List of African American jurists explained

This list includes individuals self-identified as African Americans who have made prominent contributions to the field of law in the United States, especially as eminent judges or legal scholars. Individuals who may have obtained law degrees or practiced law, but whose reasons for notability are not closely related to that profession, are generally not listed here.

Attorneys and legal scholars

NameHistorical significance
Violette Neatley Anderson (1882–1937)[1] First African-American woman to practice law before the United States Supreme Court on January 29, 1926
Dennis Archer (b. 1942)[2] First African American president of the American Bar Association; former mayor of Detroit
Derrick Bell (1930–2011)[3] Proponent of critical race theory; law professor at Harvard University
Stephen L. Carter (b. 1954)[4] William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at Yale Law School
Johnnie Cochran (1937–2005)[5] Prominent defense attorney
Christopher Darden (b. 1956)[6] Associate District Attorney of Los Angeles who gained fame as a prosecutor in the O. J. Simpson trial
Marian Wright Edelman (b. 1939)[7] Founder of the Children's Defense Fund
Lani Guinier (1950–2022)[8] Voting rights scholar; first African American woman tenured by Harvard Law School
William Henry Harrison Hart (1857–1934)[9] Attorney who fought against Jim Crow laws
Barbara Jordan (1936–1996)[10] First African American Congresswoman from a southern state; while on House Judiciary Committee was influential in impeachment of Richard Nixon
Wade H. McCree (1920–1987)[11] Second African American (following Thurgood Marshall) to serve as Solicitor General of the United States
Barack Obama (b, 1961)[12] University of Chicago law professor, United States Senator, first African-American President of the Harvard Law Review, and 44th President of the United States of America
Ida Platt (1862–1939)[13] First African-American woman licensed to practice law in Illinois, and the third in the United States
Charlotte E. Ray (1850–1911)[14] First Black American female lawyer in the United States
Scovel Richardson (1912–1982)[15] Party to a housing desegregation case anticipating Shelley v. Kraemer; also a judge in federal courts from 1957
Patricia J. Williams (b. 1951)[16] Proponent of critical race theory; law professor at Columbia University
William F. Yardley (1844–1924)[17] Anti-segregation advocate; first African American candidate for governor of Tennessee (1876)

Others

Judicial officers

This is a dynamic list of African Americans who are or were judges, magistrate judges, court commissioners, or administrative law judges. If known, it will be listed if a judge has served on multiple courts.

JudgeCourt/agency and years of service (if known)State/territoryStatus
Sheila Abdus-Salaam[18] New York City Civil Court (1992–1993); New York Supreme Court (1993–2009); Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court, First Judicial Department (2009–2013); New York Court of Appeals (2013–2017)New Yorkdeceased
Nancy Abudu[19] United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (2023–)Georgiaactive
Henry Lee Adams Jr.[20] Fourth Judicial Circuit of Florida (1979–1993); United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (1993–)Floridaactive
Oscar W. Adams Jr.[21] Supreme Court of Alabama (1980–1993)Alabamadeceased
Fritz W. Alexander II[22] New York Appellate Division, First Department (1982–1985)New Yorkresigned
Raymond Pace Alexander[23] Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas (1959–1974)Pennsylvaniadeceased
Elreta Melton Alexander-Ralston[24] North Carolina District Court (appt. 1968)North Carolinadeceased
Arenda Wright Allen[25] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (2011–)Virginiaactive
Macon Bolling Allen[26] Justice of the Peace for Middlesex County (appt. 1848); Inferior Court of Charleston (appt. 1873); Charleston County Probate Court (appt. 1873)Massachusettsdeceased
Christopher M. AlstonBankruptcy Court, Western District of Washington (2015–)Washingtonactive
Rossie D. Alston Jr.[27] Court of Appeals of Virginia (2009–2019); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (2019–)Virginiaactive
Eldora Anderson[28] Perry County Probate Court (2006–)Alabamaactive
Percy Anderson[29] United States District Court for the Central District of California (2002–)Californiaactive
Saundra Brown Armstrong[30] United States District Court for the Northern District of California (1991–)Californiaactive
Israel "I.M." Augustine Jr.[31] Orleans Criminal District Court (1969)Louisianadeceased
Jacquelyn D. Austin[32] United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (2011–)South Carolinaactive
Henry Autrey[33] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (2002–)Missouriactive
Dionne Phillips Bagsby[34] Tarrant County Commissioners Court (1978–2005)Texasdeceased
Nannette A. Baker[35] Missouri Court of Appeals (2004–2009); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (2010–2023)Missouriretired
Cynthia Baldwin[36] Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas (1989–2005); Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (2006–2008)Pennsylvaniaretired
Shannon Baldwin[37] Harris County Court (2018–)Texasactive
Camara BanfieldClark County Superior Court (2021–)Washingtonactive
Patricia Banks[38] Cook County 5th Subcircuit (1994–2018)Illinoisretired
Boce W. Barlow Jr.[39] Connecticut Municipal Court (appt. 1957)Connecticutdeceased
Randolph Baskerville[40] North Carolina 9B Judicial District (2005–2014)North Carolinaretired
Gordon S. Baranco[41] Oakland-Piedmont-Emeryville Municipal Court (1980–1984); Alameda County Superior Court (1984–2016)Californiaretired
Lucia Bates[42] Harris County Justice of the Peace Court (2019–)Texasactive
Deborah Batts[43] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1994–2020)New Yorkdeceased
DeLawrence Beard[44] Sixth Judicial Circuit Court (1996–2007)Marylandretired
Cheri Beasley[45] North Carolina Supreme Court (2012–2020)North Carolinaterm ended
James A. Beaty Jr.[46] United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (1994–2018)North Carolinaretired
Diana Becton[47] Contra Costa County Municipal Court (1995–1998); Contra Costa County Superior Court (1998–2017)Californiaretired
Louis A. Bedford Jr.[48] Dallas Municipal Court (1966–1980)Texasdeceased
Wendy Beetlestone[49] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2014–)Pennsylvaniaactive
Romonda Belcher-Ford[50] Polk County District Court (2010–)Iowaactive
Kathleen Bell[51] Arkansas First Judicial District (1989–2016)Arkansasretired
Robert M. Bell[52] Circuit Court for Baltimore City (1980–1984); Maryland Court of Special Appeals (1984–1991); Maryland Court of Appeals (1991–2013)Marylandretired
Te'iva Bell[53] Harris County 339th District Court (2021–)Texasactive
DeAndrea G. Benjamin[54] South Carolina Circuit Court (2011–2023); United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (2023–)South Carolinaactive
Alfred H. Bennett[55] United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (2015–)Texasactive
L. Howard Bennett[56] Minneapolis Municipal Court (appt. 1957)Minnesotadeceased
Gail B. Bereola[57] Alameda County Municipal Court (1992–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (1998–)Californiaactive
Irene Berger[58] Kanawha County Circuit Court (1994–2009); United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia (2009–)West Virginiaactive
Karen Bethea-Shields[59] North Carolina 14th District Court (1980–1986)North Carolinaresigned
Deborah Biggers[60] Alabama Fifth Judicial Circuit (2014–)Alabamaactive
Loretta Copeland Biggs[61] United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (2014–)North Carolinaactive
A. A. Birch Jr.[62] Tennessee Court of Appeals (1987–1990); Supreme Court of Tennessee (1990–2001)Tennesseedeceased
Fannie Birckhead[63] [64] Worcester County Orphans' Court (1998–2002)Marylanddeceased
Kea S. Bird-Riley[65] 16th Circuit Court (2020–)Missouriactive
Andre Birotte Jr.[66] United States District Court for the Central District of California (2014–)Californiaactive
Ollie B. Bivins Jr.[67] Flint Municipal Court (1969–1972); Genesee County Circuit Court (1972–1982)Michigandeceased
Charnelle Bjelkengren[68] Spokane County Superior Court (2019–)Washingtonactive
Stuart Black[69] Isabella County Probate Court (2018–)Michiganactive
Carolyn Wade Blackett[70] Shelby County Criminal Court (1994–)Tennesseeactive
Jerry W. Blackwell[71] United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (2022–)Minnesotaactive
Juanita Boger-Allen[72] Cabarrus County District Court (2019–)North Carolinaactive
Kyra Harris Bolden[73] Michigan Supreme Court (2023–)Michiganactive
Victor Allen Bolden[74] United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (2014–)Connecticutactive
Jane Bolin[75] New York City Domestic Relations Court (1939–1978)New Yorkdeceased
Gia G. Bosley[76] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2017–)Californiaactive
Richard F. Boulware[77] United States District Court for the District of Nevada (2014–)Nevadaactive
Colin T. Bowen[78] Alameda County Superior Court (2018–)Californiaactive
Robert Bowers[79] Solano County Superior Court (2003–)Californiaactive
Amos E. Bowman[80] New York City Magistrates’ Court New Yorkdeceased
Susan Bragg[81] Oklahoma County District Court (1988–1999); Oklahoma Seventh District Court (1999–2005)Oklahomadeceased
Henry Bramwell[82] United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (1974–2010)New Yorkdeceased
William McKinley Branch[83] Greene County Probate Court (appt. 1970)Alabamadeceased
George Bridges[84] Nineteenth Judicial Circuit Court First Subcircuit (2012–2016)Illinoisretired
Cristal C. BriscoSt. Joseph County Superior Court (2021–2024); United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana (2024–)Indianaactive
Vernon S. Broderick[85] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2013–)New Yorkactive
Margo Kitsy Brodie[86] United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2012–)New Yorkactive
Alicia Brooks[87] North Carolina District Court (elect. 2014)North Carolinalost reelection
Claudette Brooks[88] Californiadeceased
Allen Broussard[89] Supreme Court of California (1981–1991)Californiadeceased
Aaron Brown Jr.[90] Portland Municipal Court (1968–1971); Multnomah County District Court (1971–1995)Oregondeceased
Ada E. Brown[91] Dallas County Criminal Court (2005–2007); Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas (2013–2019); United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas (2019–)Texasactive
Debra M. Brown[92] United States District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi (2013–)Mississippiactive
F. Keith Brown[93] [94] Illinois 16th Judicial Circuit (1991–2014)Illinoisretired
George H. Brown[95] Supreme Court of Tennessee (1980–1982)Tennesseelost reelection
Harry C. Brown[96] [97] Jasper County Probate Court (appt. 1987-1997)South Carolinasuspended
Homer S. Brown[98] Allegheny County Court (1949–1975)Pennsylvaniadeceased
Janice Rogers Brown[99] California Supreme Court (1996–2005); United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (2005–2017)Washington, D.C.retired
Larry Brown Jr.[100] Alamance County District Court (2017–)North Carolinaactive
Nannette Jolivette Brown[101] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (2011–)Louisianaactive
Ronnisha Bowman[102] Harris County Criminal Court at Law No. 2 (2019–)Texasactive
Yvette McGee Brown[103] Franklin County Court of Common Pleas (1993–2002); Supreme Court of Ohio (2011–2012)Ohioterm ended
Vanessa Lynne Bryant[104] United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (2007–)Connecticutactive
Wanda G. Bryant[105] North Carolina Court of Appeals (2001–2020)North Carolinaretired
William B. Bryant[106] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1965–1982)Washington, D.C.deceased
Frank Burgess[107] United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (1981–2010)Washington, D.C.deceased
Rhonda N. Burgess[108] Superior Court of Alameda County (Commissioner: 2003–2007; Judge: 2007–)Californiaactive
Lillian W. Burke[109] Cleveland Municipal Court (1969–1987)Ohiodeceased
Sharon M. Burney[110] Precinct 7, Place 2 in Harris County (2019–)Texasactive
Margaret Burnham[111] Boston Municipal Court (1977–1982)Massachusettsresigned
Garland E. Burrell Jr.[112] United States District Court for the Eastern District of California (1992–)Californiainactive
Sharon V. Burrell[113] Circuit Court for Montgomery County (2008–)Marylandactive
Louis B. Butler[114] Wisconsin Circuit Court, Branch 9 (2002–2004); Wisconsin Supreme Court (2004–2008)Wisconsinterm expired
Tjuana Byrd[115] Sixth Circuit Court (2021–)Arkansasactive
Rupert Byrdsong[116] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2014–)Californiaactive
Chinhayi Cadet[117] San Mateo County Superior Court (2021–)Californiaactive
Clyde S. Cahill Jr.[118] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (1980–2004)Missourideceased
Victoria Marie Calvert[119] United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (2022–)Georgiaactive
Gloria J. Cannon[120] Kern County Superior Court (2017–)Californiaactive
Larry Card[121] Superior Court of Alaska (1993–2017)Alaskaretired
Donine Carrington Martin[122] Charles County Circuit Court (2017–)Marylandactive
George Carroll[123] Contra Costa Municipal Court (1965–1982)Californiadeceased
Andrew L. Carter Jr.[124] United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2011–)New Yorkactive
Geoffrey N. CarterAlameda County Municipal Court (1988–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 1998–2013)[125] Californiaretired
Robert L. Carter[126] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1972–2012)New Yorkdeceased
Joan S. Cartwright[127] Alameda County Superior Court (1996–2014)Californiaretired
Denise J. Casper[128] United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (2010–)Massachusettsactive
Agnes Chappell[129] Birmingham Municipal Court (2002–2016); Alabama Tenth Judicial Circuit (2016–)Alabamaactive
Carlos Chappelle[130] Tulsa County District Court (1995–2015)Oklahomadied in office
Dewayne Charleston[131] [132] Waller County Justice of the Peace (2003-2009)[133] Texassuspended
Sharon Chatman[134] Santa Clara County Superior Court (2000–2020)Californiaretired
Sammie Chess Jr.[135] North Carolina Superior Court (1971–2007)North Carolinadeceased
Wentworth Cheswell[136] Rockingham County Justice of the Peace (1805–1817)New Hampshiredeceased
J. Michelle Childs[137] United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (2010–2022); United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2022–)Washington, D.C.active
Tanya S. Chutkan[138] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2014–)Washington, D.C.active
Crittenden Clark[139] St. Louis Justice of the Peace (appt. 1922)Missourideceased
Darcel D. Clark[140] New York Appellate Division, First Department (2012–2015)New Yorkresigned
Sidney Clark[141] Wilmington Municipal Court (1961–1966)Delawareresigned
Jessica G. L. Clarke[142] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2023–)New Yorkactive
C. Don Clay[143] Alameda County Superior Court (2003–)Californiaactive
Eric L. Clay[144] United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1997–)Michiganactive
Jason A. Clay[145] Alameda County Superior Court (2018–)Californiaactive
Denise Clayton[146] [147] Kentuckyactive
Franklin Cleckley[148] Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia (1994–1996)West Virginiaresigned
U. W. Clemon[149] United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama (1980–2009)Alabamaretired
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin (1996–2017)Wisconsinretired
Courtney Clyburn-Pope[150] South Carolina Second Judicial Circuit (2019–)South Carolinaactive
Lewis W. Clymer[151] Common Pleas Court for the City of Detroit (1956–1957); Recorder’s Court for the City of Detroit (1957–1977)Missourideceased
David H. Coar[152] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1994–2010)Illinoisretired
Ivory Cobb[153] or Ivorey Cobb[154] Colebrook Superior Court (1968-1981)New Hampshiredeceased
Jia M. Cobb[155] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2021–)Washington, D.C.active
E. Curtissa R. Cofield[156] New Britain District Superior Court (1991–2005)Connecticutretired
Dena M. Coggins[157] Sacramento County Superior Court (2021–)Californiaactive
Harry A. Cole[158] Supreme Bench of Baltimore City (1967–1977); Maryland Court of Appeals (1977–1991)Marylanddeceased
R. Guy Cole Jr.[159] United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1995–)Ohioactive
Tom Colbert[160] Oklahoma Supreme Court (2004–2021)Oklahomaretired
J. Carlton “J.C.” Cole[161] North Carolina Superior Court (2009–2021)North Carolinaretired
James H. Coleman Jr.[162] New Jersey Workers’ Compensation Court (1964–1972); Union County Court (1972–1977); New Jersey Superior Court (1978–1987); New Jersey Appellate Court (1987–1994); Supreme Court of New Jersey (1994–2003)New Jerseyretired
Myrlys Stockdale Coleman[163] Napa County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2019– 2020)Sacramento County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2020 –)Californiaactive
Sharon Johnson Coleman[164] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2010–)Illinoisactive
Curtis Lynn Collier[165] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee (1995–)Tennesseeactive
Audrey B. Collins[166] United States District Court for the Central District of California (1994–2014); California Second District Court of Appeal, Fourth Division (2014–)Californiaactive
Raner Collins[167] Pima County Superior Court (Judge Pro Tem: 1985–1988; Judge: 1988–1998); United States District Court for the District of Arizona (1998–present)Arizonaactive
Robert Frederick Collins[168] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (1978–1993)Louisianaresigned
Verda Colvin[169] Macon Judicial Circuit (2014–2020); Georgia Court of Appeals (2020–2021); Georgia Supreme Court (2021–)Georgiaactive
Charles Swinger Conley[170] Macon County Court of Common Pleas (elec. 1972)Alabamadeceased
C. Ellen Connally[171] Cleveland Municipal Court (1980–2004)Ohiodeceased
Annette CookOffice of Administrative HearingsWashingtonactive
Julian A. Cook[172] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1978–2017)Michigandeceased
Marcia G. Cooke[173] United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (2004–2023)Floridadeceased
Christopher R. Cooper[174] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2014–)Washington, D.C.active
Clarence Cooper[175] Georgia Court of Appeals (1990–1994); United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (1994–)Georgiaactive
James P. Cooper III[176] Los Angeles County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2020–)Californiaactive
LaDoris Cordell[177] Santa Clara Municipal Court (1982–1988) Santa Clara County Superior Court (1988–2011)Californiaretired
Gerald Council[178] Vicinage 7 Superior Court (1998–2015)New Jerseysuspended
Michelle Williams Court[179] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2012–)Californiaactive
Ronald K. Creighton[180] Contra Costa County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2004–)Californiaactive
Waverly D. Crenshaw Jr.[181] United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (2016–)Tennesseeactive
Kato Crews[182] United States District Court for the District of Colorado (2018–)Coloradoactive
Zina Pickens Cruse[183] Illinois 20th Judicial Circuit (2009–present)Illinoisactive
Raymond Dean Crutchley[184] Deschutes County Circuit Court (2018–)Oregonactive
Gordon Cuffy[185] Onondaga County Court (2017–)New Yorkactive
Mark E. Cullers[186] Fresno County Superior Court (2015–)Californiaactive
Taylor Culver[187] Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2005–2016)Californiaresigned
Jeffrey Cummings[188] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2019–)Illinoisactive
Tiffany P. Cunningham[189] United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (2021–)Washington, D.C.active
Donald Cureton[190] North Carolina District Court (2011–2018)North Carolinalost reelection
Herbert Curtis[191] Ventura County Municipal Court (1984–1998); Ventura County Superior Court (1998–2007)Californiadeceased
Angelita Dalton[192] Davidson County Criminal Court (2017–)Tennesseeactive
Jeremy C. Daniel[193] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2023–)Illinoisactive
Wiley Young Daniel[194] United States District Court for the District of Colorado (1995–2019)Coloradodeceased
George B. Daniels[195] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2000–)New Yorkactive
Hayzel Burton Daniels[196] Phoenix City Court (appt. 1965)Arizonadeceased
Beverly Daniels-Greenberg[197] Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 1996–2003; Judge: 2003–2012)Californiaretired
June Berry Darensburg[198] Louisiana Twenty-Fourth Judicial District Court (2006–)Louisianaactive
Elvin L. Davenport[199] Jackson County Circuit Court (1970–1980)Missourideceased
Horace A. Davenport[200] Montgomery County Court (1975–2003)Pennsylvaniaretired
John L. Davidson[201] [202] San Diego Municipal Court (1994–2010)Californiaretired
Andre M. Davis[203] United States District Court for the District of Maryland (1995–2009); United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (2009–2017)Marylandretired
Brian J. Davis[204] United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (2013–)Floridaactive
Carlton G. Davis[205] [206] Sacramento County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2017–2020; Judge 2020–)Californiaactive
Dedra Davis[207] Harris County District Court (2019–)Texasactive
Legrome D. Davis[208] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2002–)Pennsylvaniainactive
Leland Davis III[209] San Mateo County Superior Court (2010–)Californiaactive
Michael J. Davis[210] Hennepin County Municipal Court (1983–1984); Fourth Judicial District of Minnesota (1984–1994); United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (1994–)Minnesotaactive
Stephanie D. Davis[211] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (2016–2022); United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (2022–)Michiganactive
Terrye D. Davis[212] Solano County Superior Court (Judge Pro Tem: 2009–2014; Judge: 2019–)Californiaactive
Theodore Z. Davis[213] Camden County Superior CourtNew Jerseydeceased
Joseph Dawson III[214] United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (2020–)South Carolinaactive
Charles Bernard Day[215] United States District Court for the District of Maryland (1997–2022)Marylandretired
James Dean[216] Monroe County Court (appt. 1888)Floridadeceased
LaShann DeArcy Hall[217] United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2015–)New Yorkactive
Leland G. Degrasse[218] New York Appellate Division, First Department (2008–2015)New Yorkretired
Mercedes Deiz[219] Multnomah County Circuit Court (1972–1992)Oregonretired
Elisha Demerson[220] Potter County Court (Commissioner: 1980–1986; Judge: 1986–1990)Texasterm ended
Thomas Dickens[221] New York State Supreme Court (ret. 1984)New Yorkdeceased
Ursula Jones Dickson[222] Alameda County Superior Court (2013–)Californiaactive
Judith Nelson Dilday[223] Massachusetts Probate and Family Court Circuit (1993–2009)Massachusettsretired
William S. Diuguid St. Louis Magistrates’ Court Missourideceased
Bernice B. Donald[224] United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee (1995–2011); United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (2011–2023)Tennesseeretired
Earnestine Hunt Dorse[225] Memphis City Court (1990– 2019)Tennesseeretired
Dana Douglas[226] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (2019–2022); United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (2022–)Louisianaactive
Michael L. Douglas[227] Supreme Court of Nevada (2004–2019)Nevadaretired
Willard H. Douglas Jr.[228] Richmond Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court (appt. 1974)Virginiaretired
Gershwin A. Drain[229] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (2012–)Michiganactive
Allyson Kay Duncan[230] U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (2003–2019)Virginiaretired
Robert Morton Duncan[231] Supreme Court of Ohio (1969–1971); United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (1971–1974); United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (1974–1985)Ohiodecreased
Shauna Dunnings[232] 30th Circuit Court (2018–)Michiganactive
Linda Marie Dunson[233] Harris County District Court (2019–)Texasactive
Joseph E. Dyer[234] New York Domestic Relations Court New Yorkdeceased
Anita Earls[235] Supreme Court of North Carolina (2019–)North Carolinaactive
George Edgecomb[236] Hillsborough County Court (1973–1976) Floridadeceased
Harry T. Edwards[237] United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1980–)Washington, D.C.active
Jerry Edwards Jr.[238] United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana (2023–)Louisianaactive
Harry J. Elam[239] Massachusettsdeceased
Sara L. Ellis[240] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2013–)Illinoisactive
Christina Elmore[241] 17th Circuit Court (2019–)Michiganactive
Morrison C. England Jr.[242] United States District Court for the Eastern District of California (2002–)Californiainactive
Richard Erwin[243] United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (1980–2006)North Carolinadeceased
Stacy Boulware Eurie[244] [245] Sacramento County Superior Court (2007–2022) Third District Court of Appeal (2022–)Californiaactive
Kelli Evans[246] California Supreme Court (2023–)Californiaactive
Stephen Everett[247] Florida Second Judicial Circuit (2019–) Floridaactive
Charles S. Farmer[248] Detroit Common Pleas Court (1961–1965); Wayne County Circuit Court (elec. 1965)Michigandeceased
Walter M. Farmer[249] St. Louis Municipal CourtMissourideceased
Charlye O. Farris[250] Special Wichita County Court (appt. 1954); Texas 78th District Court (1973)Texasdeceased
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (1979–2020)Washingtondeceased
Henry C. Ferguson[251] Chicago Municipal Court (elec. 1951) Illinoisdeceased
Marshall Ferguson King County Superior Court (2018–)Washingtonactive
Wilkie D. Ferguson[252] Florida Industrial Claims Court (1973–1977); 11th Judicial Circuit Court of Florida (1977–1981); Florida Third District Court of Appeal (1980–1993); United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (1993–2003)Floridadeceased
Arthur S. Fickling[253] District of Columbia Court of Appeals (1968–1977)Washington, D.C.deceased
Bernard R. Fielding Sr.[254] Charleston County Probate Court (1976–1995)South Carolinalost reelection
Richard Fields[255] Riverside County Superior Court (Commissioner: 1991–2000; Judge: 2000–2017); California Fourth Appellate District (2017–)Californiaactive
Richard E. Fields[256] Charleston Municipal Court (1969–1980); South Carolina Circuit Court (1980–1992)South Carolinaretired
Kelvin D. Filer[257] Los Angeles Municipal Court (Commissioner: 1993–2002); Los Angeles County Superior Court (2002–)Californiaactive
Toria J. Finch[258] Harris County Criminal Court at Law No. 9 (2019–)Texasactive
Ernest A. Finney Jr.[259] Supreme Court of South Carolina (1985–2000)South Carolinaretired
Arthur O. Fisher[260] Dayton Municipal Court (1961–1970); Montgomery County Common Pleas Court (Domestic Relations) (elec. 1970) Ohiodeceased
Judith D. Ford[261] Alameda County Municipal Court (1982–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (1998–2002)Californiaretired
Arthur Fisher[262] Dayton Municipal Court (1961–1970); Montgomery County Common Pleas Court (1970–1994)Ohiodeceased
Lewis S. Flagg Jr.[263] Brooklyn Municipal Court (elect. 1953)New Yorkdeceased
James C. Flanigan[264] Denver District Court (elec. 1964)Coloradodeceased
Charles E. Fleming[265] United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (2022–)Ohioactive
Andrea Flint[266] Santa Clara County Superior Court (2010–)Californiaactive
Marquette Floyd[267] Suffolk District Court (1969–1989); Supreme Court of New York (appt. 1989)New Yorkretired
Geraldine Bledsoe Ford[268] Michigan Recorder's Court (1966–1998)Michigandeceased
John Thomas Fowlkes Jr.[269] United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee (2012–)Tennesseeactive
Ramona Franklin[270] Harris County District Court (2019–)Texasactive
Robert V. Franklin Jr.[271] Toledo Municipal Court (appt. 1960); Lucas County Common Pleas Court (appt. 1968)Ohiodeceased
Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong[272] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2015–2021); United States District Court for the Central District of California (2021–)Californiaactive
Shannon Frison[273] Massachusetts Superior Court (2013–)Massachusettsactive
Arianna J. Freeman[274] United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (2022–)Pennsylvaniaactive
Charles E. Freeman[275] Cook County Circuit Court (1976–1986); Illinois Supreme Court (1990–2018)Illinoisretired
Juanita Freeman[276] Minnesota Tenth Judicial District (2018–)Minnesotaactive
Teneka Frost[277] Schenectady City Court (2018–)New Yorkactive
Henry Frye[278] North Carolina Supreme Court (1983–2001)North Carolinaterm ended
Fernando J. Gaitan Jr.[279] United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri (1991–)Missouriactive
Leslie Abrams Gardner[280] United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia (2014–)Georgiaactive
Sherilyn Peace Garnett[281] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2014–2022); United States District Court for the Central District of California (2022–)Californiaactive
Carla Garrett[282] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2020–)Californiaactive
Ramona Garrett[283] Solano County Municipal Court (1992–1997); Solano County Superior Court (1997–2015)Californiaretired
Darrin P. Gayles[284] United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (2014–)Floridaactive
John D. Geathers[285] South Carolina Court of Appeals (2008–)South Carolinaactive
Albert B. George[286] Illinois Municipal Courts (elec. 1924)Illinoisdeceased
Mifflin Wistar Gibbs[287] Little Rock Police Court (1873–1875)Arkansasdeceased
Benjamin F. Gibson[288] United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan (1979–1999)Michiganretired
James T. Giles[289] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1979–2008)Pennsylvaniaretired
Patricia Tolliver Giles[290] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (2021–)Virginiaactive
Earl Ben Gilliam[291] San Diego Municipal Court (1963–1975); San Diego County Superior Court (1975–1980); United States District Court for the Southern District of California (1980–2001)Californiadeceased
Haywood Gilliam[292] United States District Court for the Northern District of California (2014–)Californiaactive
Vanessa Gilmore[293] United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (1994–2022)Texasretired
Walter H. Gladwin[294] Bronx Criminal CourtNew Yorkdeceased
Luther T. Glanton Jr.[295] Des Moines Municipal Court (1958–1973); Iowa District Court (1973–1985)Iowaretired
Robert D. Glass[296] Waterbury Superior Court (1978–1987); Supreme Court of Connecticut (1987–1992)Connecticutdeceased
Carmen Julia Lynn Goodman[297] Illinois Twelfth Circuit Court (2007–)Illinoisactive
Edward Gourdin[298] Roxbury District Court (1951–1958); Massachusetts Superior Court (1958–1966)Massachusettsdeceased
Donald L. Graham[299] United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (1991–)Floridaactive
Cy A. Grant Sr.[300] North Carolina District 6B Court (appt. 1989)North Carolinaactive
James E. Graves Jr.[301] Mississippi Supreme Court (2001–2011); United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (2011–)Mississippiactive
Angela Graves-Harrington[302] 246th District Court, Harris County (2019–)Texasactive
Shauna Graves-Robertson[303] Salt Lake County Justice Court (1990–)Utahactive
Lori Chambers Gray[304] Texas 262nd District Court (2019–)Texasactive
Clifford Scott Green[305] Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County (1964–1971); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1971–2007)Pennsylvaniadeceased
Nathaniel Green Jr.[306] [307] King County District Court (2011–)Washingtonactive
Samuel L. Green[308] Buffalo City Court (1973–1978); Supreme Court of New York (1978–2016)New Yorkretired
Joseph A. Greenaway Jr.[309] United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (1996–2010); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (2010–2023)New Jerseyretired
Clayton Greene Jr.[310] Maryland Court of Appeals (2004–2019)Marylandretired
George Greene[311] Wake County Court (1974–1995)North Carolinadeceased
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (2000–)Virginiaactive
Jonathan J. C. Grey[312] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (2021–)Michiganactive
Maurice W. Grey New York City Magistrates' Court New Yorkdeceased
Thomas L. Griffith[313] Los Angeles Municipal Court (1953–1968); Los Angeles Superior Court (1968–1972)Californiadeceased
Lydia Kay Griggsby[314] United States Court of Federal Claims (2014–2021); United States District Court for the District of Maryland (2021–)Marylandactive
Hubert Grimes[315] Florida 7th Judicial Circuit (1999–2013)Floridaretired
Stephanie Grogan Jones[316] Solano County Superior Court (2019–)Californiaactive
Pamela Gutierrez[317] Maricopa County Justice of the Peace (2003–2007)Alabamadeceased
Addeliar Dell Guy[318] Nevada Eighth Judicial District Court (1975–1996)Nevadadeceased
Ancer L. Haggerty[319] Multnomah County District Court (1989–1990); Multnomah County Circuit Court (1990–1993); United States District Court for the District of Oregon (1994–2009)Oregonretired
Amos T. Hall[320] Tulsa County District Court (1969–1971)Oklahomadeceased
Phyllis J. Hamilton[321] U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (2001–)Californiaactive
George C. Hanks Jr.[322] United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (2015–)Texasactive
Brenda Harbin-Forte[323] Alameda County Municipal Court (1992–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (1998–2019)Californiaretired
Eddie Hardaway Jr.[324] Alabama Seventeenth Judicial District (1995–)Alabamaactive
Lisa White Hardwick[325] Missouri 16th Judicial Circuit (2000); Missouri Court of Appeals (2001–)Missouriactive
Richard Harewood[326] Superior Court of Cook County (c. 1960) Illinoisdeceased
John R. Hargrove Sr.[327] District Court of Maryland for Baltimore City (1968–1974); Supreme Bench of Baltimore City (1974–1984); United States District Court for the District of Maryland (1984–1997)Marylanddeceased
Lubbie Harper Jr.[328] Connecticut Superior Court (1997–2005); Connecticut Appellate Court (2005–2011); Connecticut Supreme Court (2011–2012)Connecticutretired
Nathaniel R. Harper[329] Louisville Court (appt. 1888)Kentuckydeceased
Kevin D. Harrell[330] 16th Judicial Circuit Court (2012–)Missouriactive
Jeffrey L. Harris[331] [332] Iowa District Court (1997–2021)Iowadeceased
Jesse S. Harris[333] District Court of Tulsa County (ret. 2014)Oklahomaretired
John W. Harvey St. Louis CourtMissourideceased
Leroy R. Hassell Sr. Leroy R. Hassell Sr.[334] Supreme Court of Virginia (1989–2011)Virginiadeceased
William H. Hastie[335] United States District Court of the Virgin Islands (1937–1939); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1949–1976)United States Virgin Islandsdeceased
Alcee Hastings[336] 17th Judicial Circuit Court of Florida (1977–1979); United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (1979–1989)Floridaimpeached
Joseph W. Hatchett[337] Supreme Court of Florida (1975–1979); United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (1979–1981); United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (1981–1999)Floridaretired
Terry J. Hatter Jr.[338] Los Angeles Superior Court (1977–1980); United States District Court for the Central District of California (1980–)Californiainactive
William Joseph Haynes Jr.[339] United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (1984–2017)Tennesseeretired
George J. Hazel[340] United States District Court for the District of Maryland (2014–2023)Marylandresigned
Harry Hazelwood[341] Newark Magistrates’ Court New Jerseydeceased
Elliott Heard Jr.[342] Gloucester County Court (1984–1991)New Jerseydeceased
Wanda Keyes Heard[343] Baltimore City Circuit Court, 8th Judicial Circuit (1999–2019)Marylandretired
Thelton Henderson[344] United States District Court for the Northern District of California (1980–)Californiainactive
William J. Hibbler[345] Illinois Circuit Court, Cook County (1986–1999); United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1999–2012)Illinoisdeceased
A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.[346] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1964–1977); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1977–1991); United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (1979–1986); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1990–1993)Pennsylvaniadeceased
Madison Municipal Court (1992–1994); Dane County Superior Court (1994–2003); Wisconsin Court of Appeals (2003–2017)Wisconsinretired
Kellie Hill[347] [348] Cobb County’s Magistrate Court (2016–2020) Superior Court (2021–)active
Geraldine Hines[349] Massachusetts Superior Court (2001–2013); Massachusetts Appeals Court (2013–2014); Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (2014–2017)Massachusettsretired
Kelley B. Hodge[350] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2022–)Pennsylvaniaactive
Lisa Holder White[351] Illinois Sixth Judcicial Circuit Court (2001–2013); Illinois Fourth District Appellate Court (2013–2022); Illinois Supreme Court (2022–present)Illinoisactive
Cassandra Y. Holleman[352] Harris County Criminal Court at Law Texas No. 12 (2019)Texasdeceased
Jerome A. Holmes[353] United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (2006–)Oklahomaactive
Sharon Holmes[354] Tulsa County District Court (2014–)Oklahomaactive
Charlene Honeywell[355] United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (2009–)Floridaactive
Denise Page Hood[356] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1994–)Michiganactive
Benjamin Hooks[357] Shelby County Criminal Court (appt. 1965)Tennesseedeceased
Jeffery P. Hopkins[358] United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (1997–)Ohioactive
Odell Horton[359] United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee (1980–2006)Tennesseedeceased
Michele D. Hotten[360] Maryland Court of Special Appeals (2010–2015); Maryland Court of Appeals (2015–2024)Marylandretired
John A. Houston[361] United States District Court for the Southern District of California (2003–)Californiaactive
Andrew J. Howard District of Columbia Municipal CourtWashington, D.C.deceased
George Howard Jr.[362] Arkansas Supreme Court (1977–1979); Arkansas Court of Appeals (1977–1980); United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas (1980–1990); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas (1980–2007)Arkansasdeceased
John A. Howard[363] Elyria Municipal Court (1985–1998)Ohioretired
Joseph C. Howard Sr.[364] Supreme Bench of Baltimore City (1968–1979); United States District Court for the District of Maryland (1991–2000)Marylanddeceased
Karen Aileen Howze[365] Superior Court of the District of Columbia (Magistrate Judge: appt. 2002)Washington, D.C.retired
Kenneth M. Hoyt[366] United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (1988–)Texasactive
Mabel H. Hubbard[367] District Court of Maryland for Baltimore City (1981–1985); Circuit Court for Baltimore City (1985–1999)Marylanddeceased
Natalie Hudson[368] Minnesota Court of Appeals (2002–2015); Minnesota Supreme Court (2015–)Minnesotaactive
William Clarence Hueston Sr.[369] Gary Magistrate Court (appt. 1924)Indianadeceased
Rufus C. Huffman Sr.[370] Bullock County Probate Court (1976–1994)Alabamadeceased
Norma S. Huggins[371] King County Superior Court (1983–2000)Washingtonretired
Erica Hughes[372] Harris County Criminal Court at Law No. 3 (2019–)Texasactive
John Hulett[373] Lowndes County Probate CourtAlabamadeceased
LaShonda A. Hunt[374] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2023–)Illinoisactive
Clay E. Hunter[375] Canton Municipal Court Ohiodeceased
Robert B. Hutson[376] Orange County Superior Court (1982–2010)Californiaretired
Herbert J. Hutton[377] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1988–2007)Pennsylvaniadeceased
Todd D. Irby[378] [379] Placer County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2017–2018; Judge 2018–)Californiaactive
Roderick L. Ireland[380] Boston Juvenile Court (1977–1990); Massachusetts Court of Appeals (1990–1997); Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (1997–2014)Massachusettsretired
Earlean Isaac[381] Greene County Probate Court (1989–2016)Alabamaresigned
Brian Anthony Jackson[382] United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana (2010–)Louisianaactive
Carol E. Jackson[383] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (1992–2017)Missouriretired
Harrison S. Jackson[384] New York City CourtNew Yorkdeceased
Ketanji Brown Jackson[385] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2013–2021); United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (2021–2022); Supreme Court of the United States (2022–)Washington, D.C.active
Maria T. Jackson[386] [387] 339th State District Court (2009–2019)Texasresigned to seek for another office
Perry B. Jackson[388] Cleveland Municipal Court (1942–1960); Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court (1960–1973)Ohiodecreased
Raymond Alvin Jackson[389] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (1993–)Virginiaactive
Candace Jackson-Akiwumi[390] United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (2021–)Illinoisactive
George E. James[391] Beaver County Court (1998–2007)Pennsylvaniaretired
Andrew L. Jefferson Jr.[392] Harris County Family District Court (1970–1973); Texas 208th District Court (1973–1975)Texasdeceased
Bernard Jefferson[393] California Second District Court of Appeal (1975–1980)Californiadeceased
Deadra L. Jefferson[394] South Carolina Circuit Court (2001–)South Carolinaactive
Edwin L. Jefferson[395] Los Angeles Municipal Court (1941–1949); Los Angeles Superior Court (1949–1961); California Second Appellate District (1961–1975)Californiadeceased
Wallace B. Jefferson[396] Supreme Court of Texas (2001–2013)Texasresigned
Lindsay C. Jenkins[397] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2023–)Illinoisactive
Martin Jenkins[398] [399] Alameda County Municipal Court (1989–1992); Alameda County Superior Court (1992–1997); United States District Court—Northern (1997–2008); California First Appellate District (2008–2019); Supreme Court of California (appt. 2020)Californiaactive
Angela Jewell[400] New Mexico 2nd Judicial District Court (1996–2010)New Mexicoretired
Tommy Jewell[401] Bernalillo County Metropolitan Court (1983–1991); New Mexico 2nd Judicial District Court (1991–2005)New Mexicoretired
Z. Mae Jimison[402] Marion County Superior Court (1996–2002)Indianadeceased
Bernette Joshua Johnson[403] Louisiana Supreme Court (1994–2020)Louisianaretired
C. Anthony "Tony" Johnson[404] General Sessions Criminal CourtTennesseedeceased
Clifton Johnson (jurist)[405] North Carolina Court of Appeals (1982–1996)North Carolinadeceased
Golden E. Johnson[406] Newark Municipal Court (appt. 1974); Montclair Municipal Court New Jerseydeceased
Joseph D. Johnson[407] Kansas Third Judicial District (2005–2018)Kansasdeceased
Norma Holloway Johnson[408] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1980–2003)Washington, D.C.retired
Shanice Johnson[409] Sixth Circuit Court (2021–)Arkansasactive
Sterling Johnson Jr.[410] United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (1991–2022)New Yorkdeceased
Alesia Jones[411] Solano County Superior Court (2008–)Californiaactive
Bernard M. Jones[412] United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma (2015–)Oklahomaactive
C. Darnell Jones II[413] First Judicial District of Pennsylvania (1987–2008); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2008–)Pennsylvaniaactive
Charles W. Jones[414] Detroit Recorder’s Court (appt. 1950)Michigandeceased
DaSean Jones[415] Harris County District Court (2019–)Texasactive
Gaynelle Griffin Jones[416] First Court of the Texas Courts of Appeals (1992–1993)Texasdeceased
Jennifer L. Jones[417] Sedgwick County District Court (1992–2001); Wichita Municipal Court (2001–)Kansasactive
Joscelyn Jones[418] Alameda County Superior Court (2020–)Californiaactive
Napoleon A. Jones Jr.[419] San Diego Municipal Court (1977–1982); San Diego County Superior Court (1982–1994); United States District Court for the Southern District of California (1994–2009)Californiadeceased
Nathaniel R. Jones[420] United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1979–2002)Ohioretired
Okla Jones II[421] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (1994–1996)Louisianadeceased
Richard A. Jones[422] King County Superior Court (1994–2007); United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (2007–)Washingtonactive
Sidney A. Jones[423] Cook County Circuit Court (1960–1980)Illinoisdeceased
Steve C. Jones[424] United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (2011–)Georgiaactive
Tierra Jones[425] Clark County District Court (2017–)Nevadaactive
Tonya JonesHarris County Criminal Court at Law No. 15 (2019–)Texasactive
Tanya Jones Bosier[426] Superior Court of the District of Columbia (2017–)Washington, D.C.active
Claudia Jordan[427] Denver County Court (1994–2014)Coloradoretired
Robert E. JourdanChelan County Superior Court (2021–)Washingtonactive
J. Curtis Joyner[428] Chester County Court of Common Pleas for the 15th Judicial District of Pennsylvania (1987–1992); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1992–2021)Pennsylvaniaretired
Maria Araújo Kahn[429] Connecticut Superior Court (2006–2017); Connecticut Appellate Court (2017); Supreme Court of Connecticut (2017–2023); United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (2023–)Connecticutactive
Abdul Kallon[430] United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama (2010–2022)Alabamaresigned
Michelle KazadiLos Angeles County Superior Court (2021–)Californiaactive
Amalya Lyle Kearse[431] United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1979–)New Yorkactive
Damon Keith[432] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1967–1977); United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1977–2019)Michigandeceased
Angel Kelley[433] Brockton District Court (2009–2013); Massachusetts Superior Court (2013–2021); United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (2021–)Massachusettsactive
Cain James Kennedy[434] Mobile County Circuit Court (1979–1998)Alabamadeceased
Henry H. Kennedy Jr.[435] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1997–)Washington, D.C.inactive
Peter Killough[436] Supreme Court of Maryland (2024–present)Marylandactive
James C. Kimbrough[437] Lake County Superior Court (1974–1987)Indianadeceased
Klinette H. Kindred[438] United States Bankruptcy Court Eastern District of Virginia (2017–)Virginiaactive
Kimberly Kiner[439] LaPorte Superior Court (Judge Pro Tem: appt. 2013)Indianadeceased
Alex Kinlaw Jr.[440] South Carolina Circuit Court (2018–)South Carolinaactive
David M. Krashna[441] Alameda County Municipal Court (Commissioner: 1992–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 1998–2001; Judge: 2001–2015)Californiaretired
Leondra Kruger[442] California Supreme Court (2015–)Californiaactive
William Francis Kuntz II[443] United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2011–)New Yorkactive
Gary L. Lancaster[444] United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (1987–2013)Pennsylvaniadeceased
Adam B. Landy[445] United States Tax Court (2021–)Washington, D.C.active
Monique Langhorne[446] [447] Napa County Superior Court (2019–2023) Courts of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division One (2023–)Californiaactive
Rick Lawrence[448] Lewiston District Court (2000–2022) Supreme Judicial Court (2022–)Maineactive
Alison Renee Lee[449] South Carolina Fifth Judicial Circuit (1999–2023)South Carolinaretired
Amarra A. Lee[450] San Mateo Superior Court (2018–)Californiaactive
Eunice C. Lee[451] United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (2021–)New Yorkactive
Gerald Bruce Lee[452] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (1998–2017)Virginiaretired
Helen Shores Lee[453] Jefferson County Circuit Court (2003–2017)Alabamadeceased
Ida Leggett[454] Idaho Second District Court (1992–1998)Idahoresigned
George N. LeightonCircuit Court of Cook County (1964–1969); First District Appellate Court of Illinois (1969–1976); United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1976–1987)Illinoisdeceased
Ivan L. R. Lemelle[455] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (1984–)Louisianaactive
John T. Letts[456] Grand Rapids Municipal Court (elect. 1959); Kent County District Court (elect. 1967)Michigandeceased
Ola M. Lewis[457] North Carolina 13th Judicial District (appt. 1993)North Carolinadeceased
Timothy K. Lewis[458] United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (1991–1992); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1992–1999)Pennsylvaniaresigned
Reginald C. Lindsay[459] United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (1993–2009)Massachusettsdeceased
Sam A. Lindsay[460] United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas (1998–)Texasactive
Joe O. Littlejohn[461] San Diego County Superior Court (1995–2006)Californiaretired
Melony Lockwood[462] [463] Alaska Fourth Judicial District (2017–2021)Alaskaresigned
Steven Logan[464] United States District Court for the District of Arizona (2014–)Arizonaactive
Raymond Lohier[465] United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (2010–)New Yorkactive
James L. Long[466] Sacramento County Superior Court (app. 1982)Californiaretired
Mary Johnson Lowe[467] New York City Criminal Court (1971–1973); New York County Supreme Court (1973–1974); Bronx County Supreme Court (1975–1976); Supreme Court of New York (1977–1978); United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1978–1991)New Yorkdeceased
Alice A. Lytle[468] Sacramento Municipal Court (1983–1998); Sacramento County Superior Court (1998–2002)Californiadeceased
Conrad Mallett Jr.[469] Michigan Supreme Court (1990–1998)Michiganretired
William A. Mallory[470] Hamilton County Municipal Court (1993–2006; 2011–); Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas (2006–2009) Hamilton County First District Court of Appeals (2009–2011)Ohioactive
Mercer M. Mance[471] Marion County Superior Court (1958–1978)Indianadeceased
Robert J. Mangum[472] New York State Court of Claims (appt. 1971)New Yorkdeceased
Blanche M. Manning[473] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1994–2020)Illinoisdeceased
L. Casey Manning[474] South Carolina Circuit Court (1994–)South Carolinaactive
Jeralynn Manor[475] Harris County District Court (2021–)Texasactive
Calvin Mapp[476] Miami-Dade County Court (1973–1994)Floridadeceased
Algenon L. Marbley[477] United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (1997–)Ohioactive
Consuelo Bland Marshall[478] United States District Court for the Central District of California (1980–)Californiainactive
Thurgood Marshall[479] United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1961–1965); Supreme Court of the United States (1967–1991)Washington, D.C.deceased
Janice R. Martin[480] Kentucky District Court (1993–2009)Kentuckyretired
Joshua W. Martin III[481] [482] Superior Court of Delaware (1982–1989)Delawareresigned
Aaron B. Mason[483] Clayton County Superior Court (2016–) Georgiaactive
Rhonda Mason[484] Johnson County Court (2016–)Kansasactive
Andre Mathis[485] United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (2022–)Tennesseeactive
Albert Matthews[486] Los Angeles Superior Court (Assigned Judge: appt. 1993)Californiadeceased
James Campbell Matthews[487] Albany, New York Recorder's Court (1896–1899)New Yorkdeceased
Stephen L. Maxwell[488] Minnesota 2nd Judicial District Court (1967–1987)Minnesotadeceased
Mabel Mayfield[489] Berrien County Courts (2000–)Michiganactive
William E. McAnulty Jr.[490] Jefferson County District Court (1977–1980; 1983–1990; 1993–1998); Kentucky Court of Appeals (1998–2006); Supreme Court of Kentucky (2006–2007)Kentuckydeceased
Mark A. McCannon[491] Alameda County Superior Court (2013–)Californiaactive
Jesse McClure[492] 339th District Court (2019–2020); Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (2021–)Texasactive
LaRonda J. McCoy[493] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2017–)Californiaactive
Kari McCrea[494] Alaska Third Judicial District (2017–)Alaskaactive
Wade H McCree Jr.[495] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1961– 1966) United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1966-1977)Michigandeceased
Wade Harper McCree [496] [497] Wayne County Circuit Court (2004–2013; 2020–) suspended and reinstated Michiganactive
Joe Billy McDade[498] Tenth Judicial Circuit, State of Illinois (1982–1991); United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois (1991–)Illinoisactive
Gabrielle Kirk McDonald[499] United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (1979–1988)Texasresigned
Odell McGhee, II[500] Iowa District Court (2002–)Iowaactive
Theodore McKee[501] Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas (1984–1994); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1994–)Pennsylvaniaactive
Kevin McKeever[502] Iowa District Court (2015–)Iowaactive
Elwood S. McKenney[503] Roxbury District Court (appt. 1960)Massachusettsdeceased
Patricia McKinley[504] Bay District Municipal Court District (1982–1986)Californiadeceased
Theodore McMillian[505] United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (1978–2006)Missourideceased
Brandy R. McMillion[506] Michiganactive
Tyrone Medley[507] Utah Fifth Circuit Court (1984–1992); Utah Third Circuit Court (1992–2012) Utahretired
Cordell D. Meeks Sr.[508] Wyandotte County District Court (1972–1980)Kansasdeceased
Alfonza Menefee[509] Macon County Probate Court (1988–2019)[510] Alabamaretired
Orelia Merchant[511] United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2023–)New Yorkactive
Robin M. Meriweather[512] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2017–2024); United States Court of Federal Claims (2024–)Washington, D.C.active
Natasha C. Merle[513] United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2023–)New Yorkactive
Stephan P. Mickle[514] Alachua County Court (1979–1984); Florida Eighth Judicial Circuit (1984–1992); Florida First District Court of Appeal (1993–1998); United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida (1998–2021)Floridadeceased
Vicki Miles-LaGrange[515] United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma (1994–)Oklahomainactive
Brian Stacy Miller[516] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas (2008–)Arkansasactive
Sheila Miller[517] 41B District Court (2006–2010)Michiganretired
Herbert E. Millin[518] Philadelphia Municipal Court (appt. 1947)Pennsylvaniadeceased
Toni Y. Mims-Cochran[519] [520] Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2016–2022; Judge 2022)Californiaactive
Cameron Mitchell[521] Benton-Franklin Superior Court (2004–)Washingtondeceased
Irvin C. Mollison[522] United States Customs Court (1945–1962)New Yorkdeceased
Tamika Montgomery–Reeves[523] Delaware Court of Chancery (2015–2019); Supreme Court of Delaware (2019–2023); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (2023–)Delawareactive
Vershenia Ballance Moody[524] Illinois 6th Judicial District (2012–)Illinoisactive
Herman E. Moore[525] United States District Court of the Virgin Islands (1939–1957)United States Virgin Islandsdeceased
Lester V. Moore[526] Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic District Court (1976–1997)Virginiadeceased
Michelle Moore[527] 314th District Court (2019–)Texasactive
Raymond P. Moore[528] United States District Court for the District of Colorado (2013–)Coloradoactive
Terry F. Moorer[529] United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama (2007–2018); United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama (2018–)Alabamaactive
Michael R. Morgan[530] Supreme Court of North Carolina (2016–)North Carolinaactive
Ernest Nathan Morial[531] Louisiana Juvenile Court (1970–1974); Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal (1974–1977)Louisianadeceased
Brittanye Morris[532] Harris County District Court (2021–)Texasactive
Carl W. Morris[533] Alameda County Municipal Court (1988–1993); Alameda County Superior Court (1993–2012)Californiaretired
Denise Langford Morris[534] [535] Oakland County Circuit Court (1992–2022)Michiganretired
Elizabeth Morris[536] Anne Arundel County Circuit Court (2018–)Marylandactive
Angil Morris-Jones[537] [538] Merced County Superior Court (appt. 1997)Californiaretired or lost reelection
Franklin Morton Jr.[539] New York Municipal Court (appt. 1958); New York State Supreme Court (elect. 1969)New Yorkdeceased
Constance Baker Motley[540] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1966–2005)New Yorkdeceased
Harriet Mitchell Murphy[541] Austin Municipal Court (1973–1993)Texasretired
Richard E. Myers II[542] United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina (2019–)North Carolinaactive
Julien Neals[543] United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (2021–)New Jerseyactive
Adrienne Nelson[544] Multnomah County Circuit Court (2006–2018); Supreme Court of Oregon (2018–2023); United States District Court for the District of Oregon (2023–)Oregonactive
David Sutherland Nelson[545] Massachusetts Superior Court (1973–1979); United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (1979–1998)Massachusettsdeceased
P. Scott Neville Jr.[546] Illinois Supreme Court (2018–)Illinoisactive
Irma Newburn[547] [548] Oklahoma Fifth Judicial Circuit (2016–2021)Federal Immigration Judge(2021–)OklahomaTennesseeactive
Clifton B. Newman[549] South Carolina Circuit Court (2000–2023)South Carolinaretired
Jocelyn Newman[550] South Carolina Circuit Court (2016–)South Carolinaactive
Tara L. Newman[551] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2021–)Californiaactive
Robert N. C. Nix Jr.[552] Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1972–1996)Pennsylvaniadeceased
Troy L. Nunley[553] Sacramento County Superior Court (2002–2012); United States District Court for the Eastern District of California (2013–)Californiaactive
Jimmy Nunn[554] Dallas County Probate Court (2018–)Alabamaactive
Edirin Okoloko[555] Snohomish County Superior Court (2020–)Washingtonactive
Eileen A. Olds[556] Chesapeake Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (1995–2019)Virginiaretired
Solomon Oliver Jr.[557] United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (1994–)Ohioactive
Vernon D. Oliver[558] Connecticut Superior Court (2009–2023); United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (2023–)Connecticutactive
Dayo O. Onanubosi[559] Idaho Third Judicial District (2009–)Idahoactive
Revius Ortique Jr.[560] Supreme Court of Louisiana (elec. 1992)Louisianadeceased
Alexis Otis-Lewis[561] St. Clair County Court (1992–2009)Illinoisretired
Jalilah Otto[562] Jackson County Circuit Court (2017–)Missouriactive
Morris Overstreet[563] Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (1991–1999)Texasterm ended
Charles L. Owens[564] Oklahoma County District Court (1968–1998)Oklahomadeceased
Alan Page[565] Supreme Court of Minnesota (1993–2015)Minnesotaretired
Myles Paige[566] New York City Criminal Court (1939–1956); Domestic Relations Court (1958–1966)New Yorkdeceased
Wilma Palmer[567] Tulsa County District Court (2007–)Oklahomaactive
Darrel J. Papillion[568] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (2023–)Louisianaactive
Barrington D. Parker[569] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1969–1993)Washington, D.C.deceased
Barrington D. Parker Jr.[570] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1994–2001); United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (2001–)New Yorkactive
Gerald Parker[571] Montgomery County Common Pleas Court (2019–)Ohioactive
Linda Vivienne Parker[572] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (2014–)Michiganactive
James Benton Parsons[573] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1961–1993)Illinoisdeceased
Thomas H. Parrott[574] [575] Los Angeles Superior Court (Commissioner: 1990–2006)Californiaretired
Cecil B. Patterson Jr.[576] Maricopa County Superior Court (1980–1991); Arizona First Appellate Court (1995–2003)Arizonaretired
Gary D. Payne[577] Fayette County Court (1988–2011)Kentuckyretired
Latosha Lewis Payne[578] Harris County District Court (2019–)Texasactive
Sandra Peake[579] Harris County District Court (2019–)active
Benita Y. Pearson[580] United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (2008–)Ohioactive
John Garrett Penn[581] District of Columbia Court of General Sessions (1970–1971); Superior Court of the District of Columbia (1971–1979); United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1979–2007)Washington, D.C.deceased
Mia Roberts Perez[582] Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (2016–2022); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2022–)Pennsylvaniaactive
James E.C. Perry[583] Florida 18th Judicial Circuit (1999–2009); Supreme Court of Florida (2009–2016)Floridaretired
Matthew J. Perry[584] United States Court of Military Appeals (1976–1979); United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (1979–2011)South Carolinadeceased
Fredericka Phillips[585] Harris County District Court (2016–)Texasactive
Vel Phillips[586] Milwaukee County Circuit Court (1971–1978)Wisconsindeceased
Kenneth A. Phipps[587] Criminal Court of the City of New York (1958–1968)New Yorkdeceased
Risë Jones Pichon[588] Santa Clara Municipal Court (Commissioner: 1983–1984; Judge 1984–1998); Santa Clara Superior Court (1998–2019)Californiaretired
Juan Pickett[589] Louisiana 32nd Judicial District (2015–)Louisianaactive
Lawrence W. Pierce[590] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1971–1981); United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1981–1995)New Yorkretired
Victor Pippins Jr.[591] San Diego County Superior Court (2020–)active
Freddy Pitcher Jr.[592] Louisiana 19th Judicial District Court; Louisiana First Circuit Court of AppealLouisianaretired
Elizabeth Davis Pittman[593] Omaha Municipal Court (1971–1986)Nebraskadeceased
Donald F. Pitts[594] Los Angeles Superior Court (appt. 1984)Californiaretired
Marlon Polk[595] Fourth Judicial District Court (2005–)Nebraskaactive
Cecil F. Poole[596] United States District Court for the Northern District of California (1976–1980); United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (1979–1997)Californiadeceased
David M. Porter[597] Iowa District Court (2015–)Iowaactive
John D. Posten[598] United States District Court for the District of Montana (United States Commissioner: 1893–1917)Montanadeceased
Cleo Powell[599] Virginia Court of Appeals (2008–2011); Supreme Court of Virginia (2011–)Virginiaactive
Tanya Walton Pratt[600] United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana (2010–)Indianaactive
William A. Price[601] Justice of the Peace for Matagorda (appt. 1872)Texasdeceased
John E. Prim[602] Seattle Municipal Court (Judge pro tem: appt. 1954)Washingtondeceased
Doris Pryor[603] United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana (2018–2022); United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (2022–)Indianaactive
Jason K. Pulliam[604] Texas Fourth Court of Appeals (2015–2016); United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (2019–)Texasactive
Rudolph R. Pyle III[605] Madison County Circuit Court (2009–2012); Indiana Court of Appeals (2012–)Indianaactive
William D. Quarles Jr.[606] United States District Court for the District of Maryland (2003–2016)Marylandretired
Peggy Quince[607] Supreme Court of Florida (1999–2019)Floridaretired
Henry Ramsey Jr.[608] Alameda County Superior Court (1981–1990)Californiadeceased
Murlene J. Randle[609] San Francisco County Superior Court (2020–)Californiaactive
Robin Ransom[610] St. Louis County Family Court (2002–2008); 22nd Judicial Circuit Court (2008–2018); Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District (2019–2021); Missouri Supreme Court (2021–present)Missouriactive
Nusrat Rashid[611] Delaware County Court of Common Pleas (2019–)Pennsylvaniaactive
Monique F. Rauls[612] Louisiana 9th Judicial District Court (2015–)Louisianaactive
Johnnie B. Rawlinson[613] United States District Court for the District of Nevada (1998–2000); United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (2000–)Nevadaactive
Thomas J. Reddick Jr.[614] Broward County Court of Record; Florida Circuit Court Floridadeceased
Carlton W. Reeves[615] United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi (2010–)Mississippiactive
Dawna F. Reeves[616] Stanislaus County Superior Court (2008–)Californiaactive
Sheldon K. Rennie[617] Superior Court of Delaware (2018–)Delawareactive
Gloria Clark Reno[618] [619] Missouri 21st Judicial Circuit (2002–2020)Missouriretired
Dianne Renwick[620] New York City Civil Court (1977–2001); New York Supreme Court (2001–2008); Supreme Court, First Judicial Department (2008–)New Yorkactive
Edward A. Reid[621] Camden County Domestic Relations Court (appt. 1956)New Jerseydeceased
Robert L. Reid[622] [623] Las Vegas Alternate Municipal Court (appt. 1966-1970) Justice of the Peace for Las Vegas Township (1970–)Nevadaactive[624]
Scoval Richardson[625] United States Customs Court (1957–1980); United States Court of International Trade (1980–1982)New Yorkdeceased
Tony L. Richardson[626] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2012–)Californiaactive
Moxey Rigby[627] Nassau County District Court (elect. 1959)New Yorkdeceased
Elizabeth Riggs[628] San Diego Superior Court (1979–2011)Californiadeceased
Frances E. Rivers[629] New York City Court (1943–1963)New Yorkdeceased
Andree Layton Roaf[630] Arkansas Supreme Court (1995–1996); Arkansas Court of Appeals (1996–2006)Arkansasretired
Richard W. Roberts[631] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1998–)Washington, D.C.inactive
Terrie E. Roberts[632] San Diego County Superior Court (2019–)Californiaactive
Victoria A. Roberts[633] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1998–2023)Michiganretired
Alfred S. Robbins[634] New York State Supreme Court (appt. 1979)New Yorkdeceased
Aubrey Eugene Robinson Jr.[635] Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia (1965–1966); United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1966–2000)Washington, D.C.deceased
G. Bruce Robinson[636] Boston Juvenile Court (appt. 1948)Massachusettsdeceased
Julie Robinson[637] United States District Court for the District of Kansas (2001–)Kansasactive
Richard A. Robinson[638] Connecticut Supreme Court (2013–)Connecticutactive
Spottswood William Robinson III[639] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1964–1966); United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1966–1998)Washington, D.C.deceased
Stephen C. Robinson[640] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2003–2010)New Yorkresigned
Edward Rodgers[641] Palm Beach County Court (1973–1995)Floridadeceased
Dawn Rogers[642] Harris County District Court (2021–)Texasactive
Judith Ann Wilson Rogers[643] District of Columbia Court of Appeals (1983–1994); United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1994–)Washington, D.C.active
Eleanor L. Ross[644] United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (2014–)Georgiaactive
Joseph D. Roulhac[645] Akron Municipal Court (1967–1987)Ohiodeceased
Robert D. Rucker[646] Supreme Court of Indiana (1999–2017)Indianaretired
George Lewis Ruffin[647] Municipal Court, Charlestown District (appt. 1883)Massachusettsdeceased
John "Jack" H. Ruffin Jr.[648] Georgia Court of Appeals (1994–2008)Georgiadeceased
George L. Russell Jr.[649] Supreme Bench of Baltimore (1966–1968)Marylandretired
George L. Russell III[650] Maryland Circuit Court, Baltimore City (2007–2012); United States District Court for the District of Maryland (2012–)Marylandactive
Edith S. Sampson[651] Municipal Court of Chicago (1962–1966); Circuit Court of Cook County (1966–1978)Illinoisdeceased
James B. Sanderlin[652] Pinellas County Court (1972–1985); Florida District Court of Appeals (1985–1987)Floridadeceased
Willie Louis Sands[653] United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia (1994–)Georgiainactive
Anita L. Santos[654] [655] Contra Costa County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2012–2014; Judge: 2014–2022)Californiaretired
Ruth Sconiers[656] Buffalo City Court (1987–1993); New York Supreme Court 8th Judicial District (1993–2010); New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Fourth Department (2010–2016)New Yorkretired
Calvin L. Scott Jr.[657] Superior Court of Delaware (2003–)Delawareactive
Elisha Scott[658] [659] Michigan Department of LaborMichigandeceased
Gregory Kellam Scott[660] Colorado Supreme Court (1992–2000)Coloradoresigned
Kai Scott[661] Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (2015–2022); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2022–)Pennsylvaniaactive
Mary Stenson Scriven[662] United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (2008–)Floridaactive
Renard F. Shepard[663] Sacramento County Municipal Court (1998–1998); Sacramento County Superior Court (1998–)Californiaretired
Leah Ward Sears[664] Fulton County Superior Court (1988–1992); Supreme Court of Georgia (1992–2009)Georgiaresigned
Myra C. Selby[665] Indiana Supreme Court (1995–1999)Indianaretired
Jamel K. Semper[666] United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (2023–)New Jerseyactive
Phyllis Senegal[667] Lake County Superior Court (appt. 1975)Indianadeceased
Margaret B. Seymour[668] United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (1996–2022)South Carolinaretired
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (1993–2020)Missourideceased
Florida District Courts of Appeal (1979–1983); Supreme Court of Florida (1983–2003)Floridadeceased
Phrasel L. Shelton[669] San Mateo Municipal Court (1976–1988); San Mateo County Superior Court (1988–2004)Californiadeceased
Rod Shelton San Diego County Superior Court (2007–)Californiaactive
Michael A. Shipp[670] United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (2007–)New Jerseyactive
Benjamin Shobe[671] Jefferson County Circuit Court (1976–1992)Kentuckydeceased
Paul Allen Simmons[672] United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (1978–2014)Pennsylvaniadeceased
James E. Simmons Jr.[673] San Diego County Superior Court (2017–2023); United States District Court for the Southern District of California (2023–)Californiaactive
Leah Simms[674] Dade County Superior Court (appt. 1981)Floridaretired
Sandra A. Simms[675] Oahu Circuit Court (1991–2004)Hawaiiretired
Frederick Wayman "Duke" Slater[676] Cook County Superior Court (appt. 1960)Illinoisdeceased
Fred W. Slaughter[677] Orange County Superior Court (2014–2022); United States District Court for the Central District of California (2022–)Californiaactive
Gregory M. Sleet[678] United States District Court for the District of Delaware (1998–2018)Delawareretired
Charles Smiley[679] Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2007–2012; Judge: 2012–)Californiaactive
Charles Z. Smith[680] Supreme Court of Washington (1998–2002)Washingtondeceased
Erithe A. Smith[681] U.S. Bankruptcy Court—Central (1994–)Californiaactive
George Bundy Smith[682] New York Appellate Division, First Department (1987–1992)New Yorkretired
Karla Smith[683] Montgomery District Court (2012–2015)Montgomery County Circuit Court (2015–)Marylandactive
Lavenski Smith[684] Arkansas Supreme Court (1999–2000); United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (2002–)Arkansasactive
Lori K. Smith Washington Court of Appeals (2018–)Washingtonactive
Lynne H. Smith or Lynne M Hobbs[685] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2012–)Californiaactive
Micah W. J. Smith[686] United States District Court for the District of Hawaii (2024–)Hawaiiactive
Otis M. Smith[687] Michigan Supreme Court (1961–1966)Michigandeceased
Rodney Smith[688] Miami-Dade County Court (2008–2012); Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court of Florida (2012–2019); United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (2019–)Floridaactive
Doris Smith-Ribner[689] Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court (1987–2009)Pennsylvaniaretired
Joe Somers[690] Champaign County Court (elec. 1961)Illinoisdeceased
Theodore O. Spaulding[691] Pennsylvania Superior Court (appt. 1966)Pennsylvaniadeceased
James R. Spencer[692] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (1986–2017)Virginiaretired
Vaino Spencer[693] California Second Appellate District (1980–2007)Californiadeceased
Erica Standfield Brandon[694] North Carolina 17A Judicial District (2019–)North Carolinaactive
Booker T. Stephens[695] Eighth Judicial Circuit, McDowell County (c. 1985–2019)West Virginiaretired
William H. Stephens[696] Marin County Superior CourtCaliforniaretired
Barry Stevens[697] [698] Superior Court of Connecticut (1994–)Connecticutactive
Harold A. Stevens[699] New York Court of General Sessions (1950–1955); New York Supreme Court (1955–1974); New York Court of Appeals (1974–1977)New Yorkdeceased
Carl E. Stewart[700] United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (1994–)Louisianaactive
LaToyia Jenkins Stewart[701] Passaic County Superior Court (2017–)New Jerseyactive
Melody J. Stewart[702] Ohio 8th District Court of Appeals (2006–2019); Supreme Court of Ohio (2019–)Ohioactive
Charles M. Stokes[703] King County District Court (1968–1978)Washingtondeceased
Jesse N. Stone[704] Supreme Court of Louisiana (1972–1974)Louisianaterm ended
William Stone[705] Williamsburg-James City County Court (1968–1998)Virginiadeceased
Rita L. StottsCircuit Court in the Shelby County (2000–2009)Tennesseedeceased
Juanita Kidd Stout[706] Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1988–1989)Pennsylvaniadeceased
Diane Clarke Streett[707] Superior Court of Delaware (2010–)Delawareactive
Emmet G. Sullivan[708] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1994–)Washington, D.C.active
Laura Taylor Swain[709] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2000–)New Yorkactive
V. Raymond SwopeSan Mateo County Superior Court (2010–)Californiaactive
Daphne Sykes[710] Orange County Superior Court (2010 –)active
Germaine J. Tanner[711] Harris County District Court (2019–)Texasactive
Jack Edward Tanner[712] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington (1978); United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (1978–1991; 1991–2006)Washingtondeceased
Anna Diggs Taylor[713] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1979–2017)Michigandeceased
Tricia Taylor[714] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2019–)Californiaactive
Wilford Taylor Jr.[715] Hampton District Court (appt. 1995)Virginiadeceased
Darwin W. Telesiord[716] New York State Supreme Court, First Judicial District (elect. 1964)New Yorkdeceased
Clarence Thomas[717] United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1990–1991); Supreme Court of the United States (1991–)Washington, D.C.active
Holly A. Thomas[718] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2018–2022); United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (2022–)Californiaactive
John Charles Thomas[719] Supreme Court of Virginia (1983–1989)Virginiaresigned
Lawton E. Thomas[720] Negro Municipal Court (appt. 1950; court has since disbanded)Floridadeceased
Roderick B. Thomas[721] Dallas County Criminal Court (1874)Alabamadeceased
Lauren Thomasson[722] San Joaquin County Superior Court (2005–)Californiaactive
Alvin W. Thompson[723] United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (1994–)Connecticutinactive
Anne Elise Thompson[724] United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (1979–2001)New Jerseyretired
Emerson R. Thompson Jr.[725] Orange County Court (1976–1980); Ninth Judicial Circuit Court (1980–1993); Florida 5th Judicial Court (1993–2019)Floridaretired
Myron Herbert Thompson[726] United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama (1980–)Alabamainactive
Ojetta Rogeriee Thompson[727] United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (2010–)Rhode Islandactive
Patrick S. Thompson[728] San Francisco County Superior Court (2022–)Californiaactive
Trina Thompson[729] Alameda County Superior Court (2003–2022); United States District Court for the Northern District of California (2022–)Californiaactive
Willie Thompson[730] Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department (ret. 2001)New Yorkdeceased
Sherry M. Thompson-TaylorSan Diego County Superior Court (2022–)Californiaactive
C. Elliott Thornton[731] Harris County District Court (2021–)Texasactive
Patricia Timmons-Goodson[732] North Carolina Supreme Court (2006–2012)North Carolinaresigned
Patricia Titus[733] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2000–)Californiaactive
Demetrica Todd-Ruiz[734] Vineland Municipal Court (2017–2023)Salem Superior Court (2023–)New Jerseyactive
Shirley Tolentino[735] Jersey City Municipal Court (1976–1984); New Jersey Superior Court (1984–2010) New Jerseydeceased
Charles H. Toliver IV[736] Superior Court of Delaware (1990–2014)Delawareretired
Analisa Torres[737] New York City Criminal Court (2000–2002); New York City Civil Court (2003–2004); New York Supreme Court (2004–2013); United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2013–)New Yorkactive
Faya Ora Rose Touré[738] Alabama Municipal Courts (1973–1977)Alabamaresigned
Sandra L. Townes[739] City Court of Syracuse (1988–1999); Fifth Judicial District New York Supreme Court (2000–2004); 2nd Judicial Department of the New York State Supreme Court (2001–2004); United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2004–2018)New Yorkdeceased
Randa Trapp[740] San Diego County Superior Court (ret. 2021)Californiaretired
Marcus O. Tucker[741] Long Beach Municipal Court (appt. 1976–1985); Los Angeles Superior Court (1985–2004)Californiadeceased
Petrese B. TuckerUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2000–)Pennsylvaniaactive
Jasmine Twitty[742] Easley Municipal Court (2015–)South Carolinaactive
Ralph E. Tyson[743] United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana (1998–2011)Louisianadeceased
Franklin U. Valderrama[744] Circuit Court of Cook County (2007–2020); United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2020–)Illinoisactive
Leo Valentine Jr.[745] San Diego Municipal Court (1995–1998); San Diego County Superior Court (1998–2019)Californiaretired
Holly Veal[746] Henry County Superior Court (Flint Judicial Circuit) (2018–)Georgiaactive
Teresa Vincent[747] Guilford County District Court (2019–)North Carolinaactive
Joseph Cornelius Waddy[748] United States District Court for the District of Columbia.(1967–1978)Washington, D.C.deceased
Herman G. Walker[749] Superior Court of Alaska-Anchorage (2015–)Alaskaactive
Jamar K. Walker[750] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (2023–)Virginiaactive
Toni Wallace[751] Fort Bend County Court at Law No.5 (2016–)Texasactive
William H. Walls[752] United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (1994–2019)New Jerseydeceased
Reggie Walton[753] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2001–); United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (2007–2014)Washington, D.C.active
Horace Ward[754] Fulton County Civil Court (1974–1977); Superior Court of Fulton County (1977–1979); United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (1979–2016)Georgiaretired
James Ware[755] United States District Court for the Northern District of California (1990–2012)Californiaretired
Joyce Elise Williams Warren[756] Pulaski County Juvenile Court (1983–1990); Arkansas Sixth Judicial District (1991–2020)Arkansasactive
Lisa R. Washington[757] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2020–)Californiaactive
Pamela Scott Washington[758] Alaska District Court (2010–)Alaskaactive
Paul J. Watford[759] United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (2012–2023)Californiaresigned
James Lopez Watson[760] United States Customs Court (1966–1980); United States Court of International Trade (1980–2001)New Yorkdeceased
Robert B. Watts[761] Baltimore Municipal Court (appt. 1960); Supreme Bench of Baltimore City (1968–1985)Marylanddeceased
Gerald Webb[762] Hamilton County General Sessions Court (2019–)Tennesseeactive
E. Gregory Wells[763] Maryland Court of Special Appeals (2019–)Marylandactive
Ryan WellsFresno County Superior Court (2021–)Californiaactive
Briana Westry-Robinson[764] Wilcox County District Court (2017–)Alabamaactive
Nancy Cornelia Wheeler (formerly Francis)[765] Washtenaw County Trial Court (1990–2014)Michiganretired
Charles W. White[766] Court of Common Pleas (appt. 1955)Ohiodeceased
George Washington White[767] United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (1980–2011)Ohiodeceased
Maxine White[768] Milwaukee County Court (1992–2020) Wisconsin Court of Appeals (2020–)Wisconsinactive
Ronnie L. White[769] Supreme Court of Missouri (1995–2007); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (2014–2024)Missouriretired
Jamal Whitehead[770] United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (2023–)Washingtonactive
Helen Whitener[771] Pierce County Superior Court (2015–2020); Washington Supreme Court (2020–)Washingtonactive
Marshall I. Whitley[772] Alameda County Municipal Court (1993–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (1998–2013)Californiaretired
Tadia Whitner[773] Gwinnett County Superior Court (2019–)Georgiaactive
Susan D. Wigenton[774] United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (2006–)New Jerseyactive
Alton W. Wiley Sr.[775] Rhode Island District Court (1981–1991); Rhode Island Superior Court (appt. 1991)Rhode Islandretired
Monica Wiley[776] San Francisco County Superior Court (2009–)Californiaactive
Henry "Hank" Wilkins IV[777] [778] Jefferson County Court (2017–2018)Arkansasresigned
Robert L. Wilkins[779] United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2010–2014); United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2014–)Washington, D.C.active
Alexander Williams Jr.[780] United States District Court for the District of Maryland (1994–2014)Marylandretired
Ann Claire Williams[781] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1985–1999); United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (1999–2018)Illinoisretired
Arthur G. WilliamsMadison Circuit CourtConnecticutdeceased
David W. Williams[782] Los Angeles Municipal Court (1956–1962); Los Angeles County Superior Court (1962–1969); United States District Court for the Central District of California (1969–2000)Californiadeceased
Felicia Toney Williams[783] [784] Louisiana Second Circuit Court of Appeal (1992– 2020)Louisianaretired
Gregory B. Williams[785] United States District Court for the District of Delaware (2022–)Delawareactive
Janice M. WilliamsSolano County Superior Court (2021–)Californiaactive
Jean Williams[786] Tucson Municipal Courts (1974–1976); Phoenix Municipal Court (1976–1996)Arizonadeceased
LaShawn A. Williams[787] Harris County Civil. Court at Law #3 (2018–)Texasactive
Karen M. Williams[788] United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (2009–)New Jerseyactive
Milton L. Williams[789] Supreme Court of the State of New York (1993–2002, 2003–2008)New Yorkretired
Oliver D. Williams[790] New York State Supreme Court (1963–1968)New Yorkdeceased
Omar A. Williams[791] Connecticut Superior Court for the District of New London (2016–2021); United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (2021–)Connecticutactive
Superior Court of the District of Columbia (2024–)Washington, D.C.active
Charles R. Wilson[792] United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (1999–)Floridaactive
Lionel Wilson[793] Alameda County Municipal Court (1960–1964); Alameda County Superior Court (1964–1977)Californiadeceased
Brian C. Wimes[794] United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri/United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (2012–)Missouriactive
United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi (1985–)Alabamaactive
Joan Winn[795] [796] Dallas County Court at Law (1975–1978); 191st District Court (appt. 1978)Texasretired
Andrea R. Wood[797] United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2013–)Illinoisactive
Gregory Howard Woods[798] United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2013–)New Yorkactive
Joseph Wood[799] [800] Washington County (2017–2023?)Arkansasresigned to seek different office
W. Fillmore WoodUnion County Court New Jerseydeceased
Supreme Court of South Carolina (1870–1877)South Carolinadeceased
Otis D. Wright II[801] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2005–2007); United States District Court for the Central District of California (2007–)Californiaactive
Wilhelmina Wright[802] Ramsey County District Court (2000–2002); Minnesota Court of Appeals (2002–2012); Minnesota Supreme Court (2012–2016); United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (2016–)Minnesotaactive
James A. Wynn Jr.[803] North Carolina Supreme Court (1998); North Carolina Court of Appeals (1999–2010); United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (2010–)North Carolinaactive
Robert W. Yancey[804] Essex County Court (1960–1972)New Jerseydeceased
Staci Michelle Yandle[805] United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois (2014–)Illinoisactive
K. Patrick Yarbrough[806] Illinois 17th Judicial Circuit Court (2007–2019)Illinoisretired
Lowynn Y. Young[807] Los Angeles County Superior Court (2021–)Californiaactive
Reuben Young[808] North Carolina Court of Appeals (2019–2020)North Carolinaactive
Roderick C. Young[809] United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (2014–)Virginiaactive
John Milton Younge[810] Court of Common Pleas for Philadelphia County (1996–2019); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2019–)Pennsylvaniaactive

See also

Bibliography

Book: Smith, John Clay Jr.. Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844–1944. 1999. University of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 9780812216851.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Violette Neatly Anderson is the first black woman to practice law before the U.S. Supreme Court (2010-01-29). en-US. January 15, 2020.
  2. Dennis Archer Becomes First African American President-Elect of the American Bar Association https://web.archive.org/web/20021117235458/http://www.usmayors.org/uscm/us_mayor_newspaper/documents/09_09_02/archer.asp
  3. http://smithsonianassociates.org/programs/bell/bell.htm Derrick Bell: The Art and Dynamics of Protest
  4. http://www.law.yale.edu/faculty/SCarter.htm Yale Law School page on Stephen L. Carter
  5. http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/03/29/cochran.obit/ CNN obituary of Cochran
  6. Web site: UMKC Biography of Christopher Darden. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20051228131046/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Simpson/Darden.htm. December 28, 2005. December 23, 2005.
  7. Web site: Women's History Profile of Marian Wright Edelman . December 25, 2005 . January 4, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170104125926/http://womenshistory.about.com/od/marianwrightedelman/p/m_w_edelman.htm . dead .
  8. http://www.law.harvard.edu/alumni/bulletin/backissues/spring99/article3.html Harvard University biography of Lani Guinier
  9. Gates, Jr. and Higginbotham, African American National Biography, Volume 4. (2008), p. 104.
  10. http://www.house.gov/jacksonlee/AllAboutHouston/barbara_charline_jordan.htm United States Congress biography of Barbara Jordan
  11. News: Wade H. McCree Jr. Dies at 67; Was Judge and Solicitor General. Pace. Eric. September 1, 1987. The New York Times. January 15, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  12. Web site: Famous Firsts by African Americans.
  13. IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. January 1, 1894. Ida Platt. Girls Want to Study Law: 100 Years of Women Graduates.
  14. Book: Wallenfeldt, Jeff . Black American Biographies: The Journey of Achievement. August 15, 2010. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 978-1-61530-137-9. en.
  15. Gordon . Colin . Dress rehearsal for Shelley: Scovel Richardson and the challenge to racial restrictions in St. Louis . Washington University Journal of Law & Policy . 2022-01-01 . 67 . 1 . 1 March 2022.
  16. http://www.wellesley.edu/PublicAffairs/Commencement/2005/PWilliams.html Commencement speech by Patricia Williams
  17. Lewis Laska, William F. Yardley. Retrieved: April 5, 2011.
  18. Web site: Judge Sheila Abdus-Salaam, Described as 'Trailblazer,' Found Dead in New York (2017-04-13). NBC News. en-US.
  19. Web site: Long. Colleen. December 23, 2021. 40 federal judges confirmed in 2021; Biden nominates 2 more. Associated Press.
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  21. Web site: Oscar Adams, A Pioneer As Alabama Top Justice. February 18, 1997. The New York Times. en-US.
  22. Web site: Fritz W. Alexander II. Historical Society of the New York Courts. en-US. February 17, 2020.
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  24. Web site: Ralston, Elreta Melton Alexander NCpedia. www.ncpedia.org. January 24, 2020.
  25. Web site: Allen, Arenda Lauretta Wright. Federal Judicial Center. January 21, 2020. en-US.
  26. Web site: Macon Bolling Allen (1816–1894). BlackPast.org. December 31, 2008. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  27. Web site: Alston, Rossie David, Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. August 26, 2021. en-US.
  28. Web site: West Alabama Roundup: Fayette Sheriff Goes Down in Runoff. Tuscaloosa News. July 19, 2006. en-US.
  29. Web site: Percy Anderson. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  30. Web site: Saundra Brown Armstrong. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  31. Web site: Blakeview: Remembering pioneering Black jurists Israel Augustine Jr. and Revius Ortique Jr.. January 24, 2022. NOLA.com. en.
  32. Web site: Raymond . Nate . January 24, 2024 . US Senate confirms two Biden judicial nominees in Republican-led states . January 24, 2024 . Reuters.
  33. Web site: Henry Edward Autrey. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  34. Web site: Leader, educator, friend — Dionne Bagsby, first black Tarrant County commissioner, dies. January 11, 2019. Fort Worth Star-Telegram. en-US.
  35. Web site: The Hon. Nannette A. Baker. American Law Institute. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  36. Web site: Tucker, Petrese B.. Federal Judicial Center. en-US.
  37. Web site: 2018-11-10. 17 black women elected as judges make history. 2018-12-20. KTNV. en.
  38. Web site: Retired Judge Patricia Banks to Serve as Interim COPA Chief. 2022-02-22. WTTW News. en.
  39. Web site: Boce W. Barlow Jr., 89; Connecticut's First Black Judge, Senator. Los Angeles Times. February 2, 2005. en-US. February 2, 2005.
  40. Web site: Randolph Baskerville. Baskerville & Baskerville, PLLC. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  41. Web site: UC Davis School of Law – Profiles – Gordon S. Baranco. law.ucdavis.edu. January 16, 2020.
  42. Web site: Harris County Justice of the Peace (Pct. 3, Place 2). 2022-02-25. jp.hctx.net.
  43. Web site: Deborah Batts. Federal Judicial Center. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  44. Web site: Honorable DeLawrence Beard. The History Makers. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221305/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/biography.asp?bioindex=470&category=Lawmakers&occupation=Circuit%20Court%20Judge&name=Hon.%20DeLawrence%20Beard. March 3, 2016.
  45. Web site: Meet Cheri Beasley, North Carolina's first Black female Chief Justice. The Daily Tar Heel. February 19, 2020.
  46. Web site: James A. Beaty Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  47. Web site: Diana Becton Shakes Up the DA's Office. www.oaklandmagazine.com. January 16, 2020.
  48. Web site: Louis A. Bedford, Dallas County's first black judge, dead at 88 (2014-04-10). The Dallas Morning News. April 10, 2014. en-US.
  49. Web site: Wendy Beetlestone. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  50. Web site: Law alumna selected as first black female judge in Iowa (2010-10-11). Drake University. October 11, 2010. en-US.
  51. Web site: 3 Blacks Get Judgeships in Arkansas from Governor (1989-10-09). October 9, 1989. Johnson Publishing Company. en-US.
  52. Web site: Robert M. Bell, Chief Judge, Maryland Court of Appeals. msa.maryland.gov. March 10, 2020.
  53. Web site: Te'iva Bell and Candance White Seek the Vote for Judge of Houston's 339th District Court. 2022-02-24. Texas Lawyer. en.
  54. Web site: Benjamin, DeAndrea Gist. Federal Judicial Center. February 21, 2023. en-US.
  55. Web site: Alfred H. Bennett. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  56. Web site: Judge L. Howard Bennett, grandson of slave, broke race barriers in Minnesota, Minneapolis. Star Tribune. January 25, 2020.
  57. Web site: Oakland program redefines juvenile justice. Payton. Brenda. June 21, 2009. SFGate. January 16, 2020.
  58. Web site: Berger, Irene Cornelia. Federal Judicial Center. January 21, 2020. en-US.
  59. Web site: And Justice for All » Karen Bethea-Shields, First Female Judge in Durham County, 1980–1986. January 24, 2020.
  60. Web site: Deborah Biggers '75 Elected District Court Judge in Alabama. Fisk University. January 6, 2015. en-US.
  61. Web site: Loretta Copeland Biggs. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  62. Web site: Justice A.A. Birch Jr. left imprint on state judiciary (2011-08-27). The Tennessean. en-US.
  63. News: Gates . Deborah . 2002-12-22 . NAACP: Lower Shore chapters focus on politics, housing . 4 . The Daily Times . 2023-07-15 . Newspapers.com.
  64. News: Gates . Deborah . 2002-11-15 . Activist seeks to oust NAACP president . 2 . The Daily Times . 2023-07-15.
  65. Web site: Division 27 - Judge Kea S. Bird-Riley - 16th Circuit Court of Jackson County, Missouri . 2022-02-28 . www.16thcircuit.org.
  66. Web site: Andre Birotte Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  67. Web site: Ollie B. Bivins Jr.: Georgia native ruled with passion in two Genesee County courts. Michigan LIVE (January 3, 2008). January 31, 2008. en-US.
  68. Web site: Gov. Inslee appoints first female African American judge in Eastern Washington to Spokane County Superior Court. The Spokesman-Reviewl. April 10, 2019. en-US.
  69. Web site: Black elected Isabella County probate judge (2018-11-07). The Morning Sun. November 7, 2018. en-US.
  70. Web site: Milestones « Ben F. Jones Chapter of the National Bar Association . 2020-03-05 . benfjones.com.
  71. Web site: Blackwell, Jerry Wayne. Federal Judicial Center. 2022-12-14. en-US.
  72. Web site: 'It's a calling': Cabarrus County swears in first African-American district judge. Barber. Mark. WSOC. January 2019. en-US. January 24, 2020.
  73. Web site: January 2, 2023 . Kyra Harris Bolden, great-granddaughter of lynching victim, becomes first Black woman justice on Michigan Supreme Court . . January 9, 2023 . en.
  74. Web site: Victor Allen Bolden. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  75. Web site: Remembering Jane Bolin, the first African-American female judge in the U.S.. February 27, 2019. New Haven Register. January 24, 2020.
  76. Web site: Six Receive Judgeships on Los Angeles Superior Court. 2022-02-20. www.metnews.com.
  77. Web site: Richard Franklin Boulware II. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  78. Web site: ACBA Board Member Colin Bowen and Patrick McKinney Appointed to the Superior Court of California, Alameda County. ACBA. December 17, 2018. February 11, 2020. en-US.
  79. Web site: Stashyn, Bowers take leadership roles in Solano courts. July 25, 2019. Daily Republic. January 15, 2020.
  80. Web site: Negro Judgeships at Record High. Ebony Magazine. July 1962. Johnson Publishing Company. February 14, 2020. en-US.
  81. Web site: District judge dies at home after fight with cancer at 56. The Oklahoman. July 19, 2005. July 19, 2005. en-US.
  82. Web site: Bramwell, Henry. Federal Judicial Center. 2021-07-20. en-US.
  83. Web site: Civil rights figure, first black probate judge William McKinley Branch dies in Alabama at 95. TuscaloosaNews.com. January 15, 2014. en-US.
  84. Web site: Veteran Lake County judges announce plans to retire. Newton. Jim. chicagotribune.com. January 25, 2020.
  85. Web site: Vernon S. Broderick. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  86. Web site: Margo Kitsy Brodie. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  87. Web site: Two black NC judges lost races under new districts. They're fighting the change.. November 21, 2019. Charlotte Observer. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20191122153034/https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/election/article237576034.html. November 22, 2019.
  88. Book: Boyd, Gerald M.. My Times in Black and White: Race and Power at the New York Times. February 2010. Chicago Review Press. 978-1-56976-558-6. en.
  89. Web site: A California Supreme Court Justice Looks at Law and Society, 1964–1996. oac.cdlib.org. February 12, 2020.
  90. Web site: Tribute to Oregon Judge Aaron Brown '59. Lewis. Portl. en. January 23, 2020.
  91. Web site: Brown, Ada Elene. Federal Judicial Center. October 29, 2021. en-US.
  92. Web site: Debra M. Brown. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  93. Web site: Elgin Attorney Is 1st Black Named to the Kane County Bench. Kendall. Peter. chicagotribune.com. en-US. January 25, 2020.
  94. Web site: First black judge in Kane County set to retire. Hitzeman. Harry. July 1, 2014. Daily Herald. en-US. January 25, 2020.
  95. Web site: George Henry Brown, Jr. (1939–). BlackPast.org. March 25, 2018. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  96. Web site: First Black Probate Judge Elected in S. Carolina (1987-02-16). Jet Magazine. en-US. Johnson Publishing Company. February 16, 1987.
  97. Web site: November 8, 1999 . IN RE: Harry C. BROWN (1999) . November 11, 2023 . FindLaw.
  98. Web site: Homer S. Brown Biography. Allegheny County Bar Association. January 23, 2020. en-US.
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  101. Web site: Brown, Nannette Jolivette. Federal Judicial Center. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  102. Web site: Harris County Criminal Court at Law No. 2. 2022-02-25. www.ccl.hctx.net.
  103. Web site: Supreme Court of Ohio Swearing-In Ceremony: Justice Yvette McGee Brown (2011-01-08). The Ohio Channel. en-US.
  104. Web site: Vanessa Lynne Bryant. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  105. Web site: Wanda Bryant North Carolina Judicial Branch. www.nccourts.gov. February 19, 2020.
  106. Web site: Bryant, William Benson. Federal Judicial Center. March 3, 2023. en-US.
  107. Web site: Burgess, Franklin D.. Federal Judicial Center. March 3, 2023. en-US.
  108. Web site: Rhonda Burgess. Hill. Evan. August 12, 2008. Law.com. en. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20200116045218/https://www.law.com/almID/1202423700636/. January 16, 2020. January 16, 2020.
  109. Web site: Lillian W. Burke, 94, was Ohio's first black woman judge: news obituary (2012-03-29). Cleveland.com. March 29, 2012. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  110. Web site: Sharon M. Burney Prevention Institute. 2022-02-25. www.preventioninstitute.org.
  111. Web site: Faculty Directory: Margaret A. Burnham. Northeastern University School of Law. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  112. Web site: Garland Ellis Burrell Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
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  115. Web site: Tjuana C. Byrd B.A.'91. 2022-02-26. www.arkansasalumni.org. en.
  116. Web site: Brown Names 15 Judges, Eight of Them in Los Angeles County. 2022-02-20. www.metnews.com.
  117. Web site: 2021-07-10 . Governor Newsom Announces Judicial Appointments 7.9.21 . 2022-08-25 . California Governor . en.
  118. Web site: Cahill, Clyde S.. Federal Judicial Center. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  119. Web site: Calvert, Victoria Marie. Federal Judicial Center. March 24, 2022. en-US.
  120. Web site: NAACP honors Kern County's first African-American female judge. Reyna . Harvey. July 9, 2017. KBAK. January 15, 2020.
  121. Web site: The Honorable Larry Card. The HistoryMakers. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  122. Web site: Female judges overcame challenges to break down barriers (2018-09-20). The Daily Record. September 20, 2018. en-US.
  123. Web site: George Carroll dies; was first black Richmond mayor and Contra Costa County judge. January 15, 2016. The Mercury News. en-US. January 15, 2020.
  124. Web site: Andrew L. Carter Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  125. Web site: Geoffrey N Carter Transparent California . 2024-05-07 . transparentcalifornia.com.
  126. Web site: Carter, Robert Lee. Federal Judicial Center. March 4, 2023. en-US.
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  128. Web site: Caspher, Denis J.. Federal Judicial Center. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  129. Web site: Talladega College hosts opening convocation honoring Black History Month (photos). The Daily Home. February 1, 2017. en-US.
  130. Web site: Braun. Bill. Carlos Chappelle to become Tulsa County's first black presiding judge. 2022-02-05. Tulsa World. en.
  131. Web site: How Sandra Bland's Historically Black College Town Is — And Isn't — Remembering Her (2015-11-07). BuzzFeed.News. en-US.
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  136. Web site: Wentworth Cheswell, one of New Hampshire's finest. AAREG. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  137. Web site: J. Michelle Childs. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  138. Web site: Tanya S. Chutkan. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  139. Book: Citizens Liberty League. Discovering African American St. Louis: A Guide to Historic Sites. en-US. 9781883982454. Wright. John Aaron. 2002. Missouri History Museum .
  140. Web site: Darcel D. Clark. Historical Society of the New York Courts. en-US. February 17, 2020.
  141. Web site: History of the Former Municipal Court of Wilmington. Hartford Courant. May 3, 2018. en-US.
  142. Web site: Clarke, Jessica Gloria Lynn. Federal Judicial Center. March 16, 2023. en-US.
  143. Web site: C. Don Clay. Lapidario. Millie. November 20, 2007. The Recorder. en. January 16, 2020.
  144. Web site: Eric L. Clay. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  145. Web site: Governor Brown appoints three to the Alameda County Superior Court Women Lawyers of Alameda County. wlaconline.org. March 2, 2018. January 16, 2020.
  146. Web site: Judge Denise Clayton – Kentucky Court of Justice. kycourts.gov. January 25, 2020.
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  148. Web site: Judge Roger L. Gregory will become the next chief judge of the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The Associated Press. July 5, 2016. en-US.
  149. Web site: Clemon, U.W.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  150. Web site: Aiken County gets first resident judge in almost 80 years (2019-06-28). Aiken Standard. en-US.
  151. Web site: Judge Lewis W. Clymer. Missouri Lawyers Media. September 3, 2001. February 14, 2020. en-US.
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  154. Web site: August 14, 2023 . New Hampshire Supreme Court Unveils Official Portrait of Judge Ivorey Cobb, the State's First African American Jurist . 2023-11-11 . New Hampshire Judicial Branch . en.
  155. Web site: Cobb, Jia Michelle. Federal Judicial Center. October 28, 2021. en-US.
  156. Web site: Controversial Judge Curtissa R. Cofield decides to retire in 2015. June 4, 2014. The Middletown Press. January 24, 2020.
  157. Web site: Governor Newsom appoints 18 Superior Court Judges. March 30, 2021. thepress.net. en.
  158. Web site: Judge Harry A. Cole. dailypress.com. January 27, 2020.
  159. Web site: Ransey Guy Cole Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  160. Web site: Oklahoma's first black chief justice stresses importance of role models. January 4, 2013. Oklahoman.com. en-US. January 15, 2020.
  161. Web site: Hertford district judge appointed to N.C. Superior Court. The Virginian-Pilot. September 22, 2009. en-US.
  162. Web site: James H. Coleman (1933–). BlackPast.org. March 11, 2018. January 26, 2020. en-US.
  163. Web site: Napa Court plucks Myrlys Stockdale Coleman from Sacramento to serve as commissioner. Napa Valley Register. February 4, 2020. en-US.
  164. Web site: Sharon Johnson Coleman. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  165. Web site: Curtis Lynn Collier. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  166. Web site: Collins, Audrey B.. Federal Judicial Center. March 4, 2023. en-US.
  167. Web site: Alumnus, Senior United States District Judge Raner Collins Announced as the 2019 Keynote Speaker for University of Arizona Law's Convocation Ceremony. The University of Arizona. April 10, 2019. April 17, 2019. en-US.
  168. Web site: Collins, Robert Frederick. Federal Judicial Center. March 4, 2023. en-US.
  169. Web site: Dunlap. Stanley. Kemp Interviews Justice Candidates In Georgia Supreme Court Makeover. January 24, 2022. Georgia Public Broadcasting. en.
  170. Web site: Charles Conley Collection. Trenholm State Community College. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  171. Web site: The Honorable C. Ellen Connally. The HistoryMakers. March 29, 2012. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  172. Web site: Julian Abele Cook. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  173. Web site: Marcia G. Cooke. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  174. Web site: Cooper, Christopher Reid. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  175. Web site: Cooper, Clarence. Federal Judicial Center. March 4, 2023. en-US.
  176. Web site: James P. Cooper, Commissioner. January 14, 2022. www.bloomberg.com.
  177. Web site: Palo Alto Judge LaDoris Cordell to Preside on Fox's 'You the Jury'. KQED. February 11, 2020. en-US.
  178. Web site: Hispanic Mercer County judge leaves after struggling for acceptance. The Trentonian. September 2016. January 30, 2020. en-US.
  179. Web site: Governor Appoints Six to Los Angeles County Superior Court . ca.gov . December 27, 2011.
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  181. Web site: Waverly D. Crenshaw Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  182. Bennett, Hickenlooper Celebrate Judge Kato Crews' Nomination to Serve on the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado . February 22, 2023 . February 27, 2023.
  183. Web site: Honorable Zina Cruse, Circuit Judge in the 20th Judicial Circuit. St. Clair County Bar Association. en-US.
  184. Web site: Governor Brown Appoints Lewis & Clark Law Alumnus Raymond Crutchley to Deschutes County Circuit Court. Lewis. Portl. law.lclark.edu. en. January 23, 2020.
  185. Web site: Gordon Cuffy named 5th Onondaga County Court judge; 1st African-American to hold post (2017-06-22). Syracuse.com. June 22, 2017. en-US.
  186. Web site: Mark E. Cullers. Maciel. Laura. March 5, 2018. Central Valley Community Foundation. en-US. January 16, 2020.
  187. Web site: Alameda County traffic commissioner resigns amid misconduct probe. December 20, 2016. The Mercury News. en-US. January 16, 2020.
  188. Web site: Cummings, Jeffrey Irvine. Federal Judicial Center. September 26, 2023. en-US.
  189. Web site: Tiffany Patrice Cunningham. Federal Judicial Center. July 20, 2021. en-US.
  190. Web site: Judicial Candidate Bio – Donald Cureton. www.meckbar.org. February 19, 2020.
  191. Web site: Retired Ventura County Superior Court judge kills girlfriend and himself – Ventura Breeze. en-US. January 15, 2020.
  192. Web site: Angelita Dalton is first black woman on Davidson County Criminal Court (2017-12-14). WKRN.com. December 14, 2017. en-US.
  193. Web site: Daniel, Jeremy Christen. Federal Judicial Center. May 18, 2023. en-US.
  194. Web site: Wiley Young Daniel. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  195. Web site: George B. Daniels. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
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  197. Web site: Gov. Brown Appoints Piedmont Man to Alameda County Superior Court Bench. November 22, 2012. Piedmont, CA Patch. en. January 16, 2020.
  198. Web site: Judge June Berry Darensburg. Louisiana Judicial Council. en-US.
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  212. Web site: Familiar face returns to Solano County Superior Court. January 4, 2019. Daily Republic. January 15, 2020.
  213. Web site: Retired N.J. Superior Court Judge Theodore Z. Davis, who led Camden after state takeover, dies at 86. Gwinnett Daily Post. July 21, 2019. en-US.
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  230. Web site: Allyson Duncan '75 Confirmed for 4th Circuit. DukeLaw. January 21, 2020. en-US.
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  239. Web site: Harry J. Elam Sr., 90, pioneering black jurist in Massachusetts (2012-08-22). The Boston Globe. en-US.
  240. Web site: Sara L. Ellis. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
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  242. Web site: Morrison C. England Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  243. Web site: Henry E. Frye (1932–). John Locke Foundation. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  244. Web site: UC Davis School of Law – Profiles – Stacy Boulware Eurie. law.ucdavis.edu. January 16, 2020.
  245. Web site: 2022-07-01 . Governor Newsom Announces Judicial Appointments 7.1.22 . 2024-05-07 . Office of Governor of California . en.
  246. Web site: November 29, 2022 . Black Justices Bring Diverse Experiences to California Supreme Court . January 9, 2023 . The Sacramento Observer . en-US.
  247. Web site: First Black male Circuit Judge appointed to the Second Judicial Circuit (2019-05-17). WTXL Tallahasseel. May 17, 2019. en-US.
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  249. Web site: Walter M. Farmer: First African AMerican to Serve in a Judicial Capacity in Missouri. Black Then. January 13, 2021. en-US.
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  251. Web site: Centennial Milestones—Milestones 1869–1899: Players on the Stage of History.... Cook County Bar Association. February 14, 2020. en-US.
  252. Web site: Ferguson, Wilkie D.. Federal Judicial Center. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  253. Austin L. Fickling: A Memorial and Retrospective. Howard Law Journal. 1979. 22. 169. February 14, 2020. en-US. Andrews. Dale C.. Mintz. Lawrence A..
  254. Web site: S.C.'s First Black Probate Judge Notes That Black History's Discrimination Continues Into Modern Times (2017-02-08). https://web.archive.org/web/20190115023057/https://www.charlestonchronicle.net/2017/02/08/s-c-s-first-black-probate-judge-notes-that-black-historys-discrimination-continues-into-modern-times/. usurped. January 15, 2019. The Chronicle. en-US.
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  267. Web site: Portrait honors Suffolk's first black judge. Smith. Andrew. Newsday. en. January 24, 2020.
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  275. Web site: Illinois Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Freeman. www.illinoiscourts.gov. February 20, 2020.
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  279. Web site: Fernando J. Gaitan Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
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  283. Web site: UC Davis School of Law – Profiles – Judge Ramona J. Garrett. law.ucdavis.edu. January 4, 2010 . January 15, 2020.
  284. Web site: Miami's Gayles confirmed as first openly gay black male judge on federal bench (2014-06-17). Miami Herald. en-US.
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  291. Web site: Gillam, Earl Ben. www.fjc.gov. January 15, 2020.
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  296. Web site: The Legacy of the Hon. Robert Glass: The First African-American Connecticut Supreme Court Justice. October 19, 2017. UConn School of Law. en. January 24, 2020.
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  298. Web site: Edward Gourdin: Olympic silver medalist, but a man of firsts (2002-02-15). B.U. Bridge. en-US.
  299. Web site: Donald L. Graham. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  300. Web site: The Prezell R. Robinson Library Unveils "First African Americans on the North Carolina Bench" Exhibit. Saint Augustine’s University. October 22, 2019. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  301. Web site: James E. Graves Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  302. Web site: Angela LaChe' Graves Harrington. 2022-02-25. www.texasbar.com.
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  306. Web site: 2022 . Diversity in the Judiciary: A Directory of Judges, Commissioners, and Magistrates of Color in the State of Washington . Washington State Minority and Justice Commission Outreach Committee.
  307. Web site: Judge Nathaniel Green . May 6, 2024 . King County, Washington.
  308. Web site: Samuel L. Green '67. www.law.buffalo.edu. en. January 24, 2020.
  309. Web site: Joseph A. Greenaway Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  310. Web site: Clayton Greene, Jr., Maryland Court of Appeals Judge. msa.maryland.gov. January 27, 2020.
  311. Web site: Judge George Greene. NC Heritage Calendar. January 24, 2020.
  312. Web site: April 6, 2021. FEDERAL COURT NAMES NEW MAGISTRATE JUDGE. September 5, 2022. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.
  313. Web site: Thomas L. Griffith Jr. being sworn in by judges Victor Hansen and Eugene Fay, Los Angeles, Calif., 1953. Calisphere. April 1953. February 11, 2020. en-US.
  314. Web site: Lydia Kay Griggsby. Federal Judicial Center. June 16, 2021. en-US.
  315. Web site: Hubert Grimes, Volusia's first black jurist, to retire (2013-12-28). FHN. en-US.
  316. Web site: Governor taps deputy public defender to serve as Solano jurist. December 13, 2018. Daily Republic. January 15, 2020.
  317. Web site: Judge Cody Williams. Maricopa County Justice Courts. January 17, 2020. en-US.
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  319. Web site: Ancer Haggerty, presiding judge in two notorious neo-Nazi cases in Portland, hangs up robes. The Oregonian. Bryan Denson. Bryan Denson. December 31, 2014. en. January 23, 2020.
  320. Web site: Hall, Amos T. (1896–1971). September 5, 1997. Oklahoma Historical Society. en-US.
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  328. Web site: Honorable Lubbie Harper, Jr.. State of Connecticut Judicial Branch. February 28, 2021. en-US.
  329. Web site: Harper, Nathaniel R. · Notable Kentucky African Americans Database. nkaa.uky.edu. January 25, 2020.
  330. Web site: Division 18 - Judge Kevin D. Harrell - 16th Circuit Court of Jackson County, Missouri . 2022-02-28 . www.16thcircuit.org.
  331. Web site: Jeffrey L. Harris. Iowa Judicial Branch. January 17, 2020. en-US.
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  334. Web site: Funeral held for Va's first black chief justice. WRIC. February 13, 2011. en-US.
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  336. Web site: Hastings, Alcee Lamar. Federal Judicial Center. March 8, 2023. en-US.
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  338. Web site: Terry J. Hatter Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
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  340. Web site: George J. Hazel. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  341. Web site: Confirm 1st Negro Judge in Newark. November 20, 1958. Jet Magazine. Johnson Publishing Company. en-US. February 14, 2020.
  342. News: Obituary: Elliott Heard, Jr. (1991-07-11). The New York Times. January 26, 2020. en-US. July 11, 1991.
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  344. Web site: Hon. Thelton E. Henderson. Berkeley Law. en-US. January 16, 2020.
  345. Web site: Hibbler, William J.. Federal Judicial Center. March 8, 2023. en-US.
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  347. Web site: Kellie Hill: Candidate For Superior Court Judge. Cobb County Courier. May 26, 2020. May 26, 2020. en-US.
  348. Web site: Judge Kellie S. Hill - Professional Background & Legal Expertise Trellis.Law . 2024-05-19 . trellis.law.
  349. Web site: Geraldine Hines nominated to Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court; would become 1st black woman on state's highest court (2014-06-14). Mass LIVE. June 14, 2014. en-US.
  350. Web site: Hodge, Kelley Brisbon. Federal Judicial Center. 2022-12-14. en-US.
  351. Web site: May 10, 2022 . Justice Rita B. Garman announces retirement from Illinois Supreme Court; Justice Lisa Holder White to fill vacancy . May 17, 2022.
  352. Web site: Cassandra Hollemon, one of the 17 black women elected as judges in Houston, dies. 2022-02-25. NBC News. en.
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  355. Web site: Charlene Honeywell. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  356. Web site: Denise Page Hood. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  357. Web site: Benjamin L. Hooks. Who’s Who among African Americans, 1996–1997. January 22, 2020. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20050909041913/http://www.people.memphis.edu/~polisci/HOOKBIO.HTM. September 9, 2005.
  358. Web site: Hopkins, Jeffery Paul. Federal Judicial Center. 2022-12-14. en-US.
  359. Web site: Odell Horton, 77; First Modern Black Federal Judge in Tennessee (2006-02-24). The Los Angeles Times. en-US. February 24, 2006.
  360. News: Michele Hotten is officially sworn in to serve on Maryland's highest court (2015-12-22). Washington Post. en-US.
  361. Web site: John A. Houston. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  362. Web site: George Howard Jr., 82; federal judge presided over Whitewater cases. Los Angeles Times. April 25, 2007. en-US. April 25, 2007.
  363. Web site: Judge John Howard dies at age 78 (2002-06-13). The Morning Journal. en-US.
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  365. Web site: Honorable Karen Aileen Howze. District of Columbia Courts=2009-10-23. en-US.
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  367. Web site: Mabel Houze Hubbard (1936–2006). Maryland Women’s Hall of Fame. en-US. January 27, 2020.
  368. News: Scheck . Tom . August 18, 2015 . Dayton names Natalie Hudson to state Supreme Court . Minnesota Public Radio . August 18, 2015.
  369. Web site: Important Park Viewians: Judge William C. Hueston (1880–1961). Park View, D.C.. en-US. January 23, 2020. 2020.
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  372. Web site: 2019-03-29. Harris Co. judge runs her courtroom a little differently. 2022-02-25. KTRK ABC13 Houston. en.
  373. Web site: Only on 12: Lowndes County Buries Civil Rights Hero. WSFA 12 Newsd. August 26, 2006. en-US.
  374. Web site: Hunt, LaShonda Annette. Federal Judicial Center. May 18, 2023. en-US.
  375. Web site: Canton, Ohio, Attorney Named Municipal Judge. Jet Magazine. March 15, 1962. Johnson Publishing Company. February 14, 2020. en-US.
  376. Web site: County fights release of details. Orange County Register. September 15, 2006. September 15, 2006.
  377. Web site: Hutton, Herbert J.. Federal Judicial Center. March 8, 2023. en-US.
  378. Web site: Todd Irby (JD '83) appointed Court Commissioner of Placer Superior Court. en. January 16, 2020.
  379. Web site: Todd D. Irby (JD '83) Appointed to Placer County Superior Court Judgeship . 2024-05-19 . Caruso School of Law - Pepperdine University . en.
  380. News: Michele Hotten is officially sworn in to serve on Maryland's highest court (2015-12-22). Washington Post. en-US.
  381. Web site: Greene County probate judge to quit over ethics charges. ABC 3320. August 9, 2016. en-US. August 9, 2016.
  382. Web site: Brian Anthony Jackson. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  383. Web site: Jackson, Carol E.. Federal Judicial Center. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  384. Book: N.Y. Judge's Two 'Wives' Funeralize Him. December 5, 1963. Jet Magazine. en.
  385. Web site: Ketanji Brown Jackson. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  386. Web site: About Me – Judge Maria T. Jackson – 339th State District Court – Harris County Texas. 2022-02-25. en-US.
  387. News: Despart . By Zach . Maria Jackson, longest-serving Harris County felony judge, steps down . 2024-05-19 . CT Insider . en.
  388. Web site: Jackson, Perry B.. Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. January 23, 2020. en-US. May 9, 2019.
  389. Web site: Raymond Alvin Jackson. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  390. Web site: Candace Rae Jackson-Akiwumi. Federal Judicial Center. June 24, 2021. en-US.
  391. Web site: Beaver County's first black judge to be honored at NAACP banquet (2016-10-31). The Times. en-US.
  392. Web site: The Honorable Andrew L. Jefferson, Jr.. The History Makers. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  393. Web site: Bernard S. Jefferson, 91; Respected Appellate Judge and Legal Scholar. March 21, 2002. Los Angeles Times. en-US. February 17, 2020.
  394. Web site: SC Judicial Branch. 2022-02-26. www.sccourts.org.
  395. Web site: Pioneer Black Judge Edwin Jefferson Dies. August 22, 1989. Los Angeles Times. en-US. January 15, 2020.
  396. Web site: Wallace B. Jefferson. Alexander Dubose & Jefferson LLP ADJ. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  397. Web site: Jenkins, Lindsay Clayton. Federal Judicial Center. February 14, 2023. en-US.
  398. Web site: Commission Confirms Judge Martin Jenkins as Court of Appeal Justice. www.metnews.com. January 16, 2020.
  399. Web site: October 5, 2020. Governor Newsom Selects Justice Martin Jenkins (Ret.) for California Supreme Court. November 3, 2020. California Governor. en.
  400. Web site: The Honorable Angela Jewell. The HistoryMakers. January 23, 2020. en-US.
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  403. Web site: Profile: Bernette Joshua Johnson. Supreme Court of Louisiana. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  404. Web site: Memphis legal community mourns deaths of 2 judges on same day . 2022-03-03 . Action News 5 . January 3, 2009 . en.
  405. Web site: Judge Clifton Johnson. Mecklenburg County Bar. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  406. Web site: Judge Golden Elizabeth Johnson. Federal Judicial Center. January 26, 2020. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20150116125826/http://www.judiciary.state.nj.us/wic/johnson.html. January 16, 2015.
  407. Web site: Shawnee County is seeking a new district court judge to replace retiring Judge Joseph Johnson (2018-04-05). CJOnline. en-US.
  408. Web site: Johnson, Norma Holloway. Federal Judicial Center. March 10, 2023. en-US.
  409. Web site: 2021-01-03. Six 6th Circuit judges replace bench retirees. 2022-02-26. Arkansas Online. en.
  410. Web site: Sterling Johnson Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  411. Web site: Three judges appointed in East Bay. July 21, 2008. East Bay Times. en-US. January 15, 2020.
  412. Web site: Jones, Bernard M.. Federal Judicial Center. August 26, 2021. en-US.
  413. Web site: C. Darnell Jones II. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  414. Web site: Black Lawyers, Law Practice, and Bar Associations—1844 to 1970: A Michigan History. Wolverine Bar Association. January 27, 2020. en-US. Littlejohn. Edward J.. 1987.
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  416. Web site: Houston lawyer Gaynelle Griffin Jones, 64, dies (2013-03-03). Chron. en-US. March 4, 2013.
  417. Web site: The Honorable Jennifer Jones. The HistoryMakers. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  418. Web site: CCCBA Member Joscelyn Jones Appointed as an Alameda County Superior Court Judge. August 17, 2021. Contra Costa County Bar Association. en-US.
  419. Web site: Napolean A. Jones Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. February 6, 2020. en-US.
  420. Web site: Jones, Nathaniel Raphael. Federal Judicial Center. March 1, 2023. en-US.
  421. Web site: Jones II, Okla. Federal Judicial Center. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  422. Web site: Jones, Richard A.. Federal Judicial Center. February 16, 2022. en-US.
  423. Web site: Judge Sidney A. Jones Papers. www.lib.uchicago.edu. February 17, 2020.
  424. Web site: Steve C. Jones. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  425. Web site: Event to Mark Appointment of 1st Black Female Nevada Judge (2017-06-02). U.S. News & World Report. en-US.
  426. Web site: Brown . Stacy M. . June 6, 2024 . Senate Moves to Address D.C. Superior Court Backlog Crisis by Confirming Two New Judges . July 10, 2024 . The Washington Informer . en-US.
  427. Web site: Mayor honors former Judge Claudia Jordan (2014-09-28). Denver Post. en-US. September 28, 2014.
  428. Web site: Joyner, J. Curtis. Federal Judicial Center. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  429. Web site: Kahn, Maria Araujo. Federal Judicial Center. October 6, 2023. en-US.
  430. Web site: Abdul Kallon. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  431. Web site: Amalya Lyle Kearse. Federal Judicial Center. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  432. Web site: Damon Jerome Keith. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  433. Web site: Kelley, Angel. Federal Judicial Center. October 29, 2021. en-US.
  434. Book: Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events. January 17, 2019. en-US. 9781578594252. Carney Smith. Jessie . December 2012. Visible Ink Press .
  435. Web site: Henry H. Kennedy Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  436. News: Kurtz . Josh . Moore nominates first state Supreme Court justice . July 31, 2024 . Maryland Matters . July 26, 2024.
  437. Web site: About Us. James C. Kimbrough Bar Association. en-US. January 23, 2020.
  438. Web site: Media advisory-Klinette H. Kindred appointed bankruptcy judge. U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. January 24, 2017. en-US.
  439. Web site: Kimberly Denise (Kiner) Kiner March 25, 1980 ~ September 13, 2017. Coleman & Hicks Funeral Home. en-US.
  440. Web site: SC Judicial Branch. 2022-02-26. www.sccourts.org.
  441. Web site: David Krashna. Berkeley Law. en-US. January 16, 2020.
  442. News: Second Black woman confirmed to state supreme court. September 13, 2017. Our Weekly (Los Angeles, CA). January 22, 2015.
  443. Web site: William Francis Kuntz. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  444. Web site: Lancaster, Gary L.. Federal Judicial Center. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  445. 1489661802015244297 . UofSCLaw . Adam B. Landy '09 got his start in tax law with #UofSCLaw's Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program. In December, Landy was selected to serve as a Special Trial Judge on the U.S. Tax Court in D.C. Congratulations, Judge Landy! #OhThePlacesYoullGo . February 4, 2022.
  446. Web site: Meet Napa County's new judges: Monique Langhorne and Scott Young. Teague. Courtney. Napa Valley Register. en. January 15, 2020.
  447. Web site: Monique Langhorne Wilson - 1DCA . 2024-05-19 . www.courts.ca.gov.
  448. Web site: Maine Senate confirms state's first black judge. Archive. en-US. January 24, 2020.
  449. Web site: 2019-02-06. Black lawmakers protest judicial elections in South Carolina. 2022-02-26. AP NEWS. en.
  450. Web site: Amarra Lee Appointed to San Mateo County Superior Court. November 9, 2018. Legal by the Bay. en-US. January 16, 2020.
  451. Web site: Eunice C. Lee. Federal Judicial Center. August 25, 2021. en-US.
  452. Web site: Gerald Bruce Lee. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  453. Web site: Retired Judge Helen Shores Lee, daughter of MLK's attorney, dies. Birmingham Real-Time News. July 2, 2018. en-US. July 2, 2018.
  454. Web site: Idaho's Judiciary CD'A Woman Is New Judge – Ida Leggett Praised for Intellect, Experience As Single, Working Mother. The Lewiston Tribune. August 28, 2019. en-US.
  455. Web site: Lemelle, Ivan L.R.. Federal Judicial Center. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  456. Web site: Michigan Black Lawyers' "Firsts". May 2015. Michigan Bar Journal.
  457. Web site: Judge Ola Lewis, who grew up in Spring Lake, dies. Riley. Rachael. The Fayetteville Observer. en. January 24, 2020.
  458. Web site: Lewis, Timothy K.. Federal Judicial Center. March 1, 2023. en-US.
  459. Web site: Lindsay, Reginald C.. Federal Judicial Center. March 10, 2023. en-US.
  460. Web site: Lindsay, Sam A.. Federal Judicial Center. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  461. Web site: The Honorable Judge Rod Shelton. NAACP. February 6, 2020. en-US.
  462. Web site: Magistrate Judges. Alaska Court System. January 17, 2020. en-US.
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  464. Web site: Steven Logan. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  465. Web site: Raymond Lohier. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  466. Web site: Judicial Profile: James Long. Miller. Cheryl. July 3, 2007. Law.com. en. January 16, 2020.
  467. News: Mary J. Lowe, 74, U.S. Judge Noted for Her Rulings on Bias. Pace. Eric. March 3, 1999. The New York Times. January 28, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  468. Web site: Sacramento Mourns the Loss of Judge Alice A. Lytle (Ret.). February 28, 2019. Sacramento County Bar Association. en-US. January 15, 2020.
  469. Web site: Conrad Mallett Jr.. Michigan Supreme Court Historical Society. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  470. Web site: Honorable William Mallory. Hamilton County Courts. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  471. News: Mercer Mance, former judge and 1st black elected to Indiana court (1990-10-20). The Indianapolis Star. October 20, 1990 . 41 . en-US.
  472. Web site: New York judge from Bayonne, 93, dies; founded black organizations. Jonathan . Lin . The Jersey Journal. October 11, 2014. nj. en. January 24, 2020.
  473. Web site: Blanche M. Manning. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  474. Web site: SC Judicial Branch. 2022-02-26. www.sccourts.org.
  475. Web site: Who Will Be Judge of Houston's 80th District Court: Candidates Jeralynn Manor and Sharon Hemphill. 2022-02-24. Texas Lawyer. en.
  476. Web site: Funeral scheduled for Calvin Mapp, Miami-Dade's first black county court judge (2012-12-05). Law.com. en-US.
  477. Web site: Algernon L. Marbley. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  478. Web site: Consuelo Bland Marshall. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  479. Web site: George Mason University biography of Thurgood Marshall . December 25, 2005 . August 14, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110814183739/http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/122/hill/marshall.htm . dead .
  480. Web site: Martin, Janice R. · Notable Kentucky African Americans Database. nkaa.uky.edu. January 25, 2020.
  481. Web site: The Honorable Vivian L. Medinilla, Judge. Delaware Courts. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  482. Web site: Judge Joshua W. Martin III . 2024-05-23 . South Carolina African American History Calendar . en-US.
  483. Web site: Judge Aaron B. Mason . 2024-05-23 . Trellis . en.
  484. Web site: Lifetime ambition realized for Johnson County's first African-American judge (2016-12-31). The Kansas City Star. en-US.
  485. Web site: Raymond . Nate . 2022-09-09 . U.S. Senate confirms Biden appellate judge pick opposed by home state senators . 2022-09-09 . Reuters . en.
  486. Web site: Al Matthews, Celebrated Defense Lawyer, Dies. June 2, 1986. Los Angeles Times. en-US. January 17, 2020.
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  488. Web site: Judge Stephen L. Maxwell (1921 -2009). ramseylawlibrary.org. January 25, 2020.
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  490. Web site: Former Supreme Court Justice McAnulty dies. August 27, 2007. January 25, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20070827231431/http://www.kentucky.com/471/story/158316.html. August 27, 2007.
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  496. Web site: June 25, 2004 . Governor Granholm Appoints 36th District Judge Wade McCree to 3rd Circuit Court . May 22, 2024 . Former Governors of Michigan.
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  499. Web site: The Honorable Gabrielle Kirk McDonald. The HistoryMakers. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  500. Web site: Odell McGhee, II. Iowa Judicial Branch. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  501. Web site: Theodore McKee. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  502. Web site: Kevin McKeever. Iowa Judicial Branch. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  503. Web site: Elwood S. McKenney. November 24, 2003. Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly. en-US. February 17, 2020.
  504. Web site: The Law in these Parts : Contra Costa Lawyer Online. John M. . O'Brien. January 15, 2020.
  505. Web site: McMillian, Theodore. Federal Judicial Center. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  506. Web site: McMillion, Brandy Renée. Federal Judicial Center. 2023-11-09. en-US.
  507. Web site: Utah's First Black Judge. June 10, 1984. New York Times. en-US.
  508. News: Cordell D. Meeks Sr., Kansas Judge, 73; Obituary (1987-12-10). The New York Times. December 10, 1987 . en-US.
  509. Web site: Menefee assumes role as first black male AAPJ president. The Tuskegee News. February 4, 2010. en-US.
  510. Web site: The Tuskegee News April 18 Page 7 . June 9, 2021 . tkg.stparchive.com.
  511. Web site: Merchant, Orelia Eleta. Federal Judicial Center. May 18, 2023. en-US.
  512. Web site: U.S. Court of Federal Claims: Meriweather, Robin Michelle. Federal Judicial Center. July 15, 2024. en-US.
  513. Web site: Merle, Natasha Clarice. Federal Judicial Center. June 21, 2023. en-US.
  514. Web site: Miami's Gayles confirmed as first openly gay black male judge on federal bench (2014-06-17). Miami Herald. en-US.
  515. Web site: Vicki Miles-LaGrange. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  516. Web site: Brian Stacy Miller. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  517. Web site: Macomb County Clerk Fred Miller names former judge, longtime clerk employee as chief deputies (2019-01-10). en-US.
  518. Web site: Mercy-Douglass Hospital (October 1954. The Sphinx. en-US.
  519. Web site: Bench Officer Spotlight – Commissioner Toni Mims-Cochran » Alameda County Bar Association. Lescroart . Valerie Brown. January 25, 2017. Alameda County Bar Association. en-US. January 16, 2020.
  520. Web site: 2022-12-28 . Five new Superior Court judges appointed in the Bay Area . 2024-05-23 . Livermore Vine . en-US.
  521. Web site: Benton-County judge, Wenatchee lawyer pegged for Shea replacement. Tri-City Herald. August 3, 2013. en-US.
  522. Web site: Mollison, Irvin Charles. Federal Judicial Center. March 10, 2023. en-US.
  523. Web site: Montgomery-Reeves, Tamika Renee. Federal Judicial Center. 2022-12-14. en-US.
  524. News: Historic Oath – The Roanoke-Chowan News-Herald. January 7, 2013. The Roanoke-Chowan News-Herald. January 25, 2020. en-US.
  525. Web site: Herman E. Moore, 88, Retired Judge, Succumbs. December 18, 1980. Jet Magazine. Johnson Publishing Company.
  526. Web site: Trailblazing Jurist Retires, Reflects on His Role in Lives. September 5, 1997. The Virginian Pilot. en-US.
  527. Web site: 2022-02-15. Judicial Limelight: Michelle Moore. 2022-02-25. Lawdragon. en.
  528. Web site: Raymond P. Moore. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  529. Web site: Moorer, Terry Fitzgerald. Federal Judicial Center. August 26, 2021. en-US.
  530. Web site: Michael Morgan North Carolina Judicial Branch. www.nccourts.gov. February 19, 2020.
  531. Web site: Bayou state legend, Ernest Morial, lawyer, mayor, judge. AAREG. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  532. Web site: Ketterer. Samantha. 2021-06-11. Harris County judge removed from civil case helped bail defendant out of jail. 2022-02-24. Houston Chronicle. en-US.
  533. Web site: 3-way race for Alameda County Superior Court seat. Egelko. Bob. May 28, 2012. SFGate. January 16, 2020.
  534. Web site: Detroit-area judge says 'Supreme Court needs me (2019-04-03). Michigan LIVE. October 3, 2010. en-US.
  535. Web site: Denise Langford Morris, JAMS Mediator and Arbitrator . 2024-05-23 . www.jamsadr.com . en.
  536. Web site: Anne Arundel County's first female African-American Circuit Court judge appointed as three vacancies filled (2018-09-21). Capital Gazette. en-US.
  537. Web site: African American Women on the California Bench: A History. March 26, 2019. www.dailyjournal.com. February 12, 2020.
  538. Web site: Angil Patricia Morris # 82441 - Attorney Licensee Search . 2023-11-11 . apps.calbar.ca.gov.
  539. Web site: Former New York State Supreme Court Judge Franklin Morton Jr. dies at 94. Katz. Celeste. nydailynews.com. February 17, 2020.
  540. News: Mrs. Motley Inducted as Federal Judge; Backing for Sutton Republicans Sit Tight. Hofmann. Paul. September 10, 1966. The New York Times. January 15, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  541. Web site: Harriet Murphy. University of Texas at Austin. April 14, 2016 . January 22, 2020. en-US.
  542. Web site: Myers, Richard Ernest II. Federal Judicial Center. October 29, 2021. en-US.
  543. Web site: Neals, Julien Xavier. Federal Judicial Center. June 8, 2021. en-US.
  544. Web site: Nelson, Adrienne Camille. Federal Judicial Center. February 15, 2023. en-US.
  545. Web site: Nelson, David Sutherland. Federal Judicial Center. March 11, 2023. en-US.
  546. Web site: A look at the millions raised in key county races. March 3, 2020. Crain's Chicago Business. en. March 15, 2020.
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  548. Web site: Hutchison . Will . 2021-10-25 . Comanche County judge appointed to role as federal immigration judge . 2024-05-25 . KSWO-TV 7News . en.
  549. Web site: SC Judicial Branch. 2022-02-26. www.sccourts.org.
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  551. Web site: Governor Newsom Balancing the Playing Field - Black Judicial Appointments. September 9, 2021. Pasadena / San Gabriel Valley Journal. en.
  552. Web site: Robert N.C. Nix Jr., 75; First Black Chief Justice of Any State (2003-08-27). Los Angeles Times. en-US. August 27, 2003.
  553. Web site: Nunley, Troy L.. www.fjc.gov. January 16, 2020.
  554. Web site: From humble past to public servant, Nunn ready for new office. Montgomery Advertiser. July 29, 2018. en-US.
  555. Web site: Governor appoints Superior Court judge who lost election. HeraldNet. January 22, 2020. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  556. Web site: Judge Eileen A. Olds '82 Inaugurated as President of American Judges Association. William & Mary Law School. January 21, 2020. en-US.
  557. Web site: Solomon Oliver Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  558. Web site: Oliver, Vernon Dion. Federal Judicial Center. September 19, 2023. en-US.
  559. Web site: Nampa's Onanubosi named magistrate judge; First African-American to hold position (2009-06-29). Idaho Press. en-US.
  560. Web site: The Honorable Revius Oliver Ortique, Jr.. The HistoryMakers. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  561. Web site: Atty. Otis-Lewis Elected to Bench in St. Louis (1992-08-10). Jet Magazine. August 10, 1992. Johnson Publishing Company. en-US.
  562. Web site: Division 15 - Judge Jalilah Otto - 16th Circuit Court of Jackson County, Missouri . 2022-02-28 . www.16thcircuit.org.
  563. Web site: Morris Overstreet (1950–). BlackPast.org. August 5, 2018. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  564. Web site: Charles L. Owens, state's first appointed black judge, dies at 86. The Oklahoman. May 27, 2016. en-US. May 27, 2016.
  565. Web site: Lewiston Morning Tribune – Google News Archive Search. news.google.com. January 15, 2020.
  566. Web site: MYLES ANDERSON PAIGE (1898–1983) . BlackPast.org. June 23, 2011 . January 27, 2020. en-US.
  567. Web site: Court's first black female judge sworn in (2007-02-13). TulsaWorld. en-US.
  568. Web site: Papillion, Darrel James. Federal Judicial Center. May 31, 2023. en-US.
  569. Web site: Parker, Barrington Daniels, Sr.. Federal Judicial Center. March 11, 2023. en-US.
  570. Web site: Barrington Daniels Parker Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  571. Web site: Two Miami Valley men make history as the first African Americans in their positions (2019-01-15). Dayton News. January 15, 2019. en-US.
  572. Web site: Linda Vivienne Parker. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  573. Web site: Parsons, James Benton. www.fjc.gov. January 25, 2020.
  574. Web site: Schwartz, Hauptman, Coen, Block as Judges : Endorsements for four seats on the Superior Court. May 29, 1994. Los Angeles Times. en-US. January 17, 2020.
  575. Web site: End of the Month. www.metnews.com. January 17, 2020.
  576. Web site: ASU Law establishes endowment for trailblazing black judge. Montgomery Advertiser. February 24, 2017. en-US. February 24, 2017.
  577. Web site: Payne, Gary D. · Notable Kentucky African Americans Database. nkaa.uky.edu. January 25, 2020.
  578. Web site: Harris County District Courts. 2022-02-24. www.justex.net.
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  580. Web site: Benita Pearson recommended to federal judgeship (2009-07-21). The Plain Dealer. en-US. July 21, 2009.
  581. Web site: Penn, John Garrett. Federal Judicial Center. March 11, 2023. en-US.
  582. Web site: Perez, Mia Roberts. Federal Judicial Center. March 11, 2023. en-US.
  583. Web site: Circuit Jurist Selected To Be Chief Judge (2003-02-14). FHN. en-US.
  584. Web site: Jonathan J. Wright (1840–1885). BlackPast.org. January 23, 2020. en-US. January 29, 2007.
  585. Web site: Harris County District Courts. 2022-02-24. www.justex.net.
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  587. News: Kenneth Phipps, Judge Since – Ex-Legislator, on Criminal Court Bench, Is Dead. February 6, 1968. The New York Times. February 17, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  588. Web site: Santa Clara County's New Top Judge Is First Minority and a 'Testament to Change'. January 4, 2015. KQED. en-us. January 16, 2020.
  589. Web site: Lafourche, Terrebonne judges take oath of offices (2014-09-28). Houma Times. January 2, 2015. en-US.
  590. Web site: Pierce, Lawrence Warren. Federal Judicial Center. March 1, 2023. en-US.
  591. Web site: One of California's youngest judges credits his career success to McGeorge's trial advocacy program . 2022-03-07 . www.pacific.edu . en.
  592. Web site: A Resolution Honoring Hon. Freddie Pitcher, Jr. Louisiana State Bar Association. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  593. Web site: Editorial: Elizabeth Davis Pittman, Nebraska's first black judge, left an admirable legacy. AZCentral. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  594. Book: Carson, Emmett Devon. Black Elected Officials 1991: A National Roster. 1992. University Press of America. 978-0-941410-80-9. en.
  595. Web site: Heineman appoints state's first black district court judge (2005-03-30). Lincoln Journal Star. en-US.
  596. Web site: Judge Cecil Poole, Pioneering Black California Jurist. Wallace. Bill. November 14, 1997. SFGate. January 15, 2020.
  597. Web site: David M. Porter. Iowa Judicial Branch. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  598. Web site: African Americans in Montana Timeline. Montana Historical Society. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  599. Web site: Cleo Powell, Va.'s first black female justice to be sworn in. WJLA. October 21, 2011. October 18, 2015. en-US.
  600. Web site: Pratt, Tanya Walton. Federal Judicial Center. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  601. Web site: Was Craig Watkins the first black DA in Texas? Historians find evidence of another (2019-02-23). Dallas News. February 23, 2019. en-US.
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  603. Web site: May 12, 2022 . Alumna Doris Pryor, '03, nominated to Seventh Circuit – Maurer School of Law . August 11, 2022 . blogs.iu.edu.
  604. Web site: Pulliam, Jason Kenneth. Federal Judicial Center. August 26, 2021. en-US.
  605. Web site: Rudolph R. Pyle III: Madison County's first Black judge brings wisdom and reform to the bench (2010-02-17). Indianapolis Recorder. en-US.
  606. Web site: William D. Quarles Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  607. Web site: Profile of Peggy A. Quince. Supreme Court of Florida. en-US. January 25, 2020. June 6, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110606081527/http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/justices/quince.shtml. dead.
  608. Web site: Henry Ramsey Jr., 'warrior for justice,' dies at 80. Lee. Henry K.. March 15, 2014. SFGate. January 16, 2020.
  609. Web site: November 14, 2020. Governor Newsom Appoints 19 Superior Court Judges 11.13.20. November 16, 2020. California Governor. en.
  610. Web site: Parson appoints Robin Ransom, first Black woman to serve on Missouri Supreme Court . May 24, 2021 . Kuang . Jeanne . . May 25, 2021.
  611. Web site: Trailblazing Women; 1st African-American woman on Delco Council; 1st African-American woman on Delco bench; 1st Muslim judge in state election (2019-11-10). DT. en-US.
  612. Web site: Rauls makes history by becoming first African-American female judge of Rapides Parish (2015-01-23). Town Talk. en-US.
  613. Web site: Rawlinson, Johnnie B.. Federal Judicial Center. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  614. Web site: Broward courthouse wings to be named for Coral Springs mayor and county's first black judge (2018-11-20). Sun Sentinel. en-US.
  615. Web site: Carlton W. Reeves. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  616. Web site: Governor appoints new judge in Stanislaus County. September 12, 2008. The Modesto Bee. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150312194248/http://www.modbee.com/news/article3115390.html. March 12, 2015.
  617. Web site: The Honorable Sheldon K. Rennie, Judge. Delaware Courts. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  618. Web site: Gloria Clark Reno becomes St. Louis County's first black presiding judge (2018-10-16). The St. Louis American. en-US.
  619. Web site: Governor Parson Announces First Assistant Attorney General Thomas Albus as Circuit Judge for the 21st Judicial Circuit Governor Michael L. Parson . 2024-05-25 . governor.mo.gov.
  620. Web site: Appellate Division – First Judicial Department. www.courts.state.ny.us. January 24, 2020.
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  623. Web site: Anderson . Rachel J. . 2013 . Blacks in the Nevada Legal Profession . November 11, 2023 . University of Nevada.
  624. Web site: Scott, Esq . Brayan K . February 2021 . Nevada African American Attorney "Firsts" . November 11, 2023 . State Bar of Nevada.
  625. Web site: Scovel Richardson. Federal Judicial Center. February 14, 2020. en-US.
  626. Web site: Brown Names 30 to Superior Courts, Including 11 in Los Angeles. 2022-02-20. www.metnews.com.
  627. Moxey Alexander Rigby, Class of 1925, First African American Judge Elected in Nassau County. Nyls "Firsts". January 2018. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  628. Web site: Judge Elizabeth Riggs, first black female judge in San Diego, dies at 75. February 4, 2017. San Diego Union-Tribune. en-US. January 15, 2020.
  629. News: Francis E. Rivers Dies; Black City Judge Was 82 (1975-07-29) . The New York Times. July 29, 1975 . en-US. Fowle . Farnsworth .
  630. Web site: Macon Bolling Allen (1816–1894). BlackPast.org. December 31, 2008. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  631. Web site: Richard W. Roberts. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  632. Web site: Judicial Profile: San Diego County Judge Terrie Roberts. February 3, 2021. California Courts Newsroom. en. November 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201124102448/https://newsroom.courts.ca.gov/news/judicial-profile-san-diego-county-judge-terrie-roberts. dead.
  633. Web site: Victoria A. Roberts. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  634. News: Deaths—Robbins, Hon. ALfred S. (2003-10-08). The New York Times. October 8, 2003. en-US.
  635. Web site: Robinson, Aubrey Eugene, Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. March 11, 2023. en-US.
  636. Web site: Long Road to Justice. www.longroadtojustice.org. February 17, 2020.
  637. Web site: Robinson, Julie A.. Federal Judicial Center. January 22, 2020. en-US.
  638. Web site: Senate Approves Richard Robinson As First African-American Chief Justice Of The State Supreme Court. Hartford Courant. May 3, 2018 . May 3, 2018. en-US.
  639. Web site: Robinson, Spottswood William III. Federal Judicial Center. March 14, 2023. en-US.
  640. Web site: Robinson, Stephen C.. Federal Judicial Center. March 14, 2023. en-US.
  641. Web site: Edward Rodgers, civil rights pioneer and county's first black judge, dead at 91 (2018-10-20). The Palm Beach Post. en-US.
  642. Web site: Meet the New Harris County Judges. 2022-02-24. www.hba.org.
  643. Web site: Rogers, Judith Ann Wilson. www.fjc.gov. January 15, 2020.
  644. Web site: Eleanor Louise Ross. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  645. Web site: The Honorable Joseph Roulhac. The HistoryMakers. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  646. Web site: Justice Rucker inducted into Military Veterans Hall of Fame (2018-01-24). Indiana Court Times. en-US.
  647. Web site: George Lewish Ruffin (1834–1886). BlackPost.org. January 19, 2007. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  648. Web site: Pioneering Augusta black jurist Ruffin passes away. Cooper. Sylvia. The Augusta Chronicle. en. March 14, 2020.
  649. Web site: George L. Russell, MSA SC 3520-11548. msa.maryland.gov. January 27, 2020.
  650. Web site: Russell, George Levi III. Federal Judicial Center. March 14, 2023. en-US.
  651. Web site: Sampson, Edith Spurlock (1901–1979), lawyer and judge . American National Biography. 2000 . en. 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1101005. January 25, 2020. Shoemaker . Rebecca S. . 978-0-19-860669-7 .
  652. Web site: Justice Leander J. Shaw, Jr. – Supreme Court. Florida Supreme Court. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  653. Web site: Willie Louis Sands. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  654. Web site: Getting to Know Judge Anita Santos : Contra Costa Lawyer Online. January 16, 2020.
  655. Web site: Santos, Anita ADR Services, Inc. . 2024-05-25 . www.adrservices.com.
  656. Web site: Off the bench, Sconiers will still be 'at the table' (2016-01-03). The Buffalo News. en-US.
  657. Web site: The Honorable Calvin L. Scott Jr., Judge. Delaware Courts. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  658. Web site: Through the Years With the GCBA A Centennial Historical Overview 1897– 1997 (with updates through 2006). Genesee County Bar Association. en-US. January 27, 2020.
  659. Web site: Elisha Scott - Kansas Historical Society . 2023-11-11 . www.kshs.org.
  660. Web site: Coats to don Supreme Court robe. Denver Post. January 17, 2019. en-US.
  661. Web site: Scott, Kai Niambi. Federal Judicial Center. 2022-12-14. en-US.
  662. Web site: Mary Stenson Scriven. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  663. Book: The Directory of Minority Judges of the United States. registration. January 1, 2001. American Bar Association, Judicial Division, Standing Committee on Minorities in the Judiciary. 9781570739453. en.
  664. Web site: Beyond The Bench: Former Chief Justice Leah Ward Sears On A Life Of Breaking Barriers . Emilia . Brock . Virginia . Prescott . Bram . Sable-Smith . www.gpbnews.org . en . January 15, 2020 . June 27, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190627212101/https://www.gpbnews.org/post/beyond-bench-former-chief-justice-leah-ward-sears-life-breaking-barriers . dead .
  665. Web site: November 16, 2020 . Hon Myra C Selby . September 2, 2022 . Indiana Supreme Court . en.
  666. Web site: Semper, Jamel Ken. Federal Judicial Center. 2023-11-30. en-US.
  667. Web site: Phyllis Senegal appointed first black woman judge in Indiana (1975-12-20). Indianapolis Recorder. en-US.
  668. Web site: Seymour, Margaret B.. Federal Judicial Center. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  669. Web site: Memorial service set for San Mateo County's first black judge. February 3, 2018. The Mercury News. en-US. January 15, 2020.
  670. Web site: Shipp, Michael Andre. Federal Judicial Center. June 8, 2021. en-US.
  671. Web site: Jefferson County's first African-American circuit judge dies at 95. Burgin. Steve. January 30, 2016. WLKY. en. January 25, 2020.
  672. Web site: Simmons, Paul Allen. Federal Judicial Center. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  673. Web site: Sklar . Debbie L. . November 2, 2017 . Gov. Brown Appoints 2 to San Diego Superior Court Judgeships . July 14, 2022 . Times of San Diego . en-US.
  674. Web site: County Judge is Florida's First Black Female Jurist (1982-02-04). Jet. en-US. Johnson Publishing Company. February 4, 1982.
  675. Web site: Hawaiis First African American Woman Judge. 2022-02-25. ThinkTech Hawaii. en-US.
  676. Web site: Duke Slater, pioneer Chicago Cardinal and city judge, deserves Hall of Fame spot. Haugh. David. chicagotribune.com. February 17, 2020.
  677. Web site: Slaughter, Fred Wallace. Federal Judicial Center. March 24, 2022. en-US.
  678. Web site: The Honorable Gregory Sleet. The HistoryMakers. May 3, 2018. en-US.
  679. Web site: Charles Smiley. Berkeley Law. en-US. January 16, 2020.
  680. Web site: Charles Z. Smith, state's first African-American Supreme Court justice, dies at 89. The Olympian. August 30, 2016. en-US.
  681. Web site: Honorable Erithe A. Smith Central District of California United States Bankruptcy Court. www.cacb.uscourts.gov. January 16, 2020.
  682. Web site: George Bundy Smith. Historical Society of the New York Courts. en-US. February 17, 2020.
  683. News: Karla Smith set to be sworn in as first black female Montgomery District Court judge (2012-08-26). The Washington Post. en-US.
  684. Web site: Lavenski R. Smith: Biography. U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Legal Policyr. January 17, 2019. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20011121235633/http://www.usdoj.gov/olp/smithbio.htm. November 21, 2001.
  685. Web site: Judge Lynne M. Hobbs - Professional Background & Legal Expertise Trellis.Law . 2024-05-25 . trellis.law.
  686. Web site: Smith, Micah William Janso. Federal Judicial Center. 2023-11-29. en-US.
  687. Web site: Otis Smith. Michigan Supreme Court Historical Society. February 14, 2020. en-US.
  688. Web site: Smith, Rodney. Federal Judicial Center. August 26, 2021. en-US.
  689. Web site: Smith-Ribner Retiring From Commonwealth Court (2009-06-11). Law.com. en-US.
  690. Web site: Tom's Mailbag, Aug. 21, 2015. Kacich. Tom. The News-Gazette. en. January 25, 2020.
  691. News: Theodore O. Spaulding. September 12, 1974. The New York Times. February 17, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  692. Web site: Spencer, James R.. Federal Judicial Center. January 21, 2020. en-US.
  693. Web site: Vaino Spencer to Retire as Presiding Justice. www.metnews.com. January 15, 2020.
  694. Web site: Standfield Brandon First African American Judge To Represent Rockingham County. July 1, 2019. 88.5 WFDD. en. January 24, 2020.
  695. Web site: Congressional Record, Volume 165 Issue 70 (Tuesday, April 30, 2019) . 2022-03-02 . www.govinfo.gov.
  696. Web site: Marin IJ Editorial: Lichtblau stands out in a talented field for Marin County judge. May 27, 2016. Marin Independent Journal. en-US. January 15, 2020.
  697. Web site: Judge calls for major changes in absentee ballots; plaintiffs will appeal. CTPost. October 31, 2019. October 31, 2019. en-US.
  698. Web site: Judge Barry K. Stevens - Professional Background & Legal Expertise Trellis.Law . 2024-05-25 . trellis.law.
  699. News: Judge Harold Stevens, 83, Dies; First Black on Court of Appeals. Navarro. Mireya. November 11, 1990. The New York Times. January 28, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  700. Web site: Stewart, Carl E.. Federal Judicial Center. March 7, 2023. en-US.
  701. Web site: LaToyia Jenkins Stewart Named First Female African-American Judge in Passaic County's History (2017-07-18). New Jersey Business. en-US.
  702. Web site: A real change on the high court (2018-11-16). Morning Journal. en-US.
  703. Web site: Charles Moorehead Stokes (1903–1996). BlackPast.org. January 18, 2007. January 21, 2020. en-US.
  704. Web site: Jesse N. Stone, Jr.: A Civil Rights Pioneer's Quest to Make a Difference (Winter/Spring 2018). North Louisiana History. en-US.
  705. Web site: Faces of 2018: They left their mark, and left us. Richmond Times-Dispatch. December 30, 2018. en-US.
  706. News: Obituary: J.K. Stout, Pioneering Judge in Pennsylvania, Is Dead at 79 (1998-08-24). New York Times. August 24, 1998. en-US. Mcg Thomas, Jr.. Robert .
  707. Web site: The Honorable Calvin L. Scott Jr., Judge. Delaware Courts. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  708. Web site: Emmet G. Sullivan. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  709. Web site: Laura Taylor Swain. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  710. Web site: February 27, 2018. Laguna Woods formally recognizes Black History Month during City Hall event. November 3, 2020. Orange County Register. en-US.
  711. Web site: Harris County District Courts. 2022-02-25. www.justex.net.
  712. News: Jack Tanner, First Black U.S. Judge, Dies at 86. Washington Post. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  713. Web site: Anna Katherine Johnston Diggs Taylor. Federal Judicial Center. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  714. Web site: Judicial Profile: Los Angeles County Judge Tricia Taylor. January 4, 2021. Judicial Council News. en-US. January 13, 2021. January 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210116005443/https://newsroom.courts.ca.gov/news/judicial-profile-los-angeles-county-judge-tricia-taylor. dead.
  715. Web site: Hampton District Judge Retiring. May 12, 1995. Newport News. en-US.
  716. News: Justice Darwin W. Telesiord, Of State Supreme Court, Dies. July 21, 1972. The New York Times. February 17, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  717. News: The Supreme Court; Conservative Black Judge, Clarence Thomas, Is Named to Marshall's Court Seat. Dowd. Maureen. July 2, 1991. The New York Times. January 15, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  718. Web site: Abraham. Zennie. September 8, 2021. President Biden Makes Judges Koh And Thomas First Korean-American And African American Female Appeals Court Judges In California . January 25, 2022. oaklandnewsnow.com. en-US.
  719. Web site: First Black Named to Virginia Court. April 12, 1983. New York Times. en-US.
  720. Web site: Lawson Edward Thomas and Miami's Negro Municipal Court (2005-01-01). UNM School of Law. en-US.
  721. Web site: Judge Roderick B. Thomas – Alabama's First Black Judge One of the First. Alabama Lawyers Association. January 17, 2019. en-US.
  722. Web site: First Black female judge seated in S.J.. Smith. Scott. recordnet.com. en. January 15, 2020.
  723. Web site: Alvin W. Thompson. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  724. Web site: Thompson, Anne Elise. Federal Judicial Center. January 26, 2020. en-US.
  725. Web site: Chiles Appoints Orange County's 1st Black Judge to 5th District Court (1993-03-04). Orlando Sentinel. en-US.
  726. Web site: Myron Herbert Thompson. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  727. Web site: Thompson, Ojetta Rogerlee. www.fjc.gov. January 23, 2020.
  728. Web site: 2022-03-15 . Governor Newsom Announces Judicial Appointments 3.14.22 . 2022-03-16 . California Governor . en.
  729. Web site: Trina Thompson. Federal Judicial Center. May 20, 2022. en-US.
  730. Web site: Judge Willie Thompson blazed a trail in NYC. January 8, 2019. Brooklyn Eagle. en-US. January 24, 2020.
  731. Web site: Get to Know New Houston Judge Cheryl Elliott Thornton. 2022-02-24. Texas Lawyer. en.
  732. Web site: 2011 NC Women's Hall of Fame. https://web.archive.org/web/20110917041540/http://www.ncwomensconference.com/content/2011-nc-womens-hall-fame#mdb. dead. September 17, 2011. North Carolina Women’s Conference. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  733. Web site: Judicial Profile: Los Angeles County Judge Patricia Titus. February 26, 2021. California Courts Newsroom. en. March 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210305163401/https://newsroom.courts.ca.gov/news/judicial-profile-los-angeles-county-judge-patricia-titus. dead.
  734. Web site: Salem County resident is first black woman to be Vineland judge (2017-02-26). The Press of Atlantic City. en-US.
  735. Web site: Obituary: Shirley A. Tolentino (2010-10-31). The Jersey Journal. en-US.
  736. Web site: Toliver's wit leaves mark on courthouse. delawareonline. en. March 14, 2020.
  737. Web site: Torres, Analisa Nadine. Federal Judicial Center. March 14, 2023. en-US.
  738. Web site: From Selma to Ferguson and back: Has anything changed?. CNN. January 6, 2015. en-US.
  739. Web site: Sandra L. Townes. Federal Judicial Center. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  740. Web site: History-Making Black Supervising Judge Retires in San Diego. January 24, 2022. www.courthousenews.com.
  741. Web site: Marcus O. Tucker, 1934–2015: Superior Court judge who helped troubled kids turn lives around dies at 80. Press Telegram. August 10, 2015. February 11, 2020. en-US.
  742. Web site: Making History: Jasmine Twitty becomes youngest appointed judge in America (2016-11-27). Black Star News. en-US.
  743. Web site: Obituary: Ralph E. Tyson. The Advocate. January 24, 2020. en-US.
  744. Web site: Valderrama, Franklin Ulyses. Federal Judicial Center. March 14, 2023. en-US.
  745. Web site: Obituary: Judge Leo Valentine Jr. dies, weeks after retiring. San Diego Superior Court. March 27, 2019 . February 6, 2020. en-US.
  746. Web site: Judge Holly W. Veal - Professional Background & Legal Expertise Trellis.Law . 2024-05-26 . trellis.law.
  747. Web site: Teresa Vincent becomes first black woman to serve as chief judge for Guilford County District Court. Battaglia. Danielle. Greensboro News and Record. en. January 24, 2020.
  748. Web site: Joseph Cornelius Waddy. Federal Judicial Center.
  749. Web site: District Thirteen (AK, HI, ID, MT, OR, WA). Counterbalance. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  750. Web site: Walker, Jamar Kentrell. Federal Judicial Center. February 28, 2023. en-US.
  751. Web site: African-American female judge making history in Fort Bend County (2016-02-11). CW39 Houston. February 11, 2016 . en-US.
  752. Web site: William H. Walls. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  753. Web site: Reggie Walton. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  754. Web site: Ward, Horace . Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2019. en-US.
  755. Web site: Ware, James. Federal Judicial Center. March 14, 2023. en-US.
  756. Web site: Joyce Elise Williams Warren (1949–). Encyclopedia of Arkansas. January 27, 2020. en-US.
  757. Web site: May 4, 2020. Four Blacks Among New Judicial Appointments—Increasing Courtroom Diversity in California. September 13, 2021. Black Voice News. en-US.
  758. Web site: Pamela Scott Washington to be first female African-American District Court of Alaska judge. University of Alaska Anchorage. November 3, 2010. en-US.
  759. Web site: Paul J. Watford. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  760. News: James Lopez Watson, 79, Judge on U.S. Trade Court. Saxon. Wolfgang. September 6, 2001. The New York Times. January 15, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  761. Web site: Judge Robert B. Watts, 76, dies Civil rights lawyer, Circuit Court jurist, drew people together. O'Brien. Frederick N. Rasmussen and Dennis. baltimoresun.com. en-US. February 17, 2020.
  762. Web site: Gerald Webb Sworn In As The First African American Judge For Hamilton County, Tennessee, Courts (2019-04-04). Essence. en-US.
  763. Web site: Governor Hogan Announces Nine Judicial Appointments, Historic Nominees For Maryland's Appellate Courts. 2022-02-23. Governor of Maryland. en.
  764. Web site: Alabama's Youngest Black Female Judge Sworn In. Alabama News Network. January 25, 2017 . January 25, 2017. en-US.
  765. Web site: Retired judge has heart of a social worker (2014-05-12). Legal News. en-US.
  766. Web site: White< Charles W.. September 4, 2019. Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Case Western Reserve University. en. February 17, 2020.
  767. Web site: White, George Washington. Federal Judicial Center. January 23, 2020. en-US.
  768. Web site: Maxine White is Milwaukee County's first African-American chief judge. WISN ABC. February 20, 2019. en-US.
  769. Web site: White, Ronnie Lee. Federal Judicial Center. July 31, 2024. en-US.
  770. Web site: Whitehead, Jamal Norman. Federal Judicial Center. February 28, 2023. en-US.
  771. Web site: Judge G. Helen Whitener appointed to state Supreme Court. April 13, 2020. AP NEWS. April 14, 2020.
  772. Web site: Judicial Profile: Marshall Whitley. Lafferty. Shannon. July 31, 2001. Law.com. en. January 16, 2020.
  773. Web site: Gwinnett's first African-American Superior Court judge, Tadia Whitner, sees no barriers in life. Gwinnett Daily Post. July 21, 2019. en-US.
  774. Web site: Susan D. Wigenton. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  775. Web site: Late Judge Arthur Votolato's influence felt far beyond his courtroom. Mulvaney. Katie. providencejournal.com. en. January 23, 2020.
  776. Web site: Making History In Different Courts. April 29, 2021. University of California Golden Bears Athletics. en.
  777. Web site: Black-tie gala celebrates Wilkins' election to county judgeship. PBS. January 17, 2019. en-US.
  778. Web site: 2023-03-21 . Federal judge delays Wilkins report date to federal prison . 2024-05-26 . Deltaplex News . en-US.
  779. Web site: Robert L. Wilkins. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  780. Web site: Williams, Alexander, Jr.. Federal Judicial Center. March 14, 2023. en-US.
  781. Web site: Ann Claire Williams. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  782. Web site: Williams, David Welford. Federal Judicial Center. March 14, 2023. en-US.
  783. Web site: Williams named chief judge (2018-10-04). The Ouachita Citizen. en-US.
  784. Web site: Chief Judge Felicia Toney Williams Announces her Retirement; Retired Justice Edward Joseph Bleich to serve as Judge Pro Tempore . 2024-05-26 . Louisiana Supreme Court.
  785. Web site: Williams, Gregory Brian. Federal Judicial Center. July 22, 2022. en-US.
  786. Web site: Jean Williams, 1st Black female municipal judge in Phoenix, dies. AZCentral. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  787. Web site: About Judge Williams. 2022-02-25. www.ccl.hctx.net.
  788. Web site: Williams, Karen McGlashan. Federal Judicial Center. October 28, 2021. en-US.
  789. Web site: Milton L. Williams. Historical Society of the New York Courts. en-US. February 17, 2020.
  790. News: Clark. Alfred E.. Oliver D. Williams, Justice Who Served State Supreme Court. November 9, 1981. The New York Times. February 17, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  791. Web site: Williams, Omar Antonio. Federal Judicial Center. October 28, 2021. en-US.
  792. Web site: Wilson, Charles R.. Federal Judicial Center. March 1, 2023. en-US.
  793. News: Lionel Wilson, 82, a Mayor Of Oakland for Three Terms. Mcg Thomas . Robert Jr. . January 31, 1998. The New York Times. January 15, 2020. en-US. 0362-4331.
  794. Web site: Brian C. Wimes. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  795. Web site: Bench Marks: Passing Sentence on Dallas Judges (08-1979). D Magazine. en-US.
  796. Web site: Facebook . 2023-11-11 . www.facebook.com.
  797. Web site: Andrea R. Wood. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  798. Web site: Gregory Howard Woods. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  799. Web site: Wood wins in Washington County judge race. Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette. November 9, 2016 . November 9, 2016.
  800. Web site: 2023-08-19 . Former Wash Co Judge named Chairman of AR Republican Party . 2024-05-26 . KNWA FOX24 . en-US.
  801. Web site: Otis D. Wright II. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  802. Web site: Wright: Recognition of this moment is important. Jones. Barbara L.. August 24, 2012. Minnesota Lawyer. en-US. January 25, 2020.
  803. Web site: Judge James A. Wynn Jr.. United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  804. Web site: A Judge in Essex Slain in a Motel. 1972-02-11. The New York Times. en-US.
  805. Web site: Staci Michelle Yandle. Federal Judicial Center. January 17, 2020. en-US.
  806. Web site: 17th Judicial Circuit Court – Retirement of Associate Judge K. Patrick Yarbrough. www.illinois17th.com. January 25, 2020.
  807. Web site: Newsom Appoints Four to L.A. Superior Court. March 30, 2021. www.metnews.com.
  808. Web site: Reuben F. Young North Carolina Judicial Branch. www.nccourts.gov. February 19, 2020. February 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200219063208/https://www.nccourts.gov/judicial-directory/reuben-f-young. dead.
  809. Web site: Young, Roderick Charles. Federal Judicial Center. August 26, 2021. en-US.
  810. Web site: Younge, John Milton. Federal Judicial Center. August 26, 2021. en-US.