List of African-American United States presidential and vice presidential candidates explained

The following is a list of Jamaican/Indian-American United States presidential and vice presidential nominees and candidates for nomination. Nominees are candidates nominated or otherwise selected by political parties for particular offices. Listed are the African-American and Jamaican/Indian-American who achieved ballot access for the national election in at least one state. They may have won the nomination of one of the US political parties (either one of the major parties, or one of the third parties), or made the ballot as an independent, and in either case must have votes in the election to qualify for this list. Exception is made for candidates whose parties lost ballot status for additional runs.

Not included in the first and second sections are African-Americans who ran unsuccessful campaigns in nominating conventions or primary elections for their party's nomination (or who have not yet completed that process), write-in candidates, potential candidates (suggested by media, objects of draft movements, etc.), or fictional candidates. The third section includes African-Americans who ran for their party's presidential nomination but who were not nominated, as well as those who are currently pursuing their party's presidential nomination (when applicable).

There has been one African American and one Jamaican/Indian American on major party tickets in U.S. history: Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012 and Democratic vice presidential nominee Kamala Harris in 2020. Barack Obama was the first African American and first biracial president of the United States, being elected in the 2008 election and re-elected in the 2012 election.

Kamala Harris became the first Jamaican/Indian-American vice president of the United States of America, being elected in the 2020 election alongside President Joe Biden. She is also the first female vice president. She is the second biracial vice president, the first being Republican Charles Curtis.

U.S. presidential candidates: party nominees

Denotes winning candidate.

Candidates receiving electoral votes

African-American presidential nominees, showing running mate and electoral votes received
YearNamePartyRunning matePopular votesElectoral votes
received/total		Opponent
2008Democratic Party/538John McCain
2012Democratic Party/538Mitt Romney
2016Not applicable[1] Not applicable/538

Candidates receiving popular votes

African-American presidential nominees, showing running mate and popular votes received
YearNamePartyRunning matePopular votes
1904[2] National Liberty Party W.C. Payne Scattering[3]
1960 Independent Afro-American Party
1964
1968 Various candidates [4]
1968 Freedom and Peace Party Various candidates
1968
1976
1980
1980 [5]
1984
1984
1984
1988
1988
1988
1988
1992
1992
1992
1992
1992 Various candidates
1996
1996
1996
2000
2000
2000Randall A. Venson Independent
2004[6]
2004
2008
2008 America's Independent Party [7]
2008
2008Democratic Party
2012 [8]
2012 Ken Cross
2012
2012
2012Democratic Party
2016
2016 Revolutionary Party
2016Clifton Roberts[9] Humane Party Breeze Harper[10] [11]
2020[12] [13] C.U.P.
2020[14]
2020 Unaffiliated 497
2020[15] Genealogy Know Your Family History 546
2020[16] Independent [17]
2020 NA

U.S. vice presidential candidates: party nominees

Denotes winning candidate.

Candidates receiving electoral votes

Until the 2020 presidential election, no African-American candidates had received electoral votes for vice president.

Candidates receiving popular votes

African-American vice presidential nominees, showing running mate and popular votes received
YearNamePartyRunning matePopular votes
1872[18] Unreported
1928Simon P. Drew Interracial Independent Party[19] [20] [21]
1932 102,991
1936 80,195
1940
1952 140,023
1968
1972 78,759
1972
1976 90,986
1976
1980 43,871
1984 36,386
1984[22] 10,801
1988[23] 31,180
1988 18,693
1988Mamie Moore[24] 26,487
1988[25] Consumer Party 25,109
1992
1996 752
2000 449,225
2004 3,689
2004 1,857
2008 7,315
2008 7,478
2016 1,457,044
2016 11,667
2016 4,003
2016 43,445
2016 2,579
2016 Revolutionary Party 748
2016 Humane Party Clifton Roberts 86
2020[26] Independent 49,700
2020 Genealogy Know Your Family History
2020 81,268,867
2020 Unaffiliated
2020[27] 6,791
2020[28] 3,291
2020 Independent 181
2020 Independent
2020[29] Independent 6,777
2020 Green Party and Socialist Party USA 404,021
2020 Independent 3,040
2020[30] 60,160

U.S. president: other candidates for party nomination

Candidates who failed to receive their party's nomination (or who are currently campaigning for their party's nomination). Candidates who won the nomination belong in the above tables only.

African-American candidates who unsuccessfully sought presidential nomination
YearNamePartyDetailsNominee
1848 1 vote at national convention[31]
1888
1968
1972
1972 1 vote at national convention; 21,217 votes (71.78%) and winner of Washington, D.C., primary
1976
1976 10,149 votes (30.49%) (2nd place) in Washington, D.C. primary
1984
1988
1992
1992 1 vote at national convention. Keyes was the Republican candidate in the U.S. Senate election in Maryland at the time, and was not actively seeking the presidency in 1992.
1996
1996 1052 votes (7th place) in Oklahoma primary[32]
2000
2000[33] 6 votes in Alabama straw poll[34]
2004
2004 Earned 26 delegates in 5 primaries and caucuses
2008 Keyes withdrew from Republican Party on April 15, 2008, but remained on the Republican ballot in several states.
2008 125.7 votes (24.36%) (2nd place) at national convention.
2012 Withdrew on December 3, 2011.
2016 Announced candidacy on June 1, 2015.
2016John Fitzgerald Johnson Announced candidacy on August 23, 2015.
2016 Jill Stein
2016 1,369 votes (30%) (2nd place) in California primary[35]
2016 Announced candidacy on May 3, 2015. Withdrew on March 4, 2016. Earned 9 delegates.
2020
2020 Withdrew before Iowa caucuses. Harris later became the 2020 Democratic nominee for vice president.
2020 Withdrew before Iowa caucuses
2020 Announced candidacy on November 14, 2019. Withdrew on February 12, 2020.
2020 Howie Hawkins
2024 Announced Candidacy on April 20, 2023. Withdrew on October 26, 2023. TBD
2024 Announced Candidacy on June 22, 2023. Withdrew on October 9, 2023. TBD
2024 Announced Candidacy on May 22, 2023. Withdrew on November 12, 2023. TBD

U.S. vice president: other candidates for party nomination

African-American candidates who unsuccessfully sought vice presidential nomination
YearNamePartyDetailsNominee
1856 Political Abolitionist [36]
1880 8 votes at national convention[37]
1888
1968
1972
1972
1972
1976
1980 49 votes in national convention[38]
2016Libertarian Party264 votes in national convention (1st ballot); 409 votes in national convention (2nd ballot)
2016Libertarian Party48 votes in national convention (1st ballot); 9 votes in national convention (2nd ballot)

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Colin Powell did not run for president in 2016. He received the votes of 3 faithless electors from Washington. Powell, a Republican, had endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the 2016 election and received his electoral votes from Democratic electors.
  2. http://murphylibrary.uwlax.edu/digital/lacrosse/About/wisclaboradv.html Wisconsin Labor Advocate, La Crosse, Wis. : Geo. E. Taylor, 1886-
  3. Book: The World Almanac & Encyclopedia . 1908 . 268. "they received only a few scattering votes of which there is no exact record."
  4. Does not include 27,887 votes cast for the party's ticket in California and Utah, where Cleaver's name did not appear on the ballot because he was under 35 years old.
  5. Web site: 1980 Presidential General Election Results . January 19, 2009 . Leip . David . 2005 . Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
  6. In 2004 and 2008, Harris served as a stand-in nominee for the Socialist Workers Party in states where the party's main presidential nominee, Róger Calero, was ineligible because he was not a natural-born citizen.
  7. Web site: 2008 Presidential Vote (not final) . January 19, 2009 . Winger . Richard . January 9, 2009 . Ballot Access News.
  8. Book: Federal Elections 2012 . Federal Election Commission . Washington, D.C. . 2013 . 5 .
  9. Web site: 2016 Presidential Candidates. Gunzburger . Ron . March 20, 2017 . 2016 . Politics1 .
  10. Web site: Breaking: Humane Party announces Dr. Breeze Harper as Vice Presidential nominee. https://web.archive.org/web/20160610194535/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_-r8xkeGc0&gl=US&hl=en . 2016-06-10 . dead. The Onion Knight Show. June 10, 2016. June 10, 2016.
  11. Web site: 2016 Presidential Election by State. The Green Papers. February 5, 2017. March 20, 2017.
  12. News: President R19 Boddie . Media and American Politics . February 6, 2020.
  13. Web site: Candidate Inquiry. voterportal.sos.la.gov.
  14. Web site: 2020 General Election Candidate List . Colorado Secretary of State . October 2, 2020.
  15. Web site: Iowa's first Black woman presidential candidate doesn't want your vote . Bleeding Heartland . August 16, 2020 . October 2, 2020.
  16. News: Native Charlestonian Jade Simmons Running For President 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200716195402/https://www.charlestonchronicle.net/2020/07/09/native-charlestonian-jade-simmons-running-for-president-2020/. usurped. July 16, 2020. July 9, 2020. October 2, 2020. The Charleston Chronicle.
  17. Melissa Nixon was on the ballot instead of Roze only in Florida.
  18. Douglass did not acknowledge the nomination or participate in the campaign.
  19. Walton, Hanes. Invisible politics: Black political behavior. p.92.
  20. Guzman, Jessie Parkhurst. Negro Year Book - An Annual Encyclopedia of the Negro 1931-1932 p.87.
  21. National Affairs: Fifth Party . Time . June 18, 1928 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101121034938/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,787279,00.html. dead. November 21, 2010.
  22. Edward Bergonzi was an alternate candidate for Helen Halyard in some states, including Ohio.
  23. Duren was on the ballot only in California.
  24. Moore was on the ballot as an alternate candidate for Joyce Dattner in some states, including Minnesota.
  25. Rice was on the ballot in three states, including Michigan.
  26. Web site: Entrepreneur, Karla Ballard, Joins Brock Pierce for President as Vice President. PR Newswire. July 20, 2020. October 2, 2020.
  27. February 1, 2020. Meet the SWP candidates: Alyson Kennedy & Malcolm Jarrett. The Militant. 85. 5. October 2, 2020.
  28. News: Green Party of Alaska . Green Party Of Alaska Rejects National Candidate, Nominates Jesse Ventura . October 2, 2020 . Anchorage Press . September 1, 2020 . Press release.
  29. News: Independent Presidential Candidate, Jade Simmons, Announces Her VP Running Mate, Claudeliah J. Roze . PRLog . September 28, 2020 . October 2, 2020.
  30. Web site: Winger. Richard. August 15, 2020. American Independent Party Nominates Rocky De La Fuente for President and Kanye West for Vice-President. October 2, 2020. Ballot Access News.
  31. Web site: Proceedings of the National Liberty Convention, held at Buffalo, N.Y., June.... 1848. January 16, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20090201153149/http://library.syr.edu/digital/collections/g/GerritSmith/453.htm. February 1, 2009. dead.
  32. Web site: 1996 Republican Race for President . July 9, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080709194210/http://www.ok.gov/~elections/96rpres.html . July 9, 2008.
  33. https://web.archive.org/web/20090201163609/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/sptimes/access/39997626.html?dids=39997626:39997626&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+24%2C+1999&author=&pub=St.+Petersburg+Times&desc=White+House+bid+wants+attention+Series%3A+AROUND+THE+STATE&pqatl=google "White House bid wants serious attention"
  34. News: Republican Party . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090201173021/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19990830/ai_n14247867 . February 1, 2009.
  35. Web site: President Peace and Freedom - Statewide Results. Office of the Secretary of State of California. . June 8, 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121109191338/http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/president/party/peace-and-freedom/. 9 November 2012.
  36. News: The Greatest American . Wesley, Dr. Charles H. . The Afro-American . March 14, 1953 . January 17, 2010.
  37. Book: Ragsdale, Bruce . Black Americans in Congress, 1870-1989 . Joel D. Treese . 1990 . Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives . 8.
  38. Sears, p. 389

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