List of American women's firsts explained

This is a list of American women's firsts, noting the first time that an American woman or women achieved a given historical feat. Inclusion on the list is reserved for achievements by American women that have significant historical impact.

17th century

• 1635
  • Anne Hutchinson was the first American woman to start a Protestant sect.^[1]
• 1640
  • Anne Bradstreet was the first published poet in the British North American colonies.^[2]
• 1647
  • Margaret Brent was the first American woman to demand the right to vote.^{[3] [4]}
• 1649
  • Sarah White Norman and Mary Vincent Hammon were charged with "lewd behavior upon a bed." They are the first American women convicted of lesbian activity.^[5]

18th century

• 1700s
  • Henrietta Johnston was the first known female portrait painter in the American colonies as well as the first woman pastelist.^[6]
• 1739
  • Elizabeth Timothy was the first woman to print a formal newspaper as well as the first female franchise holder in the colonies.
• 1750
  • Jane Colden was the first woman botanist in America.^[7]
• 1756
  • Lydia Taft was the first woman known to vote legally in Colonial America after her husband died and son left her; she was granted permission to vote through a Massachusetts town meeting.^[8]
• 1762
  • Ann Smith Franklin was the first female newspaper editor in America.^[9]
• 1776
  • Margaret Corbin was the first woman to assume the role of soldier in the American Revolutionary War and receive a pension for it.^[10]
• 1784
  • Hannah Adams was the first American woman to become a professional writer.^[1]
  • Hannah Slater was the first American woman granted a patent.^[11]

19th century

1800s

• 1808
  • Jane Aitken was the first American woman to print the Bible in English.^[12]

1810s

• 1812
  • Lucy Brewer was one of the first American women to join the United States Marine Corps.^[13]

1820s

• 1828
  • Sarah Hale was the first American woman to become editor of a major women's magazine (Godey's Lady's Book).^[14]

1830s

• 1835
  • Harriot Kezia Hunt was one of the first American women to practice medicine professionally, and "clearly the first to achieve a marked success".^{[1] [15]}

1840s

• 1840
  • Dorothy Catherine Draper was the first woman to be photographed.^[16]
• 1846
  • Sarah Bagley was the first woman in America to become a telegraph operator.^{[15] [17]}
  • Frances Whitcher was the first significant female comic protagonist in America, and the "first best-selling woman humorist".^{[18] [19]}
• 1848
  • Maria Mitchell was the first female astronomer in the United States as well as the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[20]
• 1849
  • Elizabeth Blackwell, born in England, was the first woman to earn a medical degree in America.^[21]

1850s

• 1850
  • Harriet Tubman was the first American woman to run an underground railroad to help slaves escape. Some scholars label her the "Queen of the Underground Railroad".^[22]
• 1853
  • Antoinette Brown Blackwell was the first woman ordained as a minister in America; she was ordained by the Congregational Church.^[23]
• 1855
  • Anne McDowell was the first American woman to publish a newspaper completely run by women; it was circulated weekly and titled, "Women's Advocate".^{[24] [25]}
  • Emeline Roberts Jones was the first woman to practice dentistry in the United States.^[26] She married the dentist Daniel Jones when she was a teenager, and became his assistant in 1855.^[27]

1860s

• 1865
  • Mary Surratt was the first woman executed by the federal government of the United States; she was hanged for conspiring with John Wilkes Booth in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.^[28]
• 1866
  • Mary Walker was the first woman in America to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor.^[29]
• 1866
  • Lucy Hobbs Taylor was the first woman in America to graduate from a dental school (Ohio College of Dental Surgery).^[30]
• 1869
  • Arabella Mansfield was the first American woman to become a professional lawyer; she was admitted to the Iowa bar.^[31]

1870s

• 1870
  • Louisa Swain was the first woman in the United States to vote in a general election, after the women of New Jersey lost the right to vote in 1807; she cast her ballot on September 6, 1870, in Laramie, Wyoming.^{[32] [33]}
• 1870
  • Esther Hobart Morris was the first woman in America to serve as Justice of the peace.^[34]
• 1870
  • Ada Kepley was the first woman to graduate from law school in America (Northwestern University School of Law).^[35]
• 1871
  • Frances Willard was the first American woman college president. She also presided over the Women's Christian Temperance Union^[36]
• 1872
  • Victoria Woodhull was the first woman to run for President of the United States.^[37]
• 1873
  • Ellen Swallow Richards was one of first American women to become a professional chemist and first to earn a degree in Chemistry; she was the first woman to graduate from school of science or technology in America (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).^[38]
• 1876
  • Louise Blanchard Bethune was the first American woman to become a professional architect.^[39]
• 1877
  • Helen Magill White was the first woman in America to earn the Ph.D. degree (in Greek).^[15]
• 1878
  • Emma Abbott was the first American woman to form her own opera company.^[25]

1880s

• 1880
  • Belva Ann Lockwood was the first woman to argue a case before the Supreme Court of the United States.^[40]
  • Mary Myers, a balloonist, who was the first woman to fly solo - done 4 July 1880 at Little Falls, New York.
• 1881
  • Emma Amelia Hall became the first woman to head a state institution in Michigan when she was appointed as the first superintendent of Michigan's Girls Training School, Adrian, Michigan.^[41]
• 1887
  • Susanna M. Salter was elected mayor of Argonia, Kansas, becoming the first woman mayor in the United States.^{[42] [43]}
  • Phoebe Couzins was the first American woman to serve as a United States Marshal.^[44]

1890s

• 1890
  • Amanda Theodosia Jones established the first all-women's company, called Women's Canning and Preserving Company
• 1891
  • Marie Owens, born in Canada, was hired as America's first female police officer, joining the Chicago Police Department.^[45]
  • Irene Williams Coit, was the first woman passing the Yale College entrance examination.^[46]
• 1892
  • Wilhelmina Weber Furlong was the first American woman Modernist studio painter from the early American Modernism scene in Manhattan, New York^[47]
• 1893
  • Florence Kelley was the first woman to hold statewide office when Governor John Peter Altgeld appointed her Chief Factory Inspector for the state of Illinois.^[48]
• 1896
  • May Irwin was the first actress in America to kiss on screen, which she did in the film The Kiss.^[49]
• 1899
  • Eleonora de Cisneros was the first American trained opera singer the Metropolitan Opera company hired.^[50]

20th century

1900s

• 1900
  • Margaret Abbott was the first American woman to win an Olympic event (women's golf tournament at the 1900 Paris Games); she was the first American woman, and the second woman overall to do it.^[51]
  • Carro Clark was the first American woman to establish, own and manage a book publishing firm (The C. M. Clark Company opened in Boston).^[52]
• 1905
  • May Sutton was the first American woman to win Wimbledon.^[53]
• 1907
  • Dorothy Tyler was the first known American woman jockey.^[54]
• 1908
  • Lola Baldwin was the first known woman performing duties as police officer in the United States; she worked at Portland Police Bureau until 1922.
  • The first Mother's Day was observed; Anna Jarvis is noted as the driving force for recognition of this holiday.^[55]
  • The first U.S. Navy nurses, known as the Sacred Twenty, were appointed; they were all women, and were the first women to formally serve in the U.S. Navy.^[56]
  • Poet Julia Ward Howe was the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters.^[57]
• 1909
  • Carolyn B. Shelton became the first woman to serve as acting governor of a U.S. state; she performed the duties as governor of Oregon just over the weekend in absence of both outgoing and incoming full-time governor.^[58]

1910s

• 1910
  • Alice Stebbins Wells was the first American-born woman sworn in as a police officer, which she did at Los Angeles Police Department.^[59]
  • Florence Lawrence was America's first movie star.^[60]
• 1911
  • Harriet Quimby was the first woman licensed as an airplane pilot in America.^[61]
  • Clara Elizabeth Chan Lee was the first Chinese American woman to register to vote in the United States; she registered to vote on November 8, 1911, in California following the passage of 1911 California Proposition 4, nine years before the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
• 1912
  • Girl Guides of America (now Girl Scouts of the USA) was established as the first voluntary organization for girls.^[1]
• 1914
  • Caresse Crosby was the first woman to patent a brassiere.^[62]
• 1916
  • Margaret Sanger opened the first birth control clinic in the United States.^{[63] [64]}
  • November 7 - Jeannette Rankin became the first woman elected to a national office; she represented Montana as the first woman in the U.S. House of Representatives or either chamber of U.S. Congress.^[65]
• 1917
  • Loretta Perfectus Walsh was the first woman to enlist in the U.S. Navy.^[66]
• 1918
  • Annette Abbott Adams was the first woman to serve as Assistant Attorney General, "...the highest judicial position any woman in the world had ever held".^[67]
  • Opha May Johnson was the first woman to enlist in the United States Marines.^[68]
  • Myrtle Hazard was the first uniformed woman to serve in the United States Coast Guard.^{[69] [70]}
  • Sara Teasdale was the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (for her collection Love Songs)^[71]

1920s

• 1920
  • Marie Luhring was the first woman in America to become an automotive engineer.^[72]
• 1921
  • Edith Wharton was the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (for her novel The Age of Innocence).^[73]
  • Margaret Gorman was the first winner of Miss America beauty pageant.^{[74] [75]}
  • June 20 - Alice Mary Robertson became the first woman to preside over the U.S. House of Representatives or either chamber of U.S. Congress; however, she was opposed to women's suffrage.^[67]
  • Zona Gale was the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama (for her play Miss Lulu Bett)^[76]
• 1922
  • November 21 - Rebecca Latimer Felton became the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate; she appointed by the state governor to represent Georgia, although she served for only one day.^[65]
• 1923
  • Florence King became the first woman to win a case before the U.S. Supreme Court (Crown v. Nye).^[77]
• 1923
  • Ella Lillian Wall Van Leer became the first woman to serve in an office of the American Legion and would later successfully advocate for women to be admitted into Georgia Tech.^{[78] [79]}
• 1924
  • Florence Bolan became the first unofficial U.S. Secret Service special agent.^{[80] [81]}
  • Juliana R. Force was the first woman to present folk art in an official public showing exhibition in America.
• 1925
  • Nellie Tayloe Ross became the first woman elected governor of a U.S. state; she nominated for the unexpired term as governor of Wyoming upon the death of her husband.^[74]
  • An All-Woman Supreme Court in Texas, the first woman-majority state Supreme Court in U.S. history, sits for a five-month special sitting on a single case, disbanding shortly afterward.
• 1926
  • Gertrude Ederle was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.^[82]
• 1928
  • Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic ocean.^[83]
  • Genevieve R. Cline was the first woman appointed as a United States federal judge.^[84]

1930s

• 1930
  • Ellen Church was the first female flight attendant in America; she suggested the idea of female nurses on board to Boeing Air Transport, claiming that if people felt safer they would fly more.^[85]
• 1931
  • Jane Addams was the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize; she shared the prize with Nicholas Murray Butler.^{[86] [87]}
• 1932
  • Hattie Caraway was the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate.^[88]
• 1933
  • Ruth Bryan Owen became the first woman ever to serve as a chief of mission at the minister rank, and as such the first woman to serve as minister to Denmark and Iceland; she served under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.^[89]
  • Frances Perkins became the first woman ever to serve in a presidential cabinet, and as such the first woman to serve as Secretary of Labor; she served under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.^{[90] [91] [92]}
• 1934
  • Gertrude Atherton was the first woman to be president of the (American) National Academy of Literature.^[93]
  • Lettie Pate Whitehead was the first woman to serve as a director of a major corporation (The Coca-Cola Company).
• 1935
  • Kate Galt Zaneis was the first woman to lead a state college or university in the United States when she became president of Southeastern Oklahoma State Teachers College.^[94]
• 1937
  • Grace Hudowalski was the ninth person and first woman to climb all 46 of the Adirondack High Peaks.^{[95] [96] [97]}
• 1938
  • Pearl S. Buck was the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.^[98]
• 1939
  • Molly Kool was North America's first registered female sea captain or ship master.^[99]

1940s

• 1940s
  • Lois Fegan Farrell was the first female reporter to cover a professional hockey team in America.^[100]
• 1942
  • Anna Leah Fox was the first woman to receive the Purple Heart, which she received for being wounded in the attack on Pearl Harbor.^[101]
  • Mildred H. McAfee was the first woman commissioned in the U.S. Naval Reserve and the first woman to receive the Navy Distinguished Service Medal^[102]
• 1943
  • Nellie Neilson was the first woman to serve as president of the American Historical Association.^[103]
  • Edith Ellen Greenwood was the first woman to receive the Soldier's Medal.
• 1944
  • Cordelia E Cook was the first woman to receive both the Bronze Star Medal and the Purple Heart.
  • Ann Baumgartner was the first woman to fly a jet aircraft, the Bell YP-59A on October 14, 1944.^[104]
• 1946
  • Frances Xavier Cabrini was the first American canonized by the Roman Catholic church as a saint.^[105]
• 1947
  • Gerty Cori was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; she shared the prize with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Bernardo Alberto Houssay.^{[106] [107]} Although born in Prague, Gerty Cori is considered the first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in medicine.^[108] She had become a U.S. citizen in 1928.^[109]
• 1948
  • Esther McGowin Blake was the first woman in the U.S. Air Force. She enlisted in the first minute of the first hour of the first day regular Air Force duty was authorized for women on July 8, 1948.^[110]
• 1949
  • Georgia Neese Clark Gray was the first woman Treasurer of the United States; she served under President Harry Truman.^[111]
  • Eugenie Anderson became the first woman ever to serve as a chief of mission at the ambassador rank, and as such the first woman to serve as United States Ambassador to Denmark; she served under President Harry S. Truman.
  • Shirley Dinsdale was the first recipient of the Emmy Award.^[112]
  • Sara Christian was the first woman to compete in a major-league stock car race, competing in NASCAR's inaugural Strictly Stock (now NASCAR Cup Series) event.^[113]

1950s

• 1950
  • On May 12, Emma Bailey held an auction in Brattleboro, Vermont, becoming the first American woman auctioneer.^[114]
• 1951
  • Maryly Van Leer Peck became Vanderbilt University's first chemical engineer graduate. Peck also became the first woman to receive an M.S. and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Florida. Later she became the first female member of Tau Beta Pi, the oldest engineering honor society. Peck later became the first woman to be named president of any of Florida's community colleges.^{[115] [116]}
• 1951
  • December 16: Anna Der-Vartanian became the U.S. Navy's first female master chief petty officer; this made her the first female master chief in the Navy, as well as the first female E-9 in the entire U.S. Armed Services. She received a personal letter from then-President Dwight D. Eisenhower congratulating her on her accomplishment.^[117]
• 1951
  • Paula Ackerman was the first woman in America to perform rabbinical functions.^[118]
  • Arie Taylor became the first black person to become a U.S. Women's Air Force classroom instructor.^[119]
  • Helen E. Myers of Lancaster, Pa., a 1941 graduate of Temple University, was commissioned as the U.S. Army Dental Corps' first woman dental officer.^[120]
• 1953
  • Fae Adams was the first female to receive regular commission as a doctor in the United States Army.^[121]
  • Oveta Culp Hobby became the first woman to serve as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare; she served under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.^[122]
  • Toni Stone, also known by her married name Marcenia Lyle Alberga, was the first of three women to play Negro league baseball, and thus the first woman to play as a regular on an American big-league professional baseball team.^{[123] [124]}
  • Ruby Bradley, upon leaving Korea, was given a full-dress honor guard ceremony, the first woman ever to receive a national or international guard salute.^[125]
• 1954
  • Jewel Prestage, first African-American woman to complete a doctorate in political science in the United States.^[126]
• 1955
  • Betty Robbins, born in Greece, was the first female cantor (hazzan) in the 5,000-year-old history of Judaism.^[127] She was appointed cantor of the reform^[128] Temple Avodah in Oceanside, New York, in 1955,^[129] when she was 31 and the Temple was without a cantor for the High Holidays.^{[130] [131]}
  • Clotilde Dent Bowen became the U.S. Army's first black female physician to attain the rank of colonel.^[119]
• 1956
  • Tenley Albright was the first woman in America to win the Olympic gold medal in figure skating.^[132]
• 1957
  • Decoy: Police Woman was the first television show to feature a female police officer, and in fact the first built around a female protagonist.^[133]
• 1959
  • Arlene Pieper became the first woman to officially finish a marathon in the United States when she finished the Pikes Peak Marathon in Manitou Springs, Colorado, in 1959.^{[134] [135]}

1960s

• • Wilma L. Vaught became the first woman to deploy with a Strategic Air Command operational unit.^[136]
• 1960
  • Master Gunnery Sergeant Geraldine M. Moran became the first female Marine promoted to E-9.^[137]
• 1961
  • The first female U.S. Marine to be promoted to Sergeant Major (Bertha Peters Billeb).^{[137] [138]}
  • Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy began her role as the first Catholic First Lady of the United States.
• 1962
  • Pearl Faurie became the first SPAR in the U.S. Coast Guard advanced to E-9.
  • Judy Garland became the first woman to win Album of the Year at the Grammy Awards, winning for Judy at Carnegie Hall. She was also the first woman to win the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award.^[139]
• 1963
  • Maria Goeppert Mayer was the first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics; she shared the prize with Eugene Paul Wigner and J. Hans D. Jensen.^{[140] [141]} She was born in Poland, but became a U.S. citizen in 1933.^{[141] [142]}
  • Sarah T. Hughes was the first and only woman to swear in the President of the United States
• 1964
  • Jerrie Mock was the first woman to fly solo around the world, which she did in a Cessna 180.^{[143] [144]} The trip ended April 17, 1964, in Columbus, Ohio,^[145] and took 29 days, 21 stopovers and almost 22,860 miles.^[146]
  • Carol Doda was the first woman in America to perform as a topless entertainer.
  • Isabel Benham was the first female partner in R.W. Pressprich & Co.'s 55-year history, which also made her the first female partner at any Wall Street bond house.^{[147] [148]}
• 1964
  • Alice K. Kurashige became the first Japanese-American woman commissioned in the United States Marine Corps.^{[149] [150] [151]}
• 1965
  • Rachel Henderlite was the first woman ordained in the Presbyterian Church in the United States; she was ordained by the Hanover Presbytery in Virginia.^{[152] [153]}
• 1966
  • Roberta Louise "Bobbi" Gibb was the first woman to run the entire Boston Marathon.^[154]
• 1967
  • Victorine du Pont Homsey was the first woman elected as a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects.^[155]
  • Kathrine Switzer was the first woman to run the Boston Marathon as a numbered entry.^[156]
  • Muriel Siebert was the first female member of the New York Stock Exchange.^[157]
• 1969
  • Carol Doda was the first woman in America to perform as a bottomless entertainer.^[158]

1970s

• 1970
  • Diane Crump was the first woman in America to ride in the Kentucky Derby, she placed fifteenth.^[159]
  • Patricia Palinkas was the first woman to play professionally in an American football game.^[160]
• 1972
  • Alene Duerk becomes the first woman to obtain the rank of rear admiral in the U.S. Navy.^[161]
  • Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington were the first women in the United States promoted to brigadier general.^[162]
  • Sally Priesand was ordained on June 3, 1972, by the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion's president Rabbi Alfred Gottschalk at Plum Street Temple in Cincinnati,^[163] making her the first woman ordained as a rabbi in the United States, and only the second woman ever formally ordained in the history of Judaism.^[164]
  • Katharine Graham was the first female Fortune 500 CEO, as CEO of the Washington Post company.^[165]
  • Tonie Nathan was the first woman in America to receive an electoral vote for vice president in a presidential election.^[166]
• 1973
  • Shirley Muldowney was the first woman to receive a NHRA license to drive Top Fuel dragsters, the highest level of the drag racing sport.^[167]
• 1974
  • Jeannette Piccard was the first female balloon pilot licensed in the United States; she was also the first woman to ascend to the stratosphere.^[168]
  • Ella T. Grasso was the first woman elected a U.S. governor who was not the wife or widow of a governor. She was elected governor of Connecticut.^[169]
• 1975
  • Barbara Ostfeld-Horowitz was the first female cantor ordained in Reform Judaism, in 1975.^[170]
  • Carla Anderson Hills became the first woman to serve as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; she served under President Gerald Ford.^{[171] [172]}
  • Alice Rivlin became founder and the first woman to serve as Director of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO).^[173]
• 1976
  • Shirley Black, aka Shirley Temple, was the first woman to be chief of protocol, which she was for President Gerald Ford.^[174]
  • Lucy Giovinco was the first female in America to win the AMF Bowling World Cup.^[175]
  • Women first began to attend the U.S. service academies.^[176]
  • Shirley Muldowney was the first woman to win a NHRA national event.^[167]
  • Emily Howell Warner was the first woman to become an American airline captain.^{[177] [178]}
• 1977
  • Janet Guthrie was the first woman to compete in the Daytona 500 and the first woman to lead a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race.
  • Janet Guthrie was the first woman to compete in the Indianapolis 500,^[179] event.^[180]
  • Shirley Muldowney was the first woman to win a NHRA championship, in the Top Fuel category.^[167]
  • Barbara McClintock was the first woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and since she was American, she was the first American woman to do so.^[181]
  • Juanita M. Kreps became the first woman to serve as Secretary of Commerce; she served under President Jimmy Carter.^[182]
• 1978
  • January 25 - Muriel Humphrey Brown was the first and only former Second Lady of the United States to serve in the U.S. Congress; she appointed by the state governor to represent Minnesota in the U.S. Senate to succeed her late husband, making her the first woman to hold that office.^[183]
  • Marcia Frederick, at the age of fifteen, was the first woman in America to win World gold in gymnastics.^[184]
  • Mary E. Clarke was the first woman to achieve the rank of major general in the United States Army.^[185]
  • Nancy Teeters became the first woman to serve on the Federal Reserve Board of Governors.^[186]
• 1979
  • Susan B. Anthony was the first woman in America depicted on a coin.^[187]
  • August 3 - Patricia Roberts Harris became the first woman and first person of color to serve multiple posts in a presidential cabinet; she appointed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and Secretary of Health and Human Services serving under President Jimmy Carter.^[188]
  • November 30 - Shirley Hufstedler became the first woman to serve as Secretary of Education; she served under President Jimmy Carter.

1980s

• 1981

• • Sandra Day O'Connor became the first woman to serve as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and as such the first woman ever to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court.^[189]
• 1982
  • Karen N. Horn became the first woman ever to serve as president of any of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks, and as such the first woman to serve as president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.^[190]
  • Leah Lowenstein was the first woman dean of a co-educational medical school in the United States.^[191]
• 1983
  • Elizabeth Dole became the first woman to serve as Secretary of Transportation; she served under President Ronald Reagan.
  • Sally Ride was the first American woman in space.^[192]
  • Vanessa L. Williams was the first African-American winner of the Miss America pageant (Miss America 1984).^[193]
  • Linda Foust was the first woman to drive in the U.S. Presidential motorcade as an Army non-commissioned officer.^[194]
• 1984
  • Velma Barfield became the first woman in the United States to be executed after the 1976 resumption of capital punishment^[195] and the first since 1962.^[196] and the first woman executed by lethal injection.
  • Geraldine Ferraro was the first woman in America to run for vice president on a major-party platform.^[197]
  • Joan Benoit won the first women's Olympic marathon.^[198]
  • Kathryn D. Sullivan was the first American woman to conduct a spacewalk.^[199]
• 1985
  • Penny Harrington was appointed as Chief of Police in Portland, Oregon, making her the first woman to lead a major-city police department.^[200]
  • Libby Riddles was the first woman to win the Iditarod.^[201]
• 1986
  • Ann Bancroft was the first woman to reach the North Pole by foot and dogsled, "...she became the first known woman to cross the ice to the North Pole."^[202]
  • Nancy Lieberman joined the United States Basketball League (USBL), thus becoming the first woman to play in a men's professional basketball league.^[203]
• 1987
  • Aretha Franklin was the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.^[204]
• 1988
  • Dr. Lenora Fulani was the first female (and first African-American) presidential candidate to secure ballot access in all 50 states;^[205] she also secured the most votes ever gained by a female candidate in a presidential election until 2012.^[206]
  • Shawna Robinson was the first woman to win a NASCAR-sanctioned stock car race, winning in the Charlotte/Daytona Dash Series at New Asheville Speedway.^[207]

1990s

• 1990
  • Jennifer York was the first woman to form a Christian rock band and the first such band that was all-female, Rachel Rachel.^[208]
• 1991
  • Geraldine Morrow was the first female president of the American Dental Association.^[209]
  • Minnesota's Supreme Court became the first woman-majority state supreme court that was appointed and sat for a regular session.
• 1992
  • Manon Rhéaume was the first woman to play in a National Hockey League game; although she was Canadian, "She played goalie for the Tampa Bay Lightning..."^[210]
  • Mona Van Duyn was the first woman named US poet laureate.^[211]
• 1993
  • Hazel R. O'Leary became the first woman to serve as Secretary of Energy; she served under President Bill Clinton.
  • Halli Reid was the first woman to swim across Lake Erie, swimming from Long Point, Ontario, to North East, Pennsylvania, in 17 hours.^{[212] [213] [214]}
  • Janet Reno became the first woman to serve as Attorney General; she served under President Bill Clinton.^[215]
  • Sheila Widnall became the first woman ever to serve as leader of a branch of the United States Armed Forces, and as such the first woman to serve as Secretary of the Air Force; she served under President Bill Clinton.
• 1994
  • Beverly Harvard became first black female police chief of a major city (Atlanta, Georgia) in the United States.^[216]
  • Judith Rodin was the first permanent female president of an Ivy League University (specifically, the University of Pennsylvania.)^[217]
  • Alice Rivlin became the first woman to serve as Director of the Office of Management and Budget; she served under President Bill Clinton.^[173]
• 1995
  • Eileen Collins was the female pilot for the Space Shuttle (on STS-63). (see 1999—first female Shuttle commander)
  • Roberta Cooper Ramo was the first female President of the American Bar Association.^[218]
• 1996
  • Alice Rivlin became the first woman to serve as Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve.^[173]
• 1997
  • Madeleine Albright, born in Prague, became the first woman to serve as Secretary of State; she served under President Bill Clinton.^[219]
  • Liz Heaston was the first woman to play and score in a college football game, kicking two extra points in the 1997 Linfield vs. Willamette football game.^[220]
  • Nancy Dickey was the first female president of the American Medical Association.^[221]
  • Hazel J. Harper was the first female president of the National Dental Association.^{[222] [223]}
  • Janet Rosenberg Jagan was the first American woman elected as a head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of a nation's armed forces, taking the role of the President of the Co‑operative Republic of Guyana.^[224]
• 1998
  • Julie Taymor was the first woman to win a Tony award for best director of a musical.^{[225] [226]}
  • Fannie Gaston-Johansson was the first African American woman tenured full professor at Johns Hopkins University.^[227]
• 1999
  • Eileen Collins was the first female commander of a Space Shuttle mission (on STS-93). (see 1995—first female Shuttle pilot)
  • Carly Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Fortune 50 company (Hewlett-Packard)^[228] Carly Fiorina became the first female CEO of a Fortune 20 company.

21st century

2000s

• 2000
  • Spring - Kathleen A. McGrath became the first woman to command a U.S. Navy warship at sea.^[229]
  • June 1 - Deborah Walsh became the first woman in the U.S. Coast Guard promoted to Chief Warrant officer in Aviation Engineering (AVI).^[230]
  • July 1 - Regina Mills became the U.S. Navy's first female Aviation Deck LDO.^[231]
  • July - Lucille "Pam" Thompson became the first African-American woman to serve as a U.S. Coast Guard Special Agent; she served in this capacity until July 2004
  • Fall - General Janet E. A. Hicks was promoted to Brigadier General, becoming the first female one-star general who would later be promoted to Major General in 2002, also becoming the first two-star mother and the first female Commanding General of Ft. Gordon in Augusta, Georgia.
• 2001
  • January 3 - Hillary Clinton was the first and only former First Lady of the United States to serve in the U.S. Congress; she elected to represent New York in the U.S. Senate, making her the first woman to hold that office.
  • January 20 - Ann Veneman became the first woman to serve as Secretary of Agriculture; she served under President George W. Bush.
  • January 31 - Gale Norton became the first woman to serve as Secretary of the Interior; she served under President George W. Bush.
  • Stephanie Ready was the first female coach of a men's professional league team in 2001, as an assistant coach for the now defunct Greenville Groove of the National Basketball Development League (the minor league of the National Basketball Association).^{[232] [233]}
  • Margaret C. Wilmoth, United States Army Reserve, was promoted to Brigadier General, becoming the first nurse and first woman to command a medical brigade as a general officer.^[234]
• 2002
  • January 15 - Nancy Pelosi became the first woman elected House whip, making her the first woman to hold such a position in either chamber of U.S. Congress.^[235]
  • Melanie Wood was the first American woman and the second woman overall named a Putnam Fellow.^[236]
• 2003
  • January 3 - Nancy Pelosi became the first woman elected House floor leader and minority leader, making her the first woman to lead a major political party in either chamber of U.S. Congress.^[237]
• 2005
  • Danica Patrick was the first woman to lead the Indianapolis 500.^[238]
  • Rosa Parks was the first woman to lie in honor in the Capitol.^{[239] [240]}
• 2006
  • Effa Manley was the first woman inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.^[241]
• 2007
  • January 4 - Nancy Pelosi became the first woman elected to serve as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.^[242]
• 2008

• • Hillary Clinton became the first woman to win a major party's presidential nominating contest for the purposes of delegate selection when she won the New Hampshire Democratic primary on January 8.^{[243] [244]}
  • Danica Patrick was the first woman to win an IndyCar Series by winning the 2008 Indy Japan 300.^[245]
  • Sarah Palin was the first female vice presidential nominee of the Republican Party.^[246]
  • Ann E. Dunwoody was the first female four-star general in the U.S. Army.^[247]
  • The New Hampshire Senate became the first state legislative body to hold a majority of female members (13 out of 24).
• 2009
  • January 3 - Jeanne Shaheen became the first woman to hold the offices of U.S. Senator and state Governor, being elected as governor of New Hampshire from 1997 to 2003 and U.S. senator for New Hampshire since 2009.
  • January 21 - Hillary Clinton was the first former First Lady of the United States to serve in a presidential cabinet; she appointed Secretary of State under President Barack Obama.
  • January 21 - Janet Napolitano became the first woman to serve as Secretary of Homeland Security; she served under President Barack Obama.
  • Kathryn Bigelow was the first woman to win the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing, for The Hurt Locker (2008).^[248]
  • Elinor Ostrom was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economics, and since she was American, the first American woman to do so; she shared the prize with Oliver E. Williamson.^[249]
  • Nancy Lieberman became the coach of the Texas Legends in the NBA Development League, an affiliate of the Dallas Mavericks, thus making her the first woman to coach a professional men's basketball team.^[250]
  • Kathleen O'Loughlin was the first female executive director of the American Dental Association.^[251]

2010s

• 2010
  • Nikki Haley was the first female governor of South Carolina and the first person of an ethnic minority to serve as governor of South Carolina.^[252]
  • Kathryn Bigelow was the first woman to win the Academy Award,^[253] the BAFTA Award,^[254] and the Critics' Choice Award for Best Director, all for The Hurt Locker (2008).^[255]
  • Jennifer Gorovitz was the first woman to lead a large Jewish federation in America (specifically, the Jewish Community Federation, based in San Francisco).^[256]
• 2011
  • Angella Reid was the first female White House Chief Usher.^[257]
  • Kamala Harris was the first woman Attorney General of California.
• 2012
  • February 2 - Elizabeth MacDonough was the first female appointed as Parliamentarian of the United States Senate.^[258]
  • Janet Wolfenbarger was the first female four-star general in the U.S. Air Force.^[259]
  • Katy Perry was the first female artist in history to have five consecutive number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 from one album, thus awarding her with the Billboard Spotlight Award.^[260]
  • Shannon Eastin was the first woman to officiate a National Football League game in a pre-season matchup between the Green Bay Packers and the San Diego Chargers.^[261]
  • New Hampshire elects the first all-woman congressional delegation in U.S. history, with U.S. senators Jeanne Shaheen and Kelly Ayotte and U.S. representatives Carol Shea-Porter and Ann McLane Kuster.
• 2013
  • Irina Krush was the first female American to hold the title of Grandmaster.^{[262] [263]}
  • Danica Patrick was the first woman to win a pole in the Daytona 500 and a NASCAR Monster Energy Cup Series race.^[264]
  • Danica Patrick was the first woman to lead the Daytona 500.^[265]
  • Rosie Napravnik rode the filly Unlimited Budget to a 6th place finish in the 2013 Belmont, becoming the first woman to ride all three Triple Crown races in the same year.^[266]
  • Davie Jane Gilmour was the first woman to lead the Board of Directors for Little League.^[267]
  • Ashley Freiberg was the first woman to claim an overall GT3 Cup Challenge victory in North America, winning the Porsche IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge.^[268]
  • UFC 157, which took place in February, featured not only the first women's fight in UFC history but also the first UFC event headlined by two female fighters (Ronda Rousey and Liz Carmouche).^[269]
  • Rabbi Deborah Waxman was elected as the President of the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College. As the President, she is believed to have been the first woman and first lesbian to lead a Jewish congregational union, and the first female rabbi and first lesbian to lead a Jewish seminary; RRC is both a congregational union and a seminary.^{[270] [271] [272]}
  • Julia Morgan was the first woman to receive the American Institute of Architects' Gold Medal, which she received posthumously.^[273]
  • On March 1, 2013, Privateers owner and president Nicole Kirnan served as the team's coach for the first time, making her the first woman to coach a professional hockey team in the United States.^{[274] [275]}
  • Erika Schmidt was the first female director of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis.^[276]
  • Mia Hamm was the first woman inducted into the World Football Hall of Fame in Pachuca, Mexico.^[277]
  • General Motors named Mary Barra as its first female CEO and the first female CEO of a major automaker.^[278]
  • Deborah Rutter was named as the first female president of the Kennedy Center.^[279]
  • Jodi Eller was the first woman to complete the 1,515 mile Florida Circumnavigational Saltwater Paddling Trail.^[280]
  • The American Council of the Blind (ACB) voted unanimously to elect Kim Charlson as its president, making her the first female president of a major national blindness consumer advocacy organization in the United States.^[281]
  • Lauren Silberman was the first woman to try out at an NFL Regional Scouting Combine, and thus the first woman to try out for the NFL (she tried out as a kicker), but she did not succeed.^[282]
  • Vanessa O'Brien became the first woman to climb the highest peak on each continent (The Seven Summits) in the shortest period of time (295 days), resulting in a Guinness World Record.^[283]
• 2014

• • February 3 - Janet Yellen became the first woman to serve as Chair of the Federal Reserve.^[284]
  • The first women competed in ski jumping at the Olympics, including three American women - Lindsey Van, Jessica Jerome and Sarah Hendrickson.^[285]
  • Lauryn Williams was the first American woman to win a medal in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games.^{[286] [287]}
  • Jennifer Welter was the first woman non-kicker or placekick-holder to play in a men's pro football game; she played running back for the Texas Revolution.^[288]
  • Michelle J. Howard began her assignment as the U.S. Navy's first female and first female African-American four-star admiral on July 1, 2014.^{[289] [290]}
  • Michele A. Roberts was elected as the new Executive Director of the National Basketball Players Association, thus making her the first woman elected to the highest position of a major U.S. sport's players association.^[291]
  • During the two-week 2014 NBA Summer League in Las Vegas, Natalie Nakase was an assistant coach for the Clippers, becoming the first woman to sit on the bench as an NBA assistant.^{[292] [293] [294]}
  • Becky Hammon became the first full-time female coach in the NBA - and the first full-time female coach in any of the four major professional sports in America - as an assistant coach for the San Antonio Spurs.^[295]
  • Anne B. France won the inaugural Landmark Award for Outstanding Contributions to NASCAR.^[296]
  • Katie Higgins was the first female pilot to join the Blue Angels, the U.S. Navy's flight demonstration squadron.^[297]
  • Dr. Connie McCaa became the first American woman and the first Mississippi doctor inducted into the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Hall of Fame.^[298]
  • Suzy Whaley became the first female officer in the PGA, as PGA secretary.^[299]
  • Susan Morrison was named as the first female executive pastry chef at the White House.^[300]
  • Megan Smith was named as the first female Chief Technology Officer of the United States.^{[301] [302]}
  • Megan Brennan was named as the first female United States Postmaster General.^[303]
• 2015
  • Jennifer Welter became the first American woman hired to coach in men's pro football when the Texas Revolution of the Champions Indoor Football league announced that Welter was hired to coach linebackers and special teams.^[304]
  • The U.S. Senate confirmed Michelle K. Lee as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).^[305] Lee is the first woman and the first person of color to lead the USPTO.^[305]
  • Yumi Hogan became the first Korean American first lady of a U.S. state and the first Asian-American first lady in the history of Maryland.^[306]
• 2016
  • Taylor Swift became the first woman to win Album of the Year twice.^[307]
  • July 26 - Hillary Clinton was formally nominated at the 2016 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, becoming the first woman nominated for president by a major U.S. political party.^[308]
  • Hillary Clinton became the first woman to win the popular vote in a United States presidential election and one of the two first women to receive an electoral vote for president.^[309]
  • Carla Hayden became the first female Librarian of Congress.^[310]
  • Kellyanne Conway became the first woman to run a successful presidential campaign.^[311]
  • Faith Spotted Eagle became the first Native American and one of the two first women to receive an electoral vote for president, which she received from a faithless elector.^[312]
  • General Lori Robinson became the first female officer to command a major Unified Combatant Command in the history of the US Armed Forces.
  • Adena Friedman became the first female CEO of NASDAQ.
• 2017
  • Peggy Whitson broke the record for most total days spent in space by any NASA astronaut.
  • Danica Patrick became the first woman to lead the Coca-Cola 600.
  • Vanessa O'Brien became the first woman to summit K2, the second tallest mountain, at 28,251 feet.^[313]
• 2018
  • Oprah Winfrey became the first African American woman to receive the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award^[314]
  • Gina Haspel became the first woman to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
  • Stacey Cunningham became the first female President of the New York Stock Exchange.
  • Ellie Morrison became the first woman elected National Commissioner of the Boy Scouts of America; likewise, she became the first woman to hold a position in the BSA's "Key Three", consisting of the National Commissioner, the Chief Scout Executive, and the National Chair.^[315]
  • Carla Provost became the first female chief of the United States Border Patrol on August 9, 2018.^{[316] [317]}
  • Deb Haaland of New Mexico and Sharice Davids of Kansas became the first Native American women to be elected to Congress.
  • Rashida Tlaib of Michigan and Ilhan Omar of Minnesota became the first Muslim women to be elected to Congress.
  • Martha McSally of Arizona became the first female senator who was appointed to Congress after losing an election to a future Senate colleague, and also the first to serve alongside someone who defeated her in the election prior to inauguration.
• 2019
  • January 3 - Nancy Pelosi became the first woman elected to serve as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives for non-consecutive terms.^[318]
  • Ghazala Hashmi became the first Muslim woman elected to the Senate of Virginia.^[319]
  • Carolyn Kindle Betz was among the first female-majority owners (i.e. Major League Soccer investors) to be awarded an MLS franchise,^[320] eventually named St. Louis City SC.

2020s

• 2020

• • January 26 - Billie Eilish became the first woman to win all four General Field categories in one ceremony at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards
  • August 19 - Kamala Harris of California was formally nominated by the 2020 Democratic National Convention as the Democratic candidate for vice president of the United States, becoming the first woman of color, the first African American, the first Asian American, the first person of South Asian descent, the first person of Indian ancestry, and the first person of Jamaican ancestry to be nominated on a major party ticket.^[321]
  • Ruth Bader Ginsburg became the first woman to lie in repose at the Supreme Court Building on September 23 and, the following day, became the first woman to lie in repose there for a second day.^[322]
  • On September 25, Ruth Bader Ginsburg lay in state at the Capitol, becoming the first woman to do so.^{[323] [324]}
  • November 7 - Kamala Harris became the first woman elected as Vice President of the United States.^[325]
  • November 28 - Sarah Fuller became the first woman to play in a Power 5 football game.^[326]
  • December 30 - Becky Hammon became the first female acting head coach in NBA history.^[327]
• 2021
  • January 20 - Kamala Harris inaugurated as the first woman to serve as Vice President of the United States, making her the most powerful woman in America's political history, first in the line of succession to the US Presidency.
  • January 20 - Kamala Harris became the first woman President of the United States Senate in U.S. history.
  • January 20 - Jill Biden became the first non-Catholic First Lady married to a Catholic President.
  • January 21 - Avril Haines became the first woman to serve as Director of National Intelligence; she served under President Joe Biden.^[328]
  • January 26 - Janet Yellen became the first woman to serve as Secretary of the Treasury; she served under President Joe Biden.^[329]
  • November 19 - Kamala Harris became the first woman to serve as Acting President of the United States in American history.
• 2024
  • March 3-5 - Nikki Haley became the first woman to win a Republican presidential nominating contest when she won the District of Columbia primary, and the first to win a Republican state primary when she won Vermont.^{[330] [331]}

See also

• History of the United States
• History of women in the United States
• Timeline of women in the United States
• Timeline of women hazzans in America
• Timeline of women in dentistry in America
• Timeline of women in mathematics in America
• Timeline of women rabbis in America
• Women's education in the United States
• Women's History Sites (U.S. National Park Service)
• Women's suffrage in the United States
• Women in the military by country § United States

Further reading

• Book: Kane. Joseph Nathan. Famous first facts : a record of first happenings, discoveries, and inventions in American history. 1997. H.W. Wilson. New York. 0-8242-0930-3. 6th.
• Book: Kimmel, Elizabeth Cody. Ladies First: 40 Daring American Women who Were Second to None. 2006. National Geographic Books. Washington, D.C.. 9780792253938. 1st..
• Book: Plowden, Martha Ward. Famous Firsts of Black Women. 1933. Pelican Publishing. 9781455604098.
• Book: Stern, Madeleine B.. We the women : career firsts of nineteenth-century America. registration. 1994. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln. 9780803292239. 1. print..

External links

• History of American Women

Notes and References

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2. Web site: Female Firsts- Anne Bradstreet, the first female poet. Lucy Walton-Lange. September 12, 2012. March 14, 2015.
3. Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture, and New York Public Library. The Woman's Athenaeum For the Intellectual, Industrial and Social Advancement of Women. New York: Woman's Athenaeum, 1912.
4. Web site: . Breakthrough Women Fast Facts: US Government, Education, Business and Sports . edition.cnn.com . December 15, 2021 . December 16, 2021.
5. Alyson Publications (1990). The Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community. Boston: Alyson Publications.
6. Saunders, Richard H. and Ellen G. Miles. American Colonial Portraits • 1700-1776. Washington, D.C.; Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987. pp. 94-96
7. Humphrey, H. B (1961). Makers of North American Botany. New York: Ronald.
8. "Women in Politics." International women's democracy center. International Women, n.d. Web. 26 Apr 2012.http://www.iwdc.org/resources/timeline.htm
9. Hanaford, Phebe A (1882). Daughters of America; or, Women of the Century. Augusta, Me: True and Co.
10. Pennington, Reina (2003). Amazons to Fighter Pilots: A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
11. Web site: History Detectives: Women inventors. PBS.
12. Metzger, Bruce Manning (2001). The Bible in Translation: Ancient and English Versions. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.
13. Lacy, Linda Cates (2004). We Are Marines!: World War I to the Present. [North Carolina]: Tar Heel Chapter, NC-1, Women Marines Association.
14. [Olive Burt|Burt, Olive Woolley]
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95. Web site: Adirondack mountain renamed after first woman to scale all 46 High Peaks. syracuse.com. June 12, 2014. 14 March 2015.
96. Web site: Tribute to Grace Hudowalski 46er #9 . Adirondack Forum . March 14, 2004 . 2010-01-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100116033946/http://adkforum.com/showthread.php?t=519 . dead . 2016-12-09.
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101. Felder, Deborah G (2003). A century of women: the most influential events in twentieth-century women's history. New York: Kensington Publishing Corp.
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103. Scott, Anne Firor (1993). Unheard voices: the first historians of southern women. Charlottesville: University of Virginia.
104. Web site: FLYING FOR FREEDOM The Story of the Women Airforce Service Pilots. Teacher Resource Guide. National Museum of the United States Air Force. 2 March 2010. United States. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20101226112912/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-070323-027.pdf. 26 December 2010.
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108. Web site: Top 10 Women Who Changed Missouri: Gerty Cori . MissouriLife.com . 2013-03-08 . 2013-09-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194556/http://www.missourilife.com/life/top-10-women-who-changed-missouri%3A-gerty-cori/ . 2014-02-01 . dead .
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110. Web site: Feature - Esther Blake: First enlisted woman in the Air Force. 14 March 2015.
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112. O'Neil, Thomas (2000). The Emmys: the ultimate, unofficial guide to the battle of TV's best shows and greatest stars. New York: Perigee.
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116. Van Leer Peck . Maryly . Lauren Kata . Oral-History: Maryly Van Leer Peck . Profiles of SWE Pioneers Oral History Project. . Winter Haven, Florida . 13 June 2003. 26 March 2018.
117. Web site: Daniel . Amber Lynn . Navy's First Female Master Chief Petty Officer Laid to Rest at Arlington . Navy.mil . November 30, 2011 . December 18, 2011.
118. Nadell, Pamela Susan (1998). Women who would be rabbis a history of women's ordination, 1889-1985. Boston: Beacon Press. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39013634.html.
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120. Hyson . John M. . Women Dentists: The Origins . Journal of the California Dental Association . June 2002 . 30 . 6 . 444–53 . 10.1080/19424396.2002.12223293 . 12519054 . 26571662 . December 18, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120402130624/http://www.cda.org/library/cda_member/pubs/journal/jour0602/hyson.html . April 2, 2012 .
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125. News: McLellan. Dennis. Ruby Bradley, 94; Army Nurse Was 'Angel in Fatigues' for POWs. October 24, 2014. Los Angeles Times. June 2, 2002.
126. News: First Black Woman To Earn a Ph.D In Political Science Dies. Essence.com. 2018-05-29. en.
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135. Web site: Arlene Pieper – 1st Lady Marathoner. Marathonandbeyond.com. 6 October 2014.
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140. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 . Nobelprize.org . September 6, 2013.
141. Book: The Madame Curie Complex: The Hidden History of Women in Science - Julie Des Jardins - Google Books . 9781558616554 . September 6, 2013. Jardins . Julie Des . March 2010 . The Feminist Press at CUNY .
142. Web site: Mayer, Maria Goeppert . Astr.ua.edu . September 6, 2013.
143. Web site: Trailblazing woman pilot honored in bronze in Newark. Dean Narciso. The Columbus Dispatch. 14 March 2015.
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149. Book: Frank, Lisa Tendrich. An Encyclopedia of American Women at War: From the Home Front to the Battlefields. ABC-CLIO. 2013. 45. 9781598844443.
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154. Web site: B.A.A.: Boston Marathon History . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120307073949/http://www.baa.org/races/boston-marathon/boston-marathon-history.aspx . 2012-03-07 .
155. Book: Allaback, Sarah . The First American Women Architects . 2008 . University of Illinois Press . 978-0-252-03321-6 . en.
156. Web site: Kathrine Switzer Marathon Woman - Author. Activist. Athlete.. Kathrine Switzer - Marathon Woman. January 15, 2013 . 14 March 2015.
157. Web site: First Female Member Of NYSE Muriel Siebert Dies At 80. 26 August 2013. NPR.org. 14 March 2015.
158. Allyn, David (2001). Make love, not war: the sexual revolution, an unfettered history. New York: Routledge.
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161. Web site: Navy's First Female Admiral, Alene Duerk, Passes Away . . 21 July 2018 . 12 March 2023.
162. News: Matt Schudel . Elizabeth P. Hoisington, 88; pioneering brigadier general led the Women's Army Corps - Los Angeles Times . Articles.latimes.com . 2005-03-06 . 2013-09-05.
163. Book: Women Rabbis: Exploration & Celebration: Papers Delivered at an Academic Conference Honoring Twenty Years of Women in the Rabbinate, 1972-1992 . Hebrew Union College Press . Zola, Gary Phillip . 1996 . 20 . 0-87820-214-5.
164. Blau, Eleanor. "1st Woman Rabbi in U.S. Ordained; She May Be Only the Second in History of Judaism", The New York Times, June 4, 1972. Retrieved September 17, 2009. "Sally J. Priesand was ordained at the Isaac M. Wise Temple here today, becoming the first woman rabbi in this country and it is believed, the second in the history of Judaism."
165. Book: The Impulse Factor. 9781471109812. 14 March 2015. Tasler. Nick. December 11, 2012. Simon and Schuster .
166. Encyclopedia: Boaz . David . David Boaz . Ronald . Hamowy . Ronald Hamowy . The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism . Nathan, Toni (1923–). 2008 . SAGE. Thousand Oaks, CA . 10.4135/9781412965811.n212. 978-1-4129-6580-4 . 750831024. 2008009151 . 347 .
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171. Web site: Carla Hills. Gerald R. Ford Foundation. May 28, 2013. 14 March 2015.
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173. Web site: Alice Rivlin, First Woman To Serve As Budget Director, Dies At Age 88 . Kurtzleben . Daniele . May 14, 2019 . npr.org . May 15, 2019.
174. Hightower-Langston, Donna (2002). A to Z of American women leaders and activists. New York: Facts on File.
175. Woolum, Janet (1992). Outstanding women athletes: who they are and how they influenced sports in America. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press.
176. Web site: Women In Military Service For America Memorial. 14 March 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629034948/http://www.womensmemorial.org/H%26C/History/milacad.html. 29 June 2011.
177. Web site: Women in Aviation and Space History, Emily Howell Warner . Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum . America by Air . Cochrane, D. . Ramirez, P. . amp.
178. Book: The 1970s: A New Global History from Civil Rights to Economic Inequality . Princeton University Press . Borstelmann, Thomas . 2011 . 9781400839704.
179. Web site: Guthrie wonders why more women haven't followed her. May 28, 2006. Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. 2013-07-16. Lubbock, TX.
180. Web site: Jimmie Johnson wins Daytona 500. February 24, 2013. Portland Press Herald. 2013-07-17. Portland, ME.
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183. News: Muriel Humphrey is named to husband's Senate Seat . October 6, 2020 . The Washington Post . January 26, 1978.
184. Miller, Ernestine G (2002). Making her mark: firsts and milestones in women's sports. Chicago: Contemporary Books.
185. News Notes . Air Force Magazine . 61 . 37 . 1978 . Air Force Association . US Army has promoted its first woman to the rank of major general. Wearing two stars is Mary Clarke, former Commander of the discontinued Woman's Army Corps.
186. News: Vitello . Paul . November 25, 2014 . Nancy H. Teeters, First Woman on Federal Reserve Board, Dies at 84 . The New York Times . 1553-8095.
187. Richards, Caroline Cowles, and Kerry A. Graves (2000). A nineteenth-century schoolgirl: the diary of Caroline Cowles Richards, 1852-1855. Mankato, Minn: Blue Earth Books.
188. Web site: 2010-11-08 . A Higher Standard: Patricia Roberts Harris . 2021-02-19 . National Museum of African American History and Culture . en.
189. Biskupic, Joan, and Sandra Day O'Connor (2005). Sandra Day O'Connor: how the first woman on the Supreme Court became its most influential justice. New York: ECCO.
190. News: . BUSINESS PEOPLE; Fed Bank President Appointed in Cleveland . The New York Times . March 30, 1982 . January 15, 2001.
191. Angelo. Michael. Varrato. Matt. 2011-10-01. Leah Lowenstein, MD Nation's first female Dean of a co-ed medical school (1981). 50 and Forward: Posters.
192. Riddolls, Tom (2011). Sally Ride: the first American woman in space. St. Catharines, Ont: Crabtree Pub. Co.
193. Web site: Vanessa Williams Biography. 2015-09-15. biography.com.
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195. Web site: Velma Margie Barfield #29 . Office of the Clark County Prosecuting Attorney . 2008-01-16.
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197. Hutchison, Kay Bailey (2006). American heroines: the spirited women who shaped our country. New York: Harper.
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199. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Kathryn D. Sullivan (04/2014). nasa.gov. February 11, 2015 .
200. Web site: Penny Harrington, the USA's 1st Female Chief of Police. 14 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20131030115809/http://www.thenextwomen.com/2013/03/04/penny-harrington-usa-s-1st-female-chief-police. October 30, 2013. dead.
201. Web site: Libby Riddles (1956-) - America Comes Alive. America Comes Alive. March 12, 2011. 14 March 2015.
202. Roberts, Kate (2007). Minnesota 150: the people, places, and things that shape our state. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. pp. 9.
203. Web site: Nancy Lieberman. 14 March 2015.
204. Web site: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts first woman. HISTORY.com. 14 March 2015.
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206. News: Jill Stein is First Woman to Receive More than One-Quarter of 1% of the General Election Vote for President. Winger. Richard. December 7, 2012. Ballot Access News. December 30, 2014.
207. News: Shawna Robinson Becomes First Woman to Win a NASCAR Race. June 18, 1988. Los Angeles Times. 2013-06-17. Los Angeles, CA.
208. Rachel Rachel: An All Girl Rock Band Making an Impact Stateside . Bryan . McAdie . Cross Rhythms . 17 . October 1, 1993.
209. American Dental Association elects first woman president. (Geraldine T. Morrow)
210. Charns, Alexander (2006). How hockey saved the world (and defeated George W. Bush, but not necessarily in that order): finding ice during the lost season. New York: iUniverse.pp. 81.
211. News: Betsy. Taylor. Mona Van Duyn, first female poet laureate. 3 December 2004. The Boston Globe. 8 February 2018.
212. Web site: Martin . Jim . What's in a name: Halli Reid Park . Erie Times . 4 June 2012.
213. Web site: VICTOR FERNANDES, The Associated Press . First woman to swim Lake Erie looks back . Philadelphia Daily News.
214. Web site: Twenty-Year Anniversary of Halli Reid's Swim Across Lake Erie – People . Reprints.goerie.com.
215. Web site: Couric . Katie . First Woman Attorney General Janet Reno=archives.nbclearn.com.
216. Web site: Vejnoska . Jill . Top cop Beverly Harvard broke down many doors . . 16 August 2016 . 12 March 2023.
217. Web site: History of the Presidency. 14 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20140303030358/http://www.upenn.edu/president/about-presidency/history-presidency#rodin. March 3, 2014. dead.
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219. Kramer, Barbara (2000). Madeleine Albright: first woman Secretary of State. Springfield, N.J.: Enslow Publishers.
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222. Web site: June 2002 . Journal of the California Dental Association . 2012-08-04 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120402130624/http://www.cda.org/library/cda_member/pubs/journal/jour0602/hyson.html . 2012-04-02 .
223. https://www.aegisdentalnetwork.com/id/2012/02/a-conversation-with-hazel-harper-dds-mph Hazel Harper, DDS, MPH
224. Wright. Robin B.. Robin Wright (author). Hillary Wouldn't Be the First Female American President. The New Yorker. News Desk. 2016-08-01. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160803183142/http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/hillary-wouldnt-be-the-first-female-american-president. 2016-08-03. 0028-792X.
225. Web site: Hollywood.com "The Lion King" Los Angeles Premiere. Hollywood.com. 14 March 2015.
226. Web site: Best Director of a Musical: Julie Taymor (The Lion King). Playbill. 14 March 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202236/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/39437-Best-Director-of-a-Musical-Julie-Taymor-The-Lion-King. 29 October 2013.
227. Web site: A farewell celebration for Nursing's Fannie Gaston-Johansson. St Angelo. Steven. 2014-07-01. The Hub. en. 2020-03-28.
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230. Web site: Women's History Chronology . Uscg.mil . June 29, 2011.
231. Web site: Navy Remembers Fleet's First Female Handler. Military.com. 1 July 2000 .
232. Web site: NBDL Makes History With Female Coach. .
233. News: Stephanie Ready: making history coaching male hoop stars - assistant coach of the National Basketball Developmental League's Greenville Groove . Ebony . Bobbi . Roquemore . 2002 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120601030554/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_6_57/ai_84344863/ . 2012-06-01 .
234. News: Laura . Raines . General dean . www.ajc.com . 2012-04-17 . 2015-03-14.
235. News: Anderson . Nick . October 11, 2001 . Pelosi Makes History as New Minority Whip . live . Los Angeles Times . https://web.archive.org/web/20210227101115/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-oct-11-mn-55996-story.html . February 27, 2021 . October 12, 2001 . 2165-1736.
236. Web site: AWM Essay Contest: Leena Shah. 14 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150421003840/http://www.awm-math.org/biographies/contest/LeenaShah2007.html. April 21, 2015. dead.
237. Web site: Democrats pick Pelosi as House leader . Loughlin . Sean . November 15, 2002 . edition.cnn.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20140723191835/http://edition.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/11/14/democrats.leadership/ . July 23, 2014 . live . November 16, 2002.
238. News: Danica Patrick remains interested in Indy 500 beyond 2013 . USA Today . Nate . Ryan . 2012-11-11.
239. Web site: Those Who Have Lain in State . December 1, 2009 . December 1, 2009 . Architect of the Capitol.
240. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/LyingState.pdf Memorial or Funeral Services in the Capitol Rotunda
241. Web site: Effa Manley Becomes First Woman in Baseball Hall of Fame. PBS NewsHour. 14 March 2015.
242. News: Branigin . William . January 4, 2007 . Pelosi Sworn in as First Woman Speaker of the House . live . The Washington Post . https://web.archive.org/web/20190122145116/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/technology/2007/01/04/pelosi-sworn-in-as-first-woman-speaker-of-the-house/32917f2c-c075-4d7a-b404-90e8c9fe7cea/ . January 22, 2019 . January 5, 2007 . 0190-8286.
243. Web site: Facts . 14 March 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141216234346/http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/resources/Firsts.php . 16 December 2014 .
244. Web site: Facts . 14 March 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090430130147/http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/elections/preswatch_clinton.php . 30 April 2009 .
245. Web site: MAKING HISTORY: Danica Patrick Becomes First Woman to Win IndyCar Series. MAKERS. 14 March 2015.
246. Web site: Sarah Palin Makes History as First Female Vice Presidential Nominee of Republican Party. . ABC News. 14 March 2015.
247. News: Army general is nation's first four-star woman . CNN . 2008-11-14.
248. News: First woman to win top Guild's award . Gulf Times . 2010-01-31 . 2010-07-10.
249. News: Langer . Emily . Elinor Ostrom, first woman to receive Nobel Prize in economics, dies at 78 - Washington Post . https://web.archive.org/web/20121214095123/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-06-13/national/35462850_1_elinor-ostrom-nobel-prize-pastures . dead . 2012-12-14 . Articles.washingtonpost.com . 2012-06-13 . 2013-09-05.
250. This is the first time in American history that a professional men's basketball team has ever been coached by a woman. Read ESPN report, Lieberman introduced by D-League, November 9, 2009
251. Web site: Dr. Kathleen O'Loughlin Named American Dental Association Executive Director . American Dental Association . May 5, 2009. May 7, 2013.
252. Web site: Tikkanen . Amy . Nikki Haley . Encyclopædia Britannica . 30 March 2020.
253. Web site: 'Hurt Locker' wins best picture, director . https://web.archive.org/web/20100722061908/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/35752337 . live . 2010-07-22 . . 2010-03-08 . 2010-07-10.
254. News: Reuters . Kathryn Bigelow wins best director BAFTA for 'Hurt Locker' over James Cameron's 'Avatar' . NY Daily News . 2010-02-21 . 2010-07-10 . New York.
255. News: Critic's Choice Awards 2010: Sandra Bullock, Meryl Streep kiss; Kathryn Bigelow is Best Director . NY Daily News . 2010-01-16 . 2010-07-10 . New York . Soraya . Roberts . January 19, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100119033217/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/2010/01/15/2010-01-15_critics_choice_awards_2010_kathryn_bigelow_makes_history_as_first_female_to_win_.html . dead .
256. News: Stepping down: Jennifer Gorovitz, first woman to lead major federation, resigns JCF post. dan pine. J . January 10, 2014 . 14 March 2015.
257. Web site: Angella Reid named first female chief usher at White House | News, Weather, Sports, Breaking News | WJLA News . Wjla.com . 2015-08-29.
258. News: Senate welcomes first female parliamentarian. CNN. Ted. Barrett. January 31, 2012. April 12, 2014.
259. Web site: Janet Wolfenbarger, Air Force's First Female Four Star, Takes Material Command. June 8, 2012 . 14 March 2015.
260. Web site: Katy Perry wins Spotlight Award at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards; . May 20, 2012 . May 21, 2012.
261. Web site: Shannon Eastin will be first woman to work NFL officiating crew. CBS Sports. August 9, 2012. August 6, 2012. Ryan. Wilson.
262. News: Chess: Wesley So wins US title unbeaten as Hikaru Nakamura's run ends tamely. Leonard. Barden. The Guardian . October 30, 2020. www.theguardian.com.
263. https://ratings.fide.com/title_applications.phtml?details=1&id=2012782&title=GM&pb=37 GM title application
264. Web site: Danica Patrick is first woman to win Daytona 500 pole - ESPN. ESPN.com. February 17, 2013 . 14 March 2015.
265. News: Danica Patrick, first woman to lead a lap at Daytona 500 - CBS News. CBS News .
266. News: Thomas . Colleen . Rosie Napravnik has another shot at history aboard Unlimited Budget at Belmont . baltimoresun.com . Baltimore Sun . 2013-06-04 . 2013-06-17.
267. Web site: Gilmour is Little League's first female board chair . Sunday Dispatch . Sunday Dispatch . 14 March 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131216061154/http://psdispatch.com/news/baseball/607398/Gilmour-is-Little-Leagues-first-female-board-chair . 16 December 2013 .
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269. Web site: Women in the UFC: Looking Back at the First Six Months, And What It Means for the Future. www.cagepotato.com. 2013-09-05.
270. Web site: Reconstructionists Pick First Woman, Lesbian As Denominational Leader - The Jewish Week. The Jewish Week. 14 March 2015.
271. Web site: Trailblazing Reconstructionist Deborah Waxman Relishes Challenges of Judaism. 9 October 2013. The Jewish Daily Forward. 14 March 2015.
272. Web site: RRC Announces New President Elect . 2013-10-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092703/http://www.rrc.edu/sites/default/files/ORPHAN_PDFs/RRC_WaxmanPresidentElect-ForPress3.pdf?hero=1615 . 2015-09-24 . dead .
273. Web site: 2014 AIA Gold Medal Awarded to Julia Morgan, FAIA. Press Releases. American Institute of Architects. 12 December 2013.
274. Web site: Watertown Daily Times - Local pro hockey: With Kirnan behind bench, Privateers win. Watertown Daily Times. 14 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20140809155216/http://watertowndailytimes.com/article/20130302/SPORTS01/703029857. August 9, 2014. dead.
275. Web site: Nicole Kirnan, first woman to coach men's pro hockey team, faced 'demoralizing' criticism. 14 March 2013. Yahoo Sports. 14 March 2015.
276. Web site: Erika Schmidt Elected First Female Director of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis . November 13, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131113033757/http://internationalpsychoanalysis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/ErikaSchmidtRelease.pdf . November 13, 2013 . dead .
277. Web site: Hamm is first woman inductee into Pachuca World Football Hall of Fame - Inside World Football. Paul Nicholson. 14 March 2015. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064657/http://www.insideworldfootball.com/world-football/football-americas/concacaf-news/13621-hamm-is-first-woman-inductee-into-pachuca-world-football-hall-of-fame. dead.
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279. Web site: Deborah Rutter named Kennedy Center president, is first woman to hold job. WJLA. 14 March 2015.
280. Web site: First Woman Completes 1,515 Mile Saltwater Paddling Trail. January 11, 2014 . 14 March 2015.
281. Web site: Activist Kim Charlson is unanimously elected to lead rights advocacy group. 14 March 2015.
282. Web site: Lauren Silberman disappoints as first woman to tryout at NFL Regional Scouting Combine - NY Daily News. . 14 March 2015.
283. News: Strege. David. Woman Completes Explorer's Grand Slam in Record Time. Men's Journal. 10 March 2013.
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286. Web site: Williams gets silver in bobsled; fifth athlete to win medals in Winter and Summer Olympics. tribunedigital-sunsentinel. 14 March 2015.
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290. Web site: Howard becomes Navy's first woman, first African American four-star admiral. St. Louis American. July 2014 . 14 March 2015.
291. Web site: National Basketball Players Association Turns Page, Elects Michele Roberts First Female Pro Sports Union Leader. Darren Heitner. 29 July 2014. Forbes. 14 March 2015.
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295. Web site: WNBA - San Antonio Stars' and future Spurs assistant Becky Hammon was born to coach - ESPN. ESPN.com. August 5, 2014 . 14 March 2015.
296. Web site: Jayski's® NASCAR Silly Season Site - NASCAR Hall of Fame Class of 2015. March 14, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150317225627/http://www.jayski.com/news/pages/story/_/page/2015-NASCAR-Hall-of-Fame-Class. March 17, 2015. dead.
297. Female Pilot Joins Blue Angels . Flying. Stephen Pope. July 24, 2014. July 24, 2014.
298. Web site: Jackson eye doctor first woman in national Hall of Fame. The Clarion-Ledger. November 6, 2014.
299. Web site: Suzy Whaley Becomes 1st Female Officer at PGA. . ABC News. November 23, 2014.
300. Web site: Susan Morrison named first female executive pastry chef at White House. NY Daily News. November 22, 2014. 23 November 2014.
301. News: White House names Google's Megan Smith the next Chief Technology Officer of the United States. Scola. Nancy. September 4, 2014. The Washington Post. 4 September 2014.
302. Web site: Google[x] VP Megan Smith busts Silicon ceiling as first female US CTO ]. Tech Republic . September 4, 2014 . Alex . Howard . October 3, 2014 .
303. U.S. Postal Service Selects First Female Postmaster General . Time magazine. November 14, 2014 . November 23, 2014 .
304. Web site: Texas indoor pro football team first to hire woman to coaching staff . www.foxsports.com.
305. Web site: Michelle K. Lee First Woman to Lead United States Patent and Trademark Office | Asian Fortune . March 13, 2015 . Asianfortunenews.com . March 13, 2015.
306. Web site: Maryland's first lady capitalizes on her South Korean heritage to secure test kits. Bennett. Kate. April 21, 2020. CNN. 2020-04-21.
307. Taylor Swift Joins Elite Club to Win Grammy Album of the Year More Than Once: See the Rest. Lynch. Joe. February 19, 2016. Billboard. July 31, 2016.
308. Alan Rappeport, Yamiche Alcindor & Jonathan Martin, Democrats Nominate Hillary Clinton Despite Sharp Divisions, New York Times (July 26, 2016).
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310. Web site: Carla Hayden is officially sworn in as the first woman and African-American librarian of Congress . Vox . September 14, 2016. September 14, 2016.
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313. Web site: Pokhrel. Rajan. Vanessa O'Brien, John Snorri set record as 12 scale Mt K2. The Himalayan Times. July 28, 2017 . July 28, 2017.
314. Web site: Oprah Winfrey makes history as first black female recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award. Kelley. Sonaiya. Los Angeles Times. January 9, 2018 . 2019-06-05.
315. Web site: Meet the two new volunteers on the BSA's National Key 3. Bryan. Wendell. May 31, 2018. Bryan on Scouting. May 2, 2019.
316. Web site: Carla L. Provost Named Chief of the US Border Patrol - U.S. Customs and Border Protection . www.cbp.gov . August 9, 2018.
317. Web site: Carla Provost officially named first female chief of Border Patrol. . August 9, 2018 . August 9, 2018.
318. News: Hirschfeld Davis . Julie . January 3, 2019 . Nancy Pelosi Elected Speaker as Democrats Take Control of House . live . The New York Times . https://web.archive.org/web/20211123022725/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/us/politics/nancy-pelosi-speaker-116th-congress.html . November 23, 2021 . January 4, 2019 . 1553-8095.
319. Web site: Democrat Ghazala Hashmi wins 10th Senate District race. Mirshahi. Dean. 8News. November 6, 2019 . en-US. 6 November 2019.
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321. Astead W. Herndon and Lisa Lerer (19 August 2020) News: Democrats Nominate Harris for Vice President, as Obama Lashes Trump. 25 August 2020. The New York Times. August 20, 2020 . Herndon . Astead W. . Lerer . Lisa .
322. News: Karni . Annie . September 19, 2020 . Ginsburg Expected to Lie in Repose at the Supreme Court . September 20, 2020 . . en-US . 0362-4331 . Plans for a commemoration and services have yet to be made final, but large crowds are expected to pay their respects for a justice who became a feminist icon and liberal hero..
323. Web site: Higgins. Tucker. September 21, 2020. Ruth Bader Ginsburg to be first woman to lie in state at Capitol and will lie in repose at Supreme Court. September 21, 2020. CNBC. en.
324. Web site: Kampeas. Ron. September 21, 2020. Ruth Bader Ginsburg will be the first Jew and first woman to lie in state at the Capitol. September 21, 2020. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. en-US.
325. Web site: 2020-11-07 . Kamala Harris Makes History As First Female, Black, Asian American Vice President . 2020-11-13 . Forbes.
326. Web site: Scarborough . Alex . November 28, 2020 . Vanderbilt Commodores K Sarah Fuller makes history with second-half kickoff . 28 November 2020 . Espn.com.
327. 30 December 2020 . Becky Hammon Becomes First Woman to Lead NBA Team After Gregg Popovich's Ejection . Sports Illustrated.
328. Barbara Sprunt. January 20, 2021. "Senate Confirms Avril Haines As Director Of National Intelligence" NPR. Retrieved 20, 2021.
329. News: Rappeport . Alan . Alan Rappeport . January 26, 2021 . Janet Yellen, the first woman to be Treasury secretary, is sworn in by the first woman to be vice president. . The New York Times . January 27, 2021 . 0362-4331.
330. Web site: 2024-03-04 . Nikki Haley wins the District of Columbia's Republican primary and gets her first 2024 victory . 2024-03-05 . AP News . en.
331. Web site: Allison . Natalie . March 6, 2024 . Nikki Haley plans to drop her presidential bid Wednesday . March 6, 2024 . Politico.