| Lingling | |
| Nativename: | Linghua |
| States: | China |
| Region: | Guangxi |
| Ethnicity: | Miao |
| Speakers: | 20,000 |
| Date: | 1991 |
| Familycolor: | mixed |
| Family: | mixed Mandarin–Miao |
| Iso3: | none |
| Glotto: | none |
Lingling (Chinese: Linghua 伶话 Línghuà or Lingling hua; Lingling: pronounced as /liŋ55 va33/) is an unclassified mixed Chinese dialect. It is spoken by 20,000 ethnic Miao in Longsheng County, Guangxi. It is only spoken within the community; with outsiders, Southwestern Mandarin is spoken.
He (2009) covers the Linghua dialect of Taiping (太平村), Pingdeng Township (平等乡), Longsheng County, Guangxi.
A description of the Taipingtang 太平塘村 dialect of Linghua can be found in Wang (2014).[1]
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lateral | |||||||
| Plosive/Affricate | plain | p | t | tɬ | tʂ | tɕ | k | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tɬʰ | tʂʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | ||
| voiced | b | d | dl | dʑ | g | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Fricative | f | s | ɕ | |||||
| ɬ | h | |||||||
| Approximant | w | l | ||||||
/i, a, ɔ, u, y, ə/
| A1 | 55 | |
| A2 | 22 | |
| B1 | 33 | |
| B2 | 44 | |
| C | 44 | |
| D | 22 |
This section lists sample vocabulary in Linghua from Wang (2014). Translated English glosses have also been provided.[1]
| sg. | pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ŋa³³ | ŋai³³ | |
| 2nd person | ŋ̩³³ | ŋ̩³³liɛ⁵⁵ | |
| 3rd person | tʰa⁵⁵, i⁵⁵ | i⁵⁵liɛ⁵⁵ |
| Numeral | Linghua | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | i²² | |
| 2 | ni⁴⁴ | |
| 3 | ɬa⁵⁵ | |
| 4 | ɬi⁴⁴ | |
| 5 | ŋ̩³³ | |
| 6 | liu²² | |
| 7 | tɬʰi²² | |
| 8 | pia²² | |
| 9 | tɕiu³³ | |
| 10 | dl̩²² |
| Chinese gloss | English gloss | Linghua | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 天 | sky | tʰiɛ⁵⁵ | |
| 太阳 | sun | ni²²dau²²/⁵⁵ | |
| 月亮 | moon | wei²²liɔ⁴⁴ | |
| 星星 | star | ɬiɛ⁵⁵liɛ³³ | |
| 云 | cloud | uŋ²²wu⁴⁴ | |
| 雨 | rain | u³³ | |
| 风 | wind | puŋ⁵⁵ | |
| 山 | mountain | ɬai⁵⁵ | |
| 田 | field | diɛ²² |
| Chinese gloss | English gloss | Linghua | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 头 | head | dau²² | |
| 头发 | hair (of head) | dau²²pei²²/⁵⁵ | |
| 脸 | face | miɛ⁴⁴ | |
| 耳朵 | ear | niɛ³³tɔ³³ | |
| 眼睛 | eye | ŋai³³tɬiɛ⁵⁵ | |
| 鼻子 | nose | bi²²haŋ³³ | |
| 嘴 | mouth | hau³³ | |
| 舌头 | tongue | iɛ²²liɛ³³ | |
| 牙齿 | tooth | ŋa²²tɬʰl̩³³ | |
| 脖子 | neck | tɕiɛ³³kuai³³ | |
| 肩 | shoulder | kai⁵⁵dau²² | |
| 脊背 | back | pei⁴⁴ | |
| 手 | hand | ɕiu³³ | |
| 脚 | leg, foot | tɕiɔ²² | |
| 心 | heart | ɬiŋ⁵⁵ | |
| 肉 | meat, flesh | nai⁴⁴ | |
| 皮 | skin | bi²² | |
| 骨头 | bone | gy³³ | |
| 左 | left (side) | tɬɔ³³ | |
| 右 | right (side) | iu⁴⁴ |