| Official Name: | Lichinga |
| Pushpin Map: | Mozambique |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 240 |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Provinces |
| Subdivision Name1: | Niassa Province |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Area Total Km2: | 280 |
| Population As Of: | 2017 census |
| Population Total: | 213361 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone: | CAT |
| Utc Offset: | +2 |
| Coordinates: | -13.3128°N 35.2406°W |
| Elevation M: | 1398 |
| Blank Name: | Climate |
| Blank Info: | Cwb |
Lichinga is the capital city of Niassa Province of Mozambique. It lies on the Lichinga Plateau at an altitude of 1360m (4,460feet), east of Lake Niassa (Lake Malawi). The town was founded as Vila Cabral as a farming and military settlement. It is served by Lichinga Airport. The province borders Ruvuma Region in Tanzania.
The region that is Niassa province is the ancestral homeland of the Yao and Makua.
Founded by the Portuguese colonial administration in 1931 as Vila Cabral,[1] the town was designed to become a fast growth urban centre, its streets and avenues paying attention to a projected future growth. Vila Cabral was upgraded to city status in 1962. In the early 1960s its population was 27,000 inhabitants; by 1970 it had 36,715. The city developed as an agriculture and colonial service centre until the independence of Mozambique from Portugal in 1975. In addition, the town's economy included forestry-based activities and was surrounded by a pine tree plantation.
After independence the new government renamed the city Lichinga. The effects of 17 years of civil war (1975-1992) spread famine and disease in Mozambique resulting in many deaths and refugees in the region around Lichinga.
Owing to its high altitude location the town experiences a moderate subtropical highland climate (Cwb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with cool weather in the dry season (May to September) and average temperatures of 15.5C in July. Summertime is October to April with the hottest weather in November: average temperature 22C. This is also the season of heavy rain especially December to March. The annual rainfall is 1171mm.
There are a minimum estimated 450,000 Yao people living in Mozambique. They largely occupy the eastern and northern part of the Niassa province and form about 40% of the population of Lichinga.
| Year | Population[2] | |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 census | 85,758 | |
| 2007 census | 142,331 | |
| 2017 census | 213,361 |
A railway branch line from the port of Nacala terminates in this town, it has been renovated and receives services 3 times per week. Transport into and out of the city is either by private car or the public chapa, or minibus system. Air service is provided by Lichinga Airport with flights to Nampula and Maputo through LAM Mozambique Airlines or Ethiopian Airlines.