List of American railroad accidents explained

This is a list of the most serious U.S. rail-related accidents (excluding intentional acts such as the 1939 City of San Francisco derailment).

19th century

1830s

• 1833 Hightstown rail accident, Hightstown, New Jersey; two killed plus 15 injured. Earliest recorded train accident involving the death of passengers.^[1]
• 1837 Suffolk head-on collision, Suffolk, Virginia; 3 killed plus dozens injured. Later in the year, a second accident resulted in ten injuries, with two of them ultimately dying.^[2]

1850s

• 1853 Greater Grand Crossing rail collision, Grand Crossing (now Chicago), Illinois; 18 killed plus 40 injured. Eventually led to massive triple level grade separation project on Chicago's South Side^[3]
• 1853 Norwalk rail accident, Norwalk, Connecticut; 48 killed plus 30 injured. First movable bridge disaster in U.S. history and Connecticut's deadliest rail disaster to date^[4]
• 1853 Providence and Worcester head-on collision, Valley Falls, Rhode Island; 14 killed plus 17 injured. Rhode Island's deadliest rail disaster is also the first known to be photographed^[5]
• 1855 Gasconade Bridge train disaster, Gasconade, Missouri; 35+ killed plus hundreds injured. First deadly rail bridge collapse in U.S. history^{[6] [7]}
• 1856 Great Train Wreck of 1856, Whitemarsh Township, Pennsylvania; 60+ killed plus 100+ injured. Encouraged busier railroads in the Eastern U.S. to double track lines; also led to mandatory use of telegraph in cases of delays^[8]
• 1859 South Bend train wreck, Mishawaka/South Bend, Indiana; 42 killed plus 50 injured^{[9] [10]}

1860s

• 1863 Chunky Creek Train Wreck, Hickory, Mississippi; ~75 killed plus ~25 injured. All but one of the dead were Confederate reinforcements headed for Vicksburg, with the disaster--Mississippi's deadliest rail disaster to date--further hindering the city's defenses against Union forces^[11]
• 1864 Shohola train wreck, Shohola Township, Pennsylvania; ~65 killed plus many more injured. One of the trains was carrying Confederate POWs and Union guards, and citizens of Shohola and nearby Barryville, New York, treated the wounded 'without regard to the colour of their uniforms'^[12]
• 1867 Angola Horror, Angola, New York; 49 killed. Led to the standardization of track gauges in the U.S., as well as advancements in coach brake and heating systems. Deadliest train wreck in New York outside New York City.^[13]

1870s

• 1871 Wappinger Creek trestle disaster, New Hamburg, New York; 22 confirmed killed plus scores unaccounted for. May have a higher number of missing victims than any other U.S. rail disaster to date^{[14] [15] [16]}
• 1871 Great Revere train wreck, Revere, Massachusetts; ~30 killed. Victims' and families' crippling lawsuits against the company at fault—the Eastern Railroad—led to its forced merger with arch rival, the Boston & Maine^[17]
• 1876 Ashtabula River Railroad Disaster, Ashtabula/Edgewood, Ohio; 92 killed plus 64 injured. The deadliest U.S. rail disaster of the 19th century--also Ohio's deadliest to date--led to changes in bridge construction code, the replacement of coal and wood stoves with steam heat in coaches, and mandatory federal investigation of all U.S. rail disasters^[18]
• 1877 Pickering Valley wreck, Kimberton, Pennsylvania; 7 killed plus dozens injured. Led Pennsylvania's Supreme Court to formulate a rule that when a railroad accepts money from passengers, an implied contract of care upon the part of the company arises; thus negligence is presumed on the part of the railroad if a passenger is injured^[19]
• 1878 Tariffville train crash, Tariffville, Connecticut; 13 killed plus 70+ injured. Death toll might have been worse if not for what was possibly the first emergency phone call in history^[20]
• 1878 Wollaston disaster, Quincy, Massachusetts; 19 killed and 170 injured^[21]

1880s

• 1882 Spuyten Duyvil train wreck, Bronx, New York; eight killed and 19 injured. The dead included state senator Webster Wagner, crushed between two sleeper cars built by his company.^[22]
• 1883 Tehachapi train wreck, Tehachapi, California; 15 killed plus 12 injured. Fatalities included a former congressman and the wife of a former governor, who himself was injured^[23]
• 1886 Deerfield railway accident, Deerfield, Massachusetts; 11 killed and 36 injured.^[24]
• 1886 Silver Creek train wreck, Silver Creek, New York; ~15 killed plus ~15 injured^[25]
• 1887 West Hartford Bridge Disaster, Hartford, Vermont, 37 killed plus 50 injured. Vermont's deadliest rail disaster^[26]
• 1887 Forest Hills disaster, Boston, Massachusetts; 38 killed plus 40 injured. Possibly the first known U.S. rail disaster to result from fraud^[27]
• 1887 Great Chatsworth Train Wreck, Chatsworth Township, Illinois; ~85 killed plus hundreds injured. Illinois's deadliest rail disaster to date widely encouraged the use of newer steel coaches over conventional wooden ones^[28]
• 1887 Chicago and Atlantic Railway Wreck, Kouts, Indiana; 10 killed^[29]
• 1888 Wreck at the Fat Nancy, Orange County, Virginia; nine killed plus 26 injured. One of the dead was a civil engineer who designed a proposed culvert to replace the unstable trestle that collapsed^[30]
• 1888 Mud Run disaster, Kidder Township, Pennsylvania; 64 killed plus 50 injured. Devastated a generation of the local Irish-American communities^[31]

1890s

• 1890 Quincy train wreck, Quincy, Massachusetts; 23 killed plus 29 injured^[32]
• 1891 Great Kipton Train Wreck, Kipton, Ohio; 9 killed. Led to the adoption of stringent quality-control standards for railroad chronometers^{[33] [34]}
• 1891 Bostian's Bridge train disaster, Statesville, North Carolina; 25-30 killed plus 25-30 injured. Several incidents of individuals reportedly hearing wails and moans at this location on the anniversary of the disaster have made Bostian's Bridge popular with paranormal activists^[35]
• 1891 Great East Thompson Train Wreck, East Thompson, Connecticut; 2 killed plus hundreds injured. First of only two U.S. rail disasters to involve four different trains^{[36] [37]}
• 1893 Chester train wreck, Chester, Massachusetts; At least 14 killed^[38]
• 1893 Battle Creek train wreck, Battle Creek, Michigan; 26 killed^[39]
• 1896 Atlantic City rail crash, Atlantic City, New Jersey; 50 killed plus ~60 injured^[40]
• 1897 Garrison train crash, Garrison, New York; 19 killed. Encouraged increases in track inspections^[41]

20th century

1900s

• 1900 Casey Jones's final run, Vaughan, Mississippi; 1 killed (Jones); everyone else escaped with varying degrees of injury. Inspired several different ballads about the incident^{[42] [43]}
• 1900 Camp Creek train wreck, McDonough, Georgia; 39 killed. Bodies of many dead were brought to McDonough Town Square for identification; local folklore claims this has resulted in it being haunted ever since^[44]
• 1900 Tacoma Streetcar Disaster, Tacoma, Washington; 43 killed plus 65 injured^[45]
• 1901 Buffalo Bill Show train wreck, Lexington, North Carolina; no human deaths but well over 100 show animals killed. This likely led to the demise of "Buffalo Bill" Cody's Wild West Show Tours.^[46]
• 1902 Park Avenue Tunnel (railroad) collision, New York City; 15 killed plus 30+ injured. Led to the construction of the current Grand Central Terminal and electrification of all rail lines in New York City^{[47] [48] [49]}
• 1902 Mountain Lake (New York) railroad wreck, Gloversville, New York; 14 killed. The little electric railroad known for its scenic tourism never recovered and was eventually removed altogether^{[50] [51]}
• 1903 Esmond Train Wreck, Esmond, Arizona; 14 killed. Remains Arizona's deadliest rail disaster to date^[52]
• 1903 Wreck of the Old 97, Danville, Virginia; 11 killed. What is possibly Virginia's deadliest rail disaster to date inspired the famous ballad of the same name sung by many famous musicians^{[53] [54]}
• 1903 Purdue Wreck, Indianapolis, Indiana; 17 killed. Devastated Purdue University's Football team for the year, who are honored before every game to this day.^{[55] [56]}
• 1903 Connellsville train wreck, Connellsville, Pennsylvania; 64 killed plus 68 injured^[57]
• 1904 Jackson rail disaster, Jackson, Utah; 30+ killed. Most of town was leveled altogether^[58]
• 1904 Eden train wreck, Pueblo, Colorado; 88 confirmed killed plus scores missing. Colorado's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[59] [60]}
• 1904 New Market train wreck, New Market, Tennessee; 60+ killed plus 100+ injured^{[61] [62]}
• 1905 Ninth Avenue derailment, New York City; 13 killed plus 48 injured. Deadliest accident on New York's elevated railways^[63]
• 1905 Baker Bridge train wreck, Lincoln, Massachusetts; 17 killed plus 33 injured. Led RR commission to encourage railroads and street railways where trains or cars followed each other in quick succession to implement a signalling block system^[64]
• 1906 Cimarron River bridge disaster, Dover, Oklahoma; 4 confirmed fatalities plus scores unaccounted for^[65]
• 1906 Atlantic City train wreck, Atlantic City, New Jersey; 53 killed. Resulted in what is likely the first known press release by a private entity^[66]
• 1906 Woodville Train Wreck, Porter County, Indiana; at least 48 confirmed killed plus many missing and at least 81 confirmed injured^[67]
• 1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck

53 killed plus 70 injured. Led to a complete U.S. ban on wooden coach construction; the accident is notoriously described in Frank Kuntz's book Undergraduate Days 1904-1908^[68]

• 1907 Southern Pacific Sunset Express derailment, Colton, California; 24 killed^[69]
• 1907 Pere Marquette Railway wreck, Salem, Michigan; 31 killed plus 101 injured. Michigan's deadliest rail disaster^[70]
• 1907 Boston & Maine collision, Canaan, New Hampshire; 25 killed plus 25 injured. New Hampshire's deadliest rail disaster to date^[71]
• 1908 Metz Fire and derailment, Metz Township, Michigan; 26 killed^{[72] [73]}
• 1909 The Chicago Lake Shore and South Bend Railway wreck, Porter County, Indiana; 12-14 killed plus ~40 injured^[74]
• 1909 Southern Railway derailment, Reedy Fork threstle, North Carolina; 14 killed plus 25 injured^[75]

1910s

• 1910 FW&WV (Indiana Railroad) collision, Kingsland, Indiana; 35-40 killed. Worst interurban Trolley disaster in U.S history^{[76] [77]}
• 1910 Wellington avalanche, Wellington, Washington; 96 killed. The worst avalanche in U.S. history destroyed two trains and a rail depot^{[78] [79]}
• 1910 Green Mountain train wreck, Green Mountain, Iowa; 52 killed plus scores injured. Remains the state of Iowa's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[80] [81]}
• 1910 Grand Trunk collision, Durand, Michigan; 18+ killed^[82]
• 1911 Indianola train wreck, McCook, Nebraska; 18 killed plus 32 injured. Nebraska's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[83] [84]}
• 1911 Federal Express (train) wreck, Bridgeport, Connecticut; 14 killed. Train was transporting the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team^{[85] [86]}
• 1912 Corning train wreck, Corning (Gibson), New York; 39 killed plus 88 injured. Strongly encouraged use of automatic block signaling and led to mandatory use of steel coaches for high speed passenger rail service^[87]
• 1912 Ligonier Valley Railroad Wilpen disaster, Wilpen Fairgrounds, Pennsylvania; 26 killed plus 29 injured^{[88] [89]}
• 1913 Bar Harbor Express-White Mountain Express collision, New Haven, Connecticut; 21 killed^[90]
• 1914 Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad/Kansas City Southern Railway collision, Tipton Ford, Missouri; 43 killed plus 38 injured. Possibly Missouri's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[91] [92]}
• 1916 Summer Street Bridge disaster, Boston, Massachusetts; 46 killed. Deadliest disaster in Boston's history up to that point and still remains the city's deadliest transport-oriented disaster.
• 1917 Frisco collision, Kellyville, Oklahoma; 23 killed along with many cattle plus 80 injured. Remains the state of Oklahoma's deadliest rail disaster to date^[93]
• 1917 Shepherdsville train wreck, Shepherdsville, Kentucky; ~50 killed. Remains the state of Kentucky's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[94] [95]}
• 1918 Hammond Circus Train Wreck, Gary/Hammond, Indiana; 86 killed plus 127 injured. Remains Indiana's deadliest rail disaster to date^[96]
• 1918 Great train wreck of 1918, Nashville, Tennessee; 101 killed plus 171 injured. Officially the deadliest U.S. rail disaster to date^{[97] [98]}
• 1918 Malbone Street Wreck, New York City; 95-100 killed plus 100+ injured. Remains the deadliest rail disaster in the History of New York state and the New York City Subway^{[99] [100]}
• 1919 New York Central collision, Byron, New York; 22 killed^{[101] [102]}
• 1919 Onawa train wreck, Onawa, Maine; 23 killed plus 50 injured. Maine's deadliest rail disaster to date^[103]

1920s

• 1920 Globeville, Colorado Labor Day Denver & Interurban disaster. Twelve dead, 200+ injured, which included many Louisville baseball fans.^{[104] [105] [106]}
• 1921 Porter Train Wreck, Porter, Indiana; 37 killed plus 100+ injured. Eventually led to the requirement of cab signaling in the U.S.^[107]
• 1921 Bryn Athyn Train Wreck, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania; 27 killed plus 70 injured^[108]
• 1922 Winslow Junction train derailment, Winslow Junction, New Jersey; 7 killed plus 89 injured^[109]
• 1922 Missouri Pacific collision, Sulphur Springs, Missouri; 34 killed plus 150 injured^{[110] [111]}
• 1923 Glenrock train wreck, Glenrock, Wyoming; 30 killed plus 66 injured. Remains the state of Wyoming's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[112] [113]}
• 1925 Rockport train wreck, Rockport, New Jersey; ~45 killed plus ~25 injured^[114]
• 1925 Granite train wreck, Granite, Colorado; 2 killed plus 107 injured^[115]
• 1925 Frisco derailment, Victoria, Marshall County, Mississippi; ~20 killed^{[116] [117]}
• 1926 Granite train wreck, Granite, Colorado; ~30 killed plus 54 injured^[118]
• 1926 Ponce de Leon (train)/Royal Palm (train) collision, Rockmart, Georgia; 19 killed plus 113 injured. Inspired the song "The Wreck of the Royal Palm"^[119]
• 1928 Times Square derailment, New York City; 18 killed plus ~100 injured^{[120] [121] [122]}

1930s

• 1938 Custer Creek train wreck, Saugus, Montana; 47 killed plus 75 injured. Remains the state of Montana's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[123] [124]}
• 1938 South Jordan rail crossing disaster, South Jordan, Utah; 24 killed plus 15 injured. Led to state and eventually federal law requiring the practice of school buses stopping to look and listen for trains at grade crossings^[125]

1940s

• 1940 Little Falls Gulf Curve crash, Little Falls, New York; 31 killed plus 51 injured. Led to a realignment to reduce the angle of the curve, which required diverting the Mohawk River farther south and filling in the old channel^{[126] [127]}
• 1940 Doodlebug disaster, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio; 43 killed^{[128] [129]}
• 1942 Exchange Place station (PATH) derailment, Jersey City, New Jersey; 5 killed plus hundreds injured^[130]
• 1943 Lackawanna Limited wreck, Wayland, New York; 29 killed plus 114 injured. Led the Public Service Commission to order the DL&W to install derailing devices as an added safety measure on most sidings connecting to the main lines^{[131] [132]}
• 1943 Frankford Junction train wreck, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 79 killed plus 117 injured. Pennsylvania's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[133] [134]}
• 1943 Rennert railroad accident, Rennert, North Carolina; 74 killed. North Carolina's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[135] [136] [137]}
• 1944 Stockton train wreck, Stockton, Georgia; 47 killed plus 41 injured. State of Georgia's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[138] [139]}
• 1944 "Tragedy on Election Day", Aguadilla, Puerto Rico; 16 killed plus 50 injured. Puerto Rico's deadliest rail disaster to date^[140]
• 1944 Bagley train wreck, Bagley, Utah; ~50 killed plus 79 injured. Utah's deadliest rail disaster to date^[141]
• 1945 Michigan train wreck, Michigan, North Dakota; 34 killed plus hundreds injured. North Dakota's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[142] [143]}
• 1945 California Limited derailment, Santa Anita, California; 5 killed plus hundreds injured^[144]
• 1946 Naperville train disaster, Naperville, Illinois; 45 killed plus 125 injured. Eventually convinced the Interstate Commerce Commission to rule that trains traveling 80 mph or more must have "an automatic cab signal, automatic train stop or automatic train control system". (Positive Train Control has since been added as an option to the rule post-ICC)^{[145] [146] [147]}
• 1947 Downers Grove train wreck, Downers Grove, Illinois; 3 killed plus 30 injured^{[148] [149]}

1950s

• 1950 Rockville Centre train crash, Rockville Centre, New York; 32 killed plus 100+ injured. This along with the Kew Gardens crash pushed LIRR ownership (PRR) to speed up modernization of the system^{[150] [151]}
• 1950 Chicago streetcar crash, Chicago, Illinois; 34 killed plus 50 injured. Led to various safety regulations for transit vehicles, most notably the phasing out of inward-opening doors^[152]
• 1950 The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company Rapid Transit & Speedrail Crash, Greenfield, Wisconsin; 8 killed plus 40 injured. Crash ultimately doomed Wisconsin's only rapid transit line^[153]
• 1950 Kew Gardens train crash, New York City; 78 killed plus hundreds injured in deadliest surface rail accident in New York.^[154]
• 1951 Woodbridge train wreck, Woodbridge, New Jersey; ~85 killed plus hundreds injured. New Jersey's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[155] [156]}
• 1953 Pennsylvania Railroad train wreck, Washington, D.C.; 0 killed but 44 injured; served as inspiration for the ending of Silver Streak (film)
• 1953 New York Central Railroad Accident, Conneaut, Ohio; 21 killed plus 49 injured. The second of only two U.S. rail disasters to involve four trains^[157]
• 1955 Spring City School bus-train collision, Spring City, Tennessee; 11 killed plus many injured^{[158] [159]}
• 1956 Redondo Junction train wreck, Los Angeles, California; 30 killed plus 117 injured. California's deadliest rail disaster (not involving an automobile) was one of the first to have its aftermath broadcast live^{[160] [161] [162]}
• 1956 Collision of the Chief (train), Springer, New Mexico; 20 killed plus 35 injured. New Mexico's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[163] [164]}
• Great Train Wreck of 1956. Four killed in a head-on collision of freights near Pineola, Florida. Collision may have been averted had crews agreed to use new radios but refused to unless their pay was increased^[165]
• 1958 Newark Bay rail accident, Bayonne, New Jersey; 48 killed plus 48 injured^{[166] [167]}
• 1959 Meldrim trestle disaster, Meldrim, Georgia; 23 killed^{[168] [169]}

1960s

• 1960 San Francisco Chief Disaster, Bakersfield, California; 17 killed plus ~60 injured^[170]
• 1961 City of Denver-schoolbus collision, Auburn, Colorado; 20 killed plus 16 injured. Remains Colorado's deadliest traffic accident to date^{[171] [172]}
• 1962 Steelton train derailment, Steelton, Pennsylvania; 19 killed plus 120+ injured^{[173] [174] [175]}
• 1963 Chualar bus crash, Chualar, California; 32 killed plus 25 injured. Remains the deadliest U.S. traffic accident to date and California's deadliest to involve a train; also one of a series of events that led to closer scrutiny of migrant labor conditions and fueled the emergence of the chicano and farmworkers labor movements^{[176] [177]}
• 1966 Everett, Massachusetts train crash, Everett, Massachusetts; 13 killed plus 21 injured. Led to further pressure from government officials to phase out any equipment with inward opening doors and lacking emergency exits plus demand to trucks carrying hazardous materials use "designated crossings" only^{[178] [179]}
• 1969 New Canaan Branch collision, Darien, Connecticut; 4 killed plus 40 injured^{[180] [181]}

1970s

• 1971 Salem, Illinois, derailment

11 killed plus 163 injured. Led the NTSB to recommended improvements in wheel-slip detection devices for locomotives and in pre-departure testing procedures, and that the FRA draft safety standards to address the ejection of passengers through windows in the event of accidents^{[182] [183] [184]}

• 1972 Gilchrest Road, New York crossing accident; 5 killed plus 46 injured. Led the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles to require all bus drivers complete a certain amount of requirements to qualify for driving^{[185] [186]}
• 1972 Chicago commuter rail crash, Chicago, Illinois; 45 killed plus hundreds injured^{[187] [188] [189]}
• 1973 Littlefield, Texas bus/train crash; 7 killed plus 16 injured^{[190] [191]}
• 1974 Decatur tank car explosion, Decatur, Illinois; 7 killed plus hundreds injured^{[192] [193]}
• 1976 1976 Beckemeyer train accident, 12 killed and four injured.
• 1976 New Canaan Branch collision, New Canaan, Connecticut; 2 killed plus 29 injured^[194]
• 1977 Chicago Loop derailment, Chicago, Illinois; 11 killed plus 180+ injured. Led the CTA to forbid motormen to proceed past a red signal "on sight" without first getting permission from the Control Center^{[195] [196]}
• 1978 Waverly, Tennessee, tank car explosion; 16 killed plus 43 injured. Resulted in a major rework of how authorities deal with such hazmat disasters, with Tennessee/TOCD creating a set of standards and the Tennessee Hazardous Materials Institute for training hazmat responders; was also one of the events that helped push the establishment of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)^{[197] [198] [199]}
• 1979 Southwest Limited (predecessor to the Southwest Chief) derailment, Lawrence, Kansas; 2 killed plus 69 injured^{[200] [201]}
• 1979 Harvey, Illinois train collision; 2 killed plus 38 injured. Revealed grave deficiencies in railroad operations that had subsided in the US by the late 1970s^{[202] [203]}
• 1979 Philadelphia Conrail collision, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 1 killed plus hundreds injured^{[204] [205]}

1980s

• 1982 Washington Metro train derailment, Washington, DC; 3 killed plus 25 injured^{[206] [207]}
• 1984 Montrealer (train) derailment, Williston, Vermont; 5 killed plus 100+ injured^{[208] [209] [210]}
• 1987 Maryland train collision, Chase, Maryland; 16 killed plus 164 injured^{[211] [212] [213]}
• 1989 San Bernardino train disaster, San Bernardino, California; 6 killed plus 7 injured^{[214] [215]}

1990s

• 1990 Market–Frankford Line subway derailment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 4 killed plus 162 injured^{[216] [217] [218]}
• 1991 Dunsmuir, California derailment; no human deaths but vast numbers of aquatic animals poisoned to death by chemical leak^{[219] [220] [221]}
• 1991 Lugoff derailment in South Carolina; 8 killed, 76 injured^[222]
• 1991 Union Square derailment, New York City; 5 killed plus 161 injured^{[223] [224] [225]}
• 1992 Nemadji River bridge derailment, Superior, Wisconsin; no direct human deaths but many animals—wild and domestic—confirmed killed by chemical leak; 50,000 to 80,000 people evacuated from Superior and from Duluth, Minnesota^{[226] [227] [228] [229]}
• 1993 Big Bayou Canot rail accident, Mobile, Alabama; 47 killed plus 103 injured. Alabama's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[230] [231] [232]}
• 1995 Fox River Grove bus–train collision, Fox River Grove, Illinois; 7 killed plus 21 injured^{[233] [234] [235]}
• 1996 Secaucus train collision, Secaucus, New Jersey; 3 killed plus 162 injured^{[236] [237]}
• 1996 Maryland train collision, Silver Spring, Maryland; 11 killed plus 26 injured^{[238] [239] [240]}
• 1999 Bourbonnais, Illinois, train crash

11 killed plus 122 injured^{[241] [242] [243]}

21st century

2000s

• 2002 Minot train derailment, Minot, North Dakota; 1 killed plus hundreds made ill^{[244] [245] [246]}
• 2002 Placentia train collision, Placentia, California; 2 killed plus 141 injured^{[247] [248]}
• 2004 Macdona rail disaster, Macdona, Texas; 3 killed plus ~50 sickened^{[249] [250] [251]}
• 2005 Graniteville train crash, Graniteville, South Carolina; 9 killed plus hundreds made ill. Possibly South Carolina's deadliest rail disaster to date^{[252] [253] [254]}
• 2005 Metra Rock Island derailment, Chicago, Illinois; 2 killed plus 83 injured^{[255] [256]}
• 2008 Massachusetts train collision, Newton, Massachusetts; 1 killed plus 12 injured^{[257] [258]}
• 2008 Chatsworth train collision, Chatsworth, California; 25 killed plus 135 injured^{[259] [260] [261]}
• 2009 June 2009 Washington Metro train collision, Washington, DC; 9 killed plus 80 injured^{[262] [263] [264]}

2010s

• 2012 Midland train crash, Midland, Texas; 4 killed plus 16 injured^{[265] [266] [267]}
• 2013 December 2013 Spuyten Duyvil derailment, New York City; 4 killed plus 61 injured^{[268] [269] [270]}
• 2015 Valhalla train crash, Valhalla, New York; 6 killed plus 15 injured^{[271] [272] [273]}
• 2015 Oxnard train derailment, Oxnard, California; 1 killed plus 29 injured^{[274] [275] [276]}
• 2015 Philadelphia train derailment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 8 killed plus hundreds injured^{[277] [278]}
• 2016 Chester, Pennsylvania, train derailment

2 killed plus 31 injured^{[279] [280] [281]}

• 2016 Hoboken train crash, Hoboken, New Jersey; 1 killed plus 114 injured^{[282] [283] [284]}
• 2017 Washington train derailment, DuPont, Washington; 3 killed plus 62 injured^{[285] [286] [287]}
• 2017 Brooklyn train crash, Brooklyn, New York; 103 injured^{[288] [289] [290]}
• 2018 Cayce, South Carolina train collision; 2 killed plus 116 injured^{[291] [292] [293]}

2020s

• 2022 Missouri train derailment, Mendon, Missouri; 4 killed and 150 injured.^[294]
• 2023 Ohio train derailment, East Palestine, Ohio. No fatalities, but many nearby residents reported symptoms of illness^[295]

See also

• Lists of rail accidents
• List of rail accidents by country
• List of disasters in the United States by death toll
• BNSF Railway accidents and incidents

Notes and References

1. Book: The Majestic Nature of the North: Thomas Kelah Wharton's Journeys in Antebellum America through the Hudson River Valley and New England. Walton. Steven A.. Armstrong. Michael J.. State University of New York Press. 2019. 9781438473277. Albany, NY. 29. en.
2. Book: Whittle, C.. Seaboard Air Line Railway: Steam Boats, Locomotives, and History. Indiana University Press. 2000. 9780253336958. Prince. Richard E.. Bloomington and Indianapolis. 7. en. 1838.
3. Web site: Greater Grand Crossing. www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org.
4. Book: Rhodes, James F.. History of the United States: From the Compromise of 1850 to the Mckinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896. Cosimo Classics. 2009. 9781605207469. II. New York. 482. en.
5. Book: Hamerla, Ralph R.. An American Scientist on the Research Frontier: Edward Morley, Community, and Radical Ideas in Nineteenth-Century Science. Springer Science & Business Media. 2006. 9781402040894. Dordrecht, Netherlands. 97. en.
6. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=VEEoAAAAYAAJ&q=1855+Gasconade+Bridge+train+disaster&pg=PA60. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineer's Monthly Journal. Grand International Division of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. 1877. XI. 60. en. Reminisces of a Fearful Accident Twenty-One Years Ago.
7. Book: Arenson, Adam. The Great Heart of the Republic. Harvard University Press. 2011. 9780674059184. Cambridge, MA and London. 71–76. en.
8. Book: Ivory, Karen. Pennsylvania Disasters: True Stories of Tragedy and Survival. Rowman & Littlefield. 2015. 9781493013210. Guilford, CT. 22–24. en.
9. Book: Selcer, Richard F.. Civil War America, 1850 To 1875. Infobase Publishing. 2006. 9781438107974. Almanacs of American Life. New York. 39. en.
10. Book: Haine, Edgar A.. https://books.google.com/books?id=S7t8DW4iYDMC&q=South+Bend+train+wreck+1859&pg=PA36. Railroad Wrecks. Associated University Presses. 1993. 9780845348444. New York, London, Toronto. 36–37. en. Bridge Washout Causes Train Disaster, Indiana - June 1859 - 42 Dead.
11. Book: Frank, Lisa Tendrich. Civil War: People and Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. 2009. 9781598840353. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford. 122. en.
12. Book: Ivory, Karen. Pennsylvania Disasters: True Stories of Tragedy and Survival. Rowman & Littlefield. 2015. 9781493013210. Guilford, CT. 27–30. en.
13. Book: Vogel, Charity. The Angola Horror: The 1867 Train Wreck That Shocked the Nation and Transformed American Railroads. Cornell University Press. 2013. 9780801469756. Ithaca, NY and London. en.
14. Book: Selcer, Richard F.. Civil War America, 1850 To 1875. Infobase Publishing. 2006. 9781438107974. Almanacs of American Life. New York. 40. en.
15. Book: Turner, David. Wappinger. Arcadia Publishing. 2011. 9780738575599. Charleston, SC. 57. en.
16. Railroad Magazine Feb 1942: states toll at 26, including 5 crew members.
17. Book: Encyclopedia of North American Railroads. Middleton. William D.. Smerk. George. Diehl. Roberta L.. Indiana University Press. 2007. 9780253027993. Bloomington and Indianapolis. 94. en.
18. Book: May, Andrew J.. https://books.google.com/books?id=yFdOCgAAQBAJ&q=1876+Ashtabula+River+Railroad+Disaster&pg=PA76. Subverting Empire: Deviance and Disorder in the British Colonial World. Springer. 2015. 9781137465870. Jackson. Will. Cambridge Imperial & Post-Colonial Studies. Basingstoke and New York. 76–77. en. ‘The Starched Boundaries of Civilization’: Sympathetic Allegiance and the Subversive Politics of Affect in Colonial India. Manktelow. Emily.
19. 27 October 1877. Railway News: Pickering Valley. Railway World: In Which is Incorporated the United States Railroad and Mining Register. Quarto Volume 3. 1028. Google Books.
20. Book: Mangan, Gregg. On This Day in Connecticut History. Arcadia Publishing. 2015. 9781625851956. Charleston, SC. 20–21. en.
21. Book: Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners Volume 11, Part 1880 . 1880 . 186–187 . Wright & Potter, State Printers . 19 February 2022.
22. News: Meeting A Terrible Fate. The New York Times. January 14, 1882. December 18, 2023.
23. Book: Seacrest, William B.. https://books.google.com/books?id=FiOrJ47gno8C&q=1883+Tehachapi+train+wreck&pg=PA261. California Disasters, 1812-1899: Firsthand Accounts of Fires, Shipwrecks, Floods, Epidemics, Earthquakes and Other California Tragedies. Quill Driver Books. 2006. 9781884995491. Sanger, CA. 163–165. en. 1883: Tehachapi Runaway Train.
24. Book: Massachusetts Board of Railroad Commissioners . Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners 1887 . 1887 . 64–68 . Wright and Potter, state printers . 18 February 2022.
25. News: September 14, 1886 Train Wreck. The Buffalo Commercial. September 14, 1886. 3. newspapers.com.
26. Ferguson . J. A. . The Wrong Rail in the Wrong Place at the Wrong Time: The 1887 West Hartford Bridge Disaster . Vermont Historiy Journal . 2013 . 81 . 1 . 52–74 . 28 October 2020.
27. Book: Haine, Edgar A.. https://books.google.com/books?id=S7t8DW4iYDMC&q=1887+Forest+Hills+disaster&pg=PA55. Railroad Wrecks. Associated University Presses. 1993. 9780845348444. New York, London, Toronto. 55–56. en. Busey Bridge Forrest Hills Disaster: Roslindale, Massachusetts - March 1887 - 30 Dead.
28. Book: Wolmar, Christian. The Great Railway Revolution: The Epic Story of the American Railroad. Atlantic Books. 2012. 9780857897794. London. en.
29. Web site: The Chicago & Atlantic Railway Wreck at Sandy Hook, 1887. Steven R.. Shook.
30. Book: Miller, W. H.. History and Genealogies of the Families of Miller, Woods, Harris, Wallace, Maupin, Oldham, Kavanaugh, and Brown (Illustrated) : With Interspersions of Notes of the Families of Dabney, Reid, Martin, Broaddus, Gentry, Jarman, Jameson, Ballard, Mullins, Michie, Moberley, Covington, Browning, Duncan, Yancey, and Others. Press of Transylvania Co.. 1907. 9785870845715. Lexington, KY. 681. en.
31. Book: Aaron, Larry G.. https://books.google.com/books?id=GnN0CQAAQBAJ&q=1888+Wreck+at+the+Fat+Nancy&pg=PT35. The Wreck of the Old 97. Arcadia Publishing. 2010. 9781614230571. Charleston, SC. en. Southern's Fast Mail.
32. Book: Massachusetts Board of Railroad Commissioners . Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners 1890 . 1890 . 113–135 . Secretary of the Commonwealth . 18 February 2022.
33. Web site: Pope . Nancy . The Great Kipton Train Wreck . National Postal Museum . 2013-04-22 . 2022-11-01.
34. Web site: Great Kipton Train Wreck Historical Marker . The Historical Marker Database . 2018-08-27 . 2022-11-01.
35. Book: Huffard, Scott. https://books.google.com/books?id=4wnVAwAAQBAJ&q=1891+Bostian+Bridge+train+disaster&pg=PA39. Southern Cultures: Volume 20: Number 2 – Summer 2014 Issue. University of North Carolina Press Books. 2014. 9781469615943. Watson. Harry L.. Chapel Hill, NC. 25–39. en. Ghosts, Wreckers, and Rotten Ties: The 1891 Train Wreck at Bostian's Bridge. Neal. Jocelyn.
36. Book: Webster. Mrazik. John J.. Manzi. Carla. Manzi. James J.. Arcadia Publishing. 2005. 9780738538075. Charleston, SC, Chicago, IL, Portsmouth, NH and San Francisco, CA. 49. en.
37. News: A Hike To The Site Of One Of The Nation's Worst Train Crashes. Marteka. Peter. 10 October 2014. Hartford Courant. 18 May 2019.
38. News: List of Dead Numbers 14 . The Boston Daily Globe . September 4, 1893.
39. Web site: Daily Colonist . 1 . Oct 21, 1893 . archive.org.
40. Book: Siegel, Alan A.. Disaster!: Stories of Destruction and Death in Nineteenth-Century New Jersey. Rutgers University Press. 2014. 9780813564609. New Brunswick, New Jersey and London. 73–79. en.
41. Book: Aldrich, Mark. Death Rode the Rails: American Railroad Accidents and Safety, 1828–1965. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2006. 9780801882364. Baltimore, MD. 77. en.
42. Book: Robertson, James L.. Heroes, Rascals, and the Law: Constitutional Encounters in Mississippi History. University Press of Mississippi. 2018. 9781496819970. Jackson, MS. 236–238. en.
43. Book: Tyler, Don. Hit Songs, 1900–1955: American Popular Music of the Pre-Rock Era. McFarland. 2007. 9780786429462. Jefferson, NC and London. 48. en.
44. Book: Wells, Jeffery C.. The Camp Creek Train Crash of 1900: In Atlanta or In Hell. Arcadia Publishing. 2009. 9781614233084. Charleston, SC. 1. en.
45. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=vOw6CwAAQBAJ&q=1900+Tacoma+Streetcar+Disaster&pg=PA53. Washington Disasters: True Stories of Tragedy and Survival. McNair-Huff. Rob. Mcnair-Huff. Natalie. Rowman & Littlefield. 2016. 9781493013234. Guilford, CT. 53–59. en. Chapter 8. Forty-Two Die on the Fourth: The Tacoma Trolley Disaster 1900.
46. Book: Bridger, Bobby. Buffalo Bill and Sitting Bull: Inventing the Wild West. University of Texas Press. 2002. 9780292709171. Austin, TX. 420. en.
47. News: Fifteen Killed in Rear End Collision – Trains Crash in Darkness of Park Avenue Tunnel – Two Score Are Injured – Engineer Disregards or Fails to See Signals – Locomotive Buried in Car – Firemen Cut Their Way Into the Wreck and Climb Over the Hot Boiler to the Aid of the Wounded -- Heroic Acts of Rescuers and Rescued -- Survivors and Others Tell Thrilling Stories of Their Experiences.. 9 January 1902. The New York Times. 19 May 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
48. News: Park Avenue Tunnel Crash, 1902. 27 May 2017. PBS. 19 May 2019.
49. Book: Cudahy, Brian J.. A Century of Subways: Celebrating 100 Years of New York's Underground Railways. Fordham University Press. 2003. 9780823222957. New York. 188. en.
50. Book: Williams, Donald R.. The Adirondacks 1830-1930. Arcadia Publishing. 2002. 9780738510941. Guilford, CT. 17. en.
51. Book: Decker, Randy L.. The Fonda, Johnstown & Gloversville Railroad: Sacandaga Route to the Adirondacks. Arcadia Publishing. 2003. 9780752413006. Guilford, CT. 2. en. 1998.
52. Book: Breakenridge, William M.. Helldorado: Bringing the Law to the Mesquite. University of Nebraska Press. 1992. 9780803261006. Lincoln, NE and London. 415. en. 1928.
53. Book: Aaron, Larry G.. The Wreck of the Old 97. Arcadia Publishing. 2010. 9781614230571. Guilford, CN. 1. en.
54. Book: Cohen, Norm. Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong. University of Illinois Press. 2000. 9780252068812. Urbana and Chicago. 198. en.
55. Book: Norberg, John. Ever True: 150 Years of Giant Leaps at Purdue University. Purdue University Press. 2019. 9781557538222. West Lafayette, IN. 109–116. en.
56. Book: Burford, C. C.. The Chatsworth Wreck. 1903 Purdue Wreck.. The Blade Publishing Company. 1949. 9785873663927. Fairbury, IL. 74. en.
57. Book: Muncy. Rymsza. Maggie S.. Smith. M. Earl. Arcadia Publishing. 2018. 9781467128711. Charleston, SC. 36. en.
58. News: Dynamite Wrecks Town: Nine Persons Escape Death or Injury in Jackson (Utah) Explosion. 21 February 1904. The New York Times. 19 May 2019.
59. Book: Waugh, William L.. Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters: An Introduction to Emergency Management. M.E. Sharpe. 2000. 9780765631633. Armonk, NY and London. 128. en.
60. Book: Dollman, Darla Sue. Colorado's Deadliest Floods. Arcadia Publishing. 2017. 9781439662441. Charleston, SC. 45–54. en.
61. Book: Coggins, Allen R.. Tennessee Tragedies: Natural, Technological, and Societal Disasters in the Volunteer State. University of Tennessee Press. 2012. 9781572338296. Knoxville, TN. 289. en.
62. Book: Newton-Matza, Mitchell. Disasters and Tragic Events: An Encyclopedia of Catastrophes in American History. ABC-CLIO. 2014. 9781610691666. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford. 253. en.
63. Book: Range, Tom. New York City Subways. Arcadia Publishing. 2002. 9780738510866. Charleston, SC. 27. en.
64. News: Rear-End Collision Brings Deaths to 17 . The Boston Daily Globe . November 27, 1905.
65. Book: Goble, Danney. Progressive Oklahoma: The Making of a New Kind of State. University of Oklahoma Press. 2015. 9780806153759. Norman, OK. 170. en. 1980.
66. Book: Ristine, James D.. Atlantic City. Arcadia Publishing. 2008. 9780738557045. Charleston, SC. 13. en.
67. Web site: Then All Was Still: The Woodville Train Wreck of 1906. Steven R.. Shook.
68. Book: Haine, Edgar A.. Railroad Wrecks. Associated University Presses. 1993. 9780845348444. New York, London, Toronto. 70–72. en.
69. News: One of the Most Disastrous Train Wrecks in the History of the Southern Pacific Railroad Fourteen Coaches Were Derailed Near Colton. Twenty-Six People Are Known to Have Been Killed Outright and Many Are Injured Fatally—An Express Train Ran Into an Open Switch—Most of the Dead Are Italians.. 29 March 1907. The Sacramento Union. 19 May 2019. 35. 113.
70. Book: Fecht, Michele M.. Northville. Arcadia Publishing. 2010. 9780738577968. Charleston, SC. 56. en.
71. Book: The Atlantic Monthly. Atlantic Monthly Company. 1908. 102. Washington, D.C.. 119. en.
72. Book: Pyne, Stephen J.. Fire in America: A Cultural History of Wildland and Rural Fire. University of Washington Press. 2017. 9780295805214. Seattle and London. 209. en.
73. Book: Rosentreter, Roger L.. Michigan: A History of Explorers, Entrepreneurs, and Everyday People. University of Michigan Press. 2013. 9780472051908. Ann Arbor, MI. 170. en.
74. Web site: The Lake Shore Wreck at Shadyside Crossing, 1909. Steven R.. Shook.
75. News: Passenger Train Derailed in North Carolina . 8 April 2024 . The Evening Times . 16 December 1909.
76. Book: The Electric Interurban Railways in America. Hilton. George Woodman. Due. John Fitzgerald. Stanford University Press. 2000. 9780804740142. Stanford, CA. 88. en.
77. Book: Middleton, William D.. The Interurban Era. William D. Middleton. 1968. 978-1334185908. Waukesha, WI. 370. en. 1961.
78. Book: Mass, Clifford. The Weather of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press. 2015. 9780295998367. Seattle, WA. 173–174. en.
79. Book: Di Stefano, Diana. Disasters, Accidents, and Crises in American History: A Reference Guide to the Nation's Most Catastrophic Events. Infobase Publishing. 2008. 9781438130125. Campbell. Ballard C.. New York. 209–210. en.
80. Book: Grant, H. Roger. Railroads and the American People. registration. 1910 Green Mountain train wreck.. Indiana University Press. 2012. 9780253006370. Bloomington, IN. 58. en.
81. Book: Waugh, William L.. Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters: An Introduction to Emergency Management. M.E. Sharpe. 1999. 9780765631633. Armonk, NY and London. 128. en.
82. Web site: Omineca Herald . 1 . Aug 27, 1910 . library.ubc.ca.
83. News: Appalling Accident – Worst Wreck in the History of the McCook Division Monday Morning Near Indianola – Sixteen Deaths Have Already Resulted . McCook, Neb. . 1 . The National Endowment for the Humanities. 30 May 1911. The McCook Tribune. 24 May 2019. 2157-8141.
84. News: Trains Meet. 14 Killed. Change of Schedule Causes Bad Collision in a Fog in Nebraska.. 30 May 1911. The New York Times. 24 May 2011. en-US. 0362-4331.
85. Book: Broeg, Bob. https://books.google.com/books?id=0rsSKRVGTZMC&q=1911+Federal+Express+train&pg=PA12. The 100 Greatest Moments in St. Louis Sports. Missouri History Museum. 2000. 9781883982317. Saint Louis, MO. 12. en. 1911. Heroic Rail-Wreck Redbirds: Roger Bresnahan Saved His Team and Helped Them Save Others.
86. Book: The Colonel and Hug: The Partnership That Transformed the New York Yankees. Steinberg. Steve. Spatz. Lyle. University of Nebraska Press. 2015. 9780803284135. Lincoln, NE. 36. en.
87. Book: Haine, Edgar A.. Railroad Wrecks. Associated University Presses. 1993. 9780845348444. New York, London and Toronto. 79–83. en.
88. Book: Stutzman, Robert D.. The Ligonier Valley Rail Road. Arcadia Publishing. 2014. 9781467120814. Charleston, SC. 107–112. en.
89. Book: Haine, Edgar A.. Railroad Wrecks. Associated University Presses. 1993. 9780845348444. New York, London and Toronto. 83–84. en.
90. News: Sleeping Homecomers Victims of Rear-end Collision – Trains Running in Fog . 3 September 1913. The New York Times. 2019-05-24. en-US. 0362-4331.
91. Book: Barger, Carl J.. Cleburne County and Its People. AuthorHouse. 2008. 9781467859646. I. Bloomington, IN. 44. en.
92. Book: Haine, Edgar A.. Railroad Wrecks. Associated University Presses. 1993. 9780845348444. New York, London and Toronto. 84. en.
93. Book: Wallis, Michael. Way Down Yonder in the Indian Nation: Writings from America's Heartland. University of Oklahoma Press. 2015. 9780806183534. Norman, OK. 2015. en.
94. Book: Pack, Tom. https://books.google.com/books?id=CcceBgAAQBAJ&q=1917+Shepherdsville+train+wreck&pg=PA1020. The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. 2015. 9780813159010. Kleber. John E.. Lexington, KY. 818. en. Shepherdsville. 1992.
95. Book: Hibbs, Dixie. Bardstown. Arcadia Publishing. 1998. 9780738589916. Charleston, SC. 109–115. en.
96. Book: Haine, Edgar A.. https://books.google.com/books?id=S7t8DW4iYDMC&q=1918+Hammond+Circus&pg=PA90. Railroad Wrecks. Associated University Presses. 1993. 9780845348444. New York, London, Toronto. 90–91. en. Collision of Two Trains Wipes Out Circus: Gary Indiana - June 1918 - 85 Dead.
97. Book: Haine, Edgar A.. Railroad Wrecks. Associated University Presses. 1993. 9780845348444. New York, London, Toronto. 91–94. en.
98. Book: Coggins, Allen R.. Tennessee Tragedies: Natural, Technological, and Societal Disasters in the Volunteer State. University of Tennessee Press. 2011. 9781572338296. Knoxville, TN. 298. en.
99. Book: Cudahy, Brian J.. The Malbone Street Wreck. Fordham Univ Press. 1999. 9780823219322. New York. 4–5. en.
100. Book: The Wheels That Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System. Roess. Roger P.. Sansone. Gene. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012. 9783642304842. Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic - STTT. New York and London. 194–196. en.
101. Book: Aldrich, Mark. https://books.google.com/books?id=bhywDQAAQBAJ&q=1919+New+York+Central+collision&pg=PA94. Encyclopedia of North American Railroads. Indiana University Press. 2007. 9780253027993. Middleton. William D.. Bloomington and Indianapolis. 94. en. Accidents. Smerk. George. Diehl. Roberta L..
102. Book: Aldrich, Mark. Safety First: Technology, Labor, and Business in the Building of American Work Safety, 1870-1939. registration. 1919 New York Central collision.. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1997. 9780801854057. Baltimore, MD and London. 202. en.
103. Book: Commission, United States Interstate Commerce Commission: Bureau of Safety and Service. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Safety Covering the Investigation of an Accident which Occurred on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Near Onawa, Me., Dec. 20, 1919. United States Interstate Commerce Commission: Bureau of Safety and Service. 1920. Washington, DC. 1–12. en.
104. Web site: Bernhard . Nicholas . 2017-10-10 . This Month in Coal Field History: The Labor Day Rail Disaster . 2024-02-18 . Yellow Scene Magazine . en-US . On a hectic Labor Day, 1920, a train full of baseball fans left Louisville, headed for a game in Denver. At the same time, a train left Denver, with riders bound for a long weekend in Eldorado Springs. The Denver train departed before the track was cleared, and the two collided at Globeville, where I-25 and I-70 now meet. Twelve people were killed, half of them from Louisville, and over two hundred were injured..
105. Web site: Egan . Mary Lou . 2022-03-14 . Globeville was Once a Hub for Rail Travel . 2024-02-18 . GES Gazette . en-US . Globeville was at the edge of the Denver city limits… scene of the line’s only major wreck, when two cars collided on Labor Day 1920, killing 12 and injuring 214. The holiday may have contributed to the disaster; the cars were overloaded and the motormen called in to handle the extra crowds were inexperienced. The wreck was front page news for weeks….
106. Web site: The Louisville Times, Volume 72, Number 7, August 7, 1985 - Old-time residents recall 1920 tragedy . 2024-02-18 . www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org.
107. Web site: Invitation to Disaster: The 1921 Porter Train Wreck. Steven R.. Shook.
108. Book: United States Interstate Commerce Commission: Bureau of Safety and Service. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Safety in Re Investigation of an Accident which Occurred on the Philadelphia & Reading Railway Near Woodmont, Pa., on December 5, 1921. United States Interstate Commerce Commission: Bureau of Safety and Service. 1922. Washington, D.C.. 1–20. en.
109. Book: United States Interstate Commerce Commission: Bureau of Safety and Service. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Safety in Re Investigation of an Accident which Occurred on the Atlantic City Railroad at Winslow Junction, N.J., on July 2, 1922. United States Interstate Commerce Commission: Bureau of Safety and Service. 1922. Washington, D.C.. 1–12. en.
110. Web site: LOOKING BACK -- To The Sulphur Springs train wreck, Aug. 5, 1922. Scott. Peggy. 19 April 2012. Leader Publications. en. 2019-05-31.
111. Web site: Remembering Missouri's worst train wreck. Jenkins. Kevin R.. 30 July 2012. Daily Journal Online. en. 2019-05-31.
112. Web site: Backstory: 'Coaches turned into death traps' in 1923 train wreck near Casper. Cepeda. Dan. 10 September 2018. Oil City News. en-US. 31 May 2019.
113. Web site: 'I Have Lost My Train in the River': Carnage on the CB&Q WyoHistory.org. Van Pelt. Lori. 5 October 2017. WyoHistory.org. 31 May 2019.
114. Web site: Extra 1104 The Story of the 1925 Rockport Train Wreck. www.mansfieldtownship-nj.gov. 2019-05-31.
115. Web site: Report of the Director of the Bureau of Safety in Re Investigation of an Accident Which Occurred on the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Near Granite, Colo., on August 20,1925. 8 October 1925. Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. 2019-06-04.
116. News: Twenty Killed in Train Wreck. 7 October 1925. Evening Independent. 4 June 2019.
117. Book: Aldrich, Mark. Death Rode the Rails: American Railroad Accidents and Safety, 1828–1965. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2008. 9780801889073. Baltimore, MD. en.
118. News: 28 Dead, 1 Missing in Wreck Near Granite. 7 September 1926. The Salida Mail. 4 June 2019.
119. Book: Cohen, Norm. Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong. University of Illinois Press. 2000. 9780252068812. Urbana, IL and Chicago, IL. 248. en.
120. News: City's Worst Transportation Disasters. Kelley. Tina. 16 October 2003. The New York Times. 2019-06-04. en-US. 0362-4331.
121. Web site: A Brief History of Death By Subway in NYC. Nuwer. Rachel. 29 July 2012. Smithsonian. en. 4 June 2019.
122. News: Queens Ind Crash Kills 2, Injures 71. Robinson. Douglas. 21 May 1970. The New York Times. 2019-06-04. en-US. 0362-4331.
123. A Survivor Photographs the Worst American Train Wreck Since 1887. 4 July 1938. LIFE. 4 June 2019.
124. Book: Montana Place Names from Alzada to Zortman. Aarstad. Rich. Arguimbau. Ellen. Baumler. Ellen. Porsild. Charlene L.. Shovers. Brian. Montana Historical Society. 2009. 9780975919613. Helena, MT. 212. en.
125. Web site: Deadly Utah school bus accident remembered 75 years later. The Salt Lake Tribune.
126. Book: Little Falls. Perkins. Susan R.. Hopson. Caryl A.. Arcadia Publishing. 2010. 9780738573885. Charleston, SC. 31. en.
127. Web site: Haunting echoes of horrific 1940 Little Falls train wreck. Grondahl. Paul. 15 May 2015. Times Union. 4 June 2019.
128. Book: Bellamy, John. Cleveland's Greatest Disasters!: 16 Tragic True Tales of Death and Destruction. Gray & Company. 2009. 9781598510584. Cleveland, OH. 75–81. en.
129. Book: Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. Seguin. Marilyn. Seguin. Scott. Arcadia Publishing. 2000. 9780738507217. Charleston, SC. 90–91. en.
130. Web site: The deadliest train crashes in New Jersey history. Higgs. Larry. 27 November 2017. nj.com. en-US. 4 June 2019.
131. Book: Kurek, Albert S.. Here Come the Troopers: New York State Troopers 1917-1943. AuthorHouse. 2007. 9781600080357. Bloomington, IN. 183. en.
132. News: 23 Die in Collision on Lackawanna; Limited Derailed; Injured Put at 60 – Engine From a Siding Runs Into Side of Flier Near Wayland, N.Y. – Crop Volunteers Dead – Many of Victims Scalded by Steam From Locomotive – Near-By Towns Rush Aid – Train Crash in Which Twenty-Three Persons Were Killed Dead in Wreck on Lackawanna. 31 August 1943. The New York Times. 4 June 2016. en-US. 0362-4331.
133. Book: Wolmar, Christian. The Great Railway Revolution: The Epic Story of the American Railroad. Atlantic Books. 2012. 9780857897794. London. 322. en.
134. Book: Nash, Jay Robert. Darkest Hours: a Narrative Encyclopedia of Worldwide Disasters From Ancient Times to the Present. Nelson-Hall. 1976. 9780882291406. Lanham, MA and London. 200. en.
135. Book: Cudahy, Brian J.. The Malbone Street Wreck. Fordham University Press. 1999. 9780823219322. New York. 106. en.
136. Web site: One Of The Deadliest Accidents In U.S. History Happened Right Here In North Carolina. Jarvis. Robin. OnlyInYourState. 4 May 2018. en-US. 4 June 2019.
137. News: Worst Train Collision Frozen in Memory of Witnesses. Leonard. Teresa. 13 December 2013. The News & Observer. 4 June 2016.
138. Book: Burford, C. C.. The Chatsworth Wreck. 1944 Stockton train wreck.. The Blade Publishing Company. 1949. 9785873663927. Fairbury, IL. 73. en.
139. Book: Aldrich, Mark. Death Rode the Rails: American Railroad Accidents and Safety, 1828–1965. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2006. 9780801882364. Baltimore, MD. 272. en.
140. Web site: The Train that Never Arrived. Rico. Magic in Puerto. 2013-04-22. Magic in Puerto Rico. en. 2019-06-04.
141. Book: Waugh, William L.. Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters: An Introduction to Emergency Management. M.E. Sharpe. 1999. 9780765631633. Armonk, NY and London. 128. en.
142. Book: Burford, C. C.. The Chatsworth Wreck. 1945 Michigan train wreck.. The Blade Publishing Company. 1949. 9785873663927. Fairbury, IL. 73. en.
143. News: Monument, in honor of Michigan, N.D., train crash of 1945, to be dedicated during Michigan Days. Bonham. Kevin. 16 April 2012. Grand Forks Herald. 7 June 2019.
144. News: Two Japanese Killed in Train Crash. 8 September 1945. Heart Mountain Sentinel. 7 June 2019.
145. Train-Wreck Inquiry: Test Shows How Disaster Might Have Been Averted. 20 May 1946. LIFE. 7 June 2019. 30G.
146. Book: Spinner, Chuck. The Tragedy at the Loomis Street Crossing. AuthorHouse. 2012. 9781468555936. Bloomington, IN. ix – xii. en.
147. News: This Is the 67th Anniversary of the Horrible Naperville Train Crash You've Never Heard Of. Doster. Adam. 26 April 2013. Chicago Magazine. 7 June 2019.
148. News: 34 Hurt as Zephyr Derails, Crashed Into Suburban Station. The Associated Press. The Associated Press. 7 June 2019.
149. News: Speeding Train Hits Tractor and Depot; Two Die, 25 Hurt. 4 April 1947. The Milwaukee Journal. 7 June 2019.
150. Book: Revisiting the Long Island Rail Road: 1925-1975. Keller. David. Lynch. Steven. Arcadia Publishing. 2005. 9780738538297. Charleston, SC. 82. en.
151. News: Rockville Centre tragedy: At least 30 dead, 80 injured in LIRR train crash in 1950. New York Daily News. 16 February 2016. New York Daily News. 7 June 2019.
152. Web site: On This Day In 1950: The Green Hornet Streetcar Disaster. May 25, 2012.
153. Web site: Our Back Pages: Deadly train crash helped end interurban. Foran. Chris. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. en. 2019-08-25.
154. Book: Morgue: A Life in Death. Di Maio. Vincent. Franscell. Ron. St. Martin's Press. 2016. 9781466875067. New York. 41. en.
155. Book: Bianculli, Anthony J.. Iron Rails in the Garden State: Tales of New Jersey Railroading. Indiana University Press. 2008. 9780253351746. Bloomington, IN. 145. en.
156. Book: Bond, Gordon. Man Failure: The Story of New Jersey's Deadliest Train Wreck. Garden State Legacy. 2017. 9780692867983. Newark, NJ. en.
157. Web site: Conneaut, OH Area Three-Train Collision, Mar 1953 | GenDisasters ... Genealogy in Tragedy, Disasters, Fires, Floods.
158. Book: The School as a Safe Haven. Watson. Rollin J.. Watson. Robert S.. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002. 9780897899000. Westport, CT. 71. en.
159. Book: Coggins, Allen R.. Tennessee Tragedies: Natural, Technological, and Societal Disasters in the Volunteer State. University of Tennessee Press. 2012. 9781572338296. Knoxville, TN. 153. en.
160. Gordon. Jeffrey. Llana. Patricia. Severson. Kristine. Tyrell. David. 2016-01-01. Research into Integrity of Glazing for Passenger Rail Equipment. Transportation Research Record. en. 2546. 1. 88–93. 10.3141/2546-11. 113515821. 0361-1981. This mode of occupant ejection seems to have occurred as early as the passenger train derailment at Redondo Junction, California, in 1956.
161. News: City's Worst Train Crash Left 30 Dead, 130 Hurt. Rasmussen. Cecilia. 6 February 2005. Los Angeles Times. 18 June 2019. en-US. 0458-3035.
162. Joplin. Loren B.. Bad Night at Redondo Junction. The Warbonnet. Second Quarter 2000. 8–10. Los Angeles Fire Department Historical Archive.
163. News: 20 Killed, 7 Injured in New Mexico Train Wreck 'Chief' Runs Headon Into Mail Train All Killed Believed to be Employes of Santa Fe Road. 5 September 1956. Desert Sun. 18 June 2019. 10. XXX. California Digital Newspaper Collection.
164. News: Wreck Kills 20; Error Is Blamed. 6 September 1956. The Detroit Free Press. 18 June 2019. Timothy Hughes Rare & Early Newspapers.
165. December 3, 2009 . WST Great Train Wreck of 1956 (Pineola, Florida) . photograph . April 3, 2013 .
166. Book: Grohman, Adam M.. Sentinels and Saviors of the Sea, A Collection of United States Coast Guard History – Centennial Edition. Underwater Historical Research Society. 2015. 9781329633230. Locust Valley, NY. 166–176. en.
167. Book: Oxford American Handbook of Disaster Medicine. Partridge. Robert A.. Proano. Lawrence. Marcozzi. David. Oxford University Press. 2012. 9780195379068. Oxford and New York. 622. en.
168. News: 50 years later, effects of train disaster linger: Meldrim marks grim anniversary with solemn observance. Donahue. Patrick. 29 June 2009. Effingham Herald. 18 June 2019.
169. News: Rail Car Blast Kills 19 Georgia Bathers. 29 June 1959. Fitchburg Sentinel. 18 June 2019. Timothy Hughes Rare & Early Newspapers.
170. Web site: Bakersfield, CA Streamline Train Hits Oil Tank Truck, Mar 1960 | GenDisasters ... Genealogy in Tragedy, Disasters, Fires, Floods.
171. News: THE CROSSING: School bus-train crash of 1961 should never be forgotten. Peters. Mike. 22 January 2007. Greeley Tribune. 18 June 2019.
172. Book: Arem, Jocelyn. Caffe Lena: Inside America's Legendary Folk Music Coffeehouse. powerHouse Books. 2013. 9781576876947. New York. 126. en.
173. Book: Ivory, Karen. https://books.google.com/books?id=wUwiCgAAQBAJ&q=1962+Steelton+train+derailment&pg=PA230. Pennsylvania Disasters: True Stories of Tragedy and Survival. Rowman & Littlefield. 2015. 9781493013210. Guilford, CT. 101–104. en. Chapter 12: A Fun Outing Goes Horribly Wrong. The Wreck of the Phillies Special: 1962.
174. Book: Steelton. Barton. Michael. Bronner. Simon J.. Arcadia Publishing. 2008. 9780738557427. Charleston, SC. 121. en.
175. Web site: 1962 Steelton train wreck: "People all over were yelling, 'Help me, help me.'". Klaus. Mary. 26 July 2012. The Patriot-News. en-US. 18 June 2019.
176. Flores. Lori A.. 1 May 2013. A Town Full of Dead Mexicans: The Salinas Valley Bracero Tragedy of 1963, the End of the Bracero Program, and the Evolution of California's Chicano Movement. Western Historical Quarterly. en. 44. 2. 124–143. 10.2307/westhistquar.44.2.0124. 0043-3810.
177. Book: Flores, Lori A.. https://books.google.com/books?id=610mCwAAQBAJ&q=1963+Chualar+bus+crash&pg=PT224. Grounds for Dreaming: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the California Farmworker Movement. Yale University Press. 2016. 9780300216387. New Haven, CT. en. A Town Full of Dead Mexicans: The Salinas Valley Bracero Tragedy of 1963.
178. News: Curran, Lawrence . Klarfeld, Jonathan . 12 Die in Everett Train-Truck Crash . The Boston Globe . December 28, 1966.
179. News: Everett Rail Crash Claims 13th Victim . The Boston Daily Globe . February 6, 1967.
180. Book: Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Penn Central Company Collision of Trains N-48 and N-49 at Darien, Connecticut, August 20, 1969. 1970. National Transportation Safety Board. en.
181. News: Woman Is Killed and 24 Are Hurt in Train. Crash in New Canaan. Knight. Michael. 14 July 1976. The New York Times. 21 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
182. Wakeland. Henry H.. 1978-02-01. Crash Safety for Railroad Passengers, Train Crews, and Grade Crossing Crash Victims. SAE Technical Paper. SAE Technical Paper Series. en. Warrendale, PA. 780022. 10.4271/780022.
183. Gordon. Jeffrey. Llana. Patricia. Severson. Kristine. Tyrell. David. 2016-01-01. Research into Integrity of Glazing for Passenger Rail Equipment. Transportation Research Record. en. 2546. 1. 88–93. 10.3141/2546-11. 113515821. 0361-1981.
184. Book: Aldrich, Mark. Back on Track: American Railroad Accidents and Safety, 1965–2015. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2018. 9781421424156. Baltimore, MD. 174. en.
185. News: Driver of School Bus Is Indicted In Congers Accident Fatal to 5. 11 May 1972. The New York Times. 21 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
186. Web site: Railroad / Highway Accident Report RHR-73-0: Penn Central Freight Train / Schoolbus Collision. 12 November 2015. National Transportation Safety Board. 2019-06-21.
187. Book: Collins, Larry R.. Disaster Management and Preparedness. CRC Press. 2000. 9781420032659. Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington D.C.. 19. en.
188. Book: Bibel, George. Train Wreck: The Forensics of Rail Disasters. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2012. 9781421405902. Baltimore, MD. 65–67. en.
189. Savage. Ian. 2013-07-01. Comparing the fatality risks in United States transportation across modes and over time. Research in Transportation Economics. The Economics of Transportation Safety. 43. 1. 9–22. 10.1016/j.retrec.2012.12.011. 0739-8859.
190. Book: The School as a Safe Haven. Watson. Rollin J.. Watson. Robert S.. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002. 9780897899000. Guilford, CT. 79. en.
191. News: 7 Children Killed in Bus Hit by Train. 7 February 1973. The New York Times. 21 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
192. Book: Lees, Frank. Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries: Hazard Identification, Assessment and Control. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2012. 9780123977823. Fourth. Oxford, UK and Waltham, MA. 2565. en.
193. Book: Hartwig, Sylvius. https://books.google.com/books?id=HrP1CAAAQBAJ&q=1974+Decatur+tank+car+explosion,&pg=PA244. Heavy Gas and Risk Assessment — II: Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Heavy Gases and Risk Assessment, Frankfurt am Main, May 25–26, 1982. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012. 9789400971516. Hartwig. Sylvius. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster. 244. en. Open and Controversial Topics in Heavy Gas Dispersion And Related Risk Assessment Problems. 1983.
194. News: Train is Held Speeding Before Crash. Knight. Michael. 1976-08-05. The New York Times. 2019-06-21. en-US. 0362-4331.
195. Book: Reis, Ronald A.. The New York City Subway System. Infobase Publishing. 2009. 9781604130461. New York. 81. en.
196. Book: Enright, Laura L.. Chicago's Most Wanted™: The Top 10 Book of Murderous Mobsters, Midway Monsters, and Windy City Oddities. registration. 1977 Chicago Loop derailment,.. Potomac Books, Inc.. 2005. 9781574887853. Washington, DC. 64. en.
197. Droste. B.. Probst. U.. Heller. W.. 1999-01-01. Impact of an Exploding LPG Rail Tank Car Onto a Castor Spent Fuel Cask. International Journal of Radioactive Materials Transport. 10. 4. 231–240. 10.1179/rmt.1999.10.4.231. 0957-476X.
198. Book: Mannan, Sam. Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries: Hazard Identification, Assessment and Control. Elsevier. 2005. 9780080489339. Third. 1. Burlington, MA and Oxford. Appendix 1/49 – Appendix 1/50. en.
199. Book: Nolan, Dennis P.. Handbook of Fire & Explosion Protection Engineering Principles for Oil, Gas, Chemical, & Related Facilities. William Andrew. 1996. 9780815517528. Westwood, NJ. 70. en.
200. Book: Sanders, Craig. Amtrak in the Heartland. Indiana University Press. 2006. 9780253027931. Bloomington and Indianapolis. 127. en.
201. Web site: Railroad Accident Report RAR-80-04: Derailment of Amtrak Train No. 4 the Southwest Limited on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company. 3 January 2015. National Transportation Safety Board. 21 June 2019.
202. News: 2-Train Crash Gives Mutual Aid Plan Initial Test With Accent on EMS Units. Nolan. Harry J.. 4 January 1980. Fire Engineering. 21 June 2019.
203. Web site: Railroad Accident Report RAR-80-03: Head End Collision of Amtrak Train No. 392 and ICG Train No. 51. 3 January 2015. National Transportation Safety Board. 21 June 2019.
204. News: More Than 400 Hurt in 3‐Train Crash in Philadelphia>. Richman. Alan. 17 October 1979. The New York Times. 21 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
205. Web site: Railroad Accident Report RAR-80-05: Rear End Collision of Conrail Commuter Trains. 3 January 2015. National Transportation Safety Board. 21 June 2019.
206. Book: Schrag, Zachary M.. The Great Society Subway: A History of the Washington Metro. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2006. 9781421415772. Baltimore, MD. 245–246. en.
207. Book: Edelstein, Sol. https://books.google.com/books?id=d9B95m1f_cYC&q=1982+Washington+Metro+train+derailment&pg=PA157. Mass Casualties, a Lessons Learned Approach: Accidents, Civil Disorders, Natural Disasters, Terrorism. Proceedings: First International Assembly on Emergency Medical Services June 13-17, 1982. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 1982. Cowley. R. Adams. Washington, D.C.. 157–159. en. Metro Subway Accident. Edelstein. Sol. Silverstein. Martin.
208. Book: Essex and Essex Junction. Allen. Richard. Allen. Lucille. Arcadia Publishing. 2004. 9781439615775. Charleston, SC. en.
209. News: 3 Killed as Train Falls into Ravine in Vermont Hills. Fein. Esther B.. 8 July 1984. The New York Times. 21 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
210. News: Historic train crash rescue remembered. Donoghue. Mike. 4 June 2015. The Burlington Free Press. 21 June 2019.
211. Book: Bibel, George. Train Wreck: The Forensics of Rail Disasters. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2012. 9781421406527. Baltimore, MD. en.
212. News: Drugs Blamed in Train Crash That Killed 16. Lancaster. John. 21 January 1988. The Washington Post. 21 June 2019.
213. News: 2d Sentence Is Imposed In 1987 Amtrak Crash. 1988-07-19. The New York Times. 2019-06-21. en-US. 0362-4331.
214. Web site: Warren . Jenifer . May 13, 1989 . 3 Die as Runaway Train Tumbles onto Homes: Freight Hits 90 m.p.h. Before Leaving Tracks in San Bernardino; Man Pulled Alive from Rubble . Los Angeles Times.
215. Book: National Transportation Safety Board . Derailment of Southern Pacific Transportation Company Freight Train on May 12, 1989 and Subsequent Puncture of Calnev Petroleum Pipeline on May 25, 1989 San Bernardino, California . 1990.
216. Book: Black, Alan. Urban Mass Transportation Planning. McGraw-Hill. 1995. 9780070055575. New York. 224. en.
217. News: Philadelphia Subway Crash Kills 3; 150 Are Hurt. Hinds. Michael Decourcy. 8 March 1990. The New York Times. 21 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
218. News: (Picture) SEPTA derailment kills at least two, injures 93. Dabney. Michael. 7 March 1990. United Press International. 21 June 2019.
219. Book: Hazardous Materials Shipment Information for Emergency Response. System. National Research Council (U S.) Committee for the Assessment of a National Hazardous Materials Shipments Identification. Board. National Research Council (U S.) Transportation Research. Transportation Research Board. 1993. 9780309054218. Washington, D.C.. 181. en.
220. Book: Superfund: Outlook for and Experience With Natural Resource Damage Settlements. DIANE Publishing. 9780788140976. Washington, D.C.. 24. en.
221. Baskett. R. L.. Nasstrom. J. S.. Watkins Jr. . J. J. . Ellis. J. S.. Sullivan. T. J. . 1992-03-05. Atmospheric modeling of the July 1991 metam sodium spill into California's Upper Sacramento River. en. 5315811.
222. Fehr, Stephen C.; Henderson, Neil (August 1, 1991). "8 Die in S. Carolina Amtrak Crash; Scores Hurt as Passenger Train Jumps Track, Sideswipes Freight Cars." The Washington Post.
223. Book: Cudahy, Brian J.. Under the Sidewalks of New York: The Story of the Greatest Subway System in the World. registration. 1991 Union Square .. Fordham Univ Press. 1995. 9780823216185. Second. New York. ix. en. 1979.
224. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=JqGZj1QYZIUC&q=1991+Union+Square+derailment&pg=PA27. Special Report: Rail Emergencies (USFA-TR-094). Kimball. Josh. Stambaugh. Hollis. Homeland Security. February 2003. U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series. Washington, D.C.. 27. en. Case Study Number Ten: Union Square Station, New York City - August 28, 1991.
225. News: Catastrophe Under Union Square; Crash on the Lexington IRT: Motorman's Run to Disaster. McFadden. Robert D.. 1 September 1991. The New York Times. 29 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
226. News: 50,000 Flee Toxic Vapors Released as Train Derails. Associated Press. 1 July 1992. The New York Times. 29 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
227. News: 50,000 Flee Derailed Train's Toxic Vapor in Minnesota and Wisconsin. From Associated Press. 1 July 1992. Los Angeles Times. 29 June 2019. en-US. 0458-3035.
228. UPI Archives, June 30, 1992 'Benzene spill forces evacuation of some 80,000' https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/06/30/Benzene-spill-forces-evacuation-of-some-80000/2171709876800/
229. News: 20 years later, benzene spill still stings in Duluth-Superior memories. Creger. Mike. 30 June 2012. Duluth News Tribune. 29 June 2019.
230. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=JqqeBQAAQBAJ&q=1993+Big+Bayou+Canot+rail+accident&pg=PA4. Railway Safety, Reliability, and Security: Technologies and Systems Engineering: Technologies and Systems Engineering. Hartong. Mark. Wijesekera. Duminda. Information Science Reference. 2012. 9781466616448. Flammini. Francesco. Hershey, PA. 4. en. U.S. Regulatory Requirements for Positive Train Control Systems.
231. News: Dozens Are Killed in Wreck of Train in Alabama Bayou. Smothers. Ronald. 23 September 1993. The New York Times. 29 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
232. News: 'I survived the deadliest train crash in Amtrak's history' Brian Logan. Logan. Brian. 17 November 2013. The Guardian. 29 June 2019. en-GB. 0261-3077.
233. Book: National Transportation Safety Board. Railroad Accident Report: Collision of Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District Train 102 with a tractortrailer, Portage, Indiana, June 18, 1998. DIANE Publishing. 1999. 9781428996533. Washington, D.C.. 56. en.
234. Book: US Department of Transportation - Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Transportation Statistics Annual Report (1997). DIANE Publishing. 1997. 9780788175084. Marsha. Fenn. Washington, D.C.. 66. en.
235. News: Fatal Fox River Grove bus-train tragedy still painful, 20 years later. Black. Lisa. 24 October 2015. Chicago Tribune. 29 June 2019.
236. News: Crash on New Jersey Transit: The Overview – 3 Killed as Trains Collide in New Jersey. McFadden. Robert D.. 10 February 1996. The New York Times. 29 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
237. News: Colorblind Engineer Caused Deadly Train Collision Diabetic Hid Eye Disease; It Was Hard To Tell Red From Yellow. Associated Press. 26 March 1997. The Spokesman-Review. 29 June 2019.
238. Tyrell. David. Perlman. A. Benjamin. 2003-01-01. Evaluation of Rail Passenger Equipment Crashworthiness Strategies. Transportation Research Record. en. 1825. 1. 8–14. 10.3141/1825-02. 110738787. 0361-1981.
239. News: Terror, Confusion of Crash Recalled. Gillis. Justin. 27 June 2016. Washington Post. 29 June 2019. Spinner. Jackie.
240. News: Tuesday Marks 20 Years Since Fatal Amtrak, MARC Collision in Silver Spring. DiMargo. Carissa. 16 February 2016. NBC Washington. 29 June 2019.
241. Book: Brod, Daniel. Comprehensive Costs of Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Crashes. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. 2013. 9780309283489. National Cooperative Highway Research Program. Report 755. Washington, D.C.. 14. en.
242. News: Death on the Rails; The Overview – 13 Are Killed as Amtrak Train Collides With Truck in Illinois. Belluck. Pam. 17 March 1999. The New York Times. 29 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
243. News: Death Toll Rises to 14 in Amtrak Accident. Tribune Staff. 16 March 1999. Chicago Tribune. 29 June 2019.
244. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=Wa6Q2Gy0CAgC&q=2002+Minot+train+derailment&pg=PA182. Encyclopedia of Crisis Management. Penuel. K. Bradley. Statler. Matt. Hagen. Ryan. SAGE. 2013. 9781452226125. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington D.C.. 182. en. Case Study: The 2002 Minot, North Dakota, Train Derailment Cosmology Episode.
245. Book: Greenberg, Michael I.. Encyclopedia of Terrorist, Natural, and Man-made Disasters. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2006. 9780763737825. Sudbury, MA. 7. en.
246. News: Minot train derailment kills one, injures dozens. CBC News. 18 January 2002. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 June 2019.
247. News: Train Ran Signal Before Deadly Crash. Collins. Dan. 23 April 2002. CBS News. 29 June 2019.
248. Book: Flammini, Francesco. Railway Safety, Reliability, and Security: Technologies and Systems Engineering. Information Science Reference. 2012. 9781466616448. Hershey, PA. 4. en.
249. News: Ten years ago: Chlorine gas from train crash kills 3 near San Antonio. Brown. Merissa. 30 June 2014. San Antonio Express-News. 29 June 2019.
250. Book: Lees, Frank. Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries: Hazard Identification, Assessment and Control. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2012. 9780123977823. Fourth. 2. Oxford and Waltham, MA. 1743. en. 1980.
251. News: In 2004 Fatal Train Crash in Texas, Crew Was Probably Asleep, Report Says. Associated Press. 7 July 2006. The New York Times. 29 June 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
252. Book: Greenberg, Michael I.. Disaster!: A Compendium of Terrorist, Natural, and Man-Made Catastrophes. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2006. 9780763739898. Burlington, MA. 21. en.
253. Book: Cashman, John R.. Emergency Response Handbook for Chemical and Biological Agents and Weapons. CRC Press. 2008. 9781420052664. Second. Boca Raton, FL, London, New York. 1–2. en.
254. News: Cloud Rising From Train Wreck, Then Death and a Ghost Town. Hart. Ariel. 8 January 2005. The New York Times. 29 June 2019. Wald. Matthew L.. en-US. 0362-4331.
255. News: Girl, 9, to get $4.1 million settlement for 2005 Metra crash. Wronski. Richard. 27 August 2015. Chicago Tribune. 29 June 2019.
256. News: One dead, dozens hurt in derailment. 17 September 2005. CNN. 29 June 2019.
257. News: Trolley operator dies after collision in Newton. Bierman. Noah. 28 May 2008. Boston.com. 29 June 2019. Ranalli. Ralph. Vaznis. James.
258. News: Train Operator Dies After Boston Accident. Associated Press. 28 May 2008. CBS News. 29 June 2019.
259. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=EVhiDwAAQBAJ&q=2008+Chatsworth+train+collision&pg=PA629. Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation, July 21-25, 2018, Loews Sapphire Falls Resort at Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida, USA. Tabibzadeh. Maryam. Khashe. Yalda. Somaiya. Parin. Springer. 2017. 9783319938851. Stanton. Neville. Cham, Switzerland. 629. en. A Proactive Risk Analysis Framework to Enhance Safety and Reliability in Railroad Operations: Assessment of the Positive Safety Culture Traits.
260. Book: Broadbent, Stefana. Intimacy at Work: How Digital Media Bring Private Life to the Workplace. Left Coast Press. 2016. 9781629580951. Walnut Creek, CA. 80–82. en.
261. News: Ceremonies Mark 10th Anniversary of Deadly Chatsworth Train Crash: The collision remains the deadliest crash in Metrolink history, and one of the deadliest rail disasters in U.S. history.. 12 September 2018. NBC Los Angeles. 29 June 2019.
262. Book: Weiss, Joseph. Protecting Industrial Control Systems from Electronic Threats. Momentum Press. 2010. 9781606501979. New York. 135–136. en.
263. Book: Schrag, Zachary M.. The Great Society Subway: A History of the Washington Metro. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2014. 9781421415772. Baltimore, MD. ix. en.
264. Book: Prognostics and Health Management of Electronics: Fundamentals, Machine Learning, and the Internet of Things. Pecht. Michael G.. Kang. Myeongsu. John Wiley & Sons. 2018. 9781119515333. Hoboken, NJ and Chichester, UK. xxvii. en.
265. News: Before Fatal Midland Train Crash, a Litany of Errors. Koppel. Nathan. 25 October 2013. Wall Street Journal. 3 July 2019. Bustillo. Miguel. en-US. 0099-9660.
266. News: Train slams into float at Texas vets parade; 4 dead. AP. 16 November 2012. USA Today. 3 July 2019.
267. News: 4 Killed in Texas Train Crash Were Military Veterans. Fernandez. Manny. 16 November 2012. The New York Times. 3 July 2019. Fitzsimmons. Emma G.. en-US. 0362-4331.
268. Book: Social Network Based Big Data Analysis and Applications. Kaya. Mehmet. Kawash. Jalal. Khoury. Suheil. Day. Min-Yuh. Springer. 2018. 9783319781969. Cham, Switzerland. 29. en.
269. News: Four dead and 63 injured in New York passenger train derailment. Luscombe. Richard. 1 December 2013. The Guardian. 3 July 2019. en-GB. 0261-3077.
270. News: Four dead, 63 injured after NYC-bound Metro-North passenger train derails in Bronx. Stepansky. Joe. 2 December 2013. New York Daily News. 3 July 2019. Slattery. Denis. Donohue. Pete. Sandoval. Edgar. Moore. Tina. Hutchinson. Bill.
271. News: Woman Who Drove on Tracks at Fault in Fatal Metro-North Crash, Investigators Find. Nir. Sarah Maslin. 27 July 2017. The New York Times. 3 July 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
272. News: NTSB Blames Driver for Fatal Metro-north Valhalla Crash; Husband Lashes Out. Coyne. Matt. 31 July 2017. The Journal News. 3 July 2019.
273. News: Metro-North Commuter Train Hits SUV in New York City Suburb of Valhalla. McCall-Mazza. Niven. 4 February 2015. NBC News. 3 July 2019. Jarrett. Tracy. Brecher. John.
274. Book: Aldrich, Mark. Back on Track: American Railroad Accidents and Safety, 1965–2015. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2018. 9781421424156. Baltimore, MD. 180. en.
275. News: Metrolink Train Headed to Los Angeles Crashes Into Truck, Injuring Dozens. Smith. Noah. 24 February 2015. The New York Times. 3 July 2019. Healy. Jack. en-US. 0362-4331.
276. News: California train crash: officials 'very concerned' about pickup truck. Associated Press. 25 February 2015. The Guardian. 3 July 2019. en-GB. 0261-3077.
277. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=ED5EDwAAQBAJ&q=2015+Philadelphia+train+derailment&pg=PA157. A Practical Guide to Ethics in Public Relations. Luttrell. Regina. Ward. Jamie. Rowman & Littlefield. 2018. 9781442272750. Lanham, MD, Boulder, CO, New York, London. 149–150. en. Case Study 2: Fatal Derailment. Is Amtrak's Reputation Riding on Its Response to the Wreck of Train 1888.
278. News: Amtrak Train Derailed Going 106 M.P.H. on Sharp Curve; at Least 7 Killed. Stolberg. Sheryl Gay. 13 May 2015. The New York Times. 3 July 2019. Mouawad. Jad. en-US. 0362-4331. Fitzsimmons. Emma G..
279. News: Amtrak Train Derailment Near Philadelphia Leaves 2 Dead, 35 Injured. Carrero. Jacquellena. 4 April 2016. NBC News. 3 July 2019. Fieldstadt. Elisha.
280. News: 2 Workers Die as Amtrak Train Strikes Backhoe Causing Fireball. Stamm. Dan. 3 April 2016. NBC Philadelphia. 3 July 2019. Chang. David.
281. News: Amtrak fires rail worker over Chester train derailment. Laughlin. Jason. 9 May 2017. The Philadelphia Inquirer. 3 July 2019.
282. News: Hoboken Train Crash Kills 1 and Injures Over 100. McGeehan. Patrick. 29 June 2016. The New York Times. 3 July 2019. Rosenberg. Eli. en-US. 0362-4331. Fitzsimmons. Emma G..
283. News: Hoboken train crash: one dead and more than 100 injured in New Jersey. Sidahmed. Mazin. 29 September 2016. The Guardian. 3 July 2019. Glenza. Jessica. en-GB. 0261-3077.
284. News: Hoboken Train Crash Survivors Seek Tens of Millions in Damages From NN Transit. Tate. Curtis. 1 September 2018. North Jersey Record. 3 July 2019. Cowen. Richard. Nobile. Tom.
285. Book: Harnessing the Power of Failure: Using Storytelling and Systems Engineering to Enhance Organizational Learning. Newman. John Steven. Wander. Stephen M.. Emerald Group Publishing. 2018. 9781787542006. Bingley, UK. 150. en.
286. News: Multiple Deaths in Amtrak Train Derailment in Washington. Johnson. Kirk. 18 December 2017. The New York Times. 3 July 2019. Pérez-Peña. Richard. en-US. 0362-4331. Chokshi. Niraj.
287. News: Amtrak train crash: several dead after derailment in Washington state. Person. Daniel. 19 December 2017. The Guardian. 3 July 2019. Levin. Sam. en-GB. 0261-3077. Holpuch. Amanda.
288. Book: Human Resource Management: People, Data, and Analytics. Bauer. Talya. Erdogan. Berrin. Caughlin. David. Truxillo. Donald. SAGE Publications. 2018. 9781506363134. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi. 506. en.
289. News: L.I.R.R. Crash in Brooklyn Injures More Than 100. Rosenberg. Eli. 4 January 2017. The New York Times. 3 July 2019. Remnick. Noah. en-US. 0362-4331.
290. News: 103 injured in Long Island Rail Road derailment in Brooklyn. Lovelace Jr.. Berkeley. 4 January 2017. CNBC. 3 July 2019.
291. Book: Researcher, C. Q.. Issues for Debate in American Public Policy: Selections from CQ Researcher. CQ Press. 2019. 9781544369242. Singapore. en.
292. News: Amtrak Train Crash in South Carolina Leaves 2 Dead, 116 Injured. 4 February 2018. CBS News. 3 July 2019.
293. News: Moments Before Fatal SC Train Crash, Rail Workers Wondered if They'd Made a Mistake. Moore. Thad. 11 July 2018. The Post and Courier. 3 July 2019.
294. News: June 29, 2022 . NTSB: Amtrak train was below speed limit before fatal crash . AP News . June 29, 2022.
295. Web site: 2023-02-04 . 50-car train derailment causes big fire, evacuations in Ohio . 2023-02-10 . AP NEWS . en.