Lieutenant Governor of Indiana explained

Post:Lieutenant Governor
Body:Indiana
Insignia:Indiana-StateSeal.svg
Insigniasize:100px
Insigniacaption:Seal of Indiana
Incumbentsince:January 9, 2017
Department:Government of Indiana
Style:Madam Lieutenant Governor
Termlength:4 years
(term limited to serving no more than eight years in any twelve-year period)
Formation:Constitution of Indiana
1816
Inaugural:Christopher Harrison
November 7, 1816
Website:http://www.in.gov/lg/
Salary:$103,076

The lieutenant governor of Indiana is a constitutional office in the US state of Indiana. Republican Suzanne Crouch, who assumed office January 9, 2017, is the incumbent. The office holder's constitutional roles are to serve as the president of the Indiana Senate, become acting governor during the incapacity of the governor, and become governor should the incumbent governor resign, die in office, or be impeached and removed from office. Lieutenant governors have succeeded ten governors following their deaths or resignations. The lieutenant governor holds statutory positions, serving as the head of the state agricultural and rural affairs bureaus, and as the chairman of several state committees.

The lieutenant governor is elected on the same election ticket as the governor in a statewide election held every four years, concurrent with United States presidential elections. Should a lieutenant governor die while in office, resign, or succeed to the governorship, the constitution specifies no mechanism by which to fill vacancies in the lieutenant governor's office. Historically, the position has generally remained vacant during such events. The last attempt to fill such a vacancy in 1887 led to the outbreak of violence in the state legislature known as the Black Day of the General Assembly. However, in recent years the governor has appointed a lieutenant governor if a vacancy arises.

Requirements

The position of lieutenant governor was created with the adoption of the first Constitution of Indiana in August 1816. The position was filled by an October election. The position was retained and the current requirements established in the state's second and current constitution adopted in 1851.[1]

To become lieutenant governor, a candidate must have been a United States citizen and lived within Indiana for the period of five consecutive years before the election. The candidate must also be at least thirty years old when sworn into office. The lieutenant governor may not hold any federal office during his term, and must resign from any such position before being eligible to be sworn in as lieutenant governor. Before taking the office, the candidate must swear an oath of office administered by the chief justice of the Indiana Supreme Court, promising to uphold the constitution and laws of Indiana.[2]

Succession

The lieutenant governor serves as acting governor when the governor becomes incapacitated. In the state's early history, lieutenant governors would serve as acting governor while the governor was away from the capital. Christopher Harrison was the first lieutenant governor to serve as acting governor while Jonathan Jennings negotiated treaties far from the capital.[3]

If the governor dies in office, becomes permanently incapacitated, resigns, or is impeached, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[4] In total, ten lieutenant governors become governor by succession.[5] The first occurrence was when Jonathan Jennings resigned to become a congressman and was succeeded by Ratliff Boon.[6]

In the event that both the governorship and lieutenant-governorship are vacant, the constitution stipulates that the Senate president pro tempore becomes governor.[7] Historically, governors appointed the pro tempore to serve as acting lieutenant governor as a formality. This practice ended in the early twentieth century.[8] Although the constitution did not specify a method to fill a vacancy in the lieutenant governorship, an attempt to fill a vacancy occurred in 1887. When the winner of the election attempted to be seated, the Senate erupted into violence known as the Black Day of the General Assembly; the lieutenant governor-elect was sworn in but never seated.[9]

Should the lieutenant governorship become vacant for any reason, including death, resignation, or succession, the governor may nominate a replacement who must be approved by both houses of the General Assembly.[7]

Authority

Constitutional

The lieutenant governor has two constitutional functions. The primary function is to serve as the president of the Indiana Senate. In the Senate the lieutenant governor is permitted to debate on legislation, introduce legislation, and vote on matters to break ties. As presiding officer in the Senate, lieutenant governors also have partial control over what legislation will be considered, and influence on the legislative calendar. Unless a special session is called by the governor, the Senate meets for no more than 91 days in any two years period, leaving the lieutenant governor free from his or her senatorial duties in the remainder of the year.

The secondary function is to serve as a successor to the governorship should it become vacant, or act as governor if necessary. If a lieutenant governor should succeed to the governorship, the office of lieutenant governor and president of the Senate become vacant; the duties are taken over by the Senate president pro tempore.[10]

Statutory

The majority of the powers exercised by the lieutenant governor are statutory and have been assigned by the Indiana General Assembly. The first additional powers granted to the lieutenant governor were added in 1932 when the office holder was made the head of the state's agricultural commission. The office's powers have since expanded to include the chairmanship of the Office of Community and Rural Affairs, the Indiana Housing and Community Development Authority, Office of Energy and Defense Development, and the Office of Tourism Development.[10] As head of the various office and committees, the lieutenant governor controls many patronage positions and is permitted to fill them by appointment. Important positions filled by the lieutenant governor include the members of the Corn Marketing Council, the Main Street Council, Steel Advisory Commission, and the Indiana Film Commission.

In addition to the chairmanship of the committees, the lieutenant governor is also a participating member of the Natural Resources Committee, State Office Building Commission, Air Pollution Control Board, Water Pollution Control Board, and Solid Waste Management Board.[11]

The annual salary of the lieutenant governor is set by the Indiana General Assembly and was $76,000 in 2007.[12] [13]

List of lieutenant governors of Indiana

There have been forty-nine lieutenant governors of Indiana since Indiana became a state in 1816.

class=unsortable ImageLt. GovernorTook officeLeft officePartyGovernorclass=unsortableNotes
1bgcolor= Christopher HarrisonNovember 7, 1816December 17, 1818Democratic-RepublicanJonathan Jennings[14] [15] [16]
2bgcolor= Ratliff BoonDecember 8, 1819September 12, 1822Democratic-RepublicanJonathan Jennings[17]
3bgcolor= Ratliff BoonDecember 5, 1822January 30, 1824Democratic-RepublicanWilliam Hendricks
4bgcolor= John H. ThompsonDecember 7, 1825[18] December 3, 1828JacksonianWilliam Hendricks[19]
5bgcolor= Milton StappDecember 3, 1828December 7, 1831IndependentJames B. Ray
6bgcolor= David WallaceDecember 7, 1831December 6, 1837WhigNoah Noble
7bgcolor= David HillisDecember 6, 1837December 9, 1840WhigDavid Wallace
8bgcolor= Samuel HallDecember 9, 1840December 6, 1843WhigSamuel Bigger
9bgcolor= December 6, 1843March 4, 1845DemocraticJames Whitcomb[20] [21]
10bgcolor= December 9, 1846December 26, 1848DemocraticJames Whitcomb[22]
11bgcolor= Jim LaneDecember 5, 1849January 10, 1853DemocraticJoseph A. Wright
12bgcolor= Ashbel P. WillardJanuary 10, 1853January 12, 1857DemocraticJoseph A. Wright
13bgcolor= Abram A. HammondJanuary 12, 1857October 3, 1860DemocraticAshbel P. Willard[23]
14bgcolor= Oliver P. MortonJanuary 14, 1861January 16, 1861RepublicanHenry S. Lane
—bgcolor= John R. CravensJanuary 16, 1861October 9, 1863RepublicanOliver P. Mortonacting[24]
—bgcolor= Paris C. DunningOctober 9, 1863January 9, 1865DemocraticOliver P. Mortonacting[25]
15bgcolor= January 9, 1865January 23, 1867RepublicanOliver P. Morton
16bgcolor= January 11, 1869January 13, 1873RepublicanConrad Baker[26] [27]
17bgcolor= January 13, 1873January 13, 1877RepublicanThomas A. Hendricks
18bgcolor= Isaac P. GrayJanuary 13, 1877November 2, 1880DemocraticJames D. Williams
—bgcolor= Fredrick ViecheNovember 20, 1880January 8, 1881DemocraticIsaac P. Grayacting[28]
19bgcolor= Thomas HannaJanuary 10, 1881January 12, 1885RepublicanAlbert G. Porter
20bgcolor= January 12, 1885August 3, 1886DemocraticIsaac P. Gray
21bgcolor= January 10, 1887January 13, 1889RepublicanIsaac P. Gray
–bgcolor= November 8, 1886January 14, 1889DemocraticIsaac P. Grayacting[29]
22bgcolor= Ira Joy ChaseJanuary 14, 1889November 24, 1891RepublicanAlvin Peterson Hoveyacting[30]
—bgcolor= Francis M. GriffithNovember 23, 1891January 9, 1893RepublicanIra Joy Chaseacting[31]
23bgcolor= Mortimer NyeJanuary 9, 1893January 11, 1897DemocraticClaude Matthews
24bgcolor= William S. HaggardJanuary 11, 1897January 14, 1901RepublicanJames A. Mount
25bgcolor= Newton W. GilbertJanuary 14, 1901January 9, 1905RepublicanWinfield T. Durbin
26bgcolor= Hugh Thomas MillerJanuary 9, 1905January 11, 1909RepublicanFrank Hanly
27bgcolor= Frank J. HallJanuary 11, 1909January 13, 1913DemocraticThomas R. Marshall
28bgcolor= William P. O'NeillJanuary 13, 1913January 8, 1917DemocraticSamuel M. Ralston
29bgcolor= Edgar D. BushJanuary 8, 1917January 10, 1921RepublicanJames P. Goodrich
30bgcolor= Emmett Forrest BranchJanuary 10, 1921April 30, 1924RepublicanWarren T. McCray
—bgcolor= James J. NejdlApril 30, 1924January 12, 1925RepublicanWarren T. McCrayacting[32]
31bgcolor= F. Harold Van OrmanJanuary 12, 1925January 14, 1929RepublicanEdward L. Jackson
32bgcolor= Edgar D. BushJanuary 14, 1929January 9, 1933RepublicanHarry G. Leslie
33bgcolor= M. Clifford TownsendJanuary 9, 1933January 11, 1937DemocraticPaul V. McNutt
34bgcolor= Henry F. SchrickerJanuary 11, 1937January 13, 1941DemocraticM. Clifford Townsend
35bgcolor= Charles M. DawsonJanuary 13, 1941January 8, 1945DemocraticHenry F. Schricker
36bgcolor= Richard T. JamesJanuary 8, 1945January 10, 1948RepublicanRalph F. Gates
37bgcolor= Rue J. AlexanderApril 14, 1948January 2, 1949RepublicanHenry F. Schricker
38bgcolor= John A. WatkinsJanuary 10, 1949January 12, 1953DemocraticHenry F. Schricker
39bgcolor= Harold W. HandleyJanuary 12, 1953January 14, 1957RepublicanGeorge N. Craig
40bgcolor= Crawford F. ParkerJanuary 14, 1957January 9, 1961RepublicanHarold W. Handley
41bgcolor= Richard O. RistineJanuary 9, 1961January 11, 1965RepublicanMatthew E. Welsh
42bgcolor= Robert L. RockJanuary 11, 1965January 13, 1969DemocraticRoger D. Branigin
43bgcolor= Richard E. FolzJanuary 13, 1969January 8, 1973RepublicanEdgar Whitcomb
44bgcolor= Robert D. OrrJanuary 8, 1973January 12, 1981RepublicanOtis R. Bowen
45bgcolor= John MutzJanuary 12, 1981January 9, 1989RepublicanRobert D. Orr
46bgcolor= Frank O'BannonJanuary 9, 1989January 13, 1997DemocraticEvan Bayh
47bgcolor= Joe KernanJanuary 13, 1997September 13, 2003DemocraticFrank O'Bannon
48bgcolor= Kathy DavisOctober 20, 2003January 10, 2005DemocraticJoe Kernan
49bgcolor= Becky SkillmanJanuary 10, 2005January 14, 2013RepublicanMitch Daniels
50bgcolor=Sue EllspermannJanuary 14, 2013March 2, 2016RepublicanMike Pence[33]
51bgcolor=Eric HolcombMarch 3, 2016January 9, 2017RepublicanMike Pence
52bgcolor=Suzanne CrouchJanuary 9, 2017RepublicanEric Holcomb

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Gugin, p. 10
  2. [Constitution of Indiana]
  3. Gugin, p. 47
  4. [Constitution of Indiana]
  5. Gugin, p. 12
  6. Gugin, p. 49
  7. [Constitution of Indiana]
  8. Gugin, p. 14
  9. Gugin, pp. 176–177
  10. Indiana Chamber, p. 13
  11. Indiana Chamber, p. 14
  12. Indiana Chamber, p. 12
  13. Web site: Information Maintained by the Office of Code Revision Indiana Legislative Services Agency. November 22, 2008 . State of Indiana. November 23, 2008.
  14. Was acting governor.
  15. Resigned from office.
  16. James Beggs was elected Senate President pro tempore by the Senate to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Christopher Harrison. He held the position until the election of Ratliff Boon (Funk, p. 206).
  17. Was elevated to the governorship during his term.
  18. Web site: Lt. Governor: Previous Lt. Governors . In.gov . 2016-12-11.
  19. Served two terms.
  20. Became a United States senator.
  21. [Godlove S. Orth]
  22. James G. Read was elected Senate President pro tempore by the Senate to fill the vacancy created by the elevation of Paris C. Dunning to the governorship. He held the position until the election of Jim Lane (Funk, p. 206).
  23. The Senate did not elect a Senate president pro tempore following Hammond's succession as governor and the position remained vacant until the election of Oliver Morton (Funk, p. 206).
  24. After Morton's elevation to the governorship, John R. Cravens served as acting lieutenant governor from 1861 to 1863 (Funk, p. 206).
  25. After the resignation of John R. Cravens, Paris C. Dunning served as acting lieutenant governor from 1863 to 1865 (Funk, p. 206).
  26. After Conrad Baker's elevation to the governorship, William Cumback served as acting lieutenant governor until his election in 1869.
  27. George W. Finley served as acting lieutenant governor following the resignation of William Cumback until the election of Leonidas Sexton (Funk, p. 206).
  28. Fredrick Vieche served as acting lieutenant governor following the elevation of Isaac Gray to the governorship until the election of Thomas Hanna.
  29. At the general election in November 1886 both parties entered candidates to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Mahlon Manson. Robert S. Robertston, Republican, was elected and sworn into office on January 10, 1886. The Democrat-controlled Senate refused to seat him, declaring that the seat was not vacant and the election was invalid. The Senate then elected Alonzo G. Smith to serve as acting lieutenant governor until the election of Ira Chase. The Indiana Supreme Court ordered the senate to seat Robertson, but violence broke out when he attempted to enter the chamber, preventing him from ever taking office (Funk, p. 204).
  30. Francis M. Griffin served as acting lieutenant governor following the elevation of Ira Chase to the governorship. He served until the election of Mortimer Nye.
  31. Francis M. Griffin served as acting lieutenant governor following the elevation of Ira Chase to the governorship. He served until the election of Mortimer Nye (Funk, p. 204).
  32. James J. Nejdl served as acting lieutenant governor following the elevation of Emmett Branch to the governorship until the election of Harold Van Orman.
  33. Sue Ellspermann resigned to become president of Ivy Tech Community College.

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