Liagoraceae Explained

Liagoraceae is a family of red algae (Rhodophyta) in the order Nemaliales.[1] The type genus is Liagora .

It was originally called Helminthocladiaceae by J.Agardh in 1851, but P. Silva in 1980 stated that this was predated by Liagoraceae which was published in 1843. Various authors over several years, had tried to form tribes within the family, but it was found (each time) that the family is not able to be divided naturally.[2] As the morphological character analyses show too much variation.[3]

The family was found to be polyphyletic (having a mixed evolutionary origin) based on analyses of rbcL enzymes. The 2 genera of Yamadaella and Liagoropsis, which were previously placed in the Dermonemataceae family, were found to have independent lineages and could be recognized as two new families Yamadaellaceae and Liagoropsidaceae.[4]

Description

Many species are irregular and paniculate (much-branched). They have a basic dichotomous branching but with numerous proliferous lateral branches.[5] They have a thallus (gametophyte) which is erect, they are approx. 1to tall. With usually much branched irregularly to sub-dichotomously with terete branches, they are mucilagionous, multi-axical with a loose filamentous entwined medulla.[6]

Distribution

The family has cosmopolitan distribution.[7] Species are found in places such as Bermuda,[8] Hawaii,[9] New Caledonia,[10] Egypt,[11] Australia,[12] [13] Canary Islands,[14] China (Hsisha Islands[15] and Hainan Island[16]) and Japan.[17]

They have been found at depths between 3and (below the sea level).[18]

List of genera

According to the AlgaeBase (amount of species per genus);[19]

The GBIF,[7] and WoRMS also accepts;[20]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Kamiya . M. . Lindstrom . S.C. . Nakayama . T. . Yokoyama . A. . Lin . S.-M. . Guiry . M.D. . Gurgel . F.D.G. . Huisman . J.M. . Kitayama . T. . Suzuki . M. . Cho . T.O. . Frey . W. . Frey . W. . Rhodophyta. In: Syllabus of Plant Families . 2017 . Borntraeger Science Publishers . Stuttgart . 978-3-443-01094-2 . 1–171 . 13 . Part 2/2: Photoautotrophic eukaryotic Algae. (Eds).
  2. Paul C. Silva, Philip W. Basson, Richard L. Moe
  3. Debashish Bhattacharya (Editor)
  4. Lin . Showe-Mei . Rodríguez-Prieto . Conxi . Huisman . John M. . Guiry . Michael D. . Payri . Claude . Nelson . Wendy A. . Liu . Shao-Lun . A phylogenetic re-appraisal of the family Liagoraceae sensu lato (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) based on sequence analyses of two plastid genes and postfertilization development . Journal of Phycology . June 2015 . 51 . 3 . 546–559 . 10.1111/jpy.12301. 26986669 . 10379/12457 . 206147255 . free .
  5. John Marinus Huisman
  6. J. Cramer
  7. Web site: Liagoraceae . www.gbif.org . 9 December 2022 . en.
  8. Popolizio . Thea R . Schneider . Craig W . Lane . Christopher E . A molecular evaluation of the Liagoraceae sensu lato (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) in Bermuda including Liagora nesophila sp. nov. and Yamadaella grassyi sp. nov . J. Phycol. . August 2015 . 51 . 4 . 637–58 . 10.1111/jpy.12306. 26986788 . 34018825 .
  9. Huisman J.M., Abbott LA. & Sherwood A.R., 2004 - The Liagoraceae (Nemaliales,Rhodophyta) of the Hawaiian Islands III: The genus Ganonema, with a description of Ganonema yoshizakii sp. nov. Phycologia 43: 296-310.
  10. Huisman . John M. . Millar . Alan!. K. . The Liagoraceae (Rhodophyta) of New Caledonia collected by Vieillard, including Ganonema filicoides (Kiitzing) comb. nov. . Cryptogamic, Algol. . 2007 . 28 . 3 . 201–207.
  11. Diane Scullion Littler and Mark Masterton Littler
  12. Huisman J.M., 2002. - The type and Australian species of the red algal genera Liagora and Ganonema (Liagoraceae, Nemaliales). Australian systematic botany 15: 773-838.
  13. Huisman J.M., 2006 - Algae of Australia: Nemaliales. Canberra, ABRS; Melbourne, CSIRO Publishing, viii + 153 p.
  14. Kvaternik . D. . Afonso-Carrillo . J. . The red algal genus Liagora (Liagoraceae, Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands . Phycologia . 1 November 1995 . 34 . 6 . 449–471 . 10.2216/I0031-8884-34-6-449.1.
  15. Fan K.-C. & Wang Y.-C., 1974 - Studies on the marine algae of Xisha Islands, China I. Ganonema gen. nov. Acta phytotaxonomica Sinica 12: 489-495.
  16. Book: Titlyanov . E.A. . Titlyanova . T.V. . Huang . Hui . Coral Reef Marine Plants of Hainan Island . 21 November 2016 . 9780128119631 . 11 December 2022 . en.
  17. Yoshizaki M., 1979 - Morphology and taxonomy of the Japanese representative of Nemaliales (4), Thallus structure and reproductive organs of Yamadaella cenomyce. Journal of Japanese botany 54: 225-233.
  18. Huisman . John M. . Kraft . Gerald T. . Studies of the Liagoraceae (Rhodophyta) of Western Australia: Gloiotrichus fractalis gen. et sp. nov. & Ganonema helminthaxis sp. nov . European Journal of Phycology . May 1994 . 29 . 2 . 73–85 . 10.1080/09670269400650521. 85436246 . free .
  19. Web site: Taxonomy Browser :: AlgaeBase . www.algaebase.org . 8 December 2022.
  20. Web site: WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Liagoraceae Kützing, 1843 . www.marinespecies.org . 9 December 2022.

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