Liatongus Explained

Liatongus is a genus of dung beetles in the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the scarab beetle family.^{[1] [2]} At least part of the upper surfaces are without hairs; the head and pronotal disc are generally sculptured; and the genae are rounded, with little or no indentation between the clypeus and the genae. Length ranges from 7.4 to 10.9 mm. Colours vary: they may be uniform brown or dull purple, or have red, white or yellow patterns on the elytra.

Distribution

Found in three regions: Afrotropical, Oriental to eastern Palearctic, and western Nearctic.

Taxonomy

There are 38-46 species; 17 are from Africa.^[3]

Species

These 43 species belong to the genus Liatongus:

• Liatongus affinis (Arrow, 1908)

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• Liatongus amitinus (Boucomont, 1921)

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• Liatongus ancorifer Kral & Rejsek, 1999

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• Liatongus appositicornis Kral & Rejsek, 1999

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• Liatongus arrowi (Boucomont, 1921)

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• Liatongus aterrimus (Boucomont, 1921)

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• Liatongus bucerus (Fairmaire, 1891)

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• Liatongus californicus (Horn, 1882)

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• Liatongus clypeocornis Scheuern, 1988

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• Liatongus davidi (Boucomont, 1919)

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• Liatongus denticornis (Fairmaire, 1887)

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• Liatongus endroedii Balthasar, 1956

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• Liatongus femoratus (Illiger, 1800)

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• Liatongus ferreirae Balthasar, 1964

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• Liatongus fulvostriatus D'Orbigny, 1916

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• Liatongus gagatinus (Hope, 1831)

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• Liatongus hastatus Kral & Rejsek, 1999

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• Liatongus imitator Balthasar, 1938

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• Liatongus incurvicornis (Fairmaire, 1887)

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• Liatongus indicus (Arrow, 1908)

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• Liatongus interruptus (Quedenfeldt, 1884)

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• Liatongus martialis (Harold, 1879)

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• Liatongus medius (Fairmaire, 1889)

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• Liatongus mergacerus (Hope, 1831)

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• Liatongus militaris (Castelnau, 1840)

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• Liatongus minutus (Motschulsky, 1860)

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• Liatongus phanaeoides (Westwood, 1839)

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• Liatongus pugionatus (Boheman, 1858)

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• Liatongus raffrayi (Lansberge, 1886)

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• Liatongus rhinoceros Arrow, 1931

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• Liatongus rhinocerulus (Bates, 1889)

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• Liatongus schoutedeni (Boucomont, 1920)

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• Liatongus sjostedti (Felsche, 1904)

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• Liatongus spathulatus (Roth, 1851)

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• Liatongus taurus (Boucomont, 1920)

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• Liatongus testudo (Lansberge, 1886)

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• Liatongus triacanthus (Boucomont, 1920)

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• Liatongus tridentatus (Boucomont, 1919)

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• Liatongus tuberculicollis (Felsche, 1909)

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• Liatongus upembanus Janssens, 1953

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• Liatongus urus (Kolbe, 1914)

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• Liatongus venator (Fabricius, 1801)

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• Liatongus vertagus (Fabricius, 1798)

^{c g}Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

Notes and References

1. Book: Davis. Adrian L.V.. Frolov. Andrey V.. Scholtz. Clarke H.. The African dung beetle genera. 2008. Protea Book House. Pretoria. 9781869192440. 1st. 237.
2. Philips. T. Keith. Phylogeny of the Oniticellini and Onthophagini dung beetles (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from morphological evidence. ZooKeys. 11 April 2016. 579. 9–57. 10.3897/zookeys.579.6183. 4829968. 27110200. free.
3. Web site: Liatongus - Wikispecies. species.wikimedia.org. 29 December 2016.