Lichenomphalia umbellifera explained

Lichenomphalia umbellifera, also known as the lichen agaric or the green-pea mushroom lichen,[1] is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. L. umbellifera forms a symbiotic relationship with unicellular algae in the genus Coccomyxa.[2] It is regarded as nonpoisonous.[3]

The mushroom is white to yellowish-tan and hygrophanous, and occurs throughout most of the year on damp soil and rotting wood. It can be found in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in the region of the Arctic.[4] In the Pacific Northwest, it is common and can be found northward from Santa Cruz. Its cap grows up to 3cm wide. Its stalk is 1–3cm tall and 1–3mm wide. The spores are white or yellowish.[5]

Taxonomy

The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Agaricus umbelliferus. It was transferred to Lichenomphalia in 2002.

L. umbellifera has a wide geographic range and displays a considerable amount of phenotypic plasticity, but phylogenetic research has confirmed that these populations represent a single species. Two related taxa have been described in the genus Lichenomphalia, but are yet unnamed.

Similar species

Similar species include Chromosera cyanophylla, Chrysomphalina aurantiaca, Chrysomphalina chrysophylla, Contumyces rosellus, and Rickenella fibula.

Notes and References

  1. Book: Siegel . Noah . Schwarz . Christian . Mushrooms of the redwood coast : a comprehensive guide to the fungi of coastal northern California . 2016 . 978-1-60774-817-5 . First . Ten Speed Press . Berkeley . 914339418.
  2. Geml . József . Kauff . Frank . Brochmann . Christian . Lutzoni . François . Laursen . Gary A. . Redhead . Scott A. . Taylor . D. Lee . March 2012 . Frequent circumarctic and rare transequatorial dispersals in the lichenised agaric genus Lichenomphalia (Hygrophoraceae, Basidiomycota) . Fungal Biology . en . 116 . 3 . 388–400 . 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.12.009. 22385621 .
  3. Book: Miller Jr.. Orson K.. North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Miller. Hope H.. FalconGuide. 2006. 978-0-7627-3109-1. Guilford, CN. 188. Orson K. Miller Jr..
  4. Book: Trudell. Steve. Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Ammirati. Joe. Timber Press. 2009. 978-0-88192-935-5. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR. 131–132.
  5. Book: Davis. R. Michael. Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Sommer. Robert. Menge. John A.. University of California Press. 2012. 978-0-520-95360-4. Berkeley. 171. 797915861.