonathan Layton (first cousin)
1947   Michael Simon (first cousin once removed)
1947   John Kershaw
1947 William Trefgarne
1947 Robert Crook, 3rd Baron Crook Matthew Crook
1947   Keith Montague, 3rd Baron Amwell Ian Montague
1947 Michael Richards, 3rd Baron Milverton Arthur Richards
1948 David Colville, 3rd Baron Clydesmuir Richard Colville
1950   Andrew Burden, 3rd Baron Burden Fraser Burden (brother)
1950 Nicholas Haden-Guest (brother)
Baron Silkin 1950   currently disclaimed Rory Silkin (first cousin)
1950 Matthew Hives, 3rd Baron Hives Robert George Hives (cousin)
1950 Tudor Rees Rees-Williams, 4th Baron Ogmore Tudor Rees-Williams
1950   Jonathan Morris, 3rd Baron Morris of Kenwood Benjamin Morris
1951 James Macpherson, 3rd Baron Macpherson of Drumochter Daniel Macpherson
1951   Michael Whitfield, 3rd Baron Kenswood Anthony John Whitfield (brother)
1951 Joseph Freyberg
1951   none
1951 David Kirkwood, 3rd Baron Kirkwood James Kirkwood (brother)
1951   Christopher Wise, 3rd Baron Wise Thomas Wise
1952 Christopher Jeffreys, 3rd Baron Jeffreys Arthur Jeffreys
1953 François O'Neill
1953 James Baillieu, 3rd Baron Baillieu Robert Baillieu
1953   Jesse Suenson-Taylor
1954 James Law, 3rd Baron Coleraine Andrew Law (uncle)
1954   Charles Harvey, 3rd Baron Harvey of Tasburgh John Harvey
1955 Richard Gridley, 3rd Baron Gridley Carl Gridley
1955 William Fraser
1955 Charles Galbraith (brother)
1955 Ralph Assheton
1955 Duncan McNair, 3rd Baron McNair William McNair (brother)
1956 Alisdair Hopkinson, 2nd Baron Colyton James Hopkinson
1956 Charles Astor
1957 John Sinclair, 3rd Baron Sinclair of Cleeve none
1957 Nicholas Bridges (brother)
1957 Mark Norrie
1958   none
1958 William Harding, 3rd Baron Harding of Petherton Angus Harding
1958   David Poole, 2nd Baron Poole Oliver Poole
1959 Nicholas Rootes, 3rd Baron Rootes William Rootes (first cousin)
1959 James Turner, 3rd Baron Netherthorpe Andrew Turner
1959 Thomas Dugdale
1959   Patrick Spens, 4th Baron Spens Peter Spens
1959   Oliver Charles MacAndrew, 4th Baron MacAndrew Archie MacAndrew
1960 Alistair Nelson, 4th Baron Nelson of Stafford James Nelson (uncle)
1960   David Baring
1960 currently disclaimed Michael Sanderson
1960 Edward Lytton Cobbold
1961 William Robertson, 3rd Baron Robertson of Oakridge none
1961 Simon Marks, 3rd Baron Marks of Broughton Michael Marks
1961   James Broughton
1962   Robert Seager, 3rd Baron Leighton of St Mellons Simon Seager (brother)
1962 Michael Brain, 3rd Baron Brain Thomas Brain
1962   Philip Low
1962   James Hoyer Millar, 3rd Baron Inchyra Jake Millar
1963 Simon Trustram Eve, 3rd Baron Silsoe Peter Eve (uncle)
1964 Benjamin Thomson
1964 James Robinson
1964 Dwight Makins, 3rd Baron Sherfield none
1964 Henry Fletcher-Vane
1964 Jonathan Hope, 3rd Baron Glendevon none
1964 Robert Grimston, 3rd Baron Grimston of Westbury Gerald Grimston (brother)
1964   Robert Renwick, 3rd Baron Renwick Michael Renwick (brother)
1964 Richard Hughes-Young, 2nd Baron St Helens Henry Hughes-Young
1965 Alastair Morrison, 3rd Baron Margadale Declan Morrison

Life barons

All baronies created since 1965 have either been life peerages or subsidiary baronies for peerages of higher rank, which do not appear in this list.

Name and Title Created Arms Notes
1971   the senior life peer
1979
1983
1984
1985  
1985  
1985  
1985  
1987
1987  
1987
Sally Oppenheim-Barnes, Baroness Oppenheim-Barnes 1989  
1989  
1990   The Baroness Eccles of Moulton ranks higher in precedence as Viscountess Eccles by marriage than as a baroness in her own right.
1990
1990  
1990  
1990  
1991
1991
1991  
1991
1991  
1991  
1991
1991  
1991
1991  
Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn 1991  
Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky 1991  
1991
1991
1992  
1992  
Lynda Chalker, Baroness Chalker of Wallasey 1992  
John Wakeham, Baron Wakeham 1992
David Owen, Baron Owen 1992  
Norman Tebbit, Baron Tebbit 1992
1992
1992  
Jeffrey Archer, Baron Archer of Weston-super-Mare 1992  
1992
Dafydd Elis-Thomas, Baron Elis-Thomas 1992  
1992  
1993
1993  
1993  
1993  
1993  
1994
1994  
1994  
1994  
1995  The Baroness Hogg ranks higher in precedence as Viscountess Hailsham by marriage than as a baroness in her own right.
1995  
1995  
1995
1995
Robin Eames, Baron Eames 1995
1995  
1995  
1995  
1996  
1996  
1996
1996  
1996
Dick Taverne, Baron Taverne 1996  
1996  
1996  
1996
1996  
1996  
1996
1996  
1996  
1996
1996
1996
1996  
1996  
1997
Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber 1997  
1997
1997  
1997
Michael Jopling, Baron Jopling 1997  
1997  
David Steel, Baron Steel of Aikwood 1997
David Alton, Baron Alton of Liverpool 1997  
Douglas Hurd, Baron Hurd of Westwell 1997  
1997
1997
1997  
1997  
1997
1997  
1997  
1997  
1997  
Janet Fookes, Baroness Fookes 1997
1997  
1997
1997  
1997  
1997  
1997  
1997  
1997
1997  
1997
1997
1997  
David Puttnam, Baron Puttnam 1997
1997  
1997
1997  
1997  
Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal 1997
1997  
1997  
1997  
1997  
1997  
1997  
Roy Hattersley, Baron Hattersley 1997  
1998
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998
1998  
Norman Lamont, Baron Lamont of Lerwick 1998  
1998  
Christopher Haskins, Baron Haskins 1998  
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998  
1998
1998  
1998  
1998  
Melvyn Bragg, Baron Bragg 1998  
1998  
1998  
Gus Macdonald, Baron Macdonald of Tradeston 1998  
1999
Onora O'Neill, Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve 1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999
Alan Watson, Baron Watson of Richmond 1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999
1999  
1999  
1999  
Catherine Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland 1999  
1999
1999  
1999
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999  
1999
2000
2000  
2000  
2000  
2000  
2000
2000  
2000  
2000  
2000  
2000  
2000  
Bhikhu Parekh, Baron Parekh 2000  
2000  
2000  
Sebastian Coe, Baron Coe 2000  
2000  
2000  
2000  
Kenneth O. Morgan, Baron Morgan 2000  
2000  
2000
Michael Ashcroft, Baron Ashcroft 2000
2001  
Jeff Rooker, Baron Rooker 2001  
2001  
2001
2001  
2001  
2001  
2001
2001  
2001
2001
2001  
2001  
2001  
2001  
Dale Campbell-Savours, Baron Campbell-Savours 2001  
2001  
2001  
2001  
Michael Heseltine, Baron Heseltine 2001  
2001  
2001  
Ken Maginnis, Baron Maginnis of Drumglass 2001  
Conrad Moffat Black, Baron Black of Crossharbour 2001  
George Carey, Baron Carey of Clifton 2002  The Lord Carey of Clifton ranks higher in precedence as retired Archbishop of Canterbury than as a baron.
2002  
2003  
2004  
2004
2004  
2004
2004  
2004
2004
2004  
2004  
Peter Snape, Baron Snape 2004  
2004  
2004  
2004  
2004  
2004  
Julia Neuberger, Baroness Neuberger 2004  
2004  
Anthony Giddens, Baron Giddens 2004  
2004
2004  
John Maxton, Baron Maxton 2004  
Hugh Dykes, Baron Dykes 2004  
2004  
2004  
2004  
2004  
2004  
2004  
2004  
2004
Leslie Griffiths, Baron Griffiths of Burry Port 2004  
2004  
2004  
2004
Chris Patten, Baron Patten of Barnes 2005  
Neil Kinnock, Baron Kinnock 2005  
2005  The Lord Hope of Thornes ranks higher in precedence as retired Archbishop of York than as a baron.
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
Estelle Morris, Baroness Morris of Yardley 2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005
Gillian Shephard, Baroness Shephard of Northwold 2005
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
Virginia Bottomley, Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone 2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2005  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006  
2006
2006  
2006
2006  
2006  
2006
2006  
2006
2006  
2006
2006
2006  
2006  The Lord Harries of Pentregarth ranks higher in precedence as retired Bishop of Oxford than as a baron.
2006
2006
2007  
2007
2007  
2007
2007  
2007  
2007  
2007  
2007
2007  
2007  
2007  
2007  
2007  
2007  
2007  
2007  
2007  
2008  
2008  
2008
2008  
Peter Mandelson, Baron Mandelson 2008  
2008  
2008  
2008  
2009
2009  
2009
2009  
Alan Sugar, Baron Sugar 2009
2009  
2010  
2010
Tanni Grey-Thompson, Baroness Grey-Thompson 2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
Maeve Sherlock, Baroness Sherlock 2010  
2010   The Lord McFall of Alcluith ranks higher in precedence as the current Lord Speaker than as a baron.
Simon Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Aspley Guise 2010  
Phil Willis, Baron Willis of Knaresborough 2010  
Hilary Armstrong, Baroness Armstrong of Hill Top 2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
John Gummer, Baron Deben 2010
2010  
2010  
Jim Knight, Baron Knight of Weymouth 2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
Floella Benjamin, Baroness Benjamin 2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
Jack McConnell, Baron McConnell of Glenscorrodale 2010  
Don Touhig, Baron Touhig 2010  
Quentin Davies, Baron Davies of Stamford 2010  
2010   The Baroness Smith of Basildon ranks higher in precedence as the current Lord Privy Seal than as a baroness.
John Prescott, Baron Prescott 2010  
Helen Liddell, Baroness Liddell of Coatdyke 2010  
Tim Boswell, Baron Boswell of Aynho 2010
2010  
Angela Browning, Baroness Browning 2010  
Michael Wills, Baron Wills 2010  
Dolar Amarshi Popat, Baron Popat 2010  
2010  
Ken Macdonald, Baron Macdonald of River Glaven 2010  
2010  
Michael Howard, Baron Howard of Lympne 2010
2010  
2010  
2010  
Beverley Hughes, Baroness Hughes of Stretford 2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
Ian Blair, Baron Blair of Boughton 2010  
2010  
2010  
2010
2010  
Des Browne, Baron Browne of Ladyton 2010  
John Monks, Baron Monks 2010  
Peter Hennessy, Baron Hennessy of Nympsfield 2010
2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
Michael Dobbs, Baron Dobbs 2010  
2010  
2010  
Fiona Shackleton, Baroness Shackleton of Belgravia 2010  
Dee Doocey, Baroness Doocey 2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
2010  
2011  
2011  
2011
2011  
2011
2011  
2011
2011
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011  
2011
2011
2011
2011  
2011
2011
2011  
2011  
Maurice Glasman, Baron Glasman 2011  
Sal Brinton, Baroness Brinton 2011
David Maclean, Baron Blencathra 2011  
2011
2011  
Gus O'Donnell, Baron O'Donnell 2012  
Beeban Kidron, Baroness Kidron 2012  
2012  
2012  
Rowan Williams, Baron Williams of Oystermouth 2013 The Lord Williams of Oystermouth ranks higher in precedence as retired Archbishop of Canterbury than as a baron.
2013  
2013
2013  
2013  
2013
John Horam, Baron Horam 2013  
2013  
Ian Wrigglesworth, Baron Wrigglesworth 2013  
2013  
Zahida Manzoor, Baroness Manzoor 2013  
Doreen Lawrence, Baroness Lawrence of Clarendon 2013  
Nick Bourne, Baron Bourne of Aberystwyth 2013  
Catherine Bakewell, Baroness Bakewell of Hardington Mandeville 2013  
Mike Whitby, Baron Whitby 2013  
Lucy Neville-Rolfe, Baroness Neville-Rolfe 2013  
Daniel Finkelstein, Baron Finkelstein 2013  
Matthew Carrington, Baron Carrington of Fulham 2013  
Stephen Sherbourne, Baron Sherbourne of Didsbury 2013  
2013  
Jeremy Purvis, Baron Purvis of Tweed 2013  
2013  
2013  
Rumi Verjee, Baron Verjee 2013  
2013  
Christine Humphreys, Baroness Humphreys 2013  
William Haughey, Baron Haughey 2013
2013  
Richard Balfe, Baron Balfe 2013  
2013  
2013  
James Palumbo, Baron Palumbo of Southwark 2013  
2013  
Annabel Goldie, Baroness Goldie 2013  
Anthony Bamford, Baron Bamford 2013
2013
2014  
2014  
2014  
2014  
2014  
2014  
2014  
Dido Harding, Baroness Harding of Winscombe 2014
2014  
2014  
Stuart Rose, Baron Rose of Monewden 2014  
2014  
Arminka Helic, Baron Helic 2014  
Gail Rebuck, Baroness Rebuck 2014  
Nosheena Mobarik, Baroness Mobarik 2014  
Paul Scriven, Baron Scriven 2014  
2014  
Karren Brady, Baroness Brady 2014  
Michael Cashman, Baron Cashman 2014  
2014  
2014  
Barbara Janke, Baroness Janke 2014  
2014  
2014  
2014  
2014  
2014  
Ros Altmann, Baroness Altmann 2015  
2015  
Francis Maude, Baron Maude of Horsham 2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
David Blunkett, Baron Blunkett 2015  
2015  
2015
2015  
2015  
2015  
James Arbuthnot, Baron Arbuthnot of Edrom 2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
Andrew Lansley, Baron Lansley 2015  
2015  
2015  
Anne McIntosh, Baroness McIntosh of Pickering 2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
William Hague, Baron Hague of Richmond 2015
Lorely Burt, Baroness Burt of Solihull 2015  
2015  
Andrew Robathan, Baron Robathan 2015  
Menzies Campbell, Baron Campbell of Pittenweem 2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
David Willetts, Baron Willetts 2015  
Malcolm Bruce, Baron Bruce of Bennachie 2015  
Alan Beith, Baron Beith 2015  
2015  
Lynne Featherstone, Baroness Featherstone 2015  
2015  
2015  
Peter Hain, Baron Hain 2015  
2015  
Sharon Bowles, Baroness Bowles of Berkhamsted 2015  
2015  
Dawn Primarolo, Baroness Primarolo 2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
2015  
2016  
2016  
2016  
2016  
2016  
Timothy Kirkhope, Baron Kirkhope of Harrogate 2016
2016  
2016  
2016  
Shami Chakrabarti, Baroness Chakrabarti 2016  
2016  
Nick Macpherson, Baron Macpherson of Earl's Court 2016  
2016  
2016  
2017  
2017  
2017  
2017  
2017  
2017  
Richard Chartres, Baron Chartres 2017  The Lord Chartres ranks higher in precedence as retired Bishop of London than as a baron.
2017  
Nick Houghton, Baron Houghton of Richmond 2017
Andrew Tyrie, Baron Tyrie 2018  
Eric Pickles, Baron Pickles 2018  
Peter Lilley, Baron Lilley 2018  
2018  
2018  
2018  
2018  
Iain McNicol, Baron McNicol of West Kilbride 2018  
2018  
2018  
Edward Garnier, Baron Garnier 2018  
2018  
2018  
2018
2018  
2018  
Nicola Blackwood, Baroness Blackwood of North Oxford 2019  
Natalie Bennett, Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle 2019  
Gavin Barwell, Baron Barwell 2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
Byron Davies, Baron Davies of Gower 2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
2019  
Kim Darroch, Baron Darroch of Kew 2019  
Nicky Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Cotes 2020  
Zac Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith of Richmond Park 2020  
2020  The Lord Reed of Allermuir ranks higher in precedence as the current President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom than as a baron.
2020  
2020  
2020  
Nick Herbert, Baron Herbert of South Downs 2020  
Ed Vaizey, Baron Vaizey of Didcot 2020
2020  
Ian Austin, Baron Austin of Dudley 2020  
2020  
Katy Clark, Baroness Clark of Kilwinning 2020  
2020  
Kenneth Clarke, Baron Clarke of Nottingham 2020  
Gisela Stuart, Baroness Stuart of Edgbaston 2020  
Lorraine Fullbrook, Baroness Fullbrook 2020  
2020
2020  
Sue Hayman, Baroness Hayman of Ullock 2020  
2020  
Ian Botham, Baron Botham 2020  
2020  
Mark Sedwill, Baron Sedwill 2020  
Claire Fox, Baroness Fox of Buckley 2020  
Kate Hoey, Baroness Hoey 2020  
2020  
2020  
2020  
2020  
2020  
Michael Spencer, Baron Spencer of Alresford 2020  
2020  
Nigel Dodds, Baron Dodds of Duncairn 2020  
2020  
Philip Hammond, Baron Hammond of Runnymede 2020  
Jo Johnson, Baron Johnson of Marylebone 2020  
2020  
2020  
2020  
2020  
2020  
2020  
2020  
2020  
Daniel Hannan, Baron Hannan of Kingsclere 2021  
2021  
Richard Benyon, Baron Benyon 2021  
2021  
2021  
2021  
Syed Kamall, Baron Kamall 2021  
Gillian Merron, Baroness Merron 2021  
2021   The Lord Parker of Minsmere ranks higher in precedence as the current Lord Chamberlain than as a baron.
Jacqueline Foster, Baroness Foster of Oxton 2021  
2021  
Jenny Chapman, Baroness Chapman of Darlington 2021  
Vernon Coaker, Baron Coaker 2021  
2021  
2021  
2021  
John Sentamu, Baron Sentamu 2021 The Lord Sentamu ranks higher in precedence as retired Archbishop of York than as a baron.
Simon Stevens, Baron Stevens of Birmingham 2021  
Ruth Davidson, Baroness Davidson of Lundin Links 2021  
2021  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
Nicholas Soames, Baron Soames of Fletching 2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
Hugo Swire, Baron Swire 2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
Arlene Foster, Baroness Foster of Aghadrumsee 2022  
2022  
Stewart Jackson, Baron Jackson of Peterborough 2022  
Peter Hendy, Baron Hendy of Richmond Hill 2022  
2022  
Ruth Smeeth, Baroness Anderson of Stoke-on-Trent 2022  
Dave Prentis, Baron Prentis of Leeds 2022  
Stuart Peach, Baron Peach 2022  
2022  
2022  
2022  
2023  
2023  
2023  
2023  
2023  
2023  
2023  
2023  
2023  
2023  The Baroness Carr of Walton-on-the-Hill ranks higher in precedence as the current Lady Chief Justice of England and Wales than as a baroness.
2023  
2023  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  
2024  

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Young, Sir Charles George . Order of Precedence With Authorities and Remarks . 1851 . S. Bentley & Company . London, UK . 23 . 7 February 2024.