List of American suffragists explained

This is a list of suffragists from the United States and its territories. This list includes suffragists who worked across state lines or nationally. See individual state or territory lists for other American suffragists not listed here.

Groups

• American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA), created in 1869.^[1]
• Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage.
• The Men's League.^[2]
• National American Suffrage Association (NWSA).
• National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), created in 1890 through the merger of AWSA and NWSA.

Suffragists

A

• Mary Newbury Adams (1837–1901) – suffragist and education advocate.^[3]
• Jane Addams (1860–1935) – social activist and suffragist.^[4]
• Edith Ainge (1873–1948) – member of Silent Sentinels, Treasurer for National Woman's Party (NWP,) jailed five times^{[5] [6] [7]}
• Nina E. Allender (1873–1957) – speaker, organizer and cartoonist.^[8]
• Naomi Anderson (born 1863) – African American suffragist, temperance advocate.^[9]
• Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906) – co-founder and leader National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), one of the leaders of the National American Woman Suffrage Association; Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed the right of women to vote, was popularly known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment.^[10]
• Annie Arniel (1873–1924) – member of the Silent Sentinels, arrested eight times in direct actions.^[11]

B

• Elnora Monroe Babcock (1852–1934) – pioneer leader in the suffrage movement; chair of the NAWSA press department.
• Addie L. Ballou (1838-1916) - activist, journalist and lecturer on temperance, women's suffrage, and prison reform.
• Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862–1931) – African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, and early leader in the civil rights movement.^[12]
• Rosario Bellber González (1881–1948) – educator, social worker, women's rights activist, suffragist, and philanthropist; president of the Social League of Suffragists of Puerto Rico^{[13] [14] [15] [16]}
• Alva Belmont (1853–1933) – founder of the Political Equality League that was in 1913 merged into the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage.^[17]
• Elsie Lincoln Benedict (1885–1970), suffragist leader and speaker.^[18]
• Alice Stone Blackwell (1857–1950) – journalist, activist, helped bring the AWSA and NWSA together.^[19]
• Antoinette Brown Blackwell (1825–1921) – preacher and contributor to the Woman's Journal.^[20]
• Henry Browne Blackwell (1825–1909) – co-founder of AWSA and Woman's Journal.
• Lillie Devereux Blake (1833–1913) – writer, suffragist, reformer.^[21]
• Harriot Eaton Stanton Blatch (1856–1940) – writer (contributor to History of Woman Suffrage), founded Women's Political Union, daughter of pioneering activist Elizabeth Cady Stanton.^[22]
• Amelia Bloomer (1818–1894) – women's rights and temperance advocate; her name was associated with women's clothing reform style known as bloomers.^[23]
• Marietta Bones (1842–1901) – suffragist, social reformer, philanthropist.^[24]
• Helen Varick Boswell (1869–1942) – member of the Woman's National Republican Association and the General Federation of Women's Clubs.^[25]
• Lucy Gwynne Branham (1892–1966) – professor, organizer, lobbyist, active in the National Women's Party and its Silent Sentinels, daughter of suffragette Lucy Fisher Gwynne Branham.^[26]
• Olympia Brown (1835–1926) – activist, first woman to graduate from a theological school, as well as becoming the first full-time ordained minister, suffrage speaker.^[27]
• Lucy Burns (1879–1966) – women's rights advocate, co-founder of the National Woman's Party.^[28]

C

• Jennie Curtis Cannon (1851–1929) – Vice President of NAWSA.^[29]
• Marion Hamilton Carter (1865–1937) – educator, journalist, suffragist author.^[30]
• Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947) – president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women, campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.^[31]
• Emily Thornton Charles (1845–1895) – poet, journalist, suffragist, newspaper founder.
• Tennessee Celeste Claflin (1844–1923) – one of the first women to open a Wall Street brokerage firm, advocate of legalized prostitution.^[32]
• Laura Clay (1849–1941) – co-founder and first president of Kentucky Equal Rights Association, leader of women's suffrage movement, active in the Democratic Party.^[33]
• Mary Barr Clay (1839–1924) – first Kentuckian to hold the office of president in a national woman's organization (American Woman Suffrage Association), and the first Kentucky woman to speak publicly on women's rights.^[34]
• Emily Parmely Collins (1814–1909) – in South Bristol, New York, 1848, was the first woman in the U.S. to establish a society focused on woman suffrage and women's rights.^[35]
• Helen Appo Cook (1837–1913) – prominent African American community activist and leader in the women's club movement.^{[36] [37]}
• Mary Leggett Cooke (1852–1938), Unitarian minister; suffragist.^[38]
• Ida Craft (1861–1947) – known as the Colonel, took part in Suffrage Hikes.^[39]

D

• Carrie Chase Davis (1863–1953) – physician, suffragist.^[40]
• Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis (1813–1876) – a founder of the New England Woman Suffrage Association; active with the National Woman Suffrage Association; co-arranged and presided at the first National Women's Rights Convention.^[41]
• Rheta Childe Dorr (1868–1948) – journalist, suffragist newspaper editor, writer, and political activist.^[42]
• Frederick Douglass (1818–1895) – African-American social reformer, orator, writer, statesman.^[43]

E

• Crystal Eastman (1881–1928) – lawyer, antimilitarist, feminist, socialist, and journalist.^[44]
• Mary F. Eastman – educator, lecturer and writer.
• Max Eastman (1883–1969) – writer, philosopher, poet, political activist.
• Julia Emory (1885–1979) – suffragist from Maryland, protestor with the Silent Sentinels.^[45]
• Elizabeth Piper Ensley (1848–1919) – Caribbean-American woman who was the treasurer of the Colorado Non-Partisan Equal Suffrage Association.^[46]
• Elizabeth Glendower Evans (1856–1937) – social reformer and suffragist.^[47]

F

• Janet Ayer Fairbank (1878–1951) – author and champion of progressive causes.^{[48] [49]}
• Lillian Feickert (1877–1945) – suffragette; first woman from New Jersey to run for United States Senate^[50]
• Mary Fels (1863–1953) – philanthropist, suffragist, Georgist.^{[51] [52]}
• Sara Bard Field (1882–1974) – active with the National Advisory Council, National Woman's Party, and in Oregon and Nevada; crossed the US to deliver a petition with 500,000 signatures to President Wilson.^[53]
• Margaret Foley (1875–1957) – working class suffragist, active in Massachusetts and campaigning in other states.^[54]
• Jessica Garretson Finch (1871–1949) – president of the New York Equal Franchise Society
• Mariana Thompson Folsom (1845–1909) – Universalist minister and lecturer for Iowa Suffrage Association and Texas Equal Rights.^[55]
• Elisabeth Freeman (1876–1942) – Suffrage Hike participant and activist.^[56]
• Antoinette Funk (1869–1942) – lawyer and executive secretary of the Congressional Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association; supporter of the women's movement in WWI.^[57]

G

• Matilda Joslyn Gage (1826–1898) – activist, freethinker, author, co-founder of NWSA.^[58]
• Helen Hoy Greeley (1878–1965) – Secretary, New Jersey Next Campaign (1915), stump speaker, organizer, and mobilizer in California and Oregon campaigns (1911), speaker for Women's Political Union in NYC.^{[59] [60]}
• Josephine Sophia White Griffing (1814–1872) – active in the American Equal Rights Association and the National Woman Suffrage Association.^[61]
• Sarah Moore Grimké (1792–1873) – abolitionist, writer.^[62]

H

• Ida Husted Harper (1851–1931) – organizer, major writer and historian of the US suffrage movement.^[63]
• Florence Jaffray Harriman (1870–1967) – social reformer, organiser and diplomat.^[64]
• Oreola Williams Haskell (1875–1953) – prolific author and poet, who worked alongside other notable suffrage activists, such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Mary Garrett Hay, and Ida Husted Harper.^[65]
• Mary Garrett Hay (1857–1928) – suffrage organizer around the United States.^[66]
• Elsie Hill (1883–1970) – NWP activist.^[67]
• Helena Hill (1875–1958) – NWP activist, jailed for protest.^[68]
• Jennie Florella Holmes (1842–1892) — temperance activist; chair, executive committee, Nebraska State Suffrage Society
• Mary Emma Holmes (1839–1937), reformer, educator; president, Equal Suffrage Association of Illinois
• Edith Houghton Hooker (1879–1948) – activist, editor The Suffragist
• Julia Ward Howe (1819–1910) – prominent abolitionist, social activist and poet
• Emily Howland (1827–1929) – philanthropist, educator
• Martha Seavey Hoyt (1844–1915) – biographer, newspaper correspondent, and businesswoman; member, Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association
• Florence Frances Huberwald – singer, teacher, suffragist, national leader of the women's movement
• Josephine Brawley Hughes (1839–1926) – established the Arizona Suffrage Association in 1891
• Sarah Gibson Humphreys (1830–1907) – author, suffragist
• Augusta Merrill Hunt (1842–1932) – philanthropist, suffragist, temperance leader; interim chair, Maine Woman's Suffrage Association
• Addie Waites Hunton (1866–1943) – suffragist, race and gender activist, writer, political organizer, educator
• Cornelia Collins Hussey (1827–1902) – philanthropist, writer; left a bequest of to the National American Woman Suffrage Association
• May Arkwright Hutton (1860–1915) – suffrage leader and labor rights advocate in the Pacific Northwest

I

• Inez Haynes Irwin (1873–1970) – co-founder of the College Equal Suffrage League, active in National Woman's Party, wrote the party's history
• Lucie Fulton Isaacs (1841–1916) — American writer, philanthropist; president of Walla Walla, Washington's suffrage association

J

• Lottie Wilson Jackson (1854–1914) – painter and suffragist
• Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi (1842–1906) – medical physician, teacher, scientist, and writer^[69]
• Ada James (1876–1952) – social worker and reformer
• Martha Waldron Janes (1832–1913) – minister, suffragist, columnist
• Hester C. Jeffrey (1842–1934) – African American community organizer, creator of the Susan B. Anthony clubs
• Frances C. Jenkins (1826–1915) – evangelist, Quaker minister, social reformer; president, first equal suffrage organization in Kansas City, Missouri
• Izetta Jewel (1883–1978) – stage actress, women's rights activist, politician and first woman to second the nomination of a presidential candidate at a major American political party convention
• Laura M. Johns (1849–1935) – suffragist, journalist
• Adelaide Johnson (1859–1955) – sculptor who created a monument for suffragists in Washington D.C.
• Harriet C. Johnson (1845–1907) – suffragist, educator
• Rachel Harris Johnson (1887–1983)- founding president of the Girls Club of America.
• Lucy Browne Johnston (1846–1937) – president of the Kansas Federation of Women's Clubs, and was involved in the Kansas Equal Suffrage Association
• Maria I. Johnston (1835–1921) — author, journalist, editor and lecturer from Virginia
• Mary Johnston (1870–1936) – Virginia writer, author, and activist, spoke at the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
• Effie McCollum Jones (1869–1952) – Universalist minister and suffragist
• Jane Elizabeth Jones (1813–1896) – suffragist, abolitionist, member of the early women's rights movement
• Mary Jane Richardson Jones (1819–1909) – black suffragist, abolitionist, and philanthropist
• Rosalie Gardiner Jones (1883–1978) – socialite, took part in Suffrage Hike, known as "General Jones"

K

• Caroline Katzenstein (1888–1968) – suffragist and author from Philadelphia, helped form the National Woman's Party
• Belle Kearney (1863–1939) – speaker and lobbyist for the National American Woman Suffrage Association; first woman elected to the Mississippi State Senate
• Edna Buckman Kearns (1882–1934) – National Woman's Party campaigner, known for her horse-drawn suffrage campaign wagon (now in the collection of New York State Museum)
• Mary Morton Kehew (1859–1918) – labor/social reformer and suffragist from Boston
• Eliza D. Keith (1854–1939) – educator, writer, journalist; founding member/officer, Susan B. Anthony Club, San Francisco, California
• Helen Keller (1880–1968) – author and political activist
• Abby Kelley (1811–1887) – abolitionist, radical social reformer, fundraiser, lecturer and organizer for the American Anti-Slavery Society
• Elizabeth Thacher Kent (1868–1952) – feminist, suffragist, environmentalist
• Harriette A. Keyser (1841–1936), industrial reformer, social worker, author; co-organizer, New York Woman Suffrage Association
• Caroline Burnham Kilgore (1838–1909) – the first woman to be admitted to the bar in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
• Deborah G. King (1839–1922) temperance activist and suffragist; vice-president for Nebraska of the National Woman Suffrage Association
• Janette Hill Knox (1845–1920) – vice-president of the Equal Suffrage Association of North Dakota; educator, temperance reformer
• Sarah Knox-Goodrich (1826–1903) – women's rights activist from San Jose, California
• Florence E. Kollock (1848–1925) – Universalist minister and lecturer

L

• Daisy Elizabeth Adams Lampkin (1883–1965) – civil rights activist, organization executive, and community practitioner
• Orra Henderson Moore Gray Langhorne (1841–1904) – suffragist, founder of Virginia Suffrage Society
• Mary Torrans Lathrap (1838–1895) – poet, preacher, suffragist, social reformer
• Clara Chan Lee (1886–1993) – first Chinese American to register to vote in the US, 8 November 1911^[70]
• Mabel Ping-Hua Lee (1896–1966) – suffragist, advocate for women's rights and for the Chinese immigrant community
• Dora Lewis (1862–1928) – in 1913 became an executive member of the National Women's Party; in 1918 became their chairwoman of finance; in 1919 became their national treasurer; in 1920 headed their ratification committee
• Miriam Leslie (1836–1914) – publisher, author; namesake of the Leslie Woman Suffrage Commission
• Lena Morrow Lewis (1868–1950) – organizer in South Dakota and Oregon; enlisted the support of labor unions
• Indiana Little (1897–1970) – led hundreds of people on a march to register to vote in Birmingham, Alabama on January 18, 1926. They were denied, and she was arrested.
• Mary Livermore (1820–1905) – journalist and advocate of women's rights
• Deborah Knox Livingston (1876–1923) – Scottish-born American temperance and suffrage activist; chair, Maine State Suffrage Campaign
• Sarah Hunt Lockrey (1863–1929) – physician and suffragist
• Adella Hunt Logan (1863–1915) – African-American intellectual, activist and leading suffragist of the historically black Tuskegee University's Woman's Club
• Florence Luscomb (1887–1985) – architect and prominent leader of Massachusetts suffragists

M

• Katherine Duer Mackay (1878–1930) – founder of the Equal Franchise Society
• Theresa Malkiel (1874–1949) – labor organizer and suffragist
• Eugenia St. John Mann (1847–1932) – ordained minister, evangelist, temperance lecturer, suffragist; President, Kansas Equal Suffrage Association^[71]
• Arabella Mansfield (1846–1911) – first female lawyer in the United States, chaired the Iowa Women's Suffrage Convention in 1870, and worked with Susan B. Anthony
• Ella M. S. Marble (1850–1929) – physician; president, Minnesota State Suffrage Association
• Wenona Marlin – New York suffragist from Ohio
• Anne Henrietta Martin (1875–1951) – Vice-chairman of National Woman's Party, arrested as a Silent Sentinel, president Nevada Equal Franchise Society, first US woman to run for Senate
• Ellen A. Martin (1847–1916) – first woman to successful cast a vote in Illinois in 1891, under a loophole in the local law
• Jennie McCowen (1845–1924) – physician, writer, lecturer, medical journal editor, suffragist
• Catharine Waugh McCulloch(1862–1945) – Chicago lawyer, active in the Illinois 1913 effort and legal adviser for the National American Woman Suffrage Association
• Mary A. McCurdy (1852–1934) – African American suffragist
• Mary Ann M'Clintock (1800–1884) – suffragist who helped plan the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention
• Thomas M'Clintock (1792–1876) – abolitionist and suffragist, husband of Mary Ann M'Clintock
• Nell Mercer (1893–1979) – member of the Silent Sentinels
• Ellis Meredith (1865–1955) – journalist
• Jane Hungerford Milbank (1871–1931) – author and poet
• Inez Milholland (1886–1916) – key participant in the National Woman's Party and the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
• Lucy Kennedy Miller, also known as Mrs. John O. Miller (1880–1962) – first president of the Pennsylvania League of Women Voters, and "the woman to whom, more than to any other" was "owe[d] the triumph of" women's suffrage in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.^{[72] [73] [74]}
• Harriet May Mills (1857–1936) – prominent civil rights leader, played a major role in women's rights movement
• Abby Crawford Milton (1881–1991) – traveled throughout Tennessee making speeches and organizing suffrage leagues in small communities; in 1920, she, along with Anne Dallas Dudley and Catherine Talty Kenny, led the campaign in Tennessee to approve ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution^{[75] [76]}
• Virginia Minor (1824–1894) – co-founder and president of the Woman's Suffrage Association of Missouri; unsuccessfully argued in Minor v. Happersett (1874 Supreme Court case) that the Fourteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote
• Zeola Hershey Misener (1878–1966) – Indiana suffragist and politician
• Lilla Day Monroe (1858–1929) – Kansas suffragist, lawyer
• Ethel Moore (1872–1920) – Director, College Equal Suffrage League of Northern California^[77]
• Henrietta G. Moore (1844–1940) – Universalist minister, educator, temperance activist; president, Equal Suffrage Club of Springfield, Ohio
• J. Howard Moore (1862–1916) – zoologist, philosopher, educator and socialist^[78]
• Mary L. Moreland (1859–1918) – minister, evangelist, suffragist, author
• Esther Hobart Morris (1814–1902) – first female Justice of the Peace in the United States
• Mary Foulke Morrisson (1879–1971) – organizer of 1916 suffrage parade in Chicago at the Republican national Convention; founder of chapters of the League of Women Voters
• Lucretia Mott (1793–1880) – Quaker, abolitionist; women's rights activist; social reformer
• Martha H. Mowry (1818–1899) – Rhode Island physician and suffragist
• Ella Uphay Mowry (1865–1923) – Kansas suffragist and the first female gubernatorial candidate in Kansas
• Frances Lillian Willard "Fannie" Munds (1866–1948) – leader of the suffrage movement in Arizona and member of the Arizona Senate

N

• John Neal (1793–1876) – writer, critic, first American women's rights lecturer^[79]
• A. Viola Neblett (1842–1897) – activist, suffragist, women's rights pioneer
• Anna E. Nicholes (1865–1917) – social reformer, civil servant, clubwoman; suffragist from Chicago
• S. Grace Nicholes (1870–1922) – secretary, Illinois Equal Suffrage Association
• Frances Nacke Noel (1873–1963) – women's labor activist and suffragist
• Mary A. Nolan (died 1925) – one of the oldest suffragists active on NWP picket lines

O

• Eunice Rockwood Oberly (1878–1921) – librarian
• Martha B. O'Donnell (1836–1925), temperance activist, newspaper & magazine editor & publisher; New York state suffragist
• Adelina Otero-Warren (1881–1965) – Congressional Union leader in New Mexico, to be honored on a 2022 American Women quarter.
• Sarah Massey Overton (1850–1914) – women's rights activist and black rights activist

P

• Fanny Purdy Palmer (1839–1923) – secretary, Rhode Island Woman Suffrage Association; author, lecturer, activist
• Maud Wood Park (1871–1955) – founder of the College Equal Suffrage League, co-founder of the Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government (BESAGG); worked for passage of the 19th Amendment
  • Alice Paul (1885–1977) – one of the leaders of the 1910s Women's Voting Rights Movement for the 19th Amendment; founder of the National Woman's Party; initiator of the Silent Sentinels and Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913; author of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment Mary Hutcheson Page (1860–1940) – Member of the Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government, the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and the National Executive Committee of the Congressional Union for Women Suffrage. 1910 President of the National Woman Suffrage Association.
• Millie Lawson Bethell Paxton (1875–1939) – civic leader and suffragist, organizer of the Colored Women's Republican Club of Roanoke, c. 1920
• Mary Gray Peck (1867–1957) – journalist, suffragist, clubwoman
• Sarah Maria Clinton Perkins (1824–1905) — minister, social reformer, editor, author; president, Equal Franchise Club, Cleveland, Ohio
• Juno Frankie Pierce, also known as Frankie Pierce or J. Frankie Pierce (1864–1954) – African-American suffragist^{[80] [81] [82] [83]}
• Helen Pitts (1838–1903) – active in women's rights movement and co-edited The Alpha
• Livia Simpson Poffenbarger (1862–1937) – state director for the women's suffrage campaign in West Virginia
• Anita Pollitzer (1894–1975) – photographer, served as National chairman in the National Woman's Party
• Cora Scott Pond Pope (born 1856), Massachusetts suffragist; teacher, pageant writer, real estate developer
• Alice Sampson Presto (1879–?), Washington state suffragist and politician^[84]
• Amalia Post (1836–1897) – largely instrumental in having the franchise granted women in Wyoming Territory by the 1st Wyoming Territorial Legislature in 1869.^[85]
• Marjorie Merriweather Post (1887–1973) – philanthropist, heiress to the Post Cereal company fortune
• Mary Virginia Proctor (1854–1927) – journalist, philanthropist, Ohio suffragist, temperance activist
• Jennie Phelps Purvis (1831–1924) – writer, temperance reformer; secretary of the California state suffrage association

Q

• H. Anna Quinby (1871–1931), editor-in-chief of the only woman suffrage paper in Ohio owned and controlled by women; president of the paper's publishing company

R

• Jeannette Rankin (1880–1973) – first U.S. female member of Congress (R) Montana. Rankin opened congressional debate on a Constitutional amendment granting universal suffrage to women, and voted for the resolution in 1919, which would become the 19th Amendment.
• Elizabeth Bunnell Read (1832–1909) – published The Mayflower, the only suffrage paper published during the American Civil War;^[86] Vice-president, Indiana State Woman Suffrage Society; President of the Iowa State Woman Suffrage Society^[87]
• Florence Kenyon Hayden Rector (1882–1973) – first licensed female architect in the state of Ohio and the only female architect practicing in central Ohio between 1900 and 1930
• Harriet Redmond (– 1952) – Oregon suffragist
• Anna M. Morrison Reed (1849/50-1921), writer, lecturer; California suffragist
• Rebecca Hourwich Reyher (1897–1987) – author and lecturer^{[88] [89]}
• Naomi Sewell Richardson (1892–1993) – African-American suffragist and educator^[90]
• Florida Ruffin Ridley (1861–1943) – African-American civil rights activist, suffragist, teacher, writer, and editor from Boston
• Belle de Rivera (1848–1943) – clubwoman; president, New York Equal Suffrage League
• Emma Winner Rogers (1855–1922) – treasurer, National American Woman Suffrage Association; also writer, speaker
• Joy Young Rogers (1891–1953) – assistant editor of the Suffragist
• Ellen Alida Rose (born 1843) – Wisconsin agriculturist, suffragist
• Juliet Barrett Rublee (1875–1966) – birth control advocate, suffragist, and film producer^{[91] [92] [93]}
• Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin (1842–1924) – African-American publisher, journalist, civil rights leader, suffragist, and editor
• Ruth Logan Roberts (1891–1968) – suffragist, activist, YWCA leader, and host of a salon in Harlem

S

• Nina Samorodin (1892–1981) – Russian-born NWP member, executive secretary of National Labor Alliance for Trade Relations with and Recognition of Russia, secretary of Women's Trade-Union League
• Margaret Sanger (1879–1966) – birth control activist, sex educator, nurse, established Planned Parenthood Federation of America
• Annie Nowlin Savery (1831–1891) – English-born Iowa suffragist active from the 1860s
• Julia Sears (1840–1929) – pioneering academic and first woman in the US to head a public college, now Minnesota State University
• Florida Scott-Maxwell (1883–1979) – author
• May Wright Sewall (1844–1920) – chairperson of the National Woman's Suffrage Association's executive committee from 1882 to 1890
• Harriette Lucy Robinson Shattuck (1850–1937), president of the National Woman Suffrage Association of Massachusetts
• Anna Howard Shaw (1847–1919) – president of National Women's Suffrage Association from 1904 to 1915
• Mary Shaw (1854–1929) – early feminist, playwright and actress
• Pauline Agassiz Shaw (1841–1917) – co-founder and first president of the Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government
• Lurana W. Sheldon (1862–1945) – writer, editor, suffragist
• Nettie Rogers Shuler (1862–1939) – writer, suffragist
• Jennie Hart Sibley (1846–1917) – Georgia temperance leader, suffragist
• Katherine Call Simonds (1865–1946) – musician, author, suffragist
• Abby Hadassah Smith (1797–1879) – early American suffragist from Connecticut who campaigned for property and voting rights
• Eliza Kennedy Smith, also known as Mrs. R. Templeton Smith (1889–1964) – suffragist, civic activist, and government watchdog in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and president of the Allegheny County League of Women Voters
• Jane Norman Smith (1874–1953) – suffragist and reformer. Chairman of the National Woman's Party from 1927 to 1929.
• Judith Winsor Smith (1821–1921) – president of the East Boston Woman Suffrage League
• May Gorslin Preston Slosson (1858–1943) – educator and first woman to obtain a doctoral degree in philosophy in the United States
• The Smiths of Glastonbury – family of 6 women in Connecticut who were active in championing suffrage, property rights, and education for women
• Louise Southgate, M.D. (1857–1941) – physician and suffragist in Covington, Kentucky, a leader in both the Ohio and the Kentucky Equal Rights Association and an early proponent for women's reproductive health
• Caroline Spencer (1861–1928) – physician and suffragist; inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 2006.
• Delphine Anderson Squires (1868–1961) – journalist, suffragist, and women's advocate in Nevada
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902) – initiator of the Seneca Falls Convention, author of the Declaration of Sentiments, co-founder of National Women's Suffrage Association, major pioneer of women's rights in America.
• Helen Ekin Starrett (1840–1920) – author, journalist, educator, editor, business owner, lecturer, inventor, poet, pioneer suffragist, and one of the two state delegates from the 1869 National Convention to attend the Victory Convention in 1920
• Sarah Burger Stearns (1836–1904) – first president of the Minnesota Woman Suffrage Association
• Rowena Granice Steele (1824–1901) – advocate of woman suffrage, as a speaker and writer
• Doris Stevens (1892–1963) – organizer for National American Women Suffrage Association and the National Woman's Party, prominent Silent Sentinels participant, author of Jailed for Freedom
• Sara Yorke Stevenson (1847–1921) – archaeologist and Egyptologist, active in the Philadelphia suffrage movement
• Jane Agnes Stewart (1860–1944), author, editor; inventor of the first equal rights calendar
• Lucy Stone (1818–1893) – prominent orator, abolitionist, and a vocal advocate and organizer for the rights for women; the main force behind the American Woman Suffrage Association and the Woman's Journal.
• Flora E. Strout (1867–1962) – Maryland delegate at American Woman Suffrage Association conventions
• Beaumelle Sturtevant-Peet (1840–1921) – President, California suffragist and temperance activist
• Adeline Morrison Swain (1820–1899) – first woman to run for public office in Iowa
• Lucy Robbins Messer Switzer (1844–1922) – established the suffrage movement in eastern Washington

T

• Beatrice Sumner Thompson (1874–1938) – African-American suffragist and education advocate
• Helen Taft (1891–1987) – daughter of President William Howard Taft; traveled the nation giving pro-suffrage speeches
• Lydia Taft (1712–1778) – first woman known to legally vote in colonial America
• Minnetta Theodora Taylor (1860–1911) – wrote the lyrics to the National Suffrage Anthem
• Mary Church Terrell (1863–1954) – African-American educator, journalist, and co-founder of the National Association of Colored Women's League
• Adolphine Fletcher Terry (1882–1976) – author, advocate for women's suffrage, education reform and social justice in Arkansas
• Helen Rand Thayer (1863–1935) — member, Advisory Board of the New Hampshire Equal Suffrage Association
• M. Carey Thomas (1857–1935) – educator, linguist, and second President of Bryn Mawr College
• Grace Gallatin Seton Thompson (1872–1959) – author
• Dorothy Thompson (1893–1961) – Buffalo and New York activist, later journalist and radio broadcaster
• Ella St. Clair Thompson (1870–1944)
• Minnie J. Terrell Todd (1844–1929) – Nebraska suffragist
• Elizabeth Richards Tilton (1834–1897) – suffragist, founder of the Brooklyn Women's Club, poetry editor of The Revolution, hellish scandal
• Annie Rensselaer Tinker (1884–1924) – suffragist, volunteer nurse in World War I, and philanthropist
• Augusta Lewis Troup (1848–1920) – women's rights activist and journalist who advocated for equal pay, better working conditions for women, and women's right to vote
• Grace Wilbur Trout (1864–1955) – President of the Illinois Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, spearheaded the 1913 effort granting Illinois women the right to vote
• Sojourner Truth (–1883) – abolitionist, women's rights activist, speaker, gave women's rights speech "Ain't I a Woman?"
• Harriet Tubman (1822–1913) – African-American abolitionist, humanitarian and Union spy during the American Civil War

V

• Lila Meade Valentine (1865–1921) – education and health care reformer, women's rights activist, and the first president of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia
• Narcissa Cox Vanderlip, née Mabel Narcissa Cox (1879–1966) – leading New York suffragist and co-founder of the New York State League of Women Voters^{[94] [95] [96]}
• Amelie Veiller Van Norman (1844–1920), educator; president, Joan of Arc Suffrage League; vice-president, New York County Suffrage League; member, Suffrage Party, New York City
• Mina Van Winkle (1875–1932) – crusading social worker, groundbreaking police lieutenant and national leader in the protection of girls and other women during the law enforcement and judicial process
• Mabel Vernon (1883–1975) – principal member of the Congressional Union for Women Suffrage, major organizer for the Silent Sentinels

W

• Evelyn Wotherspoon Wainwright (1851–1929) – founding member of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage and the National Woman's Party
• Anna C. Wait (1837–1916) – Kansas Equal Suffrage Association
• Sarah E. Wall (1825–1907) – organizer of an anti-tax protest that defended a woman's right not to pay taxation without representation
• Elizabeth Lowe Watson (1842–1927), president, California Equal Suffrage Association
• Emmeline B. Wells (1828–1921) – journalist, editor, poet, women's rights advocate, and diarist
• Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862–1931) – journalist, educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement
• Lilian Welsh (1858–1938) – physician, educator, and advocate for women's health
• Ruza Wenclawska (1889–1977) – factory inspector and trade union organizer
• Marion Craig Wentworth (1872–1942) – playwright
• Nettie L. White (– 1921), president of the District of Columbia Woman Suffrage Association
• Margaret Fay Whittemore (1884–1937) – vice-president of the National Woman's Party 1925
• Emma Howard Wight (1863–1935) – Virginia suffragist; author
• Mary Holloway Wilhite (1831–1892) – physician, philanthropist; woman's suffrage and women's rights leader
• Frances Willard (1839–1898) – leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union and International Council of Women, lecturer, writer
• Louise Collier Willcox (1865–1929) – honorary vice-president of the Virginia Equal Suffrage League
• Maud E. Craig Sampson Williams (1880–1958) – suffragette from Texas; formed the El Paso Negro Woman's Civic and Equal Franchise League
• Ella B. Ensor Wilson (1838–1913), social reformer; Kansas suffragist
• Alice Ames Winter (1865–1944) – litterateur, author, clubwoman, suffragist
• Emma Wold (1871–1950) – president of the College Equal Suffrage Association in Oregon, later headquarters secretary of the National Woman's Party
• Clara Snell Wolfe (1872–1970) – 1st vice-chairman National Woman's Party and chairman Ohio Branch
• Victoria Woodhull (1838–1927) – women's rights activist, first woman to speak before a committee of Congress, first female candidate for President of the United States, one of the first women to start a weekly newspaper (Woodhull & Claflin's Weekly,) activist for labor reforms, advocate of free love

Suffragists by state

A

• List of Alabama suffragists
• List of Alaska suffragists
• List of Arizona suffragists
• List of Arkansas suffragists

C

• List of California suffragists
• List of Colorado suffragists
• List of Connecticut suffragists

D

• List of Delaware suffragists

F

• List of Florida suffragists

G

• List of Georgia (U.S. state) suffragists

H

• List of Hawaii suffragists

I

• LIst of Idaho suffragists
• List of Illinois suffragists
• List of Indiana suffragists
• List of Iowa suffragists

K

• List of Kansas suffragists
• List of Kentucky suffragists

L

• List of Louisiana suffragists

M

• List of Maine suffragists
• List of Maryland suffragists
• List of Massachusetts suffragists
• List of Michigan suffragists
• List of Minnesota suffragists
• List of Mississippi suffragists
• List of Missouri suffragists
• List of Montana suffragists

N

• List of Nebraska suffragists
• List of Nevada suffragists
• List of New Hampshire suffragists
• List of New Jersey suffragists
• List of New Mexico suffragists
• List of New York (state) suffragists
• List of North Carolina suffragists
• List of North Dakota suffragists

O

• List of Ohio suffragists
• List of Oklahoma suffragists
• List of Oregon suffragists

P

• List of Pennsylvania suffragists

R

• List of Rhode Island suffragists

S

• List of South Carolina suffragists
• List of South Dakota suffragists

T

• List of Tennessee suffragists
• List of Texas suffragists

U

• List of Utah suffragists

V

• List of Vermont suffragists
• List of Virginia suffragists

W

• List of Washington (state) suffragists
• List of Washington, D.C. suffragists
• List of West Virginia suffragists
• List of Wisconsin suffragists
• List of Wyoming suffragists

Related lists

• List of African American suffragists

See also

• List of suffragists and suffragettes
• Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States
• Women's suffrage in states of the United States
• Women's suffrage in the United States

References

Sources

• Book: Anthony, Susan B. . Susan B. Anthony . The History of Woman Suffrage . The Hollenbeck Press . 1902 . Anthony . Susan B. . 4 . Indianapolis . Harper . Ida Husted.
• Book: Harper, Ida Husted . Ida Husted Harper . The History of Woman Suffrage . J.J. Little & Ives Company . 1922 . New York.
• Book: Petrash, Antonia . Long Island and the Woman Suffrage Movement . The History Press . 2013 . 9781609497682 . London.
• Book: Stanton . Elizabeth Cady . History of Woman Suffrage . Anthony . Susan B. . Gage . Matilda Joslyn . Susan B. Anthony . 1889.
• Book: American Women: Fifteen Hundred Biographies with over 1,400 Portraits . Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick . Willard . Frances E. . Revised . New York . 1897 . en . Livermore . Mary A..

Notes and References

1. Web site: Henry Browne Blackwell . 2024-07-31 . Colorado Encyclopedia.
2. Neuman . Johanna . July 2017 . Who Won Women's Suffrage? A Case for 'Mere Men' . The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era . en . 16 . 3 . 347–367 . 10.1017/S1537781417000081 . 1537-7814 . free.
3. Web site: Knight . R. Cecilia . Adams, Mary Newbury (or Newberry) . University of Iowa . 15 January 2018.
4. Web site: Woman Suffrage . 2024-07-25 . National History Day: Conflict and Compromise · Jane Addams Digital Edition.
5. News: Miss Edith Ainge, of Jamestown, New York, the first delegate to the convention of the National Woman's Party to arrive at Woman's Party headquarters in Washington, Miss Ainge is holding the New York state banner which will be carried by New York's delegation of 68 women at the conven. The Library of Congress. 31 July 2018. en.
6. Web site: Timeline – Making Women's History. www.sunyjcc.edu. en-US. 31 July 2018. 31 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180731213104/https://www.sunyjcc.edu/womenshistory/suffragemovement/timeline/. dead.
7. Web site: Edith Ainge Turning Point Suffragist Memorial. suffragistmemorial.org. 9 July 2017. en-US. 31 July 2018.
8. Web site: Nina Allender . 2024-07-31 . U.S. National Park Service . en.
9. Web site: African American Women Leaders in the Suffrage Movement . 2023-03-22 . Turning Point Suffragist Memorial . en-US.
10. News: Senators to Vote on Suffrage Today; Fate of Susan B. Anthony Amendment Hangs in Balance on Eve of Final Test. New York Times. 26 September 1918.
11. Web site: Annie Arniel (1870-1924) . 2024-07-31 . Turning Point Suffragist Memorial . en-US.
12. Web site: A Noble Endeavor: Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Suffrage . 2024-07-31 . U.S. National Park Service . en.
13. Lassalle . Beatriz . September 1949 . Biografía de Rosario Bellber González Por la Profesora Beatriz Lassalle . Spanish . Revista, Volume 8, Issue 5 . La Asociación de Maestros de Puerto Rico . 149, 158.
14. Encyclopedia: Quién es Quién en Puerto Rico . Diccionario Biográfico De Record Personal . Third edition 1941–42. Spanish . Asenjo. Conrado . San Juan, Puerto Rico . Cantero Fernández & Co. . 33 . 1942.
15. Web site: Rosario Bellber González: maestra, sufragista y espiritista kardeciana Sandra A. Enríquez Seiders . Spanish . Revista Cruce. 15 March 2019. 19 April 2022.
16. Book: Krüger Torres, Lola. 1975 . Enciclopedia Grandes Mujeres de Puerto Rico, Vol. IV . Spanish . Hato Rey, Puerto Rico . Ramallo Bros. Printing, Inc. . 273–274.
17. Web site: Benefactor Selected Leaders of the National Woman's Party Articles and Essays Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman's Party . 2024-07-31 . Library of Congress.
18. Web site: Boulder Daily Camera, Volume 25, Number 120, August 4, 1915 . 30 July 2024 . Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection.
19. Web site: Alice Stone Blackwell . 2024-07-31 . U.S. National Park Service . en.
20. Web site: Antoinette Brown Blackwell . 2024-07-31 . Oberlin College.
21. Web site: Lillie Devereux Blake - . 2024-07-31 . Archives of Women's Political Communication . en.
22. Web site: Harriot Stanton Blatch '1878 . 2024-07-31 . Vassar Encyclopedia . en.
23. Web site: 2016-08-15 . Petition of Amelia Bloomer Regarding Suffrage in the West . 2024-07-31 . National Archives . en.
24. Lynch . Ashley . Biography of Marietta Bones, 1842-1901 . Biographical Database of NAWSA Woman Suffragists, 1890-1920 . Alexander Street.
25. Web site: Wirth . Thomas . Nuzzi . Joseph . Biographical Sketch of Helen Varick Boswell . 31 July 2024 . Biographical Database of NAWSA Suffragists, 1890-1920 . Alexander Street Documents.
26. Web site: Lucy Gwynne Branham (1892 – 1966) . 2024-08-01 . Turning Point Suffragist Memorial . en-US.
27. Web site: Olympia Brown . 2024-08-01 . St. Lawrence University . en.
28. Web site: Lucy Burns . 2024-08-01 . U.S. National Park Service . en.
29. Oaks . Jodi . Biography of Jennie Curtis (Mrs. Henry W.) Cannon, 1851-1929 . Biographical Database of NAWSA Suffragists, 1890–1920 . Alexander Street.
30. Biography of Marion Hamilton Carter, 1865-1937 . Biographical Database of NAWSA Suffragists, 1890-1920 . Alexander Street.
31. Web site: Iowans in the Suffrage Movement . 1 August 2024 . Greater Des Moines Partnership.
32. News: Scutts . Joanna . 2014-03-07 . 'The Scarlet Sisters: Sex, Suffrage and Scandal in Gilded Age' by Myra MacPherson . 2 August 2024 . The Washington Post . en-US . 0190-8286.
33. Web site: Roe . Amy . Laura Clay (1849 – 1941) . 2024-08-02 . Explore Kentucky History . en.
34. Hollingsworth . Randolph . Biography of Mary Barr Clay, 1839-1924 . Biographical Database of NAWSA Suffragists, 1890-1920 . Alexander Street.
35. Web site: Thomas . Beth . Suffrage – Bristol . 2024-08-03 . Ontario County Historical Society . en-US.
36. Book: Gordon . Ann D. . The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: An Awful Hush, 1895 to 1906 . 2013 . Rutgers University Press . 9780813553450 . 204.
37. News: February 16, 1898 . Women Plead for Equal Suffrage . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220416/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34631979/women_plead_for_equal_suffrage/ . August 6, 2019 . 3 August 2024 . The Times . Philadelphia, PA . 3 . Newspapers.com.
38. Book: Leonard . John W. . https://books.google.com/books?id=COsLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA485 . Woman's Who's who of America . 1914 . American Commonwealth Company . 485 . en . LEGGETT, Mary Lydia . 25 April 2024.
39. Web site: Ida A. Craft, Brooklyn's Suffrage Pioneer . 2022-12-28 . Kingsborough Art Museum . en-US.
40. Web site: "Millions of women await your next message, Mr. President": The Fight for Women's Suffrage in Letters to President Wilson . 2024-08-03 . Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.
41. Web site: Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis . 3 August 2024 . Encyclopædia Britannica.
42. Mari Jo Buhle, "Rheta Childe Dorr," in John D. Buenker and Edward R. Kantowicz (eds.), Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era, 1890-1920. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1988; pg. 119.
43. Web site: Frederick Douglass: A 'Radical Woman Suffrage Man' . 2024-08-05 . U.S. National Park Service . en.
44. Web site: Lewis . Jone Johnson . Biography of Crystal Eastman, Feminist, Civil Libertarian, Pacifist . 5 August 2024 . ThoughtCo . en.
45. Web site: DETAILED CHRONOLOGY NATIONAL WOMAN'S PARTY HISTORY . Library of Congress American Memory.
46. Web site: Rounsville . Sarah . Elizabeth P. Ensley: Suffragette and African American Women's Club Leader . 6 August 2024 . Intermountain Histories.
47. Web site: Brubaker . Jana . Biographical Sketch of Elizabeth Glendower Evans . 6 August 2024 . Biographical Database of Militant Women Suffragists . Alexander Street Documents.
48. Web site: Janet Ayer Fairbank . subscription . 6 August 2024 . Oxford Reference . Oxford University Press . en.
49. Web site: Bensley . Lucas . 2020-03-01 . Suffer Not the Rain: The 1916 Suffrage Parade in Chicago . 2020-10-30 . Suffrage 2020 Illinois . en.
50. Web site: L.F.Feickert . Njwomenshistory.orgpx . 15 August 2012 . unfit . https://web.archive.org/web/20120314061739/http://www.njwomenshistory.org/Period_4/lffeickert.htm . 14 March 2012 .
51. News: 16 November 1914 . SINGLE TAX ADVOCATE ATTEND CONVENTION . 7 August 2024 . The Tennessean . 2 . en . Newspapers.com.
52. News: 22 December 1914 . MARY FELS, WIDOW OF SOAP KING, DECLARES SINGLE TAX IS SOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL WAR . 7 August 2024 . St. Louis Globe-Democrat . 1 . en . Newspapers.com.
53. Web site: Barnes . Tim . Sara Bard Field (1882-1974) . 2024-08-07 . Oregon Encyclopedia . en.
54. Web site: Foley, Margaret, 1875-1957. Papers of Margaret Foley, 1847-1968 . 7 August 2024 . Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America.
55. Web site: TSHA | Folsom, Mariana Thompson.
56. Web site: 2019-08-05 . 1911-1916: Media Stunts for Suffrage . 2024-08-07 . Elisabeth Freeman . en-US.
57. Daily . Andrew . Brooks . Eric . Rees . Nathan . Biography of Antoinette Funk, 1869-1941 . Biographical Database of NAWSA Suffragists, 1890-1920 . Alexander Street.
58. Web site: Shelley . Jim . 2017-03-24 . Activist Matilda Josyln Gage . 2024-08-07 . The Woodstock Whisperer . en-US.
59. Web site: Mount Airy: Home of Helen Hoy Greeley . Piedmont Virginia Digital History: The Land Between the Rivers . 7 February 1913 . 9 July 2018.
60. Web site: Helen Hoy Greeley Collected Papers (CDG-A), Swarthmore College Peace Collection . Swarthmore Home . 21 August 2015 . 9 July 2018 . 23 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160423175148/http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/CDGA.A-L/greeleyhh.html . dead .
61. Web site: Melder . Keith . Griffing, Josephine Sophia White (Dec. 18, 1814-Feb. 18, 1872) . 1 November 2013 . Notable American Women: 1607–1950 . Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971.
62. Web site: Biography: Sarah Moore Grimké . 2024-08-08 . National Women's History Museum . en.
63. Web site: Ida Husted Harper . 2024-08-09 . Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame . en-US.
64. Web site: fdrlibrary . 2020-04-22 . Florence Harriman, Diplomat . 2024-08-09 . Forward with Roosevelt . en-US.
65. News: Seligman . Edna . Longshoremen Interested in The Suffrage Question . 22.
66. Web site: Poletika . Nicole . 2022-01-27 . 'A Hundred Years From Now—What?:' Mary Garrett Hay Predicts Life in 2022 . 2024-08-09 . The Indiana History Blog . en-US.
67. Web site: Elsie Hill Congressional Union of Woman Suffrage . 2024-08-19 . American Civil War.com.
68. Web site: Helena Hill Weed, Norwalk, Conn. Serving 3 day sentence in D.C. prison for carrying banner, "Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed." . 2024-08-19 . Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.
69. News: Denise Grady . Honoring Female Pioneers in Science . Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi, born in 1842 in London, grew up in New York and began publishing short stories at 17. But what she really wanted was to be a doctor. ... . . 11 November 2013 . 14 December 2014 .
70. Book: Unbound Feet: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco . registration . University of California Press . . 1995.
71. News: Long Beach Women in Historic Campaign . 19 January 2024 . Press-Telegram . Newspapers.com . 24 December 1922 . 51.
72. "Lucy Kennedy Miller Fund." Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh Daily Post, 12 December 1919, p. 5.
73. "Valiant Women of the Vote: Refusing to be Silenced," in "Women's History Month." Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Senate, retrieved online 9 July 2021.
74. Elizabeth Marlin: The First Female Voter in Jefferson County. 10.5325/pennhistory.87.3.0540. 10.5325/pennhistory.87.3.0540. 2020. Johnstone. Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies. 87. 3. 540–545. 226718342.
75. "Services For Mrs. Dudley To Be Held Thursday". Nashville Banner. 14 September 1955.
76. Anastatia Sims (1998). "Woman Suffrage Movement". In Carroll Van West. Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Tennessee Historical Society. .
77. Book: Stanton . Elizabeth Cady . Anthony . Susan Brownell . Gage . Matilda Joslyn . Harper . Ida Husted . History of Woman Suffrage: 1900–1920 . 1922 . Fowler & Wells . 36, 47.
78. News: 1895-08-26. The Champion Orator. Orleans County Monitor. 2019-10-21. 2376-8401.
79. Daggett, Windsor. A Down-East Yankee From the District of Maine. A.J. Huston, 1920. p. 30
80. The African-American history of Nashville, Tennessee, 1780–1930: elites and dilemmas, by Bobby L. Lovett, University of Arkansas Press, 1999, p. 232
81. Book: Tennessee Through Time, The Later Years. 2007. Gibbs Smith. 978-1-58685-806-3. 174–.
82. Web site: Black History Month: J. Frankie Pierce founded school for girls | The Tennessean | tennessean.com . Archive.tennessean.com . 14 February 2014 . 7 September 2015 .
83. Web site: Frankie Pierce & the Tennessee Vocational School for Colored Girls . Ww2.tnstate.edu . 7 September 2015.
84. Web site: Biographical Sketch of Alice S. Presto. 2022-05-14 . Alexander Street, part of Clarivate.
85. News: Prominent Woman Suffragist . 22 April 2021 . St. Louis Globe-Democrat . Newspapers.com . 29 January 1897 . 6 . en.
86. Book: American journalism . 1983 . American Journalism Historians Association . Conway, AR . 2 . 23 March 2024.
87. Book: Willard . Frances Elizabeth . Frances Willard . Livermore . Mary Ashton Rice . Mary Livermore . A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life . 1893 . . Wikisource . 600–01 . READ, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Bunnell . 23 March 2024.
88. Web site: Rebecca Hourwich Reyher – Feminist Press . Feministpress.org . 21 September 2016 . 3 January 2019.
89. Web site: Revecca H. Reuther – The New York Times . . 13 January 1987 . 3 January 2019.
90. Web site: Biographical Sketch of Naomi Sewell Richardson . . 2018 . Carson . Tabitha . Northern . Yasmine . Rollins . Perrye . Bowler . Lauryn . Parker . Skylar . Davis . Lundyn . 17 November 2022.
91. Web site: Juliet Barrett Rublee Papers, 1917–1955: Biographical and Historical Note . Asteria.fivecolleges.edu . 5 March 2018 . 19 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150919180755/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss285_bioghist.html . dead .
92. Web site: Mrs. Juliet Barrett Rublee, Grand Marshal of the procession organized by the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage which on May 9th, 1914 marched to the Capitol to present resolutions gathered in all parts of the United States calling on Congress to take favorable action on the National Woman Suffr | Library of Congress . Loc.gov . 5 March 2018.
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95. Web site: Narcissa Cox Vanderlip (1879–1966) . .gwu.edu . 31 December 2018.
96. Book: Cheever, Mary. The Changing Landscape: A History of Briarcliff Manor-Scarborough. 1990. Phoenix Publishing. West Kennebunk, Maine. 0-914659-49-9. 22274920.