Lindsaeineae Explained

Lindsaeineae is a suborder of ferns (Polypodiopsida), order Polypodiales, created by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016). It consists of two monogeneric families plus the larger Lindsaeaceae with seven genera, and the suborder contains about 237 species overall. It corresponds to Lindsaeaceae sensu Smith 2016.^[1]

Description

The rhizomes are short to long, creeping but rarely ascending, covered with non-clathrate scales (rarely hairs). The petioles are single, rarely double (sometimes several fusing into two in the upper part of the stipe). They contain vascular bundles and the sori are marginal to sub-marginal, generally protected by laminar true indusia (rarely marginal pseudo-indusia or both).

Taxonomy

Lindsaeineae are placed within the Polypodiales and are phylogenetically related to the other five suborders as shown in this cladogram:^[2]

Subdivision

Lindsaeineae contains three families:

• Cystodiaceae J.R.Croft monotypic Cystodium sorbifolium
• Lindsaeaceae C.Presl ex M.R.Schomb. Seven genera, and an estimated 234 species
• Lonchitidaceae Doweld monogeneric Lonchitis 2 species

The three families constituting the Lindsaeineae are related as follows:

Bibliography

• Chase. Mark W.. Mark W. Chase. Reveal. James L.. James L. Reveal. 2009. A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161. 122–127. 2. 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x. free.
• Christenhusz. M. J. M.. Christenhusz. Zhang. X. C.. Schneider. H.. A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa. 18 February 2011. 19. 1. 7. 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2. . 10.1.1.222.1337.
• Christenhusz . Maarten J.M. . Christenhusz. Chase . Mark W. . Mark W. Chase. 2014 . Trends and concepts in fern classification . . 113 . 4. 571–594 . 10.1093/aob/mct299 . 24532607 . 3936591.
• Christenhusz. Maarten JM. Byng. J. W. . Maarten Christenhusz. James W. Byng. amp . 2016 . The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase . . 261 . 201–217 . 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 . 3 . free .
• Lehtonen. Samuli. Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life . . 6 . 10 . e24851 . 2011 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0024851 . 22022365 . 3192703. 2011PLoSO...624851L. free.
• Pryer . Kathleen M. . Schneider . Harald . Smith . Alan R. . Cranfill . Raymond . Wolf . Paul G. . Hunt . Jeffrey S. . Sipes . Sedonia D. . 2001 . Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants . . 409 . 6820. 618–622 . 10.1038/35054555 . 11214320. . 2001Natur.409..618S. 4367248 .
• Book: Ranker . Tom A. . Haufler . Christopher H. . Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. 2008. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-87411-3.
• Schneider. Harald. Schuettpelz. Eric. Pryer. Kathleen M.. Cranfill. Raymond. Magallón. Susana. Lupia. Richard. Ferns diversified in the shadow of angiosperms. Nature. 1 April 2004. 428. 6982. 553–557. 10.1038/nature02361. 15058303 . . 2004Natur.428..553S. 4395350 .
• Schneider. Harald. Smith. Alan R.. Pryer. Kathleen M.. Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny?. Systematic Botany. 1 July 2009. 34. 3. 455–475. 10.1600/036364409789271209. 85855934. .
• Book: Smith . Alan R. . Pryer . Kathleen M. . Schuettpelz . Eric . Korall . Petra . Schneider . Harald . Wolf . Paul G. . Fern classification. 417–467 . ., in

Notes and References

1. Smith. Alan R.. Kathleen M. Pryer. Eric Schuettpelz. Petra Korall. Harald Schneider. Paul G. Wolf. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon. 55. 3. 705–731. 10.2307/25065646. 25065646.
2. Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Journal of Systematics and Evolution. November 2016. 54. 6. 563–603. 10.1111/jse.12229. 39980610. free.