List of Balzan Prize recipients explained

This is a list of recipients of the Balzan Prize, one of the world's most prestigious academic awards. The International Balzan Prize Foundation awards four annual monetary prizes to people or organizations who have made outstanding achievements in the humanities, natural sciences, culture, and peace on an international level. The Prizes are awarded in four subject areas: "two in literature, the moral sciences and the arts" and "two in the physical, mathematical and natural sciences and medicine."^[1] The special Prize for Humanity, Peace and Fraternity is presented at intervals of every three years or longer.

1960s–1970s

1961

Nobel Foundation (Sweden) --- Humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples

1962

Andrey Kolmogorov (Soviet Union) --- Mathematics
Karl von Frisch (Austria) --- Biology
Paul Hindemith (Germany) --- Music
Samuel Eliot Morison (United States) --- History
Pope John XXIII (Vatican) --- Humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples

1978

Mother Teresa of Calcutta (India) --- Humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples

1979

Ernest Labrousse (France) and Giuseppe Tucci (Italy) --- History
Jean Piaget (Switzerland) --- Social and political sciences
Torbjörn Caspersson (Sweden) --- Biology

1980s

1980

Enrico Bombieri (Italy) --- Mathematics
Hassan Fathy (Egypt) --- Architecture and town planning
Jorge Luis Borges (Argentina) --- Philology, linguistics and literary criticism

1981

Dan McKenzie (United Kingdom), Drummond Matthews (United Kingdom) and Frederick Vine (United Kingdom) --- Geology and geophysics
Josef Pieper (Germany) --- Philosophy
Paul Reuter (France) --- International public law

1982

Jean-Baptiste Duroselle (France) --- Social sciences
Kenneth Vivian Thimann (United Kingdom / United States) --- Pure and applied botany
Massimo Pallottino (Italy) --- Sciences of antiquity

1983

Edward Shils (United States) --- Sociology
Ernst Mayr (Germany / United States) --- Zoology
Francesco Gabrieli (Italy) --- Oriental studies

1984

Jan Hendrik Oort (Netherlands) --- Astrophysics
Jean Starobinski (Switzerland) --- History and criticism of the literatures
Sewall Wright (United States) --- Genetics

1985

Ernst H. J. Gombrich (Austria / United Kingdom) --- History of western art
Jean-Pierre Serre (France) --- Mathematics

1986

(France) --- Basic human rights
Otto Neugebauer (Austria / United States) --- History of science
Roger Revelle (United States) --- Oceanography / climatology
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) --- Humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples

1987

Jerome Seymour Bruner (United States) --- Human psychology
Phillip V. Tobias (South Africa) --- Physical anthropology
Richard W. Southern (United Kingdom) --- Medieval history

1988

Michael Evenari (Israel) and Otto Ludwig Lange (Germany) --- Applied botany (incl. ecological aspects)
René Étiemble (France) --- Comparative literature
Shmuel Noah Eisenstadt (Israel) --- Sociology

1989

Emmanuel Lévinas (France / Lithuania) --- Philosophy
Leo Pardi (Italy) --- Ethologie
Martin John Rees (United Kingdom) --- High energy astrophysics

1990s

1990

James Freeman Gilbert (United States) --- Geophysics (solid earth)
Pierre Lalive d'Epinay (Switzerland) --- Private international law
Walter Burkert (Germany) --- Study of the ancient world (Mediterranean area)

1991

György Ligeti (Hungary / Austria) --- Music
John Maynard Smith (United Kingdom) --- Genetics and evolution
Vitorino Magalhães Godinho (Portugal) --- History: The emergence of Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries
Abbé Pierre (Henri Grouès) (France) --- Humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples

1992

Armand Borel (Switzerland) --- Mathematics
(Gambia) --- Preventive medicine
Giovanni Macchia (Italy) --- History and criticism of the literatures

1993

Jean Leclant (France) --- Art and archaeology of the ancient world
Lothar Gall (Germany) --- History: societies of the 19th and 20th centuries
Wolfgang H. Berger (Germany / United States) --- Paleontology with special reference to oceanography

1994

Fred Hoyle (United Kingdom) and Martin Schwarzschild (Germany / United States) --- Astrophysics (evolution of stars)
Norberto Bobbio (Italy) --- Law and political science (governments and democracy)
(France) --- Biology (cell structure with special reference to the nervous system)

1995

Alan J. Heeger (United States) --- Science of new non-biological materials
Carlo M. Cipolla (Italy) --- Economic history
Yves Bonnefoy (France) --- Art history and art criticism (as applied to European art from the Middle Ages to our times)

1996

(Germany) --- History: medieval cultures
Arnt Eliassen (Norway) --- Meteorology
Stanley Hoffmann (Austria / United States / France) --- Political sciences: contemporary international relations
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) --- Humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples

1997

Charles Coulston Gillispie (United States) --- History and philosophy of science
Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah (Sri Lanka / United States) --- Social sciences: social anthropology
Thomas Wilson Meade (United Kingdom) --- Epidemiology

1998

Andrzej Walicki (Poland / United States) --- History: the cultural and social history of the Slavonic world from the reign of Catherine the Great to the Russian revolutions of 1917
Harmon Craig (United States) --- Geochemistry
Robert McCredie May (United Kingdom / Australia) --- Biodiversity

1999

John Elliott (United Kingdom) --- History 1500-1800
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (Italy / United States) --- Science of human origins
Mikhail Gromov (Russia / France) --- Mathematics
Paul Ricœur (France) --- Philosophy

2000s

2000

Ilkka Hanski (Finland) --- Ecological sciences
Martin Litchfield West (United Kingdom) --- Classical antiquity
Michael Stolleis (Germany) --- Legal history since 1500
Michel G.E. Mayor (Switzerland) --- Instrumentation and techniques in astronomy and astrophysics
Abdul Sattar Edhi (Pakistan) --- Humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples

2001

Claude Lorius (France) --- Climatology
James Sloss Ackerman (United States) --- History of architecture (including town planning and landscape design)
Jean-Pierre Changeux (France) --- Cognitive neurosciences
Marc Fumaroli (France) --- Literary history and criticism (post 1500)

2002

Anthony Grafton (United States) --- History of the humanities
Dominique Schnapper (France) --- Sociology
Walter J. Gehring (Switzerland) --- Developmental biology
Xavier Le Pichon (France) --- Geology

2003

Eric Hobsbawm (United Kingdom) --- European history since 1900
Reinhard Genzel (Germany) --- Infrared astronomy
Serge Moscovici (France) --- Social psychology
Wen-Hsiung Li (Taiwan / United States) --- Genetics and evolution

2004

Andrew Colin Renfrew (United Kingdom) --- Prehistoric Archaeology
Michael Marmot (United Kingdom) --- Epidemiology
Nikki R. Keddie (United States) --- The Islamic world from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th century
Pierre Deligne (Belgium) --- Mathematics
Community of Sant'Egidio --- Humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples

2005

Lothar Ledderose (Germany) --- History of the art of Asia
Peter Hall (United Kingdom) --- The social and cultural history of cities since the beginning of the 16th century
Peter R. Grant (United Kingdom) and Rosemary Grant (United States) --- Population biology
Russell J. Hemley (United States) and Ho-kwang (David) Mao (China) --- Mineral physics

2006

Ludwig Finscher (Germany) --- History of western music since 1600
Quentin Skinner (United Kingdom) --- Political thought: history and theory
Andrew Lange (United States) and (Italy) --- Observational astronomy and astrophysics
Elliott M. Meyerowitz (United States) and Christopher R. Somerville (Canada) --- Plant molecular genetics

2007

Sumio Iijima (Japan) --- Nanoscience
Bruce A. Beutler (United States) and Jules A. Hoffmann (France) --- Innate Immunity
Michel Zink (France) --- European Literature (1000 - 1500)
Rosalyn Higgins (United Kingdom) --- International Law since 1945
Karlheinz Böhm (Austria) --- Humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples

2008

Maurizio Calvesi (Italy) --- The Visual Arts since 1700
Thomas Nagel (Serbia / United States) --- Moral Philosophy
Ian H. Frazer (Australia) --- Preventive Medicine, including Vaccination
Wallace S. Broecker (United States) --- Science of Climate Change

2009

Terence Cave (United Kingdom) --- Literature since 1500
Michael Grätzel (Germany / Switzerland) --- Science of New Materials
Brenda Milner (United Kingdom / Canada) --- Cognitive Neurosciences
Paolo Rossi Monti (Italy) --- History of Science

2010s

2010

(Germany) --- History of theatre in all its aspects
Carlo Ginzburg (Italy) --- European History (1400 - 1700)
Jacob Palis (Brazil) --- Mathematics (pure or applied)
Shinya Yamanaka (Japan) --- Stem Cells: Biology and potential applications

2011

Peter Brown (Ireland) --- Ancient History (The Graeco-Roman World)
Bronislaw Baczko (Poland) --- Enlightenment Studies
Russell Scott Lande (United States / United Kingdom) --- Theoretical Biology or Bioinformatics
Joseph Ivor Silk (United States / United Kingdom) --- The Early Universe (From the Planck Time to the First Galaxies)

2012

Ronald Dworkin (United States) --- Jurisprudence
Reinhard Strohm (Germany) --- Musicology
Kurt Lambeck (Australia) --- Solid Earth Sciences, with emphasis on interdisciplinary research
David Baulcombe (United Kingdom) --- Epigenetics

2013

André Vauchez (France) --- Medieval History
Manuel Castells (Spain) --- Sociology
Alain Aspect (France) --- Quantum Information Processing and Communication
Pascale Cossart (France) --- Infectious diseases: basic and clinical aspects

2014

Mario Torelli (Italy) --- Classical Archaeology
Ian Hacking (Canada) --- Epistemology and Philosophy of Mind
G. David Tilman (United States) --- Basic and/or applied Plant Ecology
Dennis Sullivan (United States) --- Mathematics (pure or applied)
Vivre en Famille (France) --- Humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples

2015

Hans Belting (Germany) --- History of European Art (1300-1700)
Joel Mokyr (Netherland / United States / Israel) --- Economic History
Francis Halzen (Belgium / United States) --- Astroparticle Physics including neutrino and gamma-ray observation
David Karl (United States) --- Oceanography

2016

Piero Boitani (Italy) --- Comparative Literature
Reinhard Jahn (Germany) --- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, including neurodegenerative and developmental aspects
Federico Capasso (Italy) --- Applied Photonics
Robert Keohane (United States) --- International Relations: History and Theory

2017

Aleida Assmann (Germany) and Jan Assmann (Germany) --- Collective Memory
Bina Agarwal (India / United Kingdom) --- Gender Studies
Robert D. Schreiber (United States) and James P. Allison (United States) --- Immunological Approaches in Cancer Therapy
Michaël Gillon (Belgium) --- The Sun's Planetary System and Exoplanets

2018

Éva Kondorosi (Hungary / France) --- Chemical Ecology
Detlef Lohse (Germany) --- Fluid Dynamics
Jürgen Osterhammel (Germany) --- Global History
Marilyn Strathern (United Kingdom) --- Social Anthropology
Terre des hommes Foundation (Switzerland) --- Humanity, Peace and Fraternity among Peoples

2019

Jacques Aumont (France) --- Film Studies
Michael Cook (United States / United Kingdom) --- Islamic Studies
Luigi Ambrosio (Italy) --- Theory of Partial Differential Equations
Erika von Mutius,, and (all Germany) --- Pathophysiology of respiration: from basic sciences to the bedside

2020s

2020

Susan Trumbore (US / Germany) --- Earth System Dynamics
Jean-Marie Tarascon (France) --- Environmental Challenges: Materials Science for Renewable Energy
Joan Martinez Alier (Spain) --- Environmental Challenges: Responses from the Social Sciences and the Humanities
Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade (Brazil) --- Human Rights

2021

Saul Friedländer (France / US) --- Holocaust and Genocide Studies
Jeffrey I. Gordon (US) --- Microbiome in Health and Disease
Alessandra Buonanno (Italy / US) and Thibault Damour (France) --- Gravitation: physical and astrophysical aspects
Giorgio Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati (Italy / USA) --- Art and Archaeology of the Ancient Far East

2022

Robert Langer (US) --- Biomaterials for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering
Martha Nussbaum (US) --- Moral Philosophy
Dorthe Dahl-Jensen (Denmark) and Hans Oerlemans (Netherlands) --- Glaciation and Ice-Sheet Dynamics
Philip Bohlman (US) --- Ethnomusicology

2023

David Damrosch (US) --- World Literature
Jean-Jacques Hublin (France) --- Evolution of Humankind: Paleoanthropology
Eske Willerslev (Denmark) --- Evolution of Humankind: Ancient DNA and Human Evolution
Heino Falcke (Germany) --- High resolution images: from planetary to cosmic objects

External links

- Web site: Prize Winners . Milano Zurigo . . 6 June 2022.

Notes and References

Web site: Balzan Prize. 2020-09-15. www.balzan.org. it-it.