List of ships sunk by submarines by death toll explained

While submarines were invented centuries ago, development of self-propelled torpedoes during the latter half of the 19th century dramatically increased the effectiveness of military submarines.

Initial submarine scouting patrols against surface warships sank several cruisers during the first month of World War I. Incidental submarine encounters with merchant ships were performed by signalling ships to stop, then sinking them after evacuation of the crew, in accordance with international law. After unrestricted submarine warfare began in February 1915, any ship could be sunk unexpectedly from the heavy underwater hull damage inflicted by torpedoes. Many large ships sank without their crews being able to alert friendly forces in time, and the submarines which sank them were too small to rescue more than a few survivors.[1]

Many personnel casualties continued through World War II, and there have been a few later sinkings.

List of ships sunk by submarines by death tolls exceeding 150

data-sort-type="number" DeathsNameTypeNational affiliationDateSubmarineNational affiliation
9,343[2] Cruise ship converted into a military transport serving as evacuation ship 30 January 1945
6,500[3] Freighter converted into a troop transport serving as evacuation ship 16 April 1945
5,620[4] Junyō Maru Prisoner transport class=nowrap18 September 1944
5,400[5] Toyama Maru 29 June 1944
4,998[6] Ryusei Maru Troopship 24 February 1944
4,406-4,755[7] Tamatsu Maru Troopship 19 August 1944
3,608[8] Ocean liner converted into a troop transport serving as evacuation ship 10 February 1945
3,546[9] Mayasan Maru Troopship 18 November 1944
3,219[10] Nikkin Maru Troopship 30 June 1944
3,000 Tango Maru Prisoner transport 24 February 1944
2,765[11] Troopship 8 February 1944
2,670 Prisoner transport 8 February 1944
2,665 Teia Maru Troopship 19 August 1944
2,649[12] Troopship 26 April 1944
2,495[13] Yoshino Maru Troopship 31 July 1944
2,475 Sakito Maru Troopship 1 March 1944
2,246 Escort carrier operated by the Imperial Japanese Army14 November 1944
2,134 Hawaii Maru Troopship 2 December 1944
2,113[14] Edogawa Maru Troopship 17 November 1944
2,089[15] Dainichi Maru Troopship 8 October 1943
2,035[16] Troopship 28 April 1943
2,008[17] Ocean liner 1 April 1945
2,000 Ural Maru Ocean liner 27 September 1944
2,000[18] Salzburg Transport ship serving as prisoner transport 1 October 1942
1,934 Nichiren Maru Troopship 16 March 1944
1,926[19] Troopship 8 June 1916
1,773[20] Arisan Maru Prisoner transport 24 October 1944 or
1,747 Arabia Maru Troopship 18 October 1944
1,704 Denmark Maru Troopship 16 January 1944
1,658[21] 12 September 1942
1,650[22] Aircraft carrier19 June 1944
1,602 Daisyō Maru Troopship 26 October 1944
1,576 Marei Maru Troopship 25 January 1945
1,540 Kōshū Maru Prisoner transport 4 August 1944
1,539 Kenzui Maru Troopship 23 December 1944
1,529[23] Tsushima Maru Cargo liner serving as evacuation ship 22 August 1944
1,471 Jinyō Maru Troopship 7 December 1944
1,451 Hakuyo Maru Troopship 25 October 1944
1,450 Maebashi Maru Troopship 30 September 1943
1,435 Aircraft carrier 29 November 1944
1,428 Shiranesan Maru Troopship 19 October 1944
1,400 Tatsuta Maru Troopship 9 February 1943
1,394 Mizuho Maru Troopship 21 September 1944
1,384 Fuso Maru Troopship 31 July 1944
1,338[24] Troopship 8 October 1916
1,310 Awata Maru Troopship 22 October 1943
1,300 8 June 1945
1,291[25] Troopship 24 May 1941
1,279[26] Troopship 12 February 1944
1,273 Tsuyama Maru Troopship 2 October 1944
1,272 Aircraft carrier 19 June 1944
1,262 Nichiran Maru Troopship 12 July 1944
1,250 Escort carrier 4 December 1943
1,240 Aircraft carrier 19 December 1944
1,197[27] Ocean liner
1,200 Ocean liner 19 March 1943
1,200[28] Battleship or battlecruiser21 November 1944
1,188[29] Troopship 24 January 1944
1,184 Rashin Maru Troopship 8 August 1945
1,159 Rakuyo Maru Prisoner transport 12 September 1944
1,130[30] Escort carrier 17 November 1944
1,118 Hakozaki Maru Ocean liner 19 March 1945
1,073 Fukuyo Maru Troopship 6 December 1944
1,053[31] Montevideo Maru Prisoner transport 1 July 1942
995[32] Troopship 28 March 1942
956 Taihei Maru Troopship 9 July 1944
935[33] Troopship 13 August 1915
921[34] Città di Palermo Armed merchant cruiser serving as troopship 5 January 1942
930[35] Troopship 26 February 1916
883[36] Heavy cruiser 30 July 1945
880[37] Troopship 11 May 1918
870[38] Troopship 15 February 1917
866[39] [40] Cargo ship serving as POW ship 14 November 1942
865[41] Ocean liner serving as POW ship 2 July 1940
862[42] 25 November 1941
856[43] Troopship/POW ship 28 November 1942
856 Tenryō Maru Troopship 29 May 1945
846[44] Lisbon Maru Prisoner transport 1 October 1942
819[45] Troopship 24 December 1944
817 Ocean liner 8 May 1942
810 Akane Maru Troopship 6 October 1944
800 Troopship 19 April 1943
786[46] Battleship 14 October 1939
768[47] 24 February 1942
754[48] Ocean liner 17 February 1917
747 Escort carrier 18 August 1944
740[49] Troopship 4 November 1915
700[50] Coastal merchant ship serving as POW ship 23 December 1941
688[51] Shinyō Maru Prisoner transport 7 September 1944
686 Taisei Maru Troopship 19 April 1945
684[52] 27 April 1915
683[53] 13 November 1942
675[54] Troopship 3 February 1943
672[55] 23 October 1915
668 Nikkō Maru Passenger and cargo ship 9 April 1945
667[56] Taito Maru Cargo ship serving as evacuation ship 22 August 1945
658 Tateyama Maru Troopship 1 March 1945
656 Sanka Maru Troopship 10 March 1945
654[57] Ocean liner 7 December 1942
648[58] 26 November 1916
644[59] 24 November 1943
643[60] 5 June 1916
638[61] Troopship 11 May 1918
638[62] Cable layer serving as evacuation ship 22 August 1945
615 Prisoner transport 29 November 1943
611[63] Troopship 20 April 1943
610[64] Troopship 30 December 1917
599[65] Ocean liner serving as evacuation ship 6 March 1944
597[66] 11 October 1914
595[67] Prisoner transport 24 June 1944
574[68] Depot ship serving as troopship 12 January 1944
570[69] 15 June 1942
564[70] Irish Sea Ferry 10 October 1918
562[71]
555[72] Euterpe Troopship 11 August 1918
547[73] 1 January 1915
544[74] Troopship 5 October 1943
527[75]
526[76] 15 October 1914
523 Troopship 6 May 1944
518 Aircraft carrier 17 September 1939
514[77] 15 November 1942
503 Nankin Maru Troopship 17 March 1945
500~[78] Troopship 1 March 1942
497[79] Tembien Cargo ship serving as POW ship 27 February 1942
488 Prisoner transport 12 September 1944
484[80] Troopship 17 June 1943
484[81] [82] Light cruiser 25 February 1941
470[83] Light cruiser 14 December 1941
461 Ikoma Maru Prisoner transport 20 January 1944
452 Kenjo Maru Troopship 7 December 1944
450[84] Troopship 30 August 1941
450[85] Light cruiser 20 October 1944
448 Seisho Maru Troopship 18 November 1944
440[86] Prisoner transport 1 November 1944
436[87] Ocean liner 14 July 1918
432[88] Città di Messina Troopship 12 January 1941
419[89] Light cruiser 24 November 1941
417[90] Light cruiser 18 February 1944
414[91] Troopship 4 May 1917
400[92] Troopship 16 August 1918
392[93] Troopship 13 March 1943
381[94] 1 April 1942
379[95] Ocean liner 28 May 1940
375[96]
374[97] 8 February 1916
373[98] Merchant ship 13 August 1944
369[99] 30 December 1942
364[100] 3 March 1943
362[101] Ocean liner 29 October 1942
360[102] Cargo and passenger liner 8 December 1940
360[103] Ocean liner 17 January 1941
360[104] 23 October 1944
349[105] Light cruiser 7 August 1944
344[106] Troopship 11 May 1917
343[107] Emma Cargo ship/Troopship 16 January 1943
336[108] 23 October 1944
336[109] Aviso/Sloop 29 June 1942
334[110] Ocean liner 30 December 1915
330[111] 18 August 1944
323[112] 2 May 1982
320[113] Sebastiano Venier Cargo ship serving as POW ship 9 December 1941
307 21 November 1944
305 5 August 1944
300[114] Andrea Sgarallino Passenger ship 22 September 1943
272[115] Troopship 7 February 1943
270[116] 15 August 1942
268[117] Hospital ship14 May 1943
258Ocean liner serving as child evacuation ship17 September 1940U-48
226 25 June 1942
194[118] 9 December 1971
193[119] 15 September 1942

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Tarrant, V.E. . The U-Boat Offensive 1914–1945 . Arms and Armour . 1989 . 1-85409-520-X . 7–14.
  2. Web site: A Memorial to The Wilhelm Gustloff . Jason Pipes . 2010-12-06.
  3. Book: Goralski, Robert . World War II Almanac: 1931–1945 . 1981 . New York . G.P. Putnam's Sons . 0-399-12548-5 . 397.
  4. Web site: List of Casualties . van der Kuil . Peter . The Sinking of the Junyo Maru . March 2003 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120312064714/http://www.members.iinet.net.au/~vanderkp/junyopg8.html . 12 March 2012.
  5. Web site: Greatest Maritime Disasters . International Registry of Sunken Ships . 2010-12-06.
  6. Web site: More Maritime Disasters of World War II . George Duncan . 2010-12-06.
  7. Web site: Convoy Hi-71 (ヒ71船団) . All Japan Seamen's Union . 2011-11-17.
  8. Web site: SS General von Steuben [+1945] ]. WreckSite . 2010-12-06.
  9. Web site: Convoy Hi-81 (ヒ81船団) . All Japan Seamen's Union . 2011-11-17.
  10. Web site: Nikkin Maru – Casualties (日錦丸の被害) . All Japan Seamen's Union . 2011-11-18.
  11. Web site: Convoy Mo-Ta-06 (モタ61船団) . All Japan Seamen's Union . 2011-11-18.
  12. Web site: Convoy Take Ichi . All Japan Seamen's Union . 2011-11-17.
  13. Web site: List of sunken ships in Pacific War (太平洋戦争時の喪失船舶明細表) . Sunken Ships Record Association (戦没船を記録する会) . 2012-10-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233818/http://www.ric.hi-ho.ne.jp/senbotusen/siryo-deta/senbotukisenlist.pdf . 2 December 2013 . dead .
  14. Web site: Convoy Mi-27 . All Japan Seamen's Union . 2011-11-18.
  15. Web site: Convoy 772 (第772船団) . All Japan Seamen's Union . 2011-11-18.
  16. Web site: List of Casualties – Japanese . WreckSite . 2010-12-09.
  17. Weland . Gerald . October 2010 . Sinking the Awa Maru: Captain Loughlin's Disastrous Mistake . Sea Classics .
  18. Antony Preston, Warship 2001-2002, p. 79
    Donald A Bertke, Gordon Smith, Don Kindell, World War II Sea War, Vol 7: The Allies Strike Back p. 179
    Mikhail Monakov, Jurgen Rohwer, Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programs 1935–1953, p. 266
  19. Book: Favre, Franco . La marina nella Grande Guerra. Le operazioni navali, aeree, subacquee e terrestri in Adriatico . Italian . 145. Other sources say 1,750 victims.
  20. Book: Blair, Clay . 1975 . Silent Victory: The US Submarine War Against Japan . Philadelphia . . 0397007531 . 744 .
  21. Web site: Laconia (British Troop transport) - Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII - uboat.net . 2022-03-08 . uboat.net.
  22. Book: Brown, David . Warship Losses of World War II . 1995 . Annapolis, MD . . 1-55750-914-X . 112.
  23. Web site: Tsushima Maru . Cruise Line Fans . 2010-12-07.
  24. Web site: Armed merchant cruiser Gallia . Uboataces . 2013-11-10.
  25. Web site: List of Casualties . WreckSite . 2010-12-09.
  26. Web site: HIJMS Submarine I-27: Tabular Record of Movement . Combined Fleet . 2011-08-30.
  27. The official figures give 1195 lost out of 1959, excluding three stowaways who also were lost. The figures here eliminate some repetitions from the list and people subsequently known not to be on board. Web site: Passenger and Crew Statistics. The Lusitania Resource. 27 April 2024.
  28. Web site: IJN Kongo: Tabular Record of Movement . Combined Fleet . 2010-12-07.
  29. Web site: IJN Submarine Tender Yasukuni Maru: Tabular Record of Movement . Hackett . Robert . Kingsepp . Sander . Cundall . Peter . Imperial Japanese Navy Page . combinedfleet.com . 1998–2012 .
  30. Web site: IJN Shinyo: Tabular Record of Movement . Tully . Anthony . Stories and Battle Histories of the IJN's Carrier Fleet . combinedfleet.com . 2002 . 9 November 2012 . 12 August 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110812010439/http://www.combinedfleet.com/Shinyo.htm . dead .
  31. Web site: Montevideo Maru . Cruise Line Fans . 2010-12-07.
  32. Book: Notarangelo . Rolando . Pagano . Gian Paolo . Navi mercantili perdute . USMM . XVI.
  33. Book: Wise . James E . Baron . Scott . 2004 . Soldiers Lost at Sea: A Chronicle of Troopship Disasters . Annapolis, MD . Naval Institute Press . 77 . 978-1-59114-966-8 . 52182511 .
  34. Web site: La Morte Eroica del Salsese Don Alberto Carozza . Amici di Salsomaggiore . Italian . Other sources say 600–700 killed.
  35. Web site: La Provence . GreatShips.Net . 2010-12-18.
  36. Book: Brown, David . 1995 . Warship Losses of World War II . Annapolis, MD . Naval Institute Press . 1-55750-914-X . 156.
  37. Web site: Verona . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  38. Web site: Minas . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  39. ALberto Santoni, Il vero traditore. Il ruolo documentato di Ultra nella guerra del Mediterraneo, pp. 257–258
  40. Web site: La vera storia dell'affondamento dello Scillin . Storie di uomini di navi . Trento in Cina . Italian .
  41. Web site: SS Arandora Star . Colonsay . 2010-12-04 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100707023550/http://www.colonsay.org.uk/arandoraPt1.htm . 7 July 2010.
  42. Book: Brown, David . Warship Losses of World War II . 1995 . Annapolis, MD . Naval Institute Press . 1-55750-914-X . 52.
  43. Web site: RMS Nova Scotia . Mercantile Marine . 2010-12-03.
  44. Web site: Lisbon Maru . Cruise Line Fans . 2010-12-07.
  45. Web site: Leopoldville . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  46. Book: Brown, David . Warship Losses of World War II . 1995 . Annapolis, MD . Naval Institute Press . 1-55750-914-X . 27.
  47. Web site: SS Struma . Cruise Line Fans . 2010-12-07.
  48. Web site: Athos . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  49. Web site: Le Calvados . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  50. Web site: Shuntien . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  51. Web site: Roster of Allied Prisoners of War believed aboard Shinyo Maru when torpedoed and sunk 7 September 1944 . Erickson . James W . Japanese-pow Home Page . West-Point.org . 2006 . 28 March 2010.
  52. Web site: Leon Gambetta . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  53. Book: Frank, Richard B . Guadalcanal . 1990 . Random House . 0-394-58875-4 . 459 .
  54. Web site: Dorchester . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  55. Web site: Prinz Adalbert [+1915] ]. WreckSite . 2010-12-18.
  56. Web site: Taitō maru . Museum of Japanese Merchant Ship . 2016-04-23.
  57. Web site: Ceramic . Uboat.net . 2012-11-08.
  58. Web site: Suffren . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  59. Book: Brown, David . Warship Losses of World War II . 1995 . Annapolis, MD . Naval Institute Press . 1-55750-914-X . 74.
  60. Web site: HMS Hampshire . Uboat.net . 2012-11-08.
  61. Web site: Sant Anna . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  62. Web site: HLN802 . NTT Union . 2016-04-23 . 8 May 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160508062048/http://www.commus-hq.ntt-union.or.jp/archives/6221 . dead .
  63. Web site: Sidi-Bel-Abbès . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  64. Web site: Aragon . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  65. Web site: IJA Hospital Ship/IJN Transport AMERICA MARU: Tabular Record of Movement . Hackett . Robert . Imperial Japanese Navy Page . combinedfleet.com . 2012–2014 .
  66. Web site: Pallada . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  67. Web site: IJA Transport TAMAHOKO (ex-YONE) MARU: Tabular Record of Movement . Hackett . Robert . Kingsepp . Sander . Cundall . Peter . Imperial Japanese Navy Page . combinedfleet.com . 1998–2012 .
  68. Web site: IJA Landing Craft Depot Ship NIGITSU MARU: Tabular Record of Movement . Hackett . Robert . Kingsepp . Sander . Cundall . Peter . Imperial Japanese Navy Page . combinedfleet.com . 1998–2012 .
  69. Giuseppe Fioravanzo, "La Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale – Volume II – La guerra nel Mediterraneo – Le azioni navali – Tomo Secondo: dal 1° aprile 1941 all’8 settembre 1943", Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare italiana
  70. News: Donal Byrne. The Sinking of RMS Leinster and SS Dundalk. RTE. 10 October 2018. 10 October 2018. On that morning the Leinster carried about 180 civilians, 77 crew, some 500 soldiers and 22 postal workers. ... One hundred years on, the records of how many were on the Leinster are still being probed and the death toll updated. As of six weeks ago, the figure stands at 564..
  71. Web site: Cressy . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  72. Web site: P.fo Euterpe . DIRItalia .
  73. Book: Tarrant, V.E. . The U-Boat Offensive 1914–1945 . 2000 . Sterling Publishing . 1-85409-520-X . 10.
  74. Book: Cressman, Robert J. . 2000 . The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II . Annapolis, MD . Naval Institute Press . 1-55750-149-1 . 185.
  75. Web site: Aboukir . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  76. Web site: Hawke . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  77. Web site: HMS Avenger (D14) . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  78. Web site: SS Rooseboom (+1942) . WreckSite . 2012-11-04 .
  79. Book: Giorgerini, Giorgio . La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina tra vittoria e sconfitta 1940–1943 . Italian . 519.
  80. Web site: Yoma . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  81. News: Ritrovato il relitto dell'incrociatore Diaz . Giornale di Vicenza . Luca Valente . Italian . 2005-04-13 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140105004956/http://www.lucavalente.it/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=69 . 5 January 2014.
  82. Other sources (Giorgio Giorgerini, La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina fra vittoria e sconfitta 1940–1943, and Gianni Rocca, Fucilate gli ammiragli. La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale) says 500 victims, other 464.
  83. Web site: HMS Galatea (71) . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  84. Web site: Prince Line . The Merchant Navy Association . 2012-02-28.
  85. Web site: IJN Light Cruiser Tama: Tabular Record of Movement . Hackett . Robert . Kingsepp . Sander . Stories and Battle Histories of the IJN's Cruiser Force . combinedfleet.com . 1997–2012 .
  86. Web site: Asama Maru (1929) . Pocock . Michael W . MaritimeQuest . 2007-12-27 .
  87. Web site: Djemnah . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  88. Web site: Città di Messina. conlapelleappesaaunchiodo.blogspot.it. 18 December 2017.
  89. Web site: HMS Dunedin (D93) . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  90. Web site: HMS Penelope (97) . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  91. Web site: SS Transylvania . https://web.archive.org/web/20060107222623/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=19107 . usurped . 2006-01-07 . Clydebuilt . 2011-04-01.
  92. Web site: Balkan . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  93. Book: Jordan, Roger . 2006 . The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars And Wartime Fates of 6,000 Ships . Annapolis, MD . Naval Institute Press . 1-59114-959-2 . 110.
  94. Web site: Vita operativa degli incrociatori . Rome . Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzarri . 1979 .
  95. Web site: Brazza . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  96. Web site: Hogue . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  97. Web site: Amiral Charner . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  98. Web site: Marina Raskova . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  99. Web site: HMS Fidelity (D57) . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  100. Web site: Doggerbank . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  101. Web site: Abosso . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  102. Web site: Calabria . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  103. Web site: Almeda Star . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  104. Book: Silent Victory . registration . Blair, Clay . J. B. Lippincott Company . 1975 . 730.
  105. Web site: IJN Nagara: Tabular Record of Movement . Combined Fleet . 2010-12-07.
  106. Web site: Medjerda . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  107. Book: Rocca, Gianni . Fucilate gli ammiragli: La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale . 273–274.
  108. Book: Dull, Paul S. . A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1941–1945) . Annapolis, MD . Naval Institute Press . 1978 . 328.
  109. Book: Enrico . Cernuschi . Maurizio . Brescia . Erminio . Bagnasco . Le navi ospedale italiane 1935–1945 . 44.
  110. Web site: Persia . Uboat.net . 2010-12-07.
  111. Web site: IJN Natori: Tabular Record of Movement . Combined Fleet . 2010-12-07.
  112. Web site: The sinking of the ARA General Belgrano . Bob Henneman . 2010-12-07.
  113. Web site: British Submarine HMS Porpoise . https://web.archive.org/web/20131026123219/http://www.mikekemble.com/ww2/britsubporpoise.html . usurped . 26 October 2013 . Kemble . Mine . British Submarines of World War 2 .
  114. Web site: L'affondamento dello Sgarallino . 49–52. Mucchio Selvaggio . Other sources say about 330 people were killed.
  115. Book: Arnold, Hague. The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. 2000. 1-55750-019-3. 137.
  116. Scheina, Robert L. "Latin America's Wars Volume II: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900-2001" Potomac Books, 2003. p. 161.
  117. Web site: Centaur (Hospital ship) Australian War Memorial. 2021-03-20. www.awm.gov.au.
  118. Web site: 09/12/1971 – Submarine PNS Hangor Sinks INS Khukri.. 18 December 2017.
  119. Web site: USS Wasp (Wasp-class). World War II Database.

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