List of Atlantic–Pacific crossover hurricanes explained

An Atlantic - Pacific crossover hurricane is a tropical cyclone that develops in the Atlantic Ocean and moves into the Pacific Ocean, or vice versa. Since reliable records began in 1851, a total of twenty-one crossover tropical cyclones have been recorded. As tropical cyclones must travel over land to pass between the Atlantic and Pacific basins, usually their low-level circulation center dissipates and degenerate into remnant lows before completing the crossing. In such instances, they are not considered the same system.__TOC__

Storms

Official crossovers

Name	Year	Formation	Dissipation	Peak classification		Mininimum Pressure	Maximum Winds	Direction
				Atlantic	Pacific
Unnamed^[1]	1842	October	October	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		Unknown	Unknown	Pacific→Atlantic
Unnamed	1876	September 29	October 5	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		Unknown	90kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Unnamed	1902	October 3	October 11	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		970abbr=onNaNabbr=on	90kn	Pacific→Atlantic
Unnamed	1911	September 3	September 12	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		990abbr=onNaNabbr=on	85kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Unnamed	1923	October 12	October 17	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		983abbr=onNaNabbr=on	65kn	Pacific→Atlantic
Unnamed	1945	October 2	October 7	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		982abbr=onNaNabbr=on	75kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Unnamed	1949	September 27	October 5	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		965abbr=onNaNabbr=on	95kn	Pacific→Atlantic
Irene–Olivia	1971	September 11	September 30	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		948abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Fifi–Orlene	1974	September 14	September 24	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		971abbr=onNaNabbr=on	95kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Anita	1977	August 29	September 4	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		926abbr=onNaNabbr=on	150kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Greta–Olivia	1978	September 13	September 23	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		947abbr=onNaNabbr=on	115kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Debby	1988	August 31	September 8	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		987abbr=onNaNabbr=on	65kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Joan–Miriam	1988	October 10	November 2	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		932abbr=onNaNabbr=on	130kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Diana	1990	August 4	August 9	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		980abbr=onNaNabbr=on	85kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Gert	1993	September 14	September 26	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		970abbr=onNaNabbr=on	90kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Cesar–Douglas	1996	July 24	August 6	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		946abbr=onNaNabbr=on	115kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Dolly	1996	August 19	August 25	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		980abbr=onNaNabbr=on	85kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Hermine	2010	September 3	September 9	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		989abbr=onNaNabbr=on	60kn	Pacific→Atlantic
Otto	2016	November 20	November 26	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		975abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Bonnie	2022	July 1	July 9	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		964abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100kn	Atlantic→Pacific
Julia	2022	October 7	October 10	bgcolor=#		bgcolor=#		982abbr=onNaNabbr=on	75kn	Atlantic→Pacific

Other storms

There have also been numerous tropical cyclones that formed in one basin, dissipated, and re-developed in the other, which are not considered an Atlantic-Pacific crossover hurricane by the NHC. In chronological order from earliest to most recent, they are:

• The remnants of Hurricane Janet in 1955 later led to the formation of an unnamed tropical storm in the East Pacific on October 1;^[2] the newly generated tropical cyclone later brought rains to the southwestern United States.^[3]
• In 1960, Hurricane Abby made landfall over Belize, then known as British Honduras, and dissipated a day later while situated over the Mexican state of Tabasco. Its remnants crossed over Mexico into the Pacific Ocean and regenerated into Hurricane Celeste on July 20.^[4]
• In 1969, Hurricane Francelia hit southern Belize, then known as British Honduras, weakening quickly over land and dissipating over Guatemala. The system continued slowly across Central America, crossing into the eastern Pacific Ocean three days after it moved ashore. Its remnants eventually redeveloped into Tropical Storm Glenda off the coast of Mexico.^{[5] [6]}
• Tropical Storm Chloe in 1971 made landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula and dissipated soon after. Its remnants continued into the Eastern Pacific and developed into Hurricane Lily, which made landfall in southwest Mexico.^[7]
• Also in 1971, Tropical Storm Laura made landfall in Belize and dissipated in Guatemala. Its remnants continued into the Eastern Pacific and developed into Tropical Storm Sharon.^[8]
• In 1978, Tropical Storm Bess went southward, affecting Mexico. Its remnants crossed into the Pacific Ocean, where it regenerated into Hurricane Iva.^[9]
• Later in 1978, Hurricane Cora's remnants crossed over Central America into the Pacific Ocean, where it reintensified, becoming Hurricane Kristy.^[9]
• In 1988, Tropical Depression Six degenerated into a tropical wave near the island of Jamaica on August 23.^[10] A day later it moved over Central America with minimal convection and redeveloped into Hurricane Kristy once it reached the eastern Pacific.^[11]
• Later on that same year, Tropical Storm Isaac completely dissipated on October 1 near Windward Islands.^[12] Its remnants moved northwestward and crossed into in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin, where it eventually regenerated as Tropical Depression Twenty-E days later.^[13]
• Hurricane Cosme in 1989 crossed from the Pacific, and its low-level circulation dissipated over northern Mexico. Its remnants merged with another tropical wave and contributed to the development of Tropical Storm Allison in the Atlantic.^[14]
• Operationally, it was considered that Tropical Storm Bret, from 1993, retained its circulation and was designated Tropical Depression Eight-E upon reaching the Pacific, later becoming Hurricane Greg, but post-storm analysis determined that Bret actually dissipated over western Nicaragua, with Greg forming from its remnants several days later.^[15]
• Tropical Depression Nine in 2001 made landfall in Nicaragua and degenerated into a tropical wave. The wave later regenerated into a tropical depression that became Hurricane Juliette.^[16]
• Hurricane Iris's remnants, of 2001, in the Atlantic Ocean triggered the formation of Tropical Storm Manuel in the Pacific.^[17]
• Tropical Storm Earl in 2004 dissipated in the southeast Caribbean Sea, but its remnants regenerated into Hurricane Frank in the East Pacific.^[18]
• Tropical Storm Alma of 2008 formed off of the West Coast of Costa Rica, and made landfall in Nicaragua with sustained wind speeds up to . The low-level circulation center of the storm soon dissipated. A day later, the storm's remnants regenerated just off the coast of Belize into Tropical Storm Arthur, after encountering a pair of two tropical waves, with sustained winds of 75km/h, and made landfall in Belize shortly thereafter. It is not considered as crossover storm, as the original low-level circulation center had dissipated, and since the system also merged with another tropical wave prior to regeneration.^{[19] [20]}
• Hurricane Ernesto of 2012 developed near the Lesser Antilles. The system weakened to a low-pressure area in Mexico, and its remnants moved into the eastern Pacific and developed into Tropical Storm Hector.^{[21] [22]}
• Hurricane Barbara of 2013 made landfall in southwest Mexico and dissipated before reaching the Gulf of Mexico. The remnants of Barbara and a cyclonic gyre led to the formation of a broad area of low pressure, which later became Tropical Storm Andrea over the central Gulf of Mexico.^[23]
• Tropical Storm Trudy of 2014 formed in the eastern Pacific and made landfall in southern Mexico, its remnants emerged into the Bay of Campeche and subsequently developed into Tropical Storm Hanna in the Atlantic.^[24]
• The remnant moisture from Hurricane Earl of 2016 interacted with a disturbance on the Pacific coast of Mexico, which contributed to the formation of Tropical Storm Javier in the eastern Pacific.^[25]
• The remnants of Tropical Storm Bret of 2017 traversed over Central America and emerged into the eastern Pacific, which led to the formation of Hurricane Dora.^[26]
• Also in 2017, Hurricane Franklin made landfall in the Mexican state of Veracruz; its remnants moved across Mexico during the following day and emerged into the eastern Pacific, later developing into Tropical Storm Jova.^[27]
• Later that year, Hurricane Katia made landfall in Mexico and was then downgraded to a remnant low; its remnants crossed into the Pacific Ocean, where it regenerated into Hurricane Otis.^[28]
• Tropical Storm Amanda of 2020 made landfall in southeastern Guatemala, rapidly weakened, and the storm's low-level circulation center dissipated. However, its remnant low-pressure area continued northward and eventually regenerated into Tropical Storm Cristobal in the Bay of Campeche.^{[29] [30]}
• Hurricane Nana of 2020 made landfall in Belize, weakened, and the storm's low-level circulation center dissipated over Guatemala. After its mid-level circulation emerged into the Pacific, contrary to expectations, it developed a new surface low and regenerated into Tropical Storm Julio.^{[31] [32]}
• Hurricane Grace in 2021 made landfall in Mexico as a strong Category 3 hurricane, and the system's low-level circulation center soon dissipated. Its mid-level remnants emerged into the Eastern Pacific and redeveloped into Tropical Storm Marty.^{[33] [34]}
• Hurricane Agatha of 2022 made landfall in Oaxaca then degenerated into a remnant low which dissipated inland, near the northern coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The remnant low was absorbed into the disorganized disturbance complex that eventually became Tropical Storm Alex.^[35]
• Hurricane Julia of 2022, itself a crossover system, made landfall in El Salvador and degraded to a remnant low over Guatemala. Its broad low-level circulation partially contributed to the formation of Tropical Storm Karl over the Gulf of Mexico.^[36]
• In 2023, the remnants of Tropical Depression Twenty-One crossed over Central America from the Atlantic and contributed to the formation of Tropical Storm Pilar in the Eastern Pacific.^[37]

Naming conventions

See main article: History of tropical cyclone naming. Prior to 2000, storms were renamed after crossing from the Atlantic into the Eastern Pacific. At the 22nd hurricane committee in 2000 it was decided that tropical cyclones that moved from the Atlantic to the Eastern Pacific basin and vice versa would no longer be renamed.^[38] Hurricane Otto in 2016 was the first storm to cross from one basin to another to apply under this rule.

See also

• Pacific hurricane season
• Atlantic hurricane season

Notes and References

1. Tropical Cyclones in the Northeast Pacific, Between Hawaii and Mexico. Stephen S. Visher. Monthly Weather Review. 6. 50. 295–97. 2009-06-12. 10.1175/1520-0493(1922)50<295:TCITNP>2.0.CO;2. 1922. 1922MWRv...50..295V . free.
2. Web site: Bulletins and Advisories Issued by Weather Bureau Airport Station, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Weather Bureau Office, Miami, Florida, and Weather Bureau Office, New Orleans, Louisiana on Hurricane "Janet". United States Weather Bureau. April 28, 2013. United States Department of Commerce. 1955.
3. The Effects of Tropical Cyclones on the Southwestern United States. NOAA Technical Memorandum. August 1986. July 1, 2013. National Weather Service Western Region.
4. Web site: The Hurricane Season of 1960 . Dunn . Gordon . March 1961 . . 29 March 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110525183031/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1960.pdf . 25 May 2011 .
5. Web site: National Hurricane Center. Hurricane Research Division. Central Pacific Hurricane Center. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. 2013-04-05. 2013-12-23. The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949-2012. TXT.
6. Web site: National Hurricane Center. 1969-09-04. Tropical Cyclone Discussion: Hurricane Francelia. 2010-10-28. JPG.
7. R. H. Simpson. John R. Hope. Monthly Weather Review. Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1971. 100. 4 . 256–267. 10.1175/1520-0493(1972)100<0256:AHSO>2.3.CO;2. 1972MWRv..100..256S . 27 January 2007 . April 1972. 119771736 .
8. Web site: Stephen. Caparotta. Walston. D. Young. Steven. Padgett. Gary. Delgado. Sandy. What tropical storms and hurricanes have moved from the Atlantic to the Northeast Pacific or vice versa?. NOAA. NOAA. March 29, 2016.
9. Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1978. Neil L. Frank and Gilbert B. Clark. August 1979. National Hurricane Center. 107 . 8 . 1035–1041 . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 3, 2014. Miami, Florida. 10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1035:ATSO>2.0.CO;2 . free.
10. News: August 23, 1988, Tuesday, AM cycle . Domestic News . United Press International . August 23, 1988.
11. Web site: Hurricane Kristy Preliminary Report . 1 . November 26, 2007 . 1988 . GIF . National Hurricane Center . https://web.archive.org/web/20121020105013/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1988-prelim/kristy/prelim01.gif . October 20, 2012 . live .
12. Web site: Tropical Storm Isaac Preliminary Report . 1 . October 21, 2007 . 1988 . GIF . National Hurricane Center. https://web.archive.org/web/20071026210738/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1988-prelim/isaac/prelim01.gif. October 26, 2007 . live.
13. Web site: Tropical Depression Twenty-E Discussion for 0300 UTC . October 21, 2007 . October 11, 1988 . GIF . National Hurricane Center. https://web.archive.org/web/20071026210718/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1988/td20e/tropdisc/tcd1103z.gif. October 26, 2007 . live.
14. Web site: Tropical Storm Allison Preliminary Report, Page 1. Case. Robert. 16 August 1989. National Hurricane Center. 24 March 2011.
15. Web site: Hurricane Greg Preliminary Report. Pasch. Richard. November 28, 1993. National Hurricane Center. August 11, 2015.
16. Web site: Miles B. Lawrence and Michelle M. Mainelli . National Hurricane Center . November 30, 2001 . June 28, 2009 . Hurricane Juliette Tropical Cyclone Report . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081006122021/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2001juliette.html . October 6, 2008 .
17. Web site: James L. Franklin. 2001-10-31. Tropical Storm Manuel Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. 2008-10-20.
18. Tropical Depression Eight-E Discussion Number 1. Miles B. Lawrence. National Hurricane Center. August 23, 2004. January 13, 2012.
19. Web site: Eric Blake. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL012008_Arthur}} Tropical Storm Arthur: Tropical Cyclone Report]. 2008. National Hurricane Center. 2008-07-29. PDF.
20. Web site: Avila/Rhome. 2008. Tropical Storm Arthur Special Discussion One. National Hurricane Center. 2008-05-31.
21. Avila. Lixion. August 10, 2012. Tropical Weather Outlook. National Hurricane Center. August 10, 2012.
22. Web site: Tropical Depression Eight-E Public Advisory Number 1. Lixion Avila. National Hurricane Center. August 11, 2012. August 11, 2012.
23. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL012013_Andrea}} Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Andrea]. John L. Beven II. August 22, 2013. National Hurricane Center. September 7, 2013. Miami, Florida.
24. [{{NHC TCR url|id=EP202014_Trudy}} Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Trudy]. Daniel P. Brown. December 2, 2014. National Hurricane Center. July 19, 2021. Miami, Florida.
25. Web site: Daniel P. Brown. Tropical Weather Outlook. National Hurricane Center. August 2, 2016. August 8, 2016.
26. Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dora. Robbie J. Berg. November 20, 2017. National Hurricane Center. November 22, 2017. Miami, Florida.
27. Web site: Tropical Storm Jova Discussion Number 1. August 12, 2017. National Hurricane Center. Eric Blake. August 12, 2017.
28. Tropical Depression Thirteen Discussion Number 1. Eric S. Blake. September 5, 2017. National Hurricane Center. February 22, 2018.
29. Berg . Robbie . [{{NHC TCR url|id=EP022020_Amanda}} Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Amanda ]. National Hurricane Center . September 10, 2020. December 27, 2020.
30. Berg . Robbie . [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL032020_Cristobal}} Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Cristobal ]. National Hurricane Center . January 13, 2021. January 20, 2021.
31. Daniel P. Brown. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL162020_Nana}} Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Nana]. National Hurricane Center. December 7, 2020. December 8, 2020.
32. Daniel P. Brown. [{{NHC TCR url|id=EP152020_Julio}} Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Julio]. National Hurricane Center. January 21, 2021. March 9, 2021.
33. Web site: Richard Pasch. Remnants Of Grace Discussion Number 34. National Hurricane Center. August 21, 2021. August 23, 2021.
34. Web site: Daniel P. Brown. Tropical Storm Marty Discussion Number 1. National Hurricane Center. August 23, 2021. August 23, 2021.
35. Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Agatha. Beven. John. December 6, 2022. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. December 7, 2022.
36. Berg . Robbie . January 31, 2023 . Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Karl . July 20, 2023 . National Hurricane Center . Miami, Florida.
37. Bucci. Lisa. Zelensky. Rachel. Tropical Weather Outlook. October 25, 2023. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. October 30, 2023.
38. RA IV Hurricane Committee 24th Session . Final Report . 2000 . May 19, 2003 . RA IV Hurricane Committee . https://web.archive.org/web/20030519153637/http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/TCP/Reports/FINAL%20REP-2000-HC-22.pdf . 5 . April 17, 2015 . dead .