Li Zhaoping Explained

Li Zhaoping
Native Name:李兆平
Native Name Lang:Chinese
Fields:Computational and Experimental Neuroscience
Experimental Psychology
Workplaces:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Institute for Advanced Study
Rockefeller University
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
University College London
University of Tuebingen
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
Education:Fudan University (B.S)
California Institute of Technology (PhD)
Known For:V1 Saliency Hypothesis(V1SH).[1] [2]
Spouse:Peter Dayan
Partners:)-->

Li Zhaoping,[3] born in Shanghai, China, is a neuroscientist at the University of Tübingen in Germany.[4] She is the only woman to win the first place in CUSPEA, an annual national physics competition[5] in China, during CUSPEA's 10-year history (1979–1989). She proposed V1 Saliency Hypothesis (V1SH), and is the author of Understanding vision: theory, models, and data[6] published by Oxford University Press.

Education

Li Zhaoping graduated from Fudan University in Shanghai in 1984 with a bachelor's degree in physics.[7] During 1984 to 1989, she did her Ph.D. study in Physics in California Institute of Technology.[8] Her Ph.D. supervisor was John J Hopfield.[9]

Career

After a brief stay in Fermilab, Zhaoping was a member for Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1990–1992,[10] and then was a postdoctoral fellow in Rockefeller University in 1992–1994.

In 1998, Li Zhaoping, together with Geoffrey Hinton and Peter Dayan, co-founded the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit in University College London.[11] [12]

Currently, Li Zhaoping is a professor at the University of Tübingen.[13] She is also the head of the department of Sensory and Sensorimotor Systems[4] in Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics.

Personal life

She is married to Prof. Peter Dayan, the director of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics.

Research and theory

Li Zhaoping is known as the creator of the V1 Saliency Hypothesis, V1SH (pronounced 'vish'), that the primary visual cortex (V1) in primates creates a saliency map of the visual field to guide visual attention or gaze shifts exogenously.[14] [15]

Proposed in the late-1990s, V1SH was unpopular initially, since it was contrary to the main and popular idea that the frontal and parietal areas of the brain are responsible for the saliency map.[16] As V1SH gathered more experimental support,[17] [18] [19] Zhaoping became more sought after for keynote or invited speeches in international conferences,[20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] and V1SH rises from being unpopular to being controversial. Some report experimental data for the theory,[28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] while others report evidence against it.[35] It is argued that if V1SH holds, then the framework to understand how our brain solves the vision problem should be substantially changed, as described by the Central-peripheral theory which in turn has its own experimental support[36] [37] .

Zhaoping also used a model to propose that feedback from the olfactory cortex to the olfactory bulb serves to segment odors from background for individual odor recognition and carries out other top-down controls,[38] this proposal predicts and explains a diversity of behavioral and neural data.

Notes and References

  1. Li. Zhaoping. 2002-01-01. A saliency map in primary visual cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 6. 1. 9–16. 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01817-9. 11849610. 13411369. 1364-6613.
  2. Book: Zhaoping, Li. Understanding Vision: Theory, Models, and Data. 2014-05-08. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-956466-8. Oxford, New York.
  3. Web site: Li Zhaoping 李兆平.
  4. Web site: Department for Sensory and Sensorimotor Systems. www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de. en. 2019-12-02.
  5. Web site: CUSPEA 84. https://web.archive.org/web/20070720233940/http://cuspea.pku.edu.cn/introduc/list1.php?year=84. dead. 2007-07-20. July 2007. CUSPEA 10 Years. Li Zhaoping is the first in the list.
  6. Book: Zhaoping, Li. Understanding Vision: Theory, Models, and Data. 2014-05-08. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-956466-8. Oxford, New York.
  7. Web site: Shanghai FORUM - Li Zhaoping. www.shanghaiforum.fudan.edu.cn. 2019-12-02.
  8. A model of the olfactory bulb and beyond. California Institute of Technology. 1990. phd. Zhaoping. Li.
  9. Web site: Physics Tree - John J. Hopfield. academictree.org. 2019-12-02.
  10. Web site: Zhaoping Li. Institute for Advanced Study. en. 2019-12-03.
  11. Web site: Peter Dayan and Li Zhaoping appointed to the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics. www.mpg.de. en. 2019-12-15.
  12. Web site: Pounds 10m centre to unlock brain's secrets. 1998-01-16. Times Higher Education (THE). en. 2020-01-26.
  13. Web site: Research Groups University of Tübingen. uni-tuebingen.de. 2019-12-03.
  14. Li. Zhaoping. 2002-01-01. A saliency map in primary visual cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 6. 1. 9–16. 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01817-9. 11849610. 13411369. 1364-6613.
  15. Li. Zhaoping. 1999-08-31. Contextual influences in V1 as a basis for pop out and asymmetry in visual search. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. en. 96. 18. 10530–10535. 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10530. 0027-8424. 10468643. 17923. 1999PNAS...9610530L. free.
  16. Itti. Laurent. Koch. Christof. March 2001. Computational modelling of visual attention. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. en. 2. 3. 194–203. 10.1038/35058500. 11256080. 2329233. 1471-0048.
  17. Zhaoping. Li. 2008-05-01. Attention capture by eye of origin singletons even without awareness—A hallmark of a bottom-up saliency map in the primary visual cortex. Journal of Vision. en. 8. 5. 1.1–18. 10.1167/8.5.1. 18842072. 1534-7362. free.
  18. Yan. Yin. Zhaoping. Li. Li. Wu. 2018-10-09. Bottom-up saliency and top-down learning in the primary visual cortex of monkeys. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. en. 115. 41. 10499–10504. 10.1073/pnas.1803854115. 0027-8424. 30254154. 6187116. free.
  19. January 12, 2012. Neural Activities in V1 Create a Bottom-Up Saliency Map. Neuron . 73 . 183–192. 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.035. 22243756. Zhang. X.. Zhaoping. L.. Zhou. T.. Fang. F.. 1. 9767861. free.
  20. Web site: Cosyne 07 - COSYNE. www.cosyne.org. 2019-12-10.
  21. Web site: CNS 2020. www.cnsorg.org. 2019-12-10.
  22. Web site: Visual Perception meets Computational Neuroscience www.ecvp.uni-bremen.de. www.ecvp.uni-bremen.de. 2019-12-10.
  23. Web site: Q-bio 2015: Confirmed Invited Speakers - Q-bio. q-bio.org. 2019-12-10.
  24. Web site: Welcome to the 14th annual APCV and the 3rd CVSC. www.hk14888.com. en. 2019-12-10.
  25. Web site: SCiNDU: Systems and Computational Neuroscience Down Under. 2015-06-10. The Brain Dialogue. 2019-12-10.
  26. Web site: ESI Systems Neuroscience Conference 2019.
  27. Web site: Shanghai FORUM - Li Zhaoping. www.shanghaiforum.fudan.edu.cn. 2019-12-10.
  28. Theeuwes. Jan. 2010-10-01. Top–down and bottom–up control of visual selection. Acta Psychologica. 135. 2. 77–99. 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.02.006. 20507828. 0001-6918. free.
  29. Bisley. James W.. Goldberg. Michael E.. 2010. Attention, Intention, and Priority in the Parietal Lobe. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 33. 1. 1–21. 10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-152823. 3683564. 20192813.
  30. Schwartz. Odelia. Hsu. Anne. Dayan. Peter. July 2007. Space and time in visual context. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. en. 8. 7. 522–535. 10.1038/nrn2155. 17585305. 42893510. 1471-0048.
  31. Zhang. Xilin. Zhaoping. Li. Zhou. Tiangang. Fang. Fang. 2012-01-12. Neural Activities in V1 Create a Bottom-Up Saliency Map. Neuron. 73. 1. 183–192. 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.035. 22243756. 0896-6273. free.
  32. Donk. Mieke. van Zoest. Wieske. July 2008. Effects of salience are short-lived. Psychological Science. 19. 7. 733–739. 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02149.x. 1467-9280. 18727790. 15304219.
  33. Töllner. Thomas. Zehetleitner. Michael. Gramann. Klaus. Müller. Hermann J.. 2011-01-21. Stimulus Saliency Modulates Pre-Attentive Processing Speed in Human Visual Cortex. PLOS ONE. en. 6. 1. e16276. 10.1371/journal.pone.0016276. 1932-6203. 3025013. 21283699. 2011PLoSO...616276T. free.
  34. Maunsell. John H.R.. 2015. Neuronal Mechanisms of Visual Attention. Annual Review of Vision Science. 1. 1. 373–391. 10.1146/annurev-vision-082114-035431. 28532368. 8279254.
  35. White. Brian J.. Kan. Janis Y.. Levy. Ron. Itti. Laurent. Munoz. Douglas P.. 2017-08-29. Superior colliculus encodes visual saliency before the primary visual cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. en. 114. 35. 9451–9456. 10.1073/pnas.1701003114. 0027-8424. 28808026. 5584409. free.
  36. Zhaoping. Li. 2019-10-01. A new framework for understanding vision from the perspective of the primary visual cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. Computational Neuroscience. 58. 1–10. 10.1016/j.conb.2019.06.001. 0959-4388. 31271931. 195806018.
  37. Zhaoping . Li . 2024-04-01 . Peripheral vision is mainly for looking rather than seeing . Neuroscience Research . 201 . 18–26 . 10.1016/j.neures.2023.11.006 . 0168-0102. free .
  38. 2016-10-01. Olfactory object recognition, segmentation, adaptation, target seeking, and discrimination by the network of the olfactory bulb and cortex: computational model and experimental data. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. en. 11. 30–39. 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.009. 2352-1546. Zhaoping. Li. 27989941.

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