List of American politicians who switched parties in office explained

The following American politicians switched parties while they were holding elected office.

Federal

House of Representatives

Name	State	District	Date of party switch	Congress	Old party	New party	Notes	Refs
	Louisiana	5th		108th		Democratic		Republican		^[1]
	Michigan	3rd		116th		Republican		Independent		^[2]
						Independent		Libertarian		^[3]
	Pennsylvania	25th		97th		Democratic		Republican	Lost re-election in 1982 after being redistricted to the 4th district.	^[4]
William Carney	New York	1st		99th		Conservative		Republican
	Georgia	9th		104th		Democratic		Republican		^[5]
Jo Ann Emerson	Missouri	8th		105th		Republican		Independent	Emerson was re-elected to a full term as an independent after running under that designation to comply with Missouri's electoral law.
						Independent		Republican
	New York	1st		106th		Republican		Democratic		^[6]
	Virginia	5th		106th					Caucused with the Republican Party.	^[7] ^[8]
				107th				Republican		^[9]
Phil Gramm	Texas	6th		98th		Democratic		Republican	Gramm resigned his seat as a Democrat on January 5, 1983, and then won a special election as a Republican on February 12, 1983.
	Florida	2nd		101st				Republican		^[10]
	Alabama	5th		111th					Later rejoined the Democratic party.	^[11]
	Pennsylvania	14th		34th						^[12]
	Texas	4th		108th						^[13]
	Louisiana	7th		104th
	Florida	10th		98th					Announced the switch on March 17, 1984, but didn't officially make it until July 5 in order to keep his Democratic committee assignments for as long as possible.	^[14] ^[15]
	Oklahoma	5th		94th						^[16]
	Texas	14th		104th						^[17]
	California	31st		106th				Republican	Switched parties after losing the Democratic primary for re-election	^[18]
	Michigan	10th		116th		Republican		Independent	Switched parties during the lame duck session, three weeks before his retirement.	^[19]
	Mississippi	4th		104th				Republican
	New York	26th		92nd		Republican				^[20]
	Michigan	7th		93rd		Republican				^[21]
	Arkansas	2nd		101st				Republican		^[22]
Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.	New York	20th		82nd				Democratic	Roosevelt was re-elected as a Democrat.
	Arizona	3rd		98th		Democratic		Republican	Did not officially change party until the 1982 election for a term beginning January 3, 1983.	^[23] ^[24]
	Louisiana	3rd		104th		Democratic		Republican		^[25]
	New Jersey	2nd		116th		Democratic		Republican		^[26]
Albert Watson	South Carolina	2nd		90th		Democratic		Republican	Watson resigned his seat as a Democrat on February 1, 1965, and then won a special election as a Republican on June 15, 1965.
	Pennsylvania	12th		46th		Democratic		Greenback

Senate

Name	State	Date of party switch	Congress	Old party	New party	Notes	Refs
	New York		94th		Conservative
	Colorado		104th		Democratic				^[27]
	New York		42nd		Republican		Liberal Republican	The Liberal Republican Party was new and short-lived. Did not seek re-election in the 1874–75 United States Senate elections.	^[28]
			43rd		Liberal Republican		Republican
	Vermont		107th					Caucused with the Democrats after becoming an independent, giving Democrats a majority in the US Senate. His switch became the only time in US history that a party switch resulted in a change of party control of the Senate.	^[29] ^[30]
	Wisconsin		74th					Co-founded the Wisconsin Progressive Party and was re-elected to Senate on that ticket in 1934 and 1940.	^[31]
			79th					The Wisconsin Progressive Party was dissolved in 1946. Lost re-election to the Senate when defeated by Joseph McCarthy in the Republican primary later that same year.	^[32]
	Connecticut	/2007 (see note)	110th					Lieberman left the Democratic Party after losing the Democratic primary for re-election. Technically, he ran under the party named Connecticut for Lieberman but he himself never officially joined that party. He called himself an Independent Democrat after winning re-election.	^[33] ^[34]
	West Virginia		118th		Democratic				^[35]
	Alabama		103rd				Republican	Switch announced the day after the 1994 United States Senate elections, in which Shelby was not up for reelection, but the Republicans gained the majority in the Senate.	^[36]
	Arizona		118th		Democratic				^[37]
	New Hampshire		106th		Republican		Independent		^[38]
					Independent		Republican
	Pennsylvania		111th		Republican				^[39]
	South Carolina		88th		Democratic		Republican		^[40]
	Illinois		42nd		Republican		Liberal Republican	The Liberal Republican Party was new and short-lived. Lost re-election in the 1872–73 United States Senate elections to the Republican candidate.

Other

State

Name	Office	Date of party switch	Old party	New party	Notes	Refs
	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Rockingham-20 district			Republican		Libertarian	Left office to run for Governor of New Hampshire in 2016 as a Libertarian. Was re-elected to the New Hampshire House in 2018 as a Republican.	^[41]
				Republican		Independent	Became an independent as he campaigned to be the nominee for President of the United States in 2020 of the Libertarian Party, the Veterans Party, and the Reform Party. Was elected to a seat in a different district in the New Hampshire House in 2020 as a Republican.	^[42]
	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 62nd district			Independent		Democratic		^[43]
	Member of the New Jersey Senate from the 8th district			Republican		Democratic		^[44]
Robert Adley	Member of the Louisiana Senate from the 36th district			Democratic		Republican	Switched parties after the 2007 Louisiana elections to align with incoming governor Bobby Jindal.	^[45] ^[46]
	Member of the California State Senate from the 4th district			Democratic		Republican		^[47]
	Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana			Democratic		Republican	Appointed by Republican Bobby Jindal to serve until the conclusion of the 2010 special election to replace Mitch Landrieu, who had been elected Mayor of New Orleans. Previously served as Louisiana Secretary of Natural Resources, appointed by Democrat Kathleen Blanco. Re-appointed by Jindal to that position following the election.	^[48]
	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 22nd district, 5th seat			Democratic		Republican		^[49] ^[50]
	Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 44th district			Republican		Democratic		^[51]
	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from East Baton Rouge Parish			Democratic		Republican		^[52]
	Member of the Alaska House of Representatives from the 40th district			Republican		Independent		^[53]
Robert Barham	Louisiana State Senator from the 33rd district			Democratic		Republican	Announced after a visit to the White House following an invitation from President George W. Bush.	^[54]
	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Iberia Parish			Democratic		Republican		^[55]
	Member of the Wyoming House of Representatives from the 55th district			Democratic		Republican		^[56]
	Member of the Louisiana Senate from the 1st district			Republican		Democratic
	Member of the California State Assembly from the 16th district			Green
	Member of the Kansas Senate from the 7th district					Democratic		^[57]
	Attorney General of Georgia			Democratic
	Member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from the 28th district			Democratic				^[58]
	Member of the Mississippi State Senate from the 3rd district			Democratic				^[59]
	Attorney General of Louisiana			Democratic				^[60]
	Member of the Alabama Senate			Democratic				^[61]
	Member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 44th district			Democratic
	Member of the Mississippi State Senate from the 33rd district			Democratic				^[62]
	Governor of Rhode Island					Democratic	Previously served in the U.S. Senate (1999-2007) as a Republican before becoming an Independent.	^[63]
	Member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 19th district							^[64]
	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Belknap-2 district			Democratic		Republican		^[65]
	Member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from the 61st district							^[66]
	Member of the Oregon House of Representatives from the 12th district			Republican		Independent Party of Oregon	Switched parties after losing renomination over his vote to protect access to abortion and gender-affirming care.	^[67]
	Member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from the 112th district			Democratic		Republican	Switched parties after receiving backlash for missing a vote on an assault weapons ban.	^[68]
	Governor of Florida						Later elected to congress as a Democrat.	^[69]
William Daniel	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from East Baton Rouge Parish			Democratic		Republican
Hunt Downer	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Terrebonne and Lafourche Parishes			Democratic		Republican	Announced after a visit to the White House following an invitation from President George W. Bush.	^[70]
	New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands			Republican		Libertarian		^[71]
Noble Ellington	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives			Democratic		Republican		^[72]
Kirk England	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 106th district			Republican		Democratic		^[73]
Bernard Erickson	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 58th district			Republican		Democratic		^[74]
	Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 3rd district			Democratic		Republican
	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Cheshire-7 district			Democratic		Independent		^[75]
	Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 36th district			Republican		Democratic		^[76]
	Member of the Hawaii Senate from the 19th district			Republican		Democratic		^[77]
	Member of the Oregon Senate from the 23rd district							^[78]
	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Merrimack-8 district			Democratic		Republican		^[79]
	Member of the New York Senate from the 60th district
	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 23rd district							^[80]
	Member of the Louisiana Senate from the 24th district							^[81]
	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 31st district						Was one of the "Killer Ds" during the 2003 Texas redistricting	^[82]
	Treasurer of Pennsylvania							^[83]
	Member of the Georgia House of Representatives							^[84]
	Member of the Arkansas Senate from the 2nd district			Republican		Independent		^[85]
	Attorney General of Pennsylvania			Republican		Democratic	Joined the Democratic Party after succeeding Josh Shapiro as Attorney General.	^[86]
	Oklahoma Superintendent of Public Instruction						Switched after announcing her intention to challenge to Republican Governor Kevin Stitt in the 2022 election.	^[87]
Chuck Hopson	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 11th district							^[88]
	Member of the Utah House of Representatives from the 38th district							^[89]
	Member of the Mississippi Senate from the 39th district						Later appointed and elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican.	^[90]
	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Hillsborough-2 district			Republican		Independent		^[91]
	Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 5th district			Republican		Democratic		^[92]
	Member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 80th district
Glenn Jeffries	Member of the West Virginia Senate from the 8th district					Republican		^[93]
	Member of the West Virginia Senate from the 5th district							^[94]
	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from East Baton Rouge Parish
	Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 31st district							^[95]
	Minnesota State Senator							^[96]
	Governor of West Virginia						Justice had previously been a Republican until switching to the Democratic Party in 2015 to run for Governor of West Virginia.^[97]	^[98]
	Treasurer of Louisiana						Later elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican.	^[99]
	Member of the Nebraska Legislature from the 10th district							^[100]
	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 18th district							^[101]
	Member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 34th district						Changed party affiliation prior to expulsion from the Colorado House of Representatives due to allegations of sexual harassment.	^[102]
	Member of the Oregon House of Representatives from the 10th district							^[103]
	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 43rd district							^[104]
	Member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 56th district						Switched parties after receiving backlash for being the only Democrat to vote for a school voucher bill.	^[105]
	Member of the Oregon House of Representatives from the 32nd district
	Member of the California State Assembly from the 42nd district			Republican				^[106]
	Member of the Nebraska Legislature from the 5th district						Switched parties after being censured by the Nebraska Democratic Party for voting against abortion rights.	^[107]
	Member of the Iowa House of Representatives from the 58th district			Republican				^[108]
	Member of the Mississippi State Senate from Harrison and Stone Counties					Republican		^[109]
	Member of the Maryland State Senate from the 33rd district			Republican			Later re-joined the Republican Party.
Howard Oda	Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 22nd district			Republican		Democratic		^[110]
	Member of the South Carolina Senate from Oconee County					Republican		^[111]
	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 40th district					Republican		^[112]
	Member of the Georgia State Senate from the 18th district					Republican	Later elected Governor of Georgia.	^[113]
	Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Hillsborough-43 district			Democratic		Independent		^[114]
	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 64th district					Republican	Later elected Governor of Texas.	^[115]
	Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 24th district					Republican
	Member of the Colorado Senate from the 25th district			Republican		Democratic	Switched parties after expressing concern about the Republican embrace of 2020 election conspiracies.	^[116]
	Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 50th district					Republican		^[117]
	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 21st district					Republican		^[118]
Joel Robideaux	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Lafayette Parish			Independent		Republican
	Member of the Maryland House of Delegates from the 39th district			Democratic		Green
	Governor of Louisiana					Republican
	Vermont Auditor of Accounts					Republican		^[119]
	Member of the Vermont House of Representatives from the Rutland-3 district					Libertarian		^[120]
	Member of the Maryland House of Delegates from District 31B			Republican
	Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 84th district			Democratic		Republican		^[121] ^[122]
	Member of the New York State Assembly			Republican
	Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Lexington County					Republican		^[123]
	Member of the Kansas Senate from the 6th district					Republican
	Member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 97th district			Republican
	Member of the Kansas Senate from the 21st district			Republican				^[124]
	Member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 1st district			Democratic		Republican		^[125]
	Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 146th district			Democratic		Republican		^[126]
	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 19th district							^[127]
	Member of the New Jersey Senate from the 12th district			Republican		Democratic	Switched parties after Republicans supported his primary challenger.	^[128]
	Member of the Mississippi Senate from the 9th district			Democratic		Republican
	Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi			Democratic		Republican		^[129]
	Governor of Puerto Rico			Democratic		Republican		^[130] ^[131] ^[132]
	Governor of Minnesota			Reform		Independence
	Member of the Utah House of Representatives from the 69th district			Democratic		Republican		^[133]
	Member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from the 4th district			Republican		Independent	Expelled by Tennessee Republican Party.
	Nebraska Auditor of Public Accounts			Republican
	Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Jefferson, Plaquemines, St. Charles Parishes			Democratic		Republican

Local

Name	Office	Date of party switch	Old party	New party	Notes	Refs
	Mayor of New York City			Republican		Independent	Later ran for president in the 2020 presidential election as a Democrat.
	Mayor of St. Paul							^[134]
	Clerk of Rowan County, Kentucky			Democratic		Republican		^[135]
	Member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from District 5							^[136]
	Mayor of Dallas					Republican		^[137]
Ari Kagan	Member of the New York City Council from the 47th district					Republican	Cited the city's criminal reforms and rising crime as the main reasons he was switching parties.	^[138]
	Mayor of New York City							^[139]
	Mayor of Tampa					Republican		^[140]
	Member of the Honolulu City Council from the 1st district			Republican				^[141]
	Mayor of Hastings, Nebraska					Republican
	Member of the Westchester County Board of Legislators from the 14th district			Republican				^[142]

See also

• List of Canadian politicians who have crossed the floor
• List of elected British politicians who have changed party affiliation
• List of party switchers in the United States
• List of United States representatives who switched parties
• List of United States senators who switched parties
• Party switching in the United States
• Waka-jumping

Notes and References

1. News: August 12, 2004. Democrats Bitter Over 'Cowardly' Alexander's Party Switch. The Economist. live. June 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20181116162607/https://www.economist.com/news/2004/08/12/democrats-bitter-over-cowardly-alexanders-party-switch. November 16, 2018. 0013-0613.
2. News: Conradis. Brandon. July 4, 2019. Rep. Amash, lone GOP critic of Trump, leaves Republican Party. en. The Hill. July 4, 2019.
3. Web site: Schultz. Marisa. May 2, 2020. Amash, taking historic step to White House bid, becomes first Libertarian in Congress: 'I'm in the race to win it'. May 3, 2020. Fox News.
4. Web site: Maverick Democratic Rep. Eugene Atkinson of Pennsylvania -- who.... live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180627034122/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/10/14/Maverick-Democratic-Rep-Eugene-Atkinson-of-Pennsylvania-who/6392371880000/. June 27, 2018. June 14, 2019. UPI. en.
5. Web site: Sun. Baltimore. April 11, 1995. Georgia Congressman Deserts Demos / Nathan Deal is third to switch to GOP since Nov. 8. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190421040602/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Georgia-Congressman-Deserts-Demos-Nathan-Deal-3038357.php. April 21, 2019. June 14, 2019. SFGate.
6. Web site: Party Switcher Loses House Seat. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190215215907/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/party-switcher-loses-house-seat/. February 15, 2019. June 14, 2019. CBS News. September 19, 2000 . en-US.
7. News: Goode says he's leaving the Democrats. Josh Barney. The Daily Progress. Charlottesville, Virginia. January 25, 2000. A1. Newspapers.com.
8. News: Goode moves closer to Republicans. Associated Press. Washington, D.C.. The Daily News Leader. Staunton, Virginia. January 28, 2000. A3. Newspapers.com.
9. News: Goode shifts parties, finally joins GOP. David Lerman. Daily Press (Virginia). Newport News, Virginia. August 4, 2002. B3. Newspapers.com.
10. Web site: February 21, 1989. Congressman's Flip Gives GOP Advantage in Florida With AM-Bush Rdp. March 21, 2021. AP NEWS.
11. News: Democrat in House switches to GOP. Boston.com. live. June 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20180211071920/http://archive.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2009/12/23/democrat_in_house_switches_to_gop/. February 11, 2018.
12. https://books.google.com/books?id=BJIcAAAAMAAJ Galusha A. Grow: Father of the Homestead Law
13. Web site: Texas Rep. Hall switches to GOP. January 3, 2004. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125740/http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/01/02/elec04.h.party.switch/index.html. March 4, 2016. June 14, 2019. CNN.
14. News: U.S. Rep. Andy Ireland switches his allegiance to Republican Party. Associated Press. Winter Haven, Florida. St. Petersburg Times. March 18, 1984. St. Petersburg, Florida. 17A. Newspapers.com.
15. News: Congressnman Ireland switches to the GOP. From Herald Wire Services. Winter Haven, Florida. The Miami Herald. July 6, 1984. Palm Beach, Florida. 16A. Newspapers.com.
16. Web site: Lodi News-Sentinel - Google News Archive Search. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170324012523/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6pQ1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=JTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4476,2090478&dq=john+jarman&hl=en. March 24, 2017. June 14, 2019. news.google.com.
17. News: U.S. Rep. Laughlin switches to Republican Party. Maria Recio. Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Arlington, Texas. June 26, 1995. A14. Newspapers.com.
18. News: July 27, 2000. Martinez Switches to GOP in His Final Term. en-US. Los Angeles Times. June 14, 2019. 0458-3035.
19. Web site: Tapper. Jake. December 14, 2020. Congressman cites Trump's efforts to overturn election in announcing decision to quit GOP. December 14, 2020. CNN.
20. News: Truscott. Alan. April 24, 1974. Bridge: Politics Makes Strange ...., But What About Tablemates?. en-US. The New York Times. March 21, 2021. 0362-4331.
21. Web site: Donald W. Riegle, Jr.. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20190102032617/https://www.umflint.edu/archives/donald-w-riegle-jr. January 2, 2019. June 14, 2019. University of Michigan-Flint.
22. Web site: Robinson, Tommy Franklin - Biographical Information. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20121010091029/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000354. October 10, 2012. June 14, 2019. bioguide.congress.gov.
23. News: Barabak. Mark. September 24, 1981. Rep. Bob Stump, a conservative Democrat and administration supporter,.... UPI. January 5, 2021.
24. Web site: Silverman. Amy. October 13, 1993. The Stealth Congressman. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180924120133/https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/the-stealth-congressman-6426270. September 24, 2018. Phoenix New Times.
25. Web site: Mccaughan. Michael. March 22, 2010. Health Care Reform A Done Deal: Pharma Bets On The Right Horse. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021519/http://invivoblog.blogspot.com/2010/03/health-care-reform-done-deal-pharma.html. February 18, 2019. June 14, 2019. The IN VIVO Blog.
26. Web site: Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details. March 22, 2021. bioguideretro.congress.gov.
27. News: Seelye. Katharine Q.. March 4, 1995. Democrats Lose Senate Seat With Switch by Coloradan. en-US. The New York Times. live. June 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20181120055249/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/04/us/democrats-lose-senate-seat-with-switch-by-coloradan.html. November 20, 2018. 0362-4331.
28. Web site: Reuben Eaton Fenton Papers: Manuscripts and Special Collections. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180616082207/http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc10722.htm. June 16, 2018. June 14, 2019. New York State Library.
29. News: Kane. Paul. How Jim Jeffords single-handedly bent the arc of politics. August 19, 2014. Washington Post. August 18, 2014.
30. News: Graff. Christopher. May 24, 2001. Jeffords Leaves Republican Party. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20171230040537/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/20010524/aponline101750_000.htm. December 30, 2017. June 14, 2019. The Washington Post.
31. News: La Follettes Leave Republican Party To Form A New One of Their Own. Associated Press. Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. May 19, 1934. The Monitor. McAllen, Texas. May 20, 1934. 1. Newspapers.com.
32. News: La Follette Returns. Superior Telegram. The Rhinelander Daily News. Rhinelander, Wisconsin. March 25, 1946. 4. Newspapers.com.
33. Web site: Joe Lieberman's Congressional biography.
34. News: Lieberman: No Labels trying to 'make sure' Trump not reelected. May 5, 2023. Niels. Lesniewski. Roll Call.
35. Web site: Longtime Democrat Joe Manchin changes party affiliation to independent . 2024-06-04 . newsandsentinel.com/ . en-US.
36. Web site: Thornton. William. March 3, 2019. Richard Shelby now Alabama's longest serving senator. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042724/https://www.al.com/news/birmingham/2019/03/richard-shelby-now-alabamas-longest-serving-senator.html. March 31, 2019. June 14, 2019. al.com. en-US.
37. Web site: Sinema. Kyrsten. Sen. Kyrsten Sinema: Why I'm registering as an independent. December 9, 2022. azcentral.com. en-US.
38. News: Hulse. Carl. September 12, 2002. Campaign Season; G.O.P. Is Relieved At Republican's Loss. en-US. The New York Times. live. June 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20181106075637/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/12/us/campaign-season-gop-is-relieved-at-republican-s-loss.html. November 6, 2018. 0362-4331.
39. Web site: Infield. Tom. Sen. Specter dies; his fighting spirit praised. June 14, 2019. inquirer.com. October 14, 2012 . en-US.
40. News: September 17, 1964. Thurmond Break Is Made Official – He Will Work as Republican for Goldwater Election. en-US. The New York Times. live. June 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20180927180805/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/17/archives/thurmond-break-is-made-official-he-will-work-as-republican-for.html. September 27, 2018. 0362-4331.
41. Web site: New Hampshire Legislator Changes Registration from 'Republican' to 'Libertarian. July 29, 2016. Ballot Access News. July 27, 2016 .
42. Web site: Winger, Richard. June 29, 2019. New Hampshire Legislator Changes Registration from Republican to Libertarian. August 3, 2019. Ballot Access News.
43. News: Heckt. Shannon. Louisiana state representative changes political parties. April 27, 2023. BRProud. July 11, 2023.
44. News: January 28, 2019. Addiego No Longer Threatens Kim Re-election. New Jersey Globe.
45. News: December 10, 2007. Bossier Lawmaker Robert Adley Switches To Republican Party. KTBS. January 2, 2021.
46. Republican Delegation Welcomes State Senator Robert Adley to the Republican Party. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Louisiana Republican Legislative Delegation. December 10, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20161227174258/http://lrld.louisiana.gov/PDF/PressRel/lrld_PR_Dec10_07.pdf. December 27, 2016. January 2, 2021.
47. News: Zavala. Ashley. Democratic California State Sen. Marie Alvarado-Gil is switching parties to become a Republican. August 8, 2024. KCRA-TV. August 10, 2024.
48. News: Anderson. Ed. October 27, 2010. Lt. Gov. Scott Angelle switches political parties. The Times-Picayune. nola.com. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. January 3, 2021.
49. News: December 6, 1967. State Rep. Archer to Switch Parties. Houston Post.
50. Web site: W.R. 'Bill' Archer. January 3, 2021. Texas Legislators: Past & Present. Legislative Reference Library of Texas.
51. Web site: Reyes, B.J.. December 20, 2007. Awana switches to Democrats. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. December 2, 2013.
52. News: June 1, 1985. Rep. Baker of B.R. goes over to GOP. The Times-Picayune. Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
53. News: Ruskin. Liz. How to run in a House district the size of Germany? Pickled whale might help. August 5, 2024. Alaska Public Media. August 10, 2024. Baker was a Republican when Gov. Mike Dunleavy appointed him to the vacant seat in November. Now he's running as an independent..
54. News: February 14, 2001. Barham swaps party. 1. The West Carroll Gazette. Oak Grove, Louisiana.
55. News: Rep. Barras joins GOP. Baton Rouge Morning Advocate. live. August 23, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113326/http://theadvocate.com/home/582224-79/rep.-barras-joins-gop. March 4, 2016.
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95. Web site: December 29, 2014. Hawaii State Rep. Johanson Leaves Republican Party, Joins Democrats. March 21, 2021. Honolulu Civil Beat. en.
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100. Web site: Walton. Don. Krist drops independent bid, will challenge Ricketts as a Democrat. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180818214431/https://journalstar.com/legislature/krist-drops-independent-bid-will-challenge-ricketts-as-a-democrat/article_ea2fec1e-2f51-5548-a99c-43ebb34aadd3.html. August 18, 2018. June 14, 2019. JournalStar.com. February 12, 2018 . en.
101. Web site: Another Louisiana House Democrat has switched parties to Republican . April 10, 2023 . The Advocate . Sam . Karlin.
102. Web site: March 3, 2018. Expelled Rep. Lebsock changed party prior to vote, giving State House seat to GOP. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180620074216/https://kdvr.com/2018/03/02/expelled-house-rep-lebsock-changed-party-affiliation-prior-to-vote/. June 20, 2018. June 14, 2019. FOX31 Denver. en.
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125. Web site: As Democratic rural losses increase, state Rep. Tadlock says he is changing Parties, not changing sides The City Sentinel. December 10, 2018 . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405102002/http://city-sentinel.com/2018/12/as-democratic-rural-losses-increase-state-rep-tadlock-says-he-is-changing-parties-not-changing-sides/. April 5, 2019. June 14, 2019. en-US.
126. News: Scherer . Jason . State Rep. Shawn Thierry switches to GOP, says Democratic Party has 'lost its way"'. October 12, 2024 . The Texas Tribune . August 30, 2024.
127. News: Lifelong Democrat, Rep. Francis Thompson switches to the Republican Party . March 17, 2023 . . April 17, 2023 .
128. News: New Jersey state senator says he's leaving GOP to join Democrats. February 13, 2023. NBC News. February 11, 2024.
129. News: Lt. Governor Amy Tuck Switches to GOP. en. dead. July 10, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180711040141/http://www.msnewsnow.com/story/1033991/lt-governor-amy-tuck-switches-to-gop. July 11, 2018.
130. Web site: July 25, 2019. Likely successor of Puerto Rico's disgraced governor in crosshairs of wary protesters. Radio.com. en. December 8, 2019.
131. Web site: August 20, 2019. Puerto Rico Gov. Vázquez Outlines Plans for Island After Political Turmoil. NBC Miami. en. December 8, 2019.
132. Web site: August 21, 2019. Wanda Vázquez fue parte de la Asociación de Secretarios de Justicia de los demócratas. El Nuevo Día. es. December 8, 2019.
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